Jørund Straand

• Tibelles, Hatuia Bø; Jenum, Anne Karen; Kirkebøen, Lars Johannessen; Berg, Tore Julsrud; Claudi, Tor & Cooper, John [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). High prevalence of retinopathy in young-onset type 2 diabetes and possible sex differences: insights from Norwegian general practice. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. ISSN 2052-4897. 12(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003624.
• Fiske, Mari; Moen, Anne; Mdala, Ibrahimu & Straand, Jørund (2024). Malnutrition and Polypharmacy in Older Adult Patients Receiving Home Care Nursing Services: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. ISSN 1525-8610. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.11.016.
• Heltveit-Olsen, Silje Rebekka; Lunde, Lene; Brænd, Anja Maria; Spehar, Ivan; Høye, Sigurd & Sundvall, Pär-Daniel [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Local management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: a longitudinal interview study of municipality chief medical officers. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 42(1), p. 214–224. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2023.2301562. Full text in Research Archive
• Fossum, Guro Haugen; Brænd, Anja Maria; Heltveit-Olsen, Silje Rebekka; Rørtveit, Guri; Høye, Sigurd & Straand, Jørund (2023). Symptoms, symptom severity, and contact with primary health care among nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients: a Norwegian web-based survey. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 41(4), p. 427–434. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2023.2266477. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective Dependent on clinical setting, geography and timing during the pandemic, variable symptoms of COVID-19 have been reported. Our aim was to describe self-reported symptom intensity and contact with primary health care among nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients. Design Web-based survey. Setting Norway between March 2020 and July 2021. Subjects Adults in home isolation. Main outcome measures Participants reported possible COVID-19 symptoms, duration of symptoms, score of symptom severity (Likert scale 0–3), risk factors, comorbidity, and questions regarding follow-up and information from primary health care. Results Of 477 participants, 379 (79%) had PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 324 (68%) were females, and 90% were younger than 60 years. Most common symptoms were “fatigue and/or muscle ache” (80%), nasal symptoms (79%), and headache (73%). The mean severity of symptoms was generally low. Symptoms with the highest mean scores were “fatigue and/or muscle ache” (1.51, SD 1.02) and headache (1.27 (SD 1.00). Mean scores for severity ranged from 0.28 (nausea) to 1.51 (fatigue and/or muscle ache). Women reported higher symptom scores than men. For “affected sense of smell and/or taste”, patients either reported a high symptom score (24%) or no affliction at all (49%). A third of the participants (32%) were followed-up by primary care health personnel, and almost 40% had sought or received information about COVID-19 from general practitioners. Conclusion The mean severity of symptoms among nonhospitalized adult COVID-19 patients was generally low. We found large variations in the occurrence and severity of symptoms between patients.

• Skow, Marius Andre Hybbestad; Fossum, Guro Haugen; Høye, Sigurd; Straand, Jørund; Brænd, Anja Maria & Emilsson, Louise (2023). Hospitalizations and severe complications following acute sinusitis in general practice: a registry-based cohort study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. ISSN 0305-7453. 78(9), p. 2217–2227. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad227. Full text in Research Archive
• Forthun, Ingeborg; Rørtveit, Guri; Fossum, Guro Haugen; Jørgensen, Pål; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas & Nilsen, Stein [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Søvnforstyrrelser og forskrivning av hypnotika i allmennpraksis – en PraksisNett-studie. SØVN. ISSN 1891-5493. p. 11–15. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Søvnforstyrrelser er svært utbredt i befolkningen. Insomni er den vanligste søvnforstyrrelsen med en forekomst på omkring 10-20 %. Forekomsten ser ut til å være økende i befolkningen. Blant pasienter på venterommet hos norske fastleger er forekomsten så høy som rundt 50 % ifølge to tidligere studier. Insomni utgjør en risikofaktor for utvikling av psykiske lidelser og er identifisert som en mulig kausal årsaksfaktor for en rekke negative helseutfall. Selv om sovemedisiner kun er anbefalt ved akutte søvnplager, er forskrivning av sovemedisiner også for langvarige plager svært vanlig. Medikamentgruppen hypnotika inkluderer benzodiazepiner, benzodiazepinlignende sovemidler (z preparater) og melatoninpreparater. I klinisk praksis benyttes av og til også andre preparater enn hypnotika mot søvnproblemer, inkludert antidepressiva, antihistaminer og antipsykotika.

