Lars Engebretsen

• Randsborg, Per-Henrik; Brinchmann, Jan Engelsen; Owesen, Christian; Engebretsen, Lars; Birkenes, Thomas & Hanvold, Heidi Andreassen [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Is Not Better Than Arthroscopic Debridement for the Treatment of Symptomatic Cartilage Lesions of the Knee: Two-Year Results From a Randomized-Controlled Trial. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation (ASMAR). ISSN 2666-061X. 6(2). doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2024.100909.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Unsupervised Machine Learning of the Combined Danish and Norwegian Knee Ligament Registers: Identification of 5 Distinct Patient Groups With Differing ACL Revision Rates. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 52(4). doi: 10.1177/03635465231225215.
• Moatshe, Gilbert & Engebretsen, Lars (2024). Knee dislocations with vascular injuries – a review article. Danish Medical Journal. ISSN 2245-1919. 71(3). doi: 10.61409/A08230529.
• Urhausen, Anouk; Grindem, Hege; Engebretsen, Lars; Silbernagel, Karin Grävare; Axe, Michael J. & Snyder-mackler, Lynn (2024). The Delaware‐Oslo ACL Cohort treatment algorithm yields superior outcomes to usual care 9–12 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12039.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Marmura, Hana; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas & Moatshe, Gilbert [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). External validation of the Norwegian anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction revision prediction model using patients from the STABILITY 1 Trial. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. 32(2), s. 206–213. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12031.
• Urhausen, Anouk; Grindem, Hege; Engebretsen, Lars; Grävare Silbernagel, Karin; Axe, Michael J. & Snyder-Mackler, Lynn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort treatment algorithm yields superior outcomes to usual care 9-12 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. 32(2), s. 214–222. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12039.
• Birkenes, Thomas; Furnes, Ove Nord; Lygre, Stein Håkon Låstad; Solheim, Eirik Johan; Årøen, Asbjørn & Knutsen, Gunnar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Previous cartilage surgery is associated with inferior patient-reported outcomes after knee arthroplasty. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. 32(2), s. 361–370. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12050.
• Årøen, Asbjørn; Brinchmann, Jan Engelsen; Engen, Cathrine N.; Randsborg, Per-Henrik; Engebretsen, Lars & Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn (2023). The Need for Pragmatic Registry-Based Trials in Cartilage Research. Cureus. ISSN 2168-8184.
• Toyooka, Seikai; Persson, Andreas; LaPrade, Robert F.; Engebretsen, Lars & Moatshe, Gilbert (2023). Injury Patterns in Posterolateral Corner Knee Injury. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM). ISSN 2325-9671. 11(8). doi: 10.1177/23259671231184468. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Posterolateral corner (PLC) knee injuries associated with different injury mechanisms are not well known. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study sought to assess the patterns of associated injuries in the setting of PLC injury. The hypothesis was that there are recognizable injury patterns in PLC injuries that may correlate with injury mechanism. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who sustained a multiligament knee injury were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who sustained an acute grade 3 PLC injury and underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. A description of the PLC injury (location of the injury of the fibular collateral ligament [FCL], popliteus tendon, and/or popliteofibular ligament) and reported concomitant injuries (biceps femoris tendon or meniscal tears, cartilage pathology and/or peroneal nerve palsy, or bone bruises) were collected and classified based on intraoperative and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Results: Of 135 patients reviewed, 83 did not have PLC involvement and 13 were excluded due to insufficient MRI scans available. Thus, 39 patients were included in this study. For both the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–PLC and ACL–posterior cruciate ligament–PLC injury patterns, the most frequent injury pattern entailed a bone bruise of the anteromedial (AM) femur and tibia, an FCL tear from the fibular head, the popliteus tendon avulsed off the femur, a biceps femoris tendon torn off the fibular head, and a common peroneal nerve palsy. Conversely, when no bone bruise occurred on the AM femur and tibia, the FCL was injured on the femoral side and the popliteus tendon, biceps femoris, and peroneal nerve were not injured. Conclusion: AM bone bruise was associated with a peroneal nerve injury in almost half of the patients, and peroneal nerve injury was not seen if there was no AM bone bruise.

