Elin Olaug Rosvold

• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Møller, Britta; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Brænd, Anja Maria (2022). A preliminary simulation‑based qualitative study of healthcare students’ experiences of interprofessional primary care scenarios. Advances in Simulation. 7(1). doi: 10.1186/s41077-022-00204-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Introducing interprofessional education (IPE) in healthcare curricula can prepare students for healthcare practices that have become increasingly complex. The use of simulation is promoted to support IPE. This study explores healthcare students’ experiences of participating in common, sub-acute patient scenarios that routinely occur in clinical practice in primary care. More specifically, it looks at how sub-acute patient scenarios from primary care can help develop interprofessional collaborative competence. Methods: Medical students (N=10), master’s students in advanced geriatric nursing (N=8) and bachelor’s students in nursing (N=9) participated in the simulations. The students were in their last or second-to-last year of education. We conducted five semi-structured focus group interviews with the participants’ directly after the simulation training to elicit experiences related to the scenarios, the simulation and interprofessional collaboration. The transcripts were analysed using systematic text condensation. To supplement the focus group interviews, the students also completed the interprofessional collaborative competency attainment survey (ICCAS), which measures the students’ self-assessed interprofessional competence. Results: Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the focus group interviews: Realism, Uncertainty, and Reflection. The students emphasised the importance of authentic and recognisable scenarios. They said the vague and unspecific patient symptoms created uncertainty in the situation, making it difficult to understand the patient’s diagnosis. Despite that uncertainty, they described the experience as positive. Further, the students expressed that the simulation increased their confidence in interprofessional collaboration and prepared them for future work. The results from the ICCAS questionnaire showed that the students reported a subjective positive change in their interprofessional competence after participating in the scenarios. Conclusions: This study showed that simulation-based IPE with sub-acute primary care scenarios contributes to develop interprofessional collaborative competence in healthcare education. Sub-acute scenarios can supplement the more common approaches with acute-care scenarios and aid in developing the collaborative competence required to work in healthcare teams.

• Lundin, Knut Erik Aslaksen; Røsjø, Helge Rørvik; Myhren, Hilde; Kvale, Dag & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2021). Legeutdanning i en pandemitid. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 141. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0581. Full text in Research Archive
• Svensberg, K.; Kalleberg, Birgitte Grøstad; Rosvold, E.O.; Mathiesen, Liv; Wøien, H. & Hove, L.H. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Interprofessional education on complex patients in nursing homes: a focus group study. BMC Medical Education. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02867-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background An ageing population leads up to increasing multi-morbidity and polypharmacy. This demands a comprehensive and interprofessional approach in meeting patients’ complex needs. This study describes graduate students’ experiences of working practice based in interprofessional teams with complex patients’ care needs in nursing homes. Method Students from advanced geriatric nursing, clinical nutrition, dentistry, medicine and pharmacy at the University of Oslo in Norway were assigned to groups to examine and develop a care plan for a nursing home patient during a course. Focus groups were used, 21 graduate students participating in four groups. Data were collected during spring 2018, were inductively analysed according to a thematic analysis method (Systematic Text Condensation). An analytical framework of co-ordination practices was applied to get an in-depth understanding of the data. Results Three themes were identified: 1) Complex patients as learning opportunities- an eye-opener for future interprofessional collaboration 2) A cobweb of relations, and 3) Structural facilitators for new collective knowledge. Graduate university students experienced interprofessional education (IPE) on complex patients in nursing homes as a comprehensive learning arena. Overall, different co-ordination practices for work organization among the students were identified. Conclusions IPE in nursing homes facilitated the students’ scope from a fragmented approach of the patients towards a relational and collaborative practice that can improve patient care and strengthen understanding of IPE. The study also demonstrated the need for preparatory teamwork training to gain maximum benefit from the experience. Something that can be organized by the education institutions in the form of a stepwise learning module and as an online pre-training course in interprofessional teamwork. Further, focusing on the need for well thought through processes of the activity by the institutions and the timing the practice component in students’ curricula. This could ensure that IPE is experienced more efficient by the students.

• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Brænd, Anja Maria (2021). Exploring healthcare students' interprofessional teamwork in primary care simulation scenarios: collaboration to create a shared treatment plan. BMC Medical Education. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02852-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Primary care providers assume responsibility for patients with increasingly complex problems requiring interprofessional collaboration. Introducing interprofessional education in healthcare curricula prepares healthcare students for this reality. Solving simulation scenarios as an educational strategy is promoted to support interprofessional education in health care, and is mostly used in acute clinical situations. This paper aims to explore how healthcare students’ actions influence interprofessional collaboration and treatment plan identification when they solve common, sub-acute patient scenarios in primary care situations. Methods Interaction analysis of video recordings from the simulation scenarios was performed with a focus on the students’ joint actions; specifically how these actions unfold and how productive the students were in terms of developing treatment plans. Results We found variation in the groups’ interactions, the paths they followed, and the quality of their knowledge output in their shared treatment plan. The groups with the capacity to collaborate and engage in sharing information, and explain and elaborate on concepts, were more successful in developing comprehensive treatment plans. Furthermore, these groups managed the duality of defining and solving the immediate problem and collaboratively preparing for future care. Conclusions Analysis of the activities in our scenarios showed the students’ potential to practice interprofessional collaboration. Our study illustrates that simulation of sub-acute scenarios in primary care is an underexplored but suitable arena to train communication and teamwork in complex situations. The simulation scenarios are also feasible for use on-site in an educational facility or in practice with minimal equipment and resources.

• Lunde, Lene; Baerheim, Anders; Johannessen, Ane; Aase, Ingunn; Almendingen, Kari & Andersen, Irene Aasen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Evidence of validity for the Norwegian version of the interprofessional collaborative competency attainment survey (ICCAS). Journal of Interprofessional Care. ISSN 1356-1820. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1080/13561820.2020.1791806. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This was a validation study of the Norwegian version of The Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS). ICCAS consists of 20 retrospective pre- and post-questions, where respondents rate their agreement with regard to self-assessed competencies after participating in interprofessional education courses. It has been validated across various settings. The questionnaire was translated using the back-translation technique. We investigated evidence of validity regarding content, response process, and internal structure. Data were obtained from health and social care students (n = 1440, response rate 42.8%) participating in 12 different interprofessional courses in seven education institutions in Norway using a cross-sectional design. Exploratory factor analysis indicated one retracted factor for pre-scores and one retracted factor for post-scores. High McDonald’s omega values indicated good internal consistency. Item deletion did not improve the scale’s overall consistency on pre- or post-scores. We observed higher mean post-scores than pre-scores with moderate-to-large effect sizes, indicating a positive change in self-assessed interprofessional capabilities after training. Our findings indicate that the Norwegian version of ICCAS is a valid tool that may be implemented across a wide range of interprofessional education courses. Finally, our findings support earlier recommendations that ICCAS should be analyzed at an overall level to address change in interprofessional capabilities.

• Ore, Stephan; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Hellesø, Ragnhild (2019). Lessons learned from introducing huddle boards to involve nursing staff in targeted observation and reporting of medication effect in a nursing home. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. Volume 2019(12), p. 43–50. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S182872. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Medication administration and management in nursing homes can occur during all phases of the medication process. The aim of this study was to investigate if an introduction of a systematic use of huddle board led to an increased amount of documentation in the patient record of observations of effects and side effects following a change in medication. Methods: A three-layer intervention approach combining huddle boards, educating the entire staff in medication observation and documentation, and frequent feedback to the staff about the outcome was applied. A standard was set for the expected reporting. Correlation between expected and actual reporting as an average was calculated and the staff received weekly updates on their observation–reporting results. Results: The huddle board became a hub in providing an overview of the expectations of observations. To visualize the impact of the intervention, use of a run chart gave comprehensive information about the extent to which the expected goal of documentation was reached. Four different organizational steps and one individual action in the last step were taken to improve the observation–reporting. The identifying of the nonreporting nurses and individual staff guidance to these nurses resulted in a significant improvement in observation–reporting. The expected goal of 100% average reporting was achieved 6 months after all wards were included in the improvement project. Conclusion: The combination of huddle boards, educating the entire staff in observation and documentation, and frequent feedback to the staff about the outcome proved to be a useful approach in medication safety work in nursing homes.

• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). Learning clinical assessment and interdisciplinary team collaboration in primary care. MOOC for healthcare practitioners and students. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 250. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-872-3-68. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Novel ways to build sufficient capacity to meet the need for competent healthcare providers in primary care are in strong demand. We developed a massive, open, online course (MOOC) to introduce and promote clinical skills development for healthcare workers (physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, and nurse aids) and students in healthcare education (medical students and master and bachelor students in nursing) focusing on systematic health assessment and strengthening clinical decision making in primary care. Results from the pilot supports that the MOOC was relevant and highly useful for the participants, and has potential to contribute to interdisciplinary collaboration and discussions.

• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). Patients´ and GPs´ expectations regarding healthcare-seeking behavior: a Norwegian comparative study. British Journal of General Practice Open. doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen18X101615. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background GPs are Norwegian patients' first contact point with the healthcare system for most medical problems. However, little is known regarding GPs' expectations towards their patients' healthcare-seeking behaviour, or whether doctors and patients have coinciding expectations of what GPs can do for their patients. Aim To investigate patients' and GPs’ expectations regarding patients’ healthcare-seeking behaviour in primary care, and to make comparisons between the two. Design & setting Norwegian data from the Quality and Costs of Primary Care in Europe (QUALICOPC) questionnaire study, with information from GPs and their patients. Method Binary logistic regression was used to investigate associations between expectations, sex and age of GPs and patients, list size, and geographical location of practice. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Expectation differences between GPs and patients were analysed using generalised estimating equations (GEEs). Due to multiple testing, Bonferroni correction was used to define significance level at P≤0.002. Results In total, 198 GPs (39.1% female) and 1529 patients (61.9% female) responded. No associations with sex or age were found for the GPs' expectations regarding patients' healthcare-seeking behaviour. Among patients, fewer males than females expected that most people would see their GP for sprained ankle (OR 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5 to 0.9), finger cut (OR 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4 to 0.7), smoking cessation (OR 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5 to 0.8), or anxiety (OR 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3 to 0.6). Older patients (aged >65 years) found it more important than younger patients to see a doctor in the presence of medical symptoms. GPs had higher expectations than their patients that people in general would see them for deteriorated vision (OR 4.2, 95% CI = 2.5 to 6.9), sexual problems (OR 1.8, 95% CI =1.3 to 2.6), and anxiety (OR 3.0, 95% CI =1.5 to 6.0). Conclusion For several common health problems, males are less likely than females to believe that people will see their GP. GPs may overestimate to what degree their patients will see them for a number of common medical problems.

• Sundseth, Anne Cathrine; Gjelstad, Svein; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). General practitioners' prescriptions of benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics and opioid analgesics for elderly patients during direct and indirect contacts. A cross-sectional, observational study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 36(2), p. 115–122. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2018.1459164. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  OBJECTIVE: To describe Norwegian general practitioners' (GPs') prescription patterns of benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics and opioid analgesics (BZO-drugs) to elderly (≥70 years) patients. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Cross sectional, observational study. Contact- and prescription data from 148 Norwegian GPs, issued for elderly patients during eight months in 2008. GP-patient contacts were categorized as direct contacts (DC: face-to-face consultations) or indirect contacts (IC: via third party, phone or mail). Explanatory variables were characteristics linked to the GPs, patients, and practices. During analyses, GPs' number of listed patients, share of which for elderly patients, and total number of patient consultations during the period (proxy for practice activity), were categorized in quintiles (Q1-5) by number of GPs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of BZO-drug prescriptions and quantities issued during direct- and indirect GP-patient contacts. RESULTS: In total, 62% of BZO-prescriptions were issued during ICs. Of all prescriptions, 66% were large quantum packages (50 tablets or more), 62% out of which were prescribed during ICs. During the study period, 50% of the patients received repeat prescriptions. Prescribing during ICs was associated with low over all practice activity (Q1) and many (Q5) older patients on the GP's lists. CONCLUSION: GPs' BZO-drug prescribing to elderly occur more frequently during ICs than within DCs, and are more commonly issued as large quantity packages. This indicates that regular- or long-term use among elderly is common, contrasting with previous and current national guidelines, which recommend regular clinical assessments and short time or intermittent use of BZO-drugs. Key Points GPs frequently prescribe benzodiazepines, Z-hypnotics and opioid (BZO) drugs for elderly people. BZO-drugs are frequently issued during indirect GP-patient contacts and in relatively large quantities, indicating regular or long-term use. GPs' BZO-drug prescribing patterns contrast with national guidelines recommending clinical assessment and short time or intermittent use of BZO-drugs.