• Skow, Marius; Fossum, Guro Haugen; Høye, Sigurd; Straand, Jørund; Emilsson, Louise & Brænd, Anja Maria (2023). Antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections in adults in Norwegian general practice. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance (JAC-AMR). ISSN 2632-1823. 5(1). doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac135. Full text in Research Archive
• Heltveit-Olsen, Silje Rebekka; Lunde, Lene; Brænd, Anja Maria Lyche; Spehar, Ivan; Høye, Sigurd & Skoglund, Ingmarie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Experiences and management strategies of Norwegian GPs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal interview study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2022.2142796. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas; Nilsen, Stein; Fossum, Guro Haugen & Fors, Egil Andreas [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). The Norwegian PraksisNett: a nationwide practice-based research network with a novel IT infrastructure. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 40(2), p. 217–226. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2022.2073966. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Clinical research in primary care is relatively scarce. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are research infrastructures to overcome hurdles associated with conducting studies in primary care. In Norway, almost all 5.4 million inhabitants have access to a general practitioner (GP) through a patient-list system. This gives opportunity for a PBRN with reliable information about the general population. The aim of the current paper is to describe the establishment, organization and function of PraksisNett (the Norwegian Primary Care Research Network). Materials and Methods We describe the development, funding and logistics of PraksisNett as a nationwide PBRN. Results PraksisNett received funding from the Research Council of Norway for an establishment period of five years (2018–2022). It is comprised of two parts; a human infrastructure (employees, including academic GPs) organized as four regional nodes and a coordinating node and an IT infrastructure comprised by the Snow system in conjunction with the Medrave M4 system. The core of the infrastructure is the 92 general practices that are contractually linked to PraksisNett. These include 492 GPs, serving almost 520,000 patients. Practices were recruited during 2019–2020 and comprise a representative mix of rural and urban settings spread throughout all regions of Norway. Conclusion Norway has established a nationwide PBRN to reduce hurdles for conducting clinical studies in primary care. Improved infrastructure for clinical studies in primary care is expected to increase the attractiveness for studies on the management of disorders and diseases in primary care and facilitate international research collaboration. This will benefit both patients, GPs and society in terms of improved quality of care.

• Østrem, Anders; Bruusgaard, Kari A.; Hellem, Elisabet & Straand, Jørund (2021). Lungerehabilitering av kolspasienter i primærhelsetjenesten - en pilotundersøkelse i to norske kommuner. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. 88(6), p. 10–15.
• Straand, Jørund & Sandvik, Hogne (2021). Professor Niels Berner Sørenssen (1774-1857) - teori og praksis i en medisinsk brytningstid. Michael quarterly. Supplement. ISSN 1893-0808. 18, p. 218–238.
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Brænd, Anja Maria (2021). Good communication was valued as more important than accessibility according to 707 Nordic primary care patients: a report from the QUALICOPC study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2021.1928837. Full text in Research Archive
• Fog, Amura Francesca; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Engedal, Knut & Straand, Jørund (2020). Variation between nursing homes in drug use and in drug-related problems. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01745-y. Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Residents at nursing homes (NHs) are at particular risk for drug related harm. Regular medication reviews using explicit criteria for pharmacological inappropriateness and classification of drug related problems (DRPs) have recently been introduced as measures to improve the quality of medication use and for making the treatment more uniform across different institutions. Knowledge about variation in DRPs between NHs is scarce. To explore if increased attention towards more appropriate drug treatment in NHs have led to more uniform treatment, we have analyzed variations between different nursing homes' drug use and DRPs. METHODS: Cross-sectional medication review study including 2465 long-term care residents at 41 NHs in Oslo, Norway. Regular drug use was retrieved from the patients' medical records. DRPs were identified by using STOPP/START and NORGEP criteria and a drug-drug interactions database. NHs were grouped in quartiles based on average levels of drug use. The upper and lower quartiles were compared using independent samples t-test and associations between drug use and DRPs were tested by logistic regression. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 85.9 years, 74.2% were women. Mean numbers of regular drugs per patient was 6.8 and varied between NHs from 4.8 to 9.3. The proportion of patients within each NH using psychotropic and analgesic drugs varied largely: antipsychotics from three to 50%, benzodiazepines from 24 to 99%, antidepressants from nine to 75%, anti-dementia drugs from no use to 42%, opioids from no use to 65% and paracetamol from 16 to 74%. Mean DRPs per patient was 2.0 and varied between NHs from 0.5 to 3.4. The quartiles of NHs with highest and lowest mean drugs per patient (7.7 vs. 5.7, p < 0.001) had comparable mean number of DRPs per patient (2.2 vs. 1.8, p = 0.2). Using more drugs and the use of opioids, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and antidepressants were associated with more DRPs. CONCLUSIONS: The use of psychotropic and analgesic drugs was high and varied substantially between different NHs. Even if the use of more drugs, opioids and psychotropic drugs was associated with DRPs, no difference was found in DRPs between the NHs with highest vs. lowest drug use.