• Drury, Anne; Engebretsen, Lars; Steffen, Kathrin; Soligard, Torbjørn; Liu, Ran & Forster, Bruce B. (2023). Utilization of Imaging for Severe Injuries at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. ISSN 0846-5371. doi: 10.1177/08465371231212110. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Soligard, Torbjørn; Palmer, Debbie; Steffen, Kathrin; Lopes, Alexandre Dias; Grek, Natalia & He, Xuan [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Olympic Games during nationwide lockdown: Sports injuries and illnesses, including COVID-19, at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107412. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the Beijing Winter Olympic Games from 4 February 2022 to 20 February 2022. Methods: We recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues by the Beijing 2022 medical staff. Results: In total, 2848 athletes (1276 women, 45%; 1572 men, 55%) from 91 NOCs were followed prospectively for the occurrence of injury and illness. NOC and Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 289 injuries and 109 illnesses, equalling 10.1 injuries and 3.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. The injury incidence was highest in ski halfpipe (30%), ski big air (28%), snowboard slopestyle (23%) and ski slopestyle (22%), and lowest (1%–2%) in curling, alpine mixed team parallel slalom, Nordic combined and alpine super-G. The illness incidence was highest in ski aerials (10%), skeleton (8%), cross-country skiing (8%) and Nordic combined (7%). In the study period, COVID-19 affected 32 athletes, accounting for 29% of all illnesses affecting 1.1% of all athletes. Conclusion: Overall, 10% of the athletes incurred an injury and 4% an illness during the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. The incidence of illnesses overall, which was the lowest yet recorded in the Winter Olympic Games, and COVID-19 was mitigated through comprehensive countermeasures.

• Oeding, Jacob F.; Pareek, Ayoosh; Nieboer, Micah J.; Rhodes, Nicholas G.; Tiegs-Heiden, Christin A. & Camp, Christopher L. [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). A Machine Learning Model Demonstrates Excellent Performance in Predicting Subscapularis Tears Based on Pre-Operative Imaging Parameters Alone. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy And Related. ISSN 0749-8063. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.08.084.
• Mountjoy, Margo; Ackerman, Kathryn E.; Bailey, David M.; Burke, Louise M.; Constantini, Naama & Hackney, Anthony C. [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). 2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 57(17), s. 1073–1097. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994. Vis sammendrag

  Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International Olympic Committee’s expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and performance outcomes experienced by female and male athletes exposed to low energy availability (LEA; inadequate energy intake in relation to exercise energy expenditure). Since the 2018 REDs consensus, there have been >170 original research publications advancing the field of REDs science, including emerging data demonstrating the growing role of low carbohydrate availability, further evidence of the interplay between mental health and REDs and more data elucidating the impact of LEA in males. Our knowledge of REDs signs and symptoms has resulted in updated Health and Performance Conceptual Models and the development of a novel Physiological Model. This Physiological Model is designed to demonstrate the complexity of either problematic or adaptable LEA exposure, coupled with individual moderating factors, leading to changes in health and performance outcomes. Guidelines for safe and effective body composition assessment to help prevent REDs are also outlined. A new REDs Clinical Assessment Tool-Version 2 is introduced to facilitate the detection and clinical diagnosis of REDs based on accumulated severity and risk stratification, with associated training and competition recommendations. Prevention and treatment principles of REDs are presented to encourage best practices for sports organisations and clinicians. Finally, methodological best practices for REDs research are outlined to stimulate future high-quality research to address important knowledge gaps.

• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Osteoarthritis in high level athletes - the landscape. I Della Villa, F & Susta, D (Red.), Football Medicine - The Pursuit of Excellence - Abstract book. Calzetti Maricci editori. ISSN 9788860286871.
• Moe, Morten Carsten; Özmert, Emin; Baudouin, Christophe; Binadra, Abhinav; Crafoord, Sven & Jo, Young [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus paper on sports-related ophthalmology issues in elite sports. BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. ISSN 2055-7647. 9(3). doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001644. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tveiten, Caroline Emilie Van Woensel Ko; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Fenstad, Anne Marie; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Engebretsen, Lars [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Major Increase in Incidence of Pediatric ACL Reconstructions From 2005 to 2021: A Study From the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 51(11), s. 2891–2899. doi: 10.1177/03635465231185742. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The incidence of pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is increasing in several countries. It is uncertain whether this trend applies to countries that traditionally prefer an initial nonoperative treatment approach whenever possible, like Norway. Nationwide, long-term patient-reported outcomes and revision rates after ACLR in the pediatric population are also lacking. Purpose: To determine the incidence of pediatric ACLR in Norway since 2005, as well as to detect trends in surgical details and describe patient-reported outcomes up to 10 years after ACLR. Study Design: Descriptive cohort study. Methods: This study is based on prospectively collected data on girls ≤14 years and boys ≤16 years, registered in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register at the time of their primary ACLR, between 2005 and 2021. The main outcome was the incidence of ACLR, adjusted to the corresponding population numbers for each year. The time trend was analyzed by comparing the mean of the first and last 3-year period (2005-2007 and 2019-2021). Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score preoperatively and at 2, 5, and 10 years postoperatively. Results: A total of 1476 patients (1484 cases) were included, with a mean follow-up of 8.1 years (range, 1-17). The incidence of pediatric ACLRs per 100,000 population increased from 18 to 26, which corresponds to an increase of 40% for boys and 55% for girls. Concurrent meniscal procedures increased significantly from 45% to 62%, and the proportion of meniscal repairs increased from 19% to 43% when comparing the first and last time period. The mean Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score values for the Sport and Recreation and Quality of Life subscales were between 72 and 75 at the 2-, 5- and 10-year follow-up. The 5-year revision rate was 9.9%. Conclusion: There was a major increase in incidence of pediatric ACLR in Norway during the study period. There was a shift in the approach to concomitant meniscal procedures from resection to repair, with more than a doubling of the proportion of meniscal repairs. Patient-reported outcomes revealed long-lasting reduced knee function.

