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Kinge, Jonas Minet; Godager, Geir & Selbæk, Geir
(2023).
En sterk økning i demens vil kreve store ressurser.
Dagens medisin.
ISSN 1501-4290.
Show summary
Demens er dyrest av alle sykdommer i Norge og utgjør en presserende helseutfordring. En aldrende befolkning gjør at forekomsten av demens er i ferd med å øke. Dessverre har vi ikke noen effektiv kur mot denne tilstanden. For å opprettholde tjenestetilbudet til personer med demens trengs betydelig økninger i bevilgningene til omsorgstjenesten.
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Kinge, Jonas Minet & Godager, Geir
(2022).
Kunnskapsbasert helsepolitikk er nødvendig for bærekraftige helsetjenester med god kvalitet.
Dagens medisin.
ISSN 1501-4290.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2022).
Imperfect quality competition in regulated health care markets
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2022).
Imperfect quality competition in regulated health care markets.
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Godager, Geir
(2022).
Bounded rationality models and their application to experimental data.
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Godager, Geir
(2022).
Bounded rationality models and their application to experimental data.
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Godager, Geir
(2022).
Bounded rationality models and their application to experimental data.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2022).
Imperfect quality competition in regulated health care markets.
Show summary
We study equilibrium quality in a health care market with regulated prices. Demand-side behavior is derived from choice axioms, and the demand-side responds imperfectly to differences in provider quality. The quality-responsiveness of the demand-side, medical technology and cost structure determines a unique payoff matrix for providers. Payoffs to providers are vectors with two elements: profit and patient benefit. For alternative degrees of quality-responsiveness, we derive the set of pure strategies that constitute feasible Pareto equilibria or Bayesian Nash equilibria in a duopoly market. The minimal quality that can be implemented as a Pareto equilibrium or Bayesian Nash equilibrium rises if the demand-side becomes more responsive to quality.
Exploiting data from an incentivized laboratory experiment on strategic medical choices, we find that for 36 % of cases, decision-makers choose medical treatments that are dominated by other treatment strategies. We compute the quantal response equilibria for alternative levels of quality-responsiveness and show that equilibrium qualities are positively related to the quality-responsiveness of the demand-side. The consequences for the market equilibrium of a more quality responsive demand-side are qualitatively similar in a quantal response equilibrium and in a Bayesian Nash equilibrium.
Our results illustrate how and why choice opportunities for patients cause quality incentives for providers, even in markets where the demand side has an imperfect quality response. An important policy implication is that policies that succeed in raising the quality-responsiveness of the demand-side will lead to a rise in equilibrium qualities provided to the market. Classic examples include lowering transaction costs and transportation costs.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2021).
Predicting strategic medical choices: An application of a quantal response equilibrium choice model.
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Ge, Ge; Godager, Geir; Thomas, Stephanie & Hole, Arne Risa
(2021).
A protocol for a choice experiment and data analysis.
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Godager, Geir
(2021).
Bounded rationality models and their application to experimental data.
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Godager, Geir
(2021).
Forhåndsregistrering av forskningsprotokoller i eksperimentell økonomi
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Godager, Geir
(2021).
Preregistration of protocols for economic experiments.
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Godager, Geir
(2021).
Market equilibrium in general medical practice when demand functions are derived from choice axioms.
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Godager, Geir
(2019).
Bounded rationality models.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2019).
A Quantal Response Equilibrium Choice Model.
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Godager, Geir
(2019).
Bounded rationality models. .
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Iversen, Tor; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike; Wang, Jian & Godager, Geir
(2019).
Are patient-regarding preferences stable? Evidence from a laboratory experiment with physicians and medical students from different countries.
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Gamst, Emilie & Godager, Geir
(2019).
Økonom: Feil å klandre bedrifter. Intervjuobjekt.
[Newspaper].
Dagsavisen.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2019).
A Quantal Response Equilibrium Choice Model.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2019).
A Quantal Response Equilibrium Choice Model.
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Godager, Geir
(2019).
Organisering og betaling i fastlegetjenesten: Muligheter og begrensninger.
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Godager, Geir
(2019).
Vi anbefaler helse- ministeren å tenke seg godt om før han eventuelt gjentar påstanden om at systemet fungerer godt.
[Newspaper].
Agderposten.
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Fosse, Synnøve Skeie & Godager, Geir
(2019).
Han mottok mer i refusjoner fra Folketrygden i 2018 enn noen andre legespesialister.
[Newspaper].
Agderposten.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2018).
Markets and Rationality.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2018).
Markets and rationality.
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2018).
Markets and rationality
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Cheo, Roland; Ge, Ge; Godager, Geir; Wang, Jian; Wang, Qiqi & Liu, Rugang
(2017).
The effect of a mystery shopper program on prescriptions in primary care: Results from a field experiment.