• Romskaug, Rita; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Straand, Jørund; Kersten, Hege & Molden, Espen (2020). Prescribed Doses of CYP2D6-Metabolized Drugs and Hemodynamic Responses in Relation to CYP2D6 Genotype Among Older Patients Exposed to Polypharmacy. Drugs & Aging. ISSN 1170-229X. 37(6), p. 425–433. doi: 10.1007/s40266-020-00763-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Many drugs with dose-dependent effects on hemodynamic variables are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). The aim of this study was to compare prescribed dosages and hemodynamic responses of such drugs in relation to pharmacogenetic variability in CYP2D6 metabolism among patients aged ≥ 70 years exposed to polypharmacy. Materials and methods: We included 173 patients with detailed information about drug use. The patients were retrospectively subjected to CYP2D6 genotyping, which comprised the most common variant alleles encoding reduced, absent, or increased CYP2D6 metabolism. In order to compare dosages across different CYP2D6-metabolized drugs, all prescribed daily doses were harmonized to the 'percent of a daily defined dose' (DDD). The mean harmonized DDD was compared between genotype-predicted normal metabolizers (NMs) and patients with reduced or absent CYP2D6 enzyme activity, defined as intermediate or poor metabolizers (IMs/PMs). Blood pressure, pulse, and patient proportions with orthostatism and bradycardia were also compared between genotype subgroups. Results: The genotype-predicted phenotype subgroups comprised 79 NMs (45.7%), 75 IMs (43.4%), and 16 PMs (9.2%). There were no differences in dosing of CYP2D6 substrates between NMs and IMs/PMs (p = 0.76). A higher proportion of CYP2D6 IMs/PMs experienced orthostatism (p = 0.03), while there were no significant subgroup differences for the other hemodynamic variables. Conclusion: In this real-life clinical setting of patients aged ≥ 70 years, dosing of CYP2D6 substrates were not adjusted according to genotype-predicted CYP2D6 metabolism. The increased occurrence of orthostatism in patients with reduced/absent CYP2D6 metabolism may indicate that individualized dosing based on genotype has the potential to prevent adverse effects in these vulnerable patients.

• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & Lundqvist, Christofer (2019). Validity of self-reported assessment of severity of dependence scale in medication-overuse headache. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(4), p. 837–841. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-0022.
• Lundqvist, Christofer; Gossop, Michael; Russell, Michael Bjørn; Straand, Jørund & Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug (2019). Severity of Analgesic Dependence and Medication-overuse Headache . Journal of addiction medicine. ISSN 1932-0620. 13(5), p. 346–353. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000504.
• Fetveit, Arne; Straand, Jørund; Bjorvatn, Bjørn & Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug (2019). Self-reported sleeplessness in 12,655 persons living in the north of Norway: The Tromsø Study. Sleep Science. ISSN 1984-0659. 12(3), p. 147–155. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190070. Full text in Research Archive
• Rolfsjord, Ingrid; Mdala, Ibrahimu & Straand, Jørund (2019). Sykebesøk på sykehjem: Får vaktlegen nok pasientinformasjon? : . Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. doi: 10.4220/sykepleienf.2019.75498.
• Romskaug, Rita; Skovlund, Eva; Straand, Jørund; Molden, Espen; Kersten, Hege & Pitkala, Kaisu H [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Effect of clinical geriatric assessments and collaborative medication reviews by geriatrician and family physician for improving health-related quality of life in home-dwelling older patients receiving polypharmacy: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. ISSN 2168-6106. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5096. Full text in Research Archive
• Fog, Amura Francesca; Straand, Jørund; Engedal, Knut & Blix, Hege Salvesen (2019). Drug use differs by care level. A cross-sectional comparison between older people living at home or in a nursing home in Oslo, Norway. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1064-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). Patients´ and GPs´ expectations regarding healthcare-seeking behavior: a Norwegian comparative study. British Journal of General Practice Open. ISSN 2398-3795. doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen18X101615. Full text in Research Archive
• Rognstad, Sture; Brekke, Mette; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Fetveit, Arne; Gjelstad, Svein & Straand, Jørund (2018). Characteristics of General Practitioners (GPs) responding to an educational intervention to minimize inappropriate prescriptions. Subgroup analyses of 449 GPs participating in the Prescription Peer Academic Detailing (Rx-PAD) study. . British Journal of General Practice Open. ISSN 2398-3795. doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen18X101373. Full text in Research Archive
• Rognstad, Sture; Brekke, Mette; Gjelstad, Svein; Straand, Jørund & Fetveit, Arne (2018). Potentially inappropriate prescribing to older patients: Criteria, prevalence and an intervention to reduce it: The Prescription Peer Academic Detailing (Rx-PAD) Study - A cluster-randomized, educational intervention in Norwegian general practice. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. ISSN 1742-7835. 123(4), p. 380–391. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13040.
• Straand, Jørund & Cooper, Jeanette (2018). Legemiddelkonsulentbesøk i allmennpraksis observert av femteårsstudenter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0078.
• Espelid, Ivar; Simonsen, Kristian Anton; Skaare, Anne B; Willumsen, Tiril; Straand, Jørund & Gjelstad, Svein [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Forskningsnettverk med leger og tannleger. Den norske tannlegeforenings tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 128(1), p. 8–14.
• Espelid, Ivar✝; Simonsen, Kristian Anton; Skaare, Anne B; Willumsen, Tiril; Straand, Jørund & Gjelstad, Svein [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Forskningsnettverk med leger og tannleger: et pilotprosjekt med datauttrekk fra elektronisk pasientjournal. Den norske tannlegeforenings tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 128(1), p. 8–14.
• Skaare, Anne B; Simonsen, Kristian Anton; Espelid, Ivar✝; Straand, Jørund; Gjelstad, Svein & Klock, Kristin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Medikamentelt utløst munntørrhet hos to pasientgrupper: Et pilotprosjekt blant leger og tannleger basert på data fra elektroniske pasientjournaler og spørreskjema. Den norske tannlegeforenings tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 128(1), p. 16–23.
• Sundseth, Anne Cathrine; Gjelstad, Svein; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). General practitioners' prescriptions of benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics and opioid analgesics for elderly patients during direct and indirect contacts. A cross-sectional, observational study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 36(2), p. 115–122. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2018.1459164. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  OBJECTIVE: To describe Norwegian general practitioners' (GPs') prescription patterns of benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics and opioid analgesics (BZO-drugs) to elderly (≥70 years) patients. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Cross sectional, observational study. Contact- and prescription data from 148 Norwegian GPs, issued for elderly patients during eight months in 2008. GP-patient contacts were categorized as direct contacts (DC: face-to-face consultations) or indirect contacts (IC: via third party, phone or mail). Explanatory variables were characteristics linked to the GPs, patients, and practices. During analyses, GPs' number of listed patients, share of which for elderly patients, and total number of patient consultations during the period (proxy for practice activity), were categorized in quintiles (Q1-5) by number of GPs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of BZO-drug prescriptions and quantities issued during direct- and indirect GP-patient contacts. RESULTS: In total, 62% of BZO-prescriptions were issued during ICs. Of all prescriptions, 66% were large quantum packages (50 tablets or more), 62% out of which were prescribed during ICs. During the study period, 50% of the patients received repeat prescriptions. Prescribing during ICs was associated with low over all practice activity (Q1) and many (Q5) older patients on the GP's lists. CONCLUSION: GPs' BZO-drug prescribing to elderly occur more frequently during ICs than within DCs, and are more commonly issued as large quantity packages. This indicates that regular- or long-term use among elderly is common, contrasting with previous and current national guidelines, which recommend regular clinical assessments and short time or intermittent use of BZO-drugs. Key Points GPs frequently prescribe benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics and opioid (BZO) drugs for elderly people. BZO-drugs are frequently issued during indirect GP-patient contacts and in relatively large quantities, indicating regular or long-term use. GPs' BZO-drug prescribing patterns contrast with national guidelines recommending clinical assessment and short time or intermittent use of BZO-drugs.