• Bailey, Stuart John; Martindale, Russell; Engebretsen, Lars; Robson, James Peter & Palmer, Debbie (2023). Epidemiology of International Match Injuries in Scottish Rugby: A Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine (IJSM). ISSN 0172-4622. 44(11), s. 805–812. doi: 10.1055/a-2038-3452. Vis sammendrag

  Fifteen-a-side rugby union (“rugby”) is a full-contact sport played separately by men and women, with large injury incidences reported previously. Context specific injury surveillance fulfils governing bodies’ duty of care to understand risks to player welfare, yet no contemporary match injury epidemiology studies exist for international players in Scotland. The current study therefore aimed to describe the incidence, severity, burden and nature of match injuries sustained by Scotland’s men’s and women’s national teams. A prospective cohort study of injuries recorded in matches across the 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons was undertaken, with injury and exposure definitions in line with the international consensus for injury surveillance in rugby. Injury incidence was 120.0 (men) and 166.7/1,000 player match hours (women), injury severity was 12.0 (median) and 31.2 days (mean) for men, and 11.0 (median) and 30.2 days (mean) for women. Injury burden was 3,745 (men) and 5,040 days absence/1,000 player match hours (women). Concussion was the most common specific injury for men (22.5/1,000 hours) and women (26.7/1,000 hours). No statistical differences were found for incidence or severity measures between sexes. Injury incidence was greater than recent Rugby World Cup studies. High incidences of concussion reinforces the need for prevention strategies targeting this injury.

• Martin, R. Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Ceiling Effect of the Combined Norwegian and Danish Knee Ligament Registers Limits Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Outcome Prediction. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 51(9), s. 2324–2332. doi: 10.1177/03635465231177905. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Clinical tools based on machine learning analysis now exist for outcome prediction after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Relying partly on data volume, the general principle is that more data may lead to improved model accuracy. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to apply machine learning to a combined data set from the Norwegian and Danish knee ligament registers (NKLR and DKRR, respectively), with the aim of producing an algorithm that can predict revision surgery with improved accuracy relative to a previously published model developed using only the NKLR. The hypothesis was that the additional patient data would result in an algorithm that is more accurate. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Machine learning analysis was performed on combined data from the NKLR and DKRR. The primary outcome was the probability of revision ACLR within 1, 2, and 5 years. Data were split randomly into training sets (75%) and test sets (25%). There were 4 machine learning models examined: Cox lasso, random survival forest, gradient boosting, and super learner. Concordance and calibration were calculated for all 4 models. Results: The data set included 62,955 patients in which 5% underwent a revision surgical procedure with a mean follow-up of 7.6 ± 4.5 years. The 3 nonparametric models (random survival forest, gradient boosting, and super learner) performed best, demonstrating moderate concordance (0.67 [95% CI, 0.64-0.70]), and were well calibrated at 1 and 2 years. Model performance was similar to that of the previously published model (NKLR-only model: concordance, 0.67-0.69; well calibrated). Conclusion: Machine learning analysis of the combined NKLR and DKRR enabled prediction of the revision ACLR risk with moderate accuracy. However, the resulting algorithms were less user-friendly and did not demonstrate superior accuracy in comparison with the previously developed model based on patients from the NKLR alone, despite the analysis of nearly 63,000 patients. This ceiling effect suggests that simply adding more patients to current national knee ligament registers is unlikely to improve predictive capability and may prompt future changes to increase variable inclusion.

• Banovetz, Mark T.; Kennedy, Nicholas I.; LaPrade, Robert F.; Engebretsen, Lars & Moatshe, Gilbert (2023). Biomechanical considerations for graft choice in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Annals of Joint. ISSN 2415-6809. 8. doi: 10.21037/aoj-22-50.
• Onishi, Kentaro; Engebretsen, Lars; Budgett, Richard; Soligard, Torbjørn & Forster, Bruce B. (2023). The International Olympic Committee Venue Ultrasound Program: A Pilot Study from Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. ISSN 0894-9115. 102(5), s. 449–453. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002192. Vis sammendrag

  The objective of this pilot investigation was to describe the novel use of venue ultrasound at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. Portable laptop ultrasound machines were made available to cover seven Olympic sports at seven venues. The responses by both the National Olympic Committee personnel accompanying the medical room visits and by the examining physicians were recorded. Athletes were followed up until the end of the Olympic Games and the ultrasound diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. Fourteen athletes were evaluated using venue ultrasound and the recorded injuries included seven soft tissue, five osseous, and two nonmusculoskeletal injuries. From these, eight athletes were evaluated further by other imaging modalities, which indicated that the ultrasound provided an accurate diagnosis in all cases. All National Olympics Committee personnel reported increased diagnostic confidence and felt that venue ultrasound should be considered for future sports events. Furthermore, all evaluating physicians felt ultrasound was helpful in refining the diagnosis. The average years of sports ultrasound experience was 8.4 yrs and the average years of clinical sports medicine experience was 9.3 yrs among the physicians. In conclusion, the International Olympic Committee Venue Ultrasound Pilot Program showed promise in improving venue triaging, suggesting its role at future sports events.