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Byambadalai, Undral; Godager, Geir; Ma, Ching-To Albert & Wiesen, Daniel
(2017).
Competition and altruism.
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Ge, Ge; Godager, Geir; Wang, Jian & Wiesen, Daniel
(2017).
Pysicians' preferences under demand-side cost sharing.
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Godager, Geir; Ma, Ching-To Albert & Wiesen, Daniel
(2016).
Competition and Altruism.
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Godager, Geir; Cheo, Roland; Ge, Ge; Liu, Rugang; Wang, Qiqi & Wang, Jian
(2016).
The Effect of a Mystery Shopper Program on Prescription in Primary Care: Results from a Field Experiment in China.
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Ge, Ge; Cheo, Roland; Godager, Geir; Liu, Rugang; Wang, Qiqi & Wang, Jian
(2016).
Gender Differences in Antibiotic Prescriptions of Primary Health Providers in China.
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Godager, Geir
(2016).
Competition and preferences in health care markets: Behavioral effects of incentives and framing.
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Godager, Geir; Ma, Ching-To Albert & Wiesen, Daniel
(2016).
Competition and altruism: Experimental evidence.
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Ma, Ching-To Albert; Wiesen, Daniel & Godager, Geir
(2016).
Competition and Altruism.
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Wang, Jian; Godager, Geir; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike; Iversen, Tor & Jing, Lin
(2015).
The Impact of Payment Systems on Medical Students’ and Physicians’ Behavior – An Experimental Study in China.
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Li, Jing Jing; Godager, Geir & Wang, Jian
(2015).
Does physician gender influence the provision of medical care? An experimental study.
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Godager, Geir; Iversen, Tor & Hennig-Schmidt, Heike
(2014).
Does performance disclosure influence physicians’ medical decisions? An experimental analysis.
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Godager, Geir; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike; Wang, Jian & Lin, Jing
(2014).
Does Prospective Physicians’ Behavior Depend on the Payment System? Results from a Laboratory Experiment Applying a Within-Subject-Design.
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Aas, Eline; Gudrun Maria Waaler, Bjørnelv & Godager, Geir
(2013).
Can we identify the impact of social capital in empirical studies of disease severity and mortality? An exploratory study based on cancer data.
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Godager, Geir; Iversen, Tor & Ma, Ching-To Albert
(2013).
Gatekeeping and Access to Health Care.
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Godager, Geir; Iversen, Tor & Hennig-Schmidt, Heike
(2013).
Does performance disclosure influence physicians’ medical decisions? An experimental analysis.
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Godager, Geir; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike & Iversen, Tor
(2013).
Does performance disclosure influence physicians’ medical decisions? An experimental analysis.
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Godager, Geir; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike & Iversen, Tor
(2013).
Does performance disclosure influence physicians’ medical decisions?
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Godager, Geir
(2013).
Om betydningen av offentlig informasjon om behandlingsbeslutninger.
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Gregersen, Fredrik & Godager, Geir
(2012).
Hospital Expenditures and the Red Herring Hypothesis: Evidence from a complete National Registry.
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Aars, Ole Kristian; Godager, Geir; Kaarbøe, Oddvar Martin & Moger, Tron Anders
(2022).
Sending emails to reduce medical costs? The effect of feedback on general practitioners’ claiming of fees.
Universitetet i Oslo.
ISSN 1501-9071.
2022(1).
Full text in Research Archive
Show summary
Audit and feedback is used as a strategy to guide practices of health care professionals towards certain targets. The
outcome of interest can be quality improvements, but also ensuring that health care workers adhere to relevant
regulations. We conducted a nationwide field experiment in the Norwegian primary care sector to study the
behavioral responses from giving general practitioners feedback (GPs) on their claiming of fees. The email-based
feedback intervention targeted GPs who most frequently claimed fees for double consultations and provided them
with a reminder of the formal regulations for double consultations. The intervention caused a 2-5 percentage point
reduction in the use of the double-consultation fee, reducing the yearly health care spending of the Norwegian
government by approximately €877 000 (or €1 270 per GP).
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Ge, Ge & Godager, Geir
(2021).
Essays in experimental health economics.
Universitetet i Oslo.
Full text in Research Archive
Show summary
In order to implement effective health policy reforms, knowledge of physician preferences, and hence, their responses to policy reforms is desirable. This thesis consists of three papers aiming to address fundamental research questions on physician behavior. Paper I investigates whether the change of information scheme affects physicians’ prescribing behavior. The results suggest that preannouncing a mystery shopper audit reduces physicians’ probability of prescribing drugs to the pseudopatients. Paper II explores physicians’ response to cost-sharing borne by the patients and finds that future physicians are concerned about the influences of their medical treatment choices on patients’ consumption opportunities after co-payment. Paper III introduces a strategic decision scenario and studies physician treatment decisions under competition. The results indicate that the substantial difference in behavior between markets may be attributed to changes in individuals’ scale parameter. The scale parameter rises as markets become more competitive, implying a higher degree of determinism in behavior. The data of all three papers are collected from experiments. Under the framework of stochastic choice theory, three special cases of a generalized multinomial logit model are employed in the data analysis.