• Grønddahl, Jan Robert; Fossdal, Øystein; Hauge-Iversen, Torgeir; Husebye, Einar; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Kongshavn, Trygve (2018). Innleggelser i medisinsk avdeling – hvem legger inn og hvorfor. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(8), p. 727–733. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0516. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BAKGRUNN Hensikten med denne studien var å kartlegge grunnlaget for innleggelser ved en stor medisinsk avdeling i Norge. Vi har vurdert mulige alternativer til innleggelse og hvorvidt triagering kan bidra til å identifisere aktuelle pasienter. MATERIALE OG METODE Alle innleggelser ved Medisinsk avdeling ved Drammen sykehus i en full uke høsten 2014 ble registrert med pasientens alder, kjønn, liggetid, innleggende lege/instans, hvor vedkommende ble innlagt fra og diagnose ved innleggelse og utskrivning. Alternativer til innleggelse vurdert ut fra tilstanden ved avreise fra primærhelsetjenesten ble systematisk evaluert av to fastleger og en erfaren lege ved medisinsk avdeling ved gjennomgang av innleggelsesskrivene. Pasientene ble triagert i akuttmottaket umiddelbart etter ankomst, og tilstandens alvorlighetsgrad ble sammenholdt med mulige alternativer til innleggelse. RESULTATER Studien omfattet 255 innleggelser (52 % kvinner, gjennomsnittsalder 62 år). Innleggende lege var i 57 % av tilfellene fra primærhelsetjenesten (fastlege 26 %, legevakt 31 %) og i 24 %fra spesialisthelsetjenesten. Innleggelsen var uten direkte legehenvisning i 18 % av tilfellene. De hyppigste innleggelsesdiagnosene var hjertesykdommer (38 %), lungesykdommer (11 %) og infeksjoner (9 %). Hos 7 % av de pasientene som var innlagt av primærlege (fastlege/legevaktlege), fant vi mulige alternativer til innleggelse, oftest innleggelse i kommunal akutt døgnplass (KAD). Det var ingen sammenheng mellom triagering og alternativ til innleggelse. FORTOLKNING Andelen innleggelser fra fastlege var høyere enn i tilsvarende studier. Én av 15 innleggelser (7 %) ble vurdert som aktuell for alternativ. Triagering skiller ikke ut pasientforløp som er egnet for alternativ til innleggelse.

• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund; Björkelund, Cecilia; Kosunen, Elise; Thorgeirsson, Ofeigur & Vedsted, Peter [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Differences in medical services in Nordic general practice: a comparative survey from the QUALICOPC study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 35(2), p. 153–161. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1333323. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: We aim to describe medical services provided by Nordic general practitioners (GPs), and to explore possible differences between the countries. Design and setting: We did a comparative analysis of selected data from the Nordic part of the study Quality and Costs of Primary Care in Europe (QUALICOPC). Subjects: A total of 875 Nordic GPs (198 Norwegian, 80 Icelandic, 97 Swedish, 212 Danish and 288 Finnish) answered identical questionnaires regarding their practices. Main outcome measures: The GPs indicated which equipment they used in practice, which procedures that were carried out, and to what extent they were involved in treatment/follow-up of a selection of diagnoses. Results: The Danish GPs performed minor surgical procedures significantly less frequent than GPs in all other countries, although they inserted IUDs significantly more often than GPs in Iceland, Sweden and Finland. Finnish GPs performed a majority of the medical procedures more frequently than GPs in the other countries. The GPs in Iceland reported involvement in a more narrow selection of conditions than the GPs in the other countries. The Finnish GPs had more advanced technical equipment than GPs in all other Nordic countries. Conclusions: GPs in all Nordic countries are well equipped and offer a wide range of medical services, yet with a substantial variation between countries. There was no clear pattern of GPs in one country doing consistently more procedures, having consistently more equipment and treating a larger diversity of medical conditions than GPs in the other countries. However, structural factors seemed to affect the services offered.