• Dalbak, Lene Gjelseth; Schirmer, Henrik; Straand, Jørund; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Solberg, Ole Geir & Melbye, Hasse (2018). Impaired left ventricular filling is associated with decreased pulse oximetry values. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. ISSN 1401-7431. 52(4), p. 211–217. doi: 10.1080/14017431.2018.1464662.
• Brænd, Anja Maria; Straand, Jørund & Klovning, Atle (2017). Clinical drug trials in general practice: how well are external validity issues reported? BMC Family Practice. ISSN 1471-2296. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12875-017-0680-7.
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund; Björkelund, Cecilia; Kosunen, Elise; Thorgeirsson, Ofeigur & Vedsted, Peter [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Differences in medical services in Nordic general practice: a comparative survey from the QUALICOPC study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 35(2), p. 153–161. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1333323. Full text in Research Archive
• Nyborg, Gunhild; Brekke, Mette; Straand, Jørund; Gjelstad, Svein & Romøren, Maria (2017). Potentially inappropriate medication use in nursing homes: an observational study using the NORGEP-NH criteria. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 17:220, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0608-z.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2017). Predictors of successful primary care detoxification treatment for medication-overuse headache. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6314. 136(5), p. 486–494. doi: 10.1111/ane.12759.
• Næss, Gro; Kirkevold, Marit; Hammer, Wenche; Straand, Jørund & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun (2017). Nursing care needs and services utilised by home-dwelling elderly with complex health problems: Observational study. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2600-x.
• Fog, Amura Francesca; Kvalvaag, Gunnar; Engedal, Knut & Straand, Jørund (2017). Drug-related problems and changes in drug utilization after medication reviews in nursing homes in Oslo, Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 35(4), p. 329–335. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1397246.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2017). Lasting improvement of medication-overuse headache after brief intervention - a long-term follow-up in primary care. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 24(7), p. 883–891. doi: 10.1111/ene.13318.
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund; Melbye, Hasse; Rørtveit, Guri; Hetlevik, Irene & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Patient experiences and the association with organizational factors in general practice: Results from the Norwegian part of the international, multi-centre, cross-sectional QUALICOPC study. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 16(428). doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1684-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Brænd, Anja Maria; Straand, Jørund; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn & Klovning, Atle (2016). Publication and non-publication of drug trial results: A 10-year cohort of trials in Norwegian general practice. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 6(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010535. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Previously, we identified a 10-year cohort of protocols from applications to the Norwegian Medicines Agency 1998–2007, consisting of 196 drug trials in general practice. The aim of this study was to examine whether trial results were published and whether trial funding and conflicts of interest were reported. Design Cohort study of trials with systematic searches for published results. Setting Clinical drug trials in Norwegian general practice. Methods We performed systematic literature searches of MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL to identify publications originating from each trial using characteristics such as test drug, comparator and patient groups as search terms. When no publication was identified, we contacted trial sponsors for information regarding trial completion and reference to any publications. Main outcome measures We determined the frequency of publication of trial results and trial characteristics associated with publication of results. Results Of the 196 trials, 5 were never started. Of the remaining 191 trials, 71% had results published in a journal, 11% had results publicly available elsewhere and 18% of trials had no results available. Publication was more common among trials with an active comparator drug (χ2 test, p=0.040), with a larger number of patients (total sample size≥median, p=0.010) and with a longer trial period (duration≥median, p=0.025). Trial funding was reported in 85% of publications and increased over time, as did reporting of conflicts of interest among authors. Among the 134 main journal articles from the trials, 60% presented statistically significant results for the investigational drug, and the conclusion of the article was favourable towards the test drug in 78% of papers. Conclusions We did not identify any journal publication of results for 29% of the general practice drug trials. Trials with an active comparator, larger and longer trials were more likely to be published.

• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2016). Disability, anxiety and depression in patients with medication-overuse headache in primary care - the BIMOH study. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 23, p. 28–35. doi: 10.1111/ene.12850.
• Dalbak, Lene Gjelseth; Straand, Jørund & Melbye, Hasse (2015). Should pulse oximetry be included in GPs' assessment of patients with obstructive lung disease? Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 33(4), p. 305–310. doi: 10.3109/02813432.2015.1117283. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Vetvik, Kjersti; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2015). Brief intervention by general practitioners for medication-overuse headache, follow-up after 6 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. Journal of Neurology. ISSN 0340-5354. Published ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7975-1.
• Nyborg, Gunhild; Straand, Jørund; Klovning, Atle & Brekke, Mette (2015). The Norwegian General Practice-Nursing Home criteria (NORGEP-NH) for potentially inappropriate medication use: A web-based Delphi study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 33(2), p. 134–141. doi: 10.3109/02813432.2015.1041833. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Vetvik, Kjersti; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2015). Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: a double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. ISSN 0022-3050. 86(5), p. 505–512. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308548.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2014). Feasibility of a brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care - A pilot study. BMC Research Notes. ISSN 1756-0500. 7(1). doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-165. Full text in Research Archive

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• Straand, Jørund & Emilsson, Louise (2023). Alderdom. In Hunskaar, Steinar (Eds.), Allmennmedisin. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-05-57986-6. p. 953–964.
• Tellnes, Gunnar; Straand, Jørund & Kolstad, Nils (2023). Ole Didrik Lærum. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 143(4). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0073. Show summary