• Birkenes, Thomas; Furnes, Ove Nord; Lygre, Stein Håkon Låstad; Solheim, Eirik Johan; Årøen, Asbjørn & Knutsen, Gunnar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). The Long-Term Risk of Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Arthroscopically Verified Focal Cartilage Lesions : A Linkage Study with the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, 1999 to 2020. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. ISSN 0021-9355. 105(12), s. 951–961. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.22.01174. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Focal cartilage lesions are common in the knee. The risk of later ipsilateral knee arthroplasty remains unknown. The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the long-term cumulative risk of knee arthroplasty after arthroscopic identification of focal cartilage lesions in the knee, to investigate the risk factors for subsequent knee arthroplasty, and to estimate the subsequent cumulative risk of knee arthroplasty compared with that in the general population. Methods: Patients who had undergone surgical treatment of focal cartilage lesions at 6 major Norwegian hospitals between 1999 and 2012 were identified. The inclusion criteria were an arthroscopically classified focal cartilage lesion in the knee, an age of ≥18 years at the time of surgery, and available preoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROMs). The exclusion criteria were osteoarthritis or “kissing lesions” at the time of surgery. Demographic data, later knee surgery, and PROMs were collected with use of a questionnaire. A Cox regression model was used to adjust for and investigate the impact of risk factors, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate cumulative risk. The risk of knee arthroplasty in the present cohort was compared with that in the age-matched general Norwegian population. Results: Of the 516 patients who were eligible, 322 patients (328 knees) consented to participate. The mean age at the time of the index procedure was 36.8 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 19.8 years. The 20-year cumulative risk of knee arthroplasty in the cartilage cohort was 19.1% (95% CI, 14.6% to 23.6%). Variables that had an impact on the risk of knee arthroplasty included an ICRS grade of 3 to 4 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.7), an age of ≥40 years at time of cartilage surgery (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8 to 7.7), a BMI of 25 to 29 kg/m2 (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 9.0), a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 (HR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.4 to 14.3) at the time of follow-up, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) at the time of the index procedure (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 11.4), >1 focal cartilage lesion (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.7), and a high preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain at the time of the index procedure (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.1). The risk ratio of later knee arthroplasty in the cartilage cohort as compared with the age-matched general Norwegian population was 415.7 (95% CI, 168.8 to 1,023.5) in the 30 to 39-year age group. Conclusions: In the present study, we found that the 20-year cumulative risk of knee arthroplasty after a focal cartilage lesion in the knee was 19%. Deep lesions, higher age at the time of cartilage surgery, high BMI at the time of follow-up, ACI, and >1 cartilage lesion were associated with a higher risk of knee arthroplasty.

• Toyooka, Seikai; Moatshe, Gilbert; Persson, Andreas & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Return to Pivoting Sports after Cartilage Repair Surgery of the Knee: A Scoping Review. Cartilage. ISSN 1947-6035. doi: 10.1177/19476035221141416. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective. to perform a scoping literature review evaluating and reporting on outcomes and return to pivoting sports after cartilage procedures. For this review, the following cartilage procedures were evaluated: microfracture, osteochondral autograft transplantation (Oat), osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCa), and autologous chondrocyte implantation (aCi). Design. the scoping review incorporated articles identified using PubMed (MeDliNe), CiNaHl, and Cochrane Central register of Controlled trials. Screening of reference lists of included studies and forward citation tracking were performed to identify additional studies. reported on return to pivoting sports after cartilage surgery written in english language. Results. Sixteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. the return to sports (rtS) rates after microfracture ranged from 44% to 83%, and to preinjury level from 25% to 75%. the rtS rates after Oat ranged from 87% to 100%, and to preinjury level from 67% to 93%. the rtS rates after OCa ranged from 77% to 80%, and to preinjury level 64%. the rtS rates after aCi ranged from 33% to 96%, and to preinjury level from 26% to 67%. Conclusions. there was a high heterogeneity and range in rates of rtS in athletes participating in pivoting sports. Most studies reported high rates of rtS; however, return to preinjury level was lower. these data may be important to clinicians in shared decision making on the type of procedure to be performed and counseling pivoting sports athletes on prognosis and expected rtS rates.