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Godager, Geir; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike; Jing Jing, Li; Wang, Jian & Yang, Fan
(2021).
Does gender affect medical decisions?
Results from a behavioral experiment with physicians and medical students
.
Universitetet i Oslo.
ISSN 1501-9071.
2021(1).
Full text in Research Archive
Show summary
It is rarely the case that differences in behaviors of females and males are described under a ceteris paribus condition, and behaviors can
potentially be influenced by the environment in which decisions are made. In the case of medical decisions, physicians are expected to
account for patient characteristics as well as observed and unobserved contextual factors, such as whether the patient has a healthy lifestyle.
Since one usually do not randomize physicians to context, reported gender differences in medical practice can have several alternative
interpretations.
A key question is whether the medical treatment of a given patient is expected to depend on the gender of the physician. To address this
question, we quantify gender effects using data from an incentivized laboratory experiment, where Chinese medical doctors and Chinese
medical students choose medical treatment under different payment schemes. We estimate preference parameters of females and males
assuming decision-makers have patient-regarding preferences. We cannot reject the hypothesis that gender differences in treatment choices
are absent. Preference parameters of females and males are not statistically different in a log-likelihood ratio test, and there is no evidence
that the degree of randomness in choices differs between genders.
The absence of gender effects in the laboratory, where choice context is fixed, provides nuance to previous findings on gender differences, and highlights the general difficulty of separating individuals’ behavior from the context they are in.
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Abelsen, Birgit; Gaski, Margrete; Godager, Geir; Løyland, Hanna Isabel; Pedersen, Kine & Snilsberg, Øyvind
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2019).
Evaluering av pilotprosjekt med primærhelseteam og alternative finansieringsordninger. Statusrapport II.
Helsedirektoratet.
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Godager, Geir; Iversen, Tor; Morken, Tone & Hunskaar, Steinar
(2015).
Fastlønn ved legevaktarbeid.
Nasjonalt kompetansesenter for legevaktmedisin, Uni Research Helse.
ISSN 9788292970911.
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Gregersen, Fredrik & Godager, Geir
(2013).
Hospital expenditures and the red herring hypothesis: Evidence from a complete national registry.
Universitetet i Oslo.
ISSN 978-82-7756-233-9.
2013(3).
Show summary
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on population aging and growth in health expenditures. The Red Herring hypothesis, i.e., that hospital expenditures are driven by the occurrence of mortal illnesses, and not patients’ age, forms the basis of the study. The data applied in the analysis are from a complete registry of in-patient hospital expenditures in Norway from the years 1998-2009. Since data registration is compulsory and all hospital admissions are recorded, there is no self-selection into the data. Mortality related hospital expenditures were identified by creating gender-cohort specific panels for each of the 430 Norwegian municipalities. We separated the impact of mortality on current hospital expenditures from the impact of patients’ age and gender. This approach contributes to the literature by applying sensible aggregation methods on a complete registry of inpatient hospital admissions.
We apply model estimates to quantify the mortality related hospital expenditures for twenty age groups. The results show that mortality related hospital expenditures are a decreasing function of age. Further the results clearly support that, both age and mortalities should be included when predicting future health care expenditure. The estimation results suggest that 9.2 % of all hospital expenditure is associated with treating individuals in their last year of life.
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Godager, Geir; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike & Iversen, Tor
(2013).
Does performance disclosure influence physicians’ medical decisions? An experimental analysis.
Helseøkonomisk forskningsnettverk ved Universitetet i Oslo, HERO.
ISSN 978-82-7756-231-5.
2013(1).
Show summary
Pay-for-performance schemes targeting quality improvements and cost reductions in markets for medical care have become increasingly popular among health policy-makers during the last decade. Typically, such schemes attach financial incentives to a set of indicators which consist of some processed information that is believed to constitute an adequate description of the provider. Due to the asymmetric information inherent in medical markets, changes in the information structure are likely to cause substantial change to the environment in which health care providers operate. Since monitoring of physician treatment decisions is a necessary prerequisite in a pay-for performance scheme, and also an important factor influencing the information structure in the market, disentangling the effect of a change in the information regime from
a change in financial incentives is difficult. By means of a laboratory experiment we are able to identify the ceteris-paribus effect of a change in information regime. We
find that introducing transparency, and making medical students’ treatment decisions known to their peers, have a positive impact on patients’ health benefit. The results
also suggest that disclosure of physician performance increase social welfare.
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Godager, Geir; Iversen, Tor & Ma, Ching-To Albert
(2012).
Competition, Gatekeeping, and Health Care Access.
HERO.
ISSN 978-82-7756-230-8.