  Professor dr.med. og tidligere rektor ved Universitetet i Bergen Ole Didrik Lærum døde 24. januar 2023 i sin hjembygd Voss, 82 år gammel. Han var en god venn og en viktig samarbeidspartner for mange, både i Norge og i sitt rike internasjonale nettverk. Han var en dyktig formidler og høyt verdsatt lærer for legestudentene i Bergen. Ole Didrik var kjent som patolog og kreftforsker, og på dette området var han aktiv helt frem til sommeren 2022, bl.a. ved universitetet og Finsenlaboratoriet i København. Han har preget organiseringen og rammevilkårene for forskning i Norge. Blant annet var han styreleder i Norges forskningsråd og preses i Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi. Han mottok mange utmerkelser, som Anders Jahres medisinske pris til yngre forskere og utnevnelse til kommandør av St. Olavs Orden. Som medlem av Universitetsrådet var han spesielt engasjert da organiseringen av høyere utdanning var oppe til behandling i 1990-årene. Her fikk hans vurderinger og synspunkter stor betydning. Ole Didrik var levende interessert i kunst, kultur og medisinsk historie. Han skrev mange lokalhistoriske bøker og deltok i flere orkestre. I den gamle doktorgården på Voss har han bygd opp et medisinsk museum om distriktslegens liv og virke. Alle gjenstandene i museet er registrert elektronisk og dermed sikret for ettertiden. Legestudenter fra avgangskullet 1977 i Bergen hadde stor glede av å gjenoppleve Ole Didriks formidlingskunst da vi ved markeringen av vårt 40-årsjubileum besøkte hans museum. Han var en hedersmann og vil bli husket som en av de aller fremste personlighetene i norsk medisin og akademia. Som person fremstod han som vennlig og lyttende og med god sans for humor.

• Tibballs, Katrina Louise Bø; Kirkebøen, Lars Johannessen; Jenum, Anne Karen; Straand, Jørund & Buhl, Esben Selmer (2023). Country background, education level, employment and disability in young-onset type 2 diabetes. Show summary

  Country background, education level, employment and disability in young-onset type 2 diabetes Background and Aims Young-onset type 2 diabetes (YOD – diagnosis before age 40) entails high disease burden and is mainly managed in general practice. Knowledge of how socioeconomic status and country background impact YOD risk is sparce. We aimed to study effects of education level and country background on YOD risk and effects of YOD on employment and disability. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional data on 10241 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from Norwegian general practices (ROSA 4 study, 2014), linked to data on country background, education level, disability benefits and employment, were compared with population data matched for age, sex and residential area. Using negative binomial regression and adjusting for age and sex, we analyzed YOD risk by country background and education level, and the effects of YOD on risk of disability and labour market absence. Results T2D risk was increased in non-Western compared to Norwegian background. South Asians exhibited the greatest risk increase, five-fold for T2D (adjusted incidence rate ratio, aIRR 4.7 (4.3-5.2)) and nine-fold for YOD (aIRR 8.9 (7.3-11.0)). T2D risk in low education was almost double that in high education, with YOD risk significantly higher than for later onset T2D (see table). There was significant interaction between low education and country background, with only Westerners exhibiting a substantially increased risk of YOD (aIRR 3.2 (2.4-4.4)). Disability risk was doubled in T2D (aIRR 2.2 (2.0-2.3) and three-fold higher in YOD (aIRR 3.1 (2.7-3.5) than in the population. Workforce participation was only reduced in T2D diagnosed before age 50. Conclusion Non-Western, particularly South Asian background and low education was associated with increased risk of YOD. Low education was an important YOD risk factor only for Westerners. Risk of disability and labour market absence was significantly higher in YOD than in later onset T2D and in the general population.

• Tibballs, Katrina Louise Bø; Kirkebøen, Lars Johannessen; Jenum, Anne Karen; Straand, Jørund & Buhl, Esben Selmer (2023). EDUCATION LEVEL AND COUNTRY BACKGROUND IN YOUNG-ONSET TYPE 2 DIABETES. Show summary

  EDUCATION LEVEL AND COUNTRY BACKGROUND IN YOUNG-ONSET TYPE 2 DIABETES Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with socioeconomic status and country background, but knowledge about the influence of these factors in young-onset T2D (YOD) is sparce. We aimed to examine the risk of YOD according to education level and country background. Methods Cross-sectional data from 2014 on 10241 individuals with T2D from Norwegian general practices (ROSA 4 study) were linked to data from Statistics Norway on country background and education level. Using separate data for the population of Norway, ROSA 4 individuals were compared with individuals matched for age, sex and residential area. Poisson regression analyses of T2D risk by country background and education compared YOD (diagnosis before age 40) with later onset T2D. Results In ROSA 4, 10% had YOD. Of these, 39% had non-Western background (22% South Asians) vs. 20% in the matched population. Among South Asians 29% of T2D was diagnosed before age 40 vs 7% of those with Norwegian background. Compulsory education was the highest education level in 36% in ROSA 4 vs 26% in the matched population. In YOD, these shares were 41% and 21%. T2D risk was increased in non-Western background compared to Norwegian background, particularly in South Asians (Incidence rate ratio, IRR 4.2 (4.0-4.5)). The risk was doubled in YOD (IRR 8.9 (8.0-9.8)). T2D risk was increased in individuals with lower education levels and the effect was larger in YOD (see table). There was an interaction between education level and country background in their association with YOD risk, individuals with Norwegian background, but not to South Asians, with low education having increased risk. Conclusion Non-Western background is associated with increased risk of T2D onset at a younger age. South Asians have particularly high risk. Low education is a risk factor for young-onset T2D in Norwegians, but not in South Asian immigrants.