• Nilsen, Daniel Hoseth; Furnes, Ove Nord; Kroken, Gard; Robsahm, Trude Eid; Johnsen, Marianne Bakke & Engebretsen, Lars [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Risk of total hip arthroplasty after elite sport: Linking 3304 former world-class athletes with the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 57(1), s. 33–39. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105575. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: At present, there is no cure for osteoarthritis (OA), but severe hip joint degeneration can require total hip arthroplasty (THA). The literature on OA after elite sport is limited. We hypothesise that elite athletic activity increases the risk of receiving a THA later in life. Methods: We linked a cohort of former Norwegian world-class athletes (1402 females and 1902 males, active 1936–2006) to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (THA performed 1987–2020). We used standardised incidence ratio (SIR), one-minus Kaplan-Meier and relative Cox regression (relative HR, RHR), with 95% CIs, and funnel plots at age 75, to assess THA risk for different sport disciplines, joint impact categories of sport disciplines and sex. The risk of THA for the corresponding general Norwegian population was used as reference. Results: We found an overall increased risk for THA for the former elite athletes (SIR 2.11, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.40) at age 75 years, compared with the general population. THA risk at age 75 years was 11.6% for female athletes and 8.3% for male athletes. SIR was 1.90 (95% CI 1.49 to 2.31) for female and 2.28 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.70) for male athletes. Among males, high joint impact sport disciplines were associated with increased risk compared with low-impact sport disciplines (RHR 1.81, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.08, p=0.029). Conclusion: Having been an elite athlete was associated with a doubling of THA risk compared with the general population for both sexes. High joint impact sport disciplines were associated with subsequent THA for male athletes.

• Soligard, Torbjørn; Palmer, Debbie; Steffen, Kathrin; Lopes, Alexandre Dias; Grek, Natalia & Onishi, Kentaro [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). New sports, COVID-19 and the heat: sports injuries and illnesses in the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 57(1). doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106155. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the Tokyo Summer Olympic Games from 23 July to 8 August 2021. Methods: We recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues by the Tokyo 2020 medical staff. Results: In total, 11 315 athletes (5423 women, 48%; 5892 men, 52%) from 206 NOCs were followed up prospectively for the occurrence of injury and illness. NOC and Tokyo 2020 medical staff reported 1035 injuries and 438 illnesses, equalling 9.1 injuries and 3.9 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 9% of the athletes incurred at least one injury and 4% at least one illness. The incidence of injury was highest in boxing (27%), BMX racing (27%), BMX freestyle (22%), skateboarding (21%), karate (19%) and handball (18%), of which both BMX freestyle and skateboarding were new events, and lowest in diving, road cycling, rowing, marathon swimming and shooting (1–2%). Marathon and artistic swimming presented the highest illness incidences (both 8%), followed by skateboarding and karate (both 7%). In the study period, COVID-19 affected 18 athletes, accounting for 4% of all illnesses and 0.16% of all athletes. Exertional heat illness affected 78 athletes (18% of all illnesses, 0.7% of all athletes), the majority (88%) resulting in no time lost from sport. Conclusion: Overall, 9% of the athletes incurred an injury and 4% an illness during the Games. Comprehensive countermeasures helped mitigate both COVID-19 and exertional heat illnesses.

• Katagiri, Hiroki; Forster, Bruce B.; Engebretsen, Lars; An, Jae-Sung; Adachi, Takuya & Saida, Yukihisa [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Epidemiology of MRI-detected muscle injury in athletes participating in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105827. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: Muscle injury is one of the most common injuries occurring at the Olympic Games often with devastating consequences. Epidemiological injury surveillance is recognised by the IOC as essential for injury prevention and management. We aimed to describe the incidence, anatomical location and classification of MRI-detected muscle injuries in athletes who participated in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Methods: Two board-certified orthopaedic surgeons, highly experienced in reviewing MRIs, independently and retrospectively reviewed all MRIs collected at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games from clinical reports generated by board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists at the IOC Polyclinic. The presence and anatomical site of muscle injuries were classified as: type a: myofascial/peripheral; type b: muscle belly or musculotendinous junction; and type c: injury which extends into the tendon, with reference to the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification. Results: Fifty-nine MRI-detected muscle injuries were seen in 40 male and 19 female athletes. 24 athletes (41%) were unable to fully compete in their event. Fifty-two injuries (88%) involved lower extremity muscles with hamstring muscle injuries most common (32 of 59, 54%). Half of all muscle injuries occurred in athletes participating in athletics (30 of 59, 51%). 21 athletes (35%) sustained type a injuries, 14 athletes (24%) type b injuries and 24 athletes (41%) type c injuries. Of athletes with type c injuries, 18 (75%) did not complete their competition, a rate significantly higher than types a and b (OR 14.50, 95% CI 4.0 to 51.9, p<0.001). Conclusion: For athletes sustaining muscle injuries during the Olympic Games, our study demonstrates the prognostic relevance of muscle injury anatomical site and severity for predicting completion or non-completion of an Olympic athlete’s competition.