• Spehar, Ivan; Sjøvik, Hege; Karevold, Knut Ivar; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Frich, Jan C (2017). General practitioners' views on leadership roles and challenges in primary health care: a qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 35(1), p. 105–110. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1288819. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: To explore general practitioners’ (GPs) views on leadership roles and leadership challenges in general practice and primary health care. Design: We conducted focus groups (FGs) with 17 GPs. Setting: Norwegian primary health care. Subjects: 17 GPs who attended a 5 d course on leadership in primary health care. Results: Our study suggests that the GPs experience a need for more preparation and formal training for the leadership role, and that they experienced tensions between the clinical and leadership role. GPs recognized the need to take on leadership roles in primary care, but their lack of leadership training and credentials, and the way in which their practices were organized and financed were barriers towards their involvement. Conclusions: GPs experience tensions between the clinical and leadership role and note a lack of leadership training and awareness. There is a need for a more structured educational and career path for GPs, in which doctors are offered training and preparation in advance.

• Nordhagen, Hans Petter; Harvey, Samuel B.; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Bruusgaard, Dag; Blonk, Robbert & Mykletun, Arnstein (2017). Case-specific colleague guidance for general practitioners’ management of sickness absence. Occupational Medicine. ISSN 0962-7480. 67(8), p. 644–647. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqx120. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background General practitioners (GPs) report sickness absence certification as challenging. They express need for support with functional assessment beyond guidelines and reforms. Case-specific collegial oneto- one guidance for other clinical topics has proved popular with GPs and may be an acceptable and effective way to improve GPs skills and competence in sickness absence certification. Aims To present a new model of case-specific colleague guidance focusing on the management of longterm sickness absence and to describe its feasibility in terms of application and reception among GPs, and also GPs’ self-reports of effects on their practice. Methods Randomly selected GPs received case-specific collegial guidance over a 12-month period, in two Norwegian trials, delivered by former GPs employed by the social security administration. We measured reception and perceived effects by GPs’ self-report and registered participation and withdrawal rates. Results The participation rate (n = 165) was 94%, and no GPs withdrew during training. Among the 116 GPs responding to the survey (70%), 112 (97%; 95% CI 92–99) stated they would recommend it to their colleagues. Considerable benefit from the guidance was reported by 68 (59%; 95% CI 50–68). The GPs self-reported other effects on their sickness absence certification, specifically an increased use of part-time sickness absence (Fit-Note equivalent). Conclusions This model of case-specific colleague guidance to aid GPs’ management of long-term sickness absence is feasible and was popular. This type of guidance was perceived by GPs to be somewhat beneficial and to alter their sickness absence certification behaviour, though the true impact requires further testing in controlled trials. Key words Absenteeism; colleague-based guidance; Fit-Notes; general practitioner; occupational health; occupational health physicians; partial sickness absence; sickness absence.

• Lagerløv, Per; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Holager, Tonja & Helseth, Sølvi (2016). How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: A Qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics. BMJ Open. 6(3). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010184. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: The aim of this study was to describe how different adolescents experience and manage pain in their daily life, with a focus on their use of over-the- counter analgesics. More specifically, the aim was to explore different patterns among the adolescents in pain descriptions, in the management of pain, in relationships with others, and in their daily life. Design: Qualitative semistructured interviews on experiences with pain, pain management and involvement of family and friends during pain. Pain and stress management strategies and attachment theory will be in focus for interpretations. Participants and setting: 25 participants aged 15 – 16-years from six different junior high schools, both genders, with and without immigrant background were interviewed at their local schools in Norway. Results: We identified 4 groups of adolescents with similarities in attitudes and management strategies to pain: ‘ pain is manageable ’ , ‘ pain is communicable ’ , ‘ pain is inevitable ’ and ‘ pain is all over ’ . The participants within each group differed in how they engaged their parents in pain; how they perceived, communicated and managed pain; and how they involved emotions and used over-the-counter analgesics. Conclusions: The adolescents ’ different involvement with the family during pain related to their pain perception and management. Knowledge of the different ways of approaching pain is important when supporting adolescents and may be a subject for further research on the use of over-the-counter analgesics in the family.

• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund; Melbye, Hasse; Rørtveit, Guri; Hetlevik, Irene & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Patient experiences and the association with organizational factors in general practice: Results from the Norwegian part of the international, multi-centre, cross-sectional QUALICOPC study. BMC Health Services Research. 16(428). doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1684-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background General practitioners (GPs) constitute a vital part of a strong primary health care system. We need further knowledge concerning factors that may affect the patients’ experiences in their meetings with the GPs. We investigated to what degree organizational factors and GP characteristics are associated with patients’ communicative experiences in a consultation. Methods We used data from the Norwegian part of the international, multi-center study Quality and Costs of Primary Care in Europe (QUALICOPC). We included 198 Norwegian GPs and 1529 patients. The patients completed a survey concerning experiences in a consultation with a GP on the inclusion day. The GPs completed a survey regarding organizational aspects of their own practice. Main outcome measures were seven statements concerning how the patients experienced the communication with the GP during the consultation. A generalized estimating equation logistic regression model was used to identify variations in patient experiences associated with characteristics of the GPs and their practices. Results The patients reported overall positive experiences with their GP consultations. Patients who consulted a GP with a short patient list were less likely than patients who consulted a GP with a medium sized list to regard the GP as polite (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.2; 95 % CI 0.1–0.7), to report that the GP asked questions about their health problems (OR 0.6; 0.4–1.0) or that the GP used sufficient time (OR 0.5; CI 0.3–0.9). Patients who consulted a GP with a long patient list compared to patients who consulted a GP with a medium sized list were less likely to feel that they could cope better after the GP visit (OR 0.5; 0.3–0.9) and more likely to feel that the GP hardly looked at them while talking (OR 1.8; 1.0–3.0). No associations with patient experiences were found with the average duration of the consultations, whether the GP worked in a fee-for-service model or whether the GP was the patient’s regular doctor. Conclusions Norwegian patients report predominantly positive experiences when consulting a GP. Positive communication experiences are most likely to be reported when the GP has a medium sized patient list.

• Homlong, Lisbeth; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Sagatun, Åse; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Haavet, Ole Rikard (2015). Living with mentally ill parents during adolescence: a risk factor for future welfare dependence? A longitudinal, population-based study. BMC Public Health. 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1734-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Living with parents suffering from mental illness can influence adolescents’ health and well-being, and adverse effects may persist into adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents’ mental health problems reported by their 15–16-year-old adolescents, the potential protective effect of social support and long-term dependence on public welfare assistance in young adulthood. Methods The study linked data from a youth health survey conducted during 1999–2004 among approximately 14 000 15–16-year-olds to data from high-quality, compulsory Norwegian registries that followed each participant through February 2010. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios for long-term welfare dependence in young adulthood based on several risk factors in 15–16-year-olds, including their parents’ mental health problems. Results Of the total study population, 10% (1397) reported having parents who suffered from some level of mental health problems during the 12 months prior to the baseline survey; 3% (420) reported that their parents had frequent mental health problems. Adolescent report of their parents’ mental health problems was associated with the adolescents’ long-term welfare dependence during follow-up, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.49 (CI 1.29–1.71), 1.82 (1.44–2.31) and 2.13 (CI 1.59–2.85) for some trouble, moderate trouble and frequent trouble, respectively, compared with report of no trouble with mental health problems. The associations remained significant after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, although additionally correcting for the adolescents’ own health status accounted for most of the effect. Perceived support from family, friends, classmates and teachers was analysed separately and each was associated with a lower risk of later welfare dependence. Family and classmate support remained a protective factor for welfare dependence after correcting for all study covariates (HR 0.84, CI 0.78–0.90 and 0.80, 0.75–0.85). We did not find evidence supporting a hypothesized buffering effect of social support. Conclusions Exposure to a parent’s mental health problem during adolescence may represent a risk for future welfare dependence in young adulthood. Perceived social support, from family and classmates in particular, may be a protective factor against future long-term welfare dependence.