• Sandvik, Hogne & Straand, Jørund (2023). Terapeutiske beslutninger og handlinger . In Hunskaar, Steinar (Eds.), Allmennmedisin. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 978-82-05-57986-6. p. 122–130.
• Skow, Marius; Fossum, Guro Haugen; Høye, Sigurd; Straand, Jørund; Brænd, Anja Maria & Emilsson, Louise (2023). Antibiotic Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults in Norwegian General Practice.
• Straand, Jørund (2022). Allmennmedisin 50 år (som) universitetsfag i Bergen. Per Fugelli: La ikke dette bli de selvgodes hvileskjær. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. 51(7), p. 20–23.
• Straand, Jørund & Hunskaar, Steinar (2022). Videre- og etterutdanning for allmennleger - en kjerneoppgave. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 19, p. 261–278.
• Straand, Jørund; Malterud, Kirsti & Hunskaar, Steinar (2022). Forskningen på 1990-tallet: medgang avler medgang. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 19, p. 137–153.
• Skow, Marius; Fossum, Guro Haugen; Høye, Sigurd; Straand, Jørund; Emilsson, Louise & Brænd, Anja Maria (2022). Antibiotic treatment of adult patients with respiratory tract infections in Norwegian general practice: A nationwide registry-based study.
• Fossum, Guro Haugen; Brænd, Anja Maria Lyche; Heltveit-Olsen, Silje Rebekka; Høye, Sigurd; Rørtveit, Guri & Straand, Jørund (2022). CovidNor - The Patient Study.
• Heltveit-Olsen, Silje Rebekka; Lunde, Lene; Brænd, Anja Maria; Spehar, Ivan; Høye, Sigurd & Skoglund, Ingmarie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Experiences and management strategies of Norwegian GPs during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal interview study. .
• Straand, Jørund (2020). Institutt for helse og samfunn 10 år: Hvem og hvor stammer vi fra? Bidrag til instituttets "slektshistorie".
• Straand, Jørund (2019). "De mørke Maaneders indflydelse paa Blodet" - klinisk forskning i norsk allmennpraksis anno 1909.
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Allmennmedisinsk kanon: mens allmennpraksis er urgammel har det medisinske faget allmennmedisin en kort historie.
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Allmennmedisin - urgammel praksis, ungt fag.
• Straand, Jørund (2019). PraksisNett – en infrastruktur for klinisk forskning i allmennpraksis .
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Formidling av forskningsresultater – til kolleger og til publikum .
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Fra idé til prosjekt 2: Planlegging er halve jobben. Arbeidsplan (”protokoll”) for prosjektet. Hva hører hjemme i en forskningsprotokoll? .
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Når vi ikke kan stole på forskningsresultatene: Publication bias .
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Allmennmedisin som forskningsbasert fag. Grunnlaget for de ulike forskningstradisjonene i medisinen .
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Blodtrykket: diagnosen og behandlingen.
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Avdeling for allmennmedisin - 50 års historie på 40 minutter .
• Straand, Jørund; Bentzen, Niels; Björkelund, Cecilia; Sigurdsson, Johann Agust & Puustinen, Raimo (2019). Birth and growth of academic general practice in the Nordic countries.
• Straand, Jørund (2019). Forskningsbehov og forskningsressurser i norsk allmennmedisin. . Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. 48(5), p. 15–17.
• Straand, Jørund; Bentzen, Niels; Björkelund, Cecilia; Sigurdsson, Johann Agust & Puustingen, Rob (2019). Birth and growth of academic practice in the Nordic countries. 21st Nordic Congress of General Practice 17-20 June 2019, Aalborg, Denmark.
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). How can a general practitioner help? Patients’ and doctors’ views on reasons for visiting a GP; results from Norway. .
• Straand, Jørund (2018). 101lærerike kasuistikker fra allmennpraksis. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(5). doi: 10.104045/tidsskr.17.1002.
• Straand, Jørund (2018). En ektefødt sekstiåtter på universitetet. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290. 20(19), p. 57–57. Show summary