• Mouton, Caroline; Magosch, Amanda; Moksnes, Håvard; Janssen, Rob; Fink, Christian & Zaffagnini, Stefano [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Enlarging the evidence base for optimal treatment of paediatric ACL injuries the Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Initiative (PAMI). Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology. ISSN 0949-328X. 38(4), s. 413–423. doi: 10.1016/j.orthtr.2022.11.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children and adolescents are a relevant health and economic burden and their incidence increases at a higher rate than in adults. These injuries compromise the quality of life, affect the development of the knee joint as well as its future functionality, and may lead to early onset of osteoarthritis. Because of their young age, these patients are furthermore at high risk for secondary intraarticular soft tissue damage and re-injury of the ACL. The relatively small number of pediatric ACL injuries in single hospitals, necessitates international multicenter studies to collect meaningful prospective data and long-term outcomes in a young patient population. As a result, there are few high-quality studies on the treatment of pediatric ACL rupture, and the evidence base of current treatment recommendations is insufficient. Thus, the Paediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Monitoring Initiative (PAMI) was created in 2013. The registry is designed to collect and analyze data on the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injuries in children and adolescents and to provide a basis for the development of international evidence-based guidelines. Since 2018, patients with a skeletal age of 8-14 years in girls and 8-16 years in boys, respectively, have been recruited for the PAMI registry in various international centers, and the number of recruiting centers as well as the number of patients is increasing constantly. Analysis of the data from the first three years of the project provides epidemiological data and suggests initial trends. It is evident that the project is well established and in international demand. A future challenge is to ensure the long-term durability of PAMI and the dissemination of scientific findings.

• Schwellnus, Martin; Adami, Paolo Emilio; Bougault, Valerie; Budgett, Richard; Clemm, Hege Synnøve Havstad & Derman, Wayne [Vis alle 21 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 2: non-infective acute respiratory illness. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 56(19), s. 1089–1103. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105567.
• Visnes, Håvard; Gifstad, Tone; Persson, Andreas; Lygre, Stein Håkon Låstad; Engebretsen, Lars & Drogset, Jon Olav [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). ACL Reconstruction Patients Have Increased Risk of Knee Arthroplasty at 15 Years of Follow-up : Data from the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register and the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register from 2004 to 2020. JBJS Open Access. ISSN 2472-7245. 7(2), s. 1–7. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.22.00023. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background:  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is considered a risk factor for osteoarthritis. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the cumulative risk of, and risk factors associated with, a subsequent knee arthroplasty after an ACL reconstruction at up to 15 years of follow-up. The secondary aim was to compare the relative risk of knee arthroplasty after ACL reconstruction compared with that in the general population. Methods:  Data were analyzed by combining data from 2 national registries, the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register and the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. The cumulative risk of knee arthroplasty after undergoing ACL reconstruction was calculated as 1 minus the corresponding Kaplan-Meier estimate, and possible risk factors for knee arthroplasty after ACL reconstruction were assessed in a Cox regression model with hazard ratios (HRs) as estimated effect measurements. The relative risk of knee arthroplasty for patients managed with ACL reconstruction as compared with that in the general population was calculated in stratified age groups. Results:  From the study population of 27,122 knees, 115 knees underwent knee arthroplasty. We found a 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.4) cumulative risk of knee arthroplasty 15 years after ACL reconstruction. Deep cartilage injury, ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) grade 3 to 4 (HR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.1 to 7.6), revision of the ACL (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.2 to 7.1), and a 2-year postoperative KOOS Sport/Recreation subscore of <44 (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.2) were important risk factors for knee arthroplasty. We found a higher risk of knee arthroplasty at the age of 30 to 39 years after a previous ACL reconstruction as compared with the general population (relative risk, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 6.7). Conclusions:  Fifteen years after an ACL reconstruction, the overall cumulative risk of knee arthroplasty was 1.1%. Cartilage injury at the time of ACL reconstruction, revision ACL reconstruction, and a KOOS Sport/Recreation subscore of <44 (at 2 years postoperatively) were major risk factors for subsequent knee arthroplasty. We found a 3.3-times higher risk of knee arthroplasty at the age of 30 to 39 years after a previous ACL reconstruction as compared with that in the general population.