  Om allmennmedisin som universitetsfag 50 år (1968-2018)

• Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Straand, Jørund; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas; Wensaas, Knut-Arne; Bellika, Johan Gustav & Fors, Egil Andreas [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). PraksisNett - et nettverk av fastlegepraksiser. En storsatsing på forskning i allmennpraksis. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. p. 40–43.
• Ruths, Sabine; Straand, Jørund; Harald A, Nygaard & Hodneland, Fernande (2017). Drug treatment of heart failure – do nursing home residents deserve better? .
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). Differences in Nordic general practitioners´ participation in treatment and follow-up of common medical conditions.
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). Nordic general practitioners´ role in the treatment and follow-up of common medical conditions.
• Brænd, Anja Maria; Straand, Jørund & Klovning, Atle (2017). Clinical drug trials in general practice: How well are external validity issues reported?
• Romskaug, Rita; Molden, Espen; Straand, Jørund; Kersten, Hege; Skovlund, Eva & Pitkala, Kaisu H [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Cooperation between geriatricians and general practitioners for improved pharmacotherapy in home-dwelling elderly people receiving polypharmacy - the COOP Study: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials. ISSN 1745-6215. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-1900-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Procedures, tests and medical equipment in Nordic general practice.
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Ruths, Sabine; Janssen, S & Straand, Jørund (2016). Turning general practitioners into researchers. Experiences from the Norwegian research school in general practice.
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Ruths, Sabine; Janssen, Siri Evju & Straand, Jørund (2016). Turning general practitioners into researchers. Experiences from The Norwegian Research School in General Practice (NAFALM).
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Straand, Jørund; Ruths, Sabine; Klovning, Atle; Sigurdsson, Johann Agust & Melbye, Hasse [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Research training in general practice. Experience from the Norwegian Research School in General Practice.
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Straand, Jørund; Kvalvaag, Gunnar & Os, Ingrid (2015). Clinical rotations in nursing homes in medical education.
• Ruths, Sabine & Straand, Jørund (2015). Eldre og legemidler. Kap. G 10 i Norsk legemiddelhåndbok.
• Nyborg, Gunhild; Straand, Jørund; Klovning, Atle; Klovning, Atle & Brekke, Mette (2015). The Norwegian General Practice Nursing Home criteria (NORGEP-NH) for potentially inappropriate medication use. A web based Delphi study.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2015). Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care (the bimoh study) – An open long-term follow-up.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2015). BRIEF INTERVENTION FOR MEDICATION-OVERUSE HEADACHE IN PRIMARY CARE (THE BIMOH STUDY) – AN OPEN LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP.
• LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER; Gossop, Michael; Russell, Michael Bjørn; Straand, Jørund & Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug (2015). Dependence like behaviour in medication-overuse headache.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2015). Brief Intervention for Medication-Overuse Headache in primary care (the BIMOH study): an open long-term follow-up. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 22, p. 78–78.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2015). Brief Intervention for Medication-Overuse Headache in primary care (the BIMOH study): an open long-term follow-up.
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Melbye, Hasse; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2015). Are patient experiences in general practice affected by independent organizational factors?
• Brænd, Anja Maria; Straand, Jørund & Klovning, Atle (2015). Clinical drug trials in Norwegian general practice: Publication output and missing trial data.
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Melbye, Hasse; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2014). Norske allmennlegers arbeidshverdag – hva skjer på legekontorene og hvordan opplever pasientene det?
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Vetvik, Kjersti; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2014). Behandlingseffekt og tilbakefall av medikamentoverforbrukshodepine 12 måneder etter behandling i primærhelsetjenesten: En klynge-randomisert kontrollert studie.
• Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaug; Straand, Jørund; Vetvik, Kjersti; Russell, Michael Bjørn & LUNDQVIST, CHRISTOFER (2014). EHMTI-0251. Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care - 1-year follow-up – the BIMOH study. The Journal of Headache and Pain. ISSN 1129-2369. 15, p. C31–C31. doi: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-S1-C31.
• Straand, Jørund & Brænd, Anja Maria (2014). Det du ikke vet kan skade. NRK Ytring.
• Brænd, Anja Maria; Straand, Jørund & Klovning, Atle (2014). Non-publication of results from clinical drug trials in Norwegian general practice.
• Brænd, Anja Maria & Straand, Jørund (2014). A.M. Brænd & J. Straand svarer:. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(20). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1169.
• Brænd, Anja Maria & Straand, Jørund (2014). Sant om legemidler? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(16). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0851.

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