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• Putukian, Margot; Blauwet, Cheri; Currie, Alan; Gouttebarge, Vincent; McDuff, David & Mountjoy, Margo L [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Social media impact on athlete mental health: #RealityCheck. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107651.
• Toyooka, Seikai; Moatshe, Gilbert; Persson, Andreas & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Return to pivoting sports after cartilage repair surgery of the knee - a scoping review.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). The joy and pain of research.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Ceiling effect of the combined Norwegian and Danish Knee Ligament Registers limits anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction outcome prediction.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Unsupervised machine learning of the combined Danish and Norwegian Knee Ligament Registers identifies five discrete patient groups with differing ACL revision rates.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). What the last decade has taught us.
• Moatshe, Gilbert; Lind, Martin & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Panel discussion - MLKI cases.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). MLKI - one-stage or two-stage approach - my journey from two to one stage.
• Getgood, Alan; van Thiel, Geoffrey; Kane, Patrick & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Live demo - anatomic PLC - allograft vs single tendon autograft.
• LaPrade, Robert F. & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Live demo: Key surgical PLC anatomy and biomechanics.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Do we protect the gold medal winners? Me job as the scientific director of the International Olympic Committee.
• Brown, Charles & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Live demo: Key tips and tricks for a BTB harvest.
• LaPrade, Robert F. & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Course goals and review: Evidence-based anatomic repairs and reconstructions by course chairmen.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). What medical challenges are expected in the Games?
• Birkenes, Thomas; Furnes, Ove Nord; Lygre, Stein Håkon Låstad; Solheim, Eirik Tveit; Årøen, Asbjørn & Knutsen, Gunnar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Tidligere fokal bruskskade er assosiert med dårligere pasientrapportert resultat etter kneprotese .
• Urhausen, Anouk; Pedersen, Marie; Grindem, Hege; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Aune, Arne Kristian & Engebretsen, Lars [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Lav grad av artrose og gode pasientrapporterte utfall 10 år etter korsbåndskade – Delaware-Oslo ACL kohorten .
• Aga, Cathrine; Trøan, Ingrid; Tariq, Rana; Heir, Stig; Risberg, May Arna & Johansen, Steinar [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Ingen forskjell i artroseutvikling etter 5 år - anatomisk Double-bundle versus Singlebundle ACL rekonstruksjons teknikk.
• Tveiten, Caroline Emilie Van Woensel Ko; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Bache-Mathiesen, Lena Kristin; Persson, Andreas; Myklebust, Grethe & Engebretsen, Lars [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Kommer utøvere på alle nivåer tilbake til vridningsidrett etter ACL rekonstruksjon?
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Sideline management of ankle sprains - assessment and initial treatment.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). The scientific activities of the IOC Medical Commission.
• Urhausen, Anouk; Pedersen, Marie; Grindem, Hege; Gunderson, Ragnhild B.; Aune, Arne Kristian & Engebretsen, Lars [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Lav grad av artrose og gode pasientrapporterte utfall 10 år etter korsbåndskade – Delaware-Oslo ACL kohorten.
• Tveiten, Caroline Emilie Van Woensel Ko; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Bache-Mathiesen, Lena Kristin; Persson, Andreas; Myklebust, Grethe & Engebretsen, Lars [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Kommer utøvere på alle nivåer tilbake til vridningsidrett etter ACL rekonstruksjon?
• Randsborg, Per-Henrik; Brinchmann, Jan Engelsen; Owesen, Christian; Engebretsen, Lars; Birkenes, Thomas & Hanvold, Heidi Andreassen [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Bruskcelletransplantasjon vs. artroskopisk debridement av isolerte bruskskader i kneleddet. En RCT med 2 års oppfølging.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Update on the activities the IOC, including summary of recent consensus statements.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). The 10 most important principles to prevent and treat knee injuries in athletes.
• Rodriguez, Ariel N.; Falaas, Kari L.; Monson, Jill; Moatshe, Gilbert; Engebretsen, Lars & LaPrade, Robert F. (2023). Management of Posterolateral Corner Injury in the Multiligament Injured Knee. I Sherman, Seth L.; Chahla, Jorge; Rodeo, Scott & LaPrade, Robert F. (Red.), Knee Arthroscopy and Knee Preservation Surgery. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-82869-1. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-82869-1_41-1.
• Lundeen, Anna; LaPrade, Robert F. & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Knee Ligament Injuries. I Longo, Umile Giuseppe & Denaro, Vincenzo (Red.), Textbook of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Springer. ISSN 978-3-031-20986-4. s. 467–474. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-20987-1_53.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). The IOC ethics rule - what dos it mean for you?
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). What medical challenges are expected in the Games?
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). ACL Injury prevention strategies.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Injury and illness prevention at the Olympics.
• Mountjoy, Margo; Ackerman, Kathryn E.; Bailey, David M.; Burke, Louise M.; Constantini, Naama & Hackney, Anthony C. [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Avoiding the ‘REDs Card’. We all have a role in the mitigation of REDs in athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 57(17), s. 1063–1064. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106749.
• Steinacker, Jürgen M.; Van Mechelen, Willem; Bloch, Wilhelm; Börjesson, Mats; Casasco, Maurizio & Wolfarth, Bernd [Vis alle 113 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity: the Hamburg Declaration. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. ISSN 2052-4897. 9(3). doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001626. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Palmer, Debbie; Soligard, Torbjørn & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Behind the podium and the glory: the IOC Olympian Health Cohort. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 57(21), s. 1339–1340. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106830.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Osteoarthritis in high level athletes - the landscape.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Keynote lecture. Clinical translation: The intersection of science and medicine for better clinical outcomes with rapid translation .
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Summary and review of the course - group picture.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Opening & overview of the IOC projects to protect the health of the athletes.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Viktigheten av utenlandske relasjoner.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Stamcelleforskning - hvor står vi nå?
• Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Hva er prosessene i et degenerativt kne?
• Engebretsen, Lars; Seil, Romain & Karlsson, Jon (2023). Richard Steadman dies at 85. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. ISSN 0942-2056. 31(5), s. 1623–1624. doi: 10.1007/s00167-023-07362-7.
• Toyooka, Seikai; Villanger, Olaug; Kristiansen, Vibeke Røstad & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Clay-Shoveler Fracture of an Adolescent Tennis Player : A Case Report . JBJS Journal of Orthopaedics for Physician Assistants Statistics. ISSN 2470-1122. 11(2). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.JOPA.22.00027. Vis sammendrag

  Case: A 17-year-old male tennis player presented with persistent and increasing posterior neck pain. An overuse of tennis stroke motion resulted in a clay-shoveler fracture at the first thoracic vertebra. The patient was able to fully return to tennis after discontinuation of the causative motion and conservative treatment. Conclusions: This report presents a clay-shoveler fracture occurring in a tennis player. Although this fracture is rare in the modern era, it is characterized by its causative motion and site of occurrence. Knowing these characteristics, care should be taken not to miss it.

• Mansour, Damian; Strauss, Marc Jacob; Larmo, Arne Feilberg & Engebretsen, Lars (2023). Adolescent Athlete With Semimembranosus Tendinopathy Requiring Operative Intervention: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM). ISSN 2325-9671. 11(2). doi: 10.1177/23259671221147556.
• Moatshe, Gilbert & Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Knee dislocations with vascular injuries. Kirurgen. ISSN 1504-8888. s. 202–205.
• Persson, Andreas; Løken, Sverre Bertrand; Engebretsen, Lars & Moatshe, Gilbert (2022). Kneluksasjon - diagnostikk og initial behandling. Kirurgen. ISSN 1504-8888. 4, s. 198–201.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Scientific activities of the department.
• LaPrade, Robert F.; Geeslin, Andrew G.; Chahla, Jorge; Cohen, Moises; Engebretsen, Lars & Faucett, Scott C. [Vis alle 20 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Posterior Lateral Meniscal Root and Oblique Radial Tears: The Biomechanical Evidence Supports Repair of These Tears, Although Long-Term Clinical Studies Are Necessary. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopy And Related. ISSN 0749-8063. 38(12), s. 3095–3101. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.09.015.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Predicting anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction revision - external validation of a machine learning algorithm.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Predicting subjective failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - a machine learning analysis of a national knee ligament registry.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Why doctors should participate by the sports field and how to utilize its research data.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Er det farlig for helsa å vinne gull i OL?
• Birkenes, Thomas; Furnes, Ove Nord; Lygre, Stein Håkon Låstad; Solheim, Eirik; Årøen, Asbjørn & Knutsen, Gunnar [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The long-term risk of knee arthroplasty after arthroscopically verified focal cartilage lesions in the knee.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). The history and context of the global Concussion in Sport Consensus Statements.
• Ekås, Guri Ranum; Moksnes, Håvard & Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Pediatric ACL monitoring initative - i Norge og Europa.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Unsupervised Machine learning of the combined Danish and Norwegian knee ligament registers for ACL revision rates.
• Martin, Richard Kyle; Wastvedt, Solvejg; Pareek, Ayoosh; Persson, Andreas; Visnes, Håvard & Fenstad, Anne Marie [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Ceiling effect of the combined Norwegian and Danish Knee Ligament Registers limits ACL outcome prediction.
• Erdener, Uğur & Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Welcome and conference opening.
• Tandberg, Alexander; Zegzdryn, Marek; Aga, Cathrine; Lygre, Stein Håkon Låstad; Gifstad, Tone & Drogset, Jon Olav [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Sammenligning av kortikal fiksasjon versus skruefiksasjon for patellarsenegraft i femur - Skandinavisk registerstudie med over 14.000 pasienter.
• Ekås, Guri Ranum; Engebretsen, Lars & Moksnes, Håvard (2022). Pediatric ACL Monitoring Initative - i Norge og Europa.
• Engebretsen, Lars & LaPrade, Robert (2022). Double-bundle PCL reconstruction.
• Engebretsen, Lars & LaPrade, Robert (2022). Anatomic PLC reconstruction.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Anatomic posteromedial corner reconstruction.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). ACL reconstruction and anterolateral tenodesis.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Meniscal root repair.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Root repair.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). The activities of the IOC Medical and Scientific Department.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). The scientific activities of the IOC Medical Commission.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). How does the International Olympic Committee (IOC) work to safeguard the health of the Olympians?
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). Injury prevention is successful.
• Engebretsen, Lars & Lee, Dave (2022). The ultimate knee injury from sport venues to the operating theatres.
• Engebretsen, Lars (2022). My developing approach in knee cartilage injury.

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