• Homlong, Lisbeth; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Bruusgaard, Dag; Lien, Lars; Sagatun, Åse & Haavet, Ole Rikard (2015). A prospective population-based study of health complaints in adolescence and use of social welfare benefits in young adulthood. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 43(6), p. 629–637. doi: 10.1177/1403494815589862. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: There is a lack of knowledge on how health problems in adolescence are connected to work marginalization in adulthood. The aim of this study was to study work marginalization in young adulthood, measured by use of long-term social welfare benefits, and its associations with self-reported health complaints, total symptom burden and self-rated general health at ages 15–16. Methods: We linked data from a youth health survey conducted during 1999–2004 to data from Norwegian registries that followed each participant through February 2010. Cox regression analysis was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for the use of long-term social welfare benefits in young adulthood, based on health measures in 15–16 year-olds. Results: During the follow-up, 17% of the study population received some sort of long-term social welfare benefit. In the baseline survey, 95% of the adolescents reported one or more health complaints. The mean number of health complaints was 4.8. Girls reported a significantly higher mean number of complaints (5.7) than did boys (3.8) (p < 0.001). Several individual health complaints were associated with an increased use of long-term social welfare benefits. We found an increasing relative hazard of social welfare usage, depending on the number of complaints reported at baseline. Ill self-perceived general health was found to be strongly associated with the use of benefits during the follow-up: In girls, we found HRs of 1.41 (CI 1.21–1.65), 2.76 (2.29–3.31) and 2.77 (1.51–5.07) for those with good, not so good and bad health, respectively; compared to very good health. The corresponding numbers in boys were 1.41 (1.25–1.59), 1.93 (1.60–2.32) and 1.31 (0.72–2.38), respectively. Conclusions: Several health measures in adolescents were found to be associated with future work marginalization in young adulthood. The associations remained significant, even after correcting for such strong predictors as the parents’ education and family economy. Total symptom burden and self-perceived general health can add additional knowledge onto how adolescent health is related to work marginalization, in a longitudinal perspective

• Halvorsen, Tori Flaatten; Haavet, Ole Rikard; Rydså, Birgit-Johanne; Skarbø, Tove & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2014). Pasienterfaringer med allmennlegers oppfølging ved alvorlig spiseforstyrrelse. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134(21), p. 2047–2051. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.1222. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjelsvik, Bjørn E.; Straand, Jørund; Hunskaar, Steinar; Dalen, Ingvild & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2014). Use and discontinued use of menopausal hormone therapy by healthy women in Norway: The Hordaland women's cohort study. Menopause. ISSN 1072-3714. 21(5), p. 459–468. doi: 10.1097/GME.0b013e3182a11f2d. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvorsen, Tori Flaatten; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Rydså, Birgit-Johanne; Skarbø, Tove & Haavet, Ole Rikard (2014). Kommunikasjon om spiseforstyrrelsessymptomer på allmennlegekontoret. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134(21), p. 2052–2056. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.1223. Full text in Research Archive
• Homlong, Lisbeth; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Haavet, Ole Rikard (2013). Can use of healthcare services among 15–16-year-olds predict an increased level of high school dropout? A longitudinal community study. BMJ Open. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003125. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives To study associations between healthcare seeking in 15–16-year-olds and high school dropout 5 years later. Design Longitudinal community study. Setting Data from a comprehensive youth health survey conducted in 2000–2004, linked to data from national registries up to 2010. Participants 13 964 10th grade secondary school students in six Norwegian counties. Main outcome measure Logistic regression was used to compute ORs for high school dropout. Results The total proportion of students not completing high school 5 years after registering was 29% (girls 24%, boys 34%). Frequent attenders to school health services and youth health clinics at age 15–16 years had a higher dropout rate (37/48% and 45/71%), compared with those with no or moderate use. Adolescents referred to mental health services were also more likely to drop out (47/62%). Boys with moderate use of a general practitioner (GP) had a lower dropout rate (30%). A multiple logistic regression analysis, in which we adjusted for selected health indicators and sociodemographic background variables, revealed that seeking help from the youth health clinic and consulting mental health services, were associated with increased level of high school dropout 5 years later. Frequent attenders (=4 contacts) had the highest odds of dropping out. Yet, boys who saw a GP and girls attending the school health services regularly over the previous year were less likely than their peers to drop out from high school. Conclusions Adolescents who seek help at certain healthcare services can be at risk of dropping out of high school later. Health workers should pay particular attention to frequent attenders and offer follow-up when needed. However, boys who attended a GP regularly were more likely to continue to high school graduation, which may indicate a protective effect of having a regular and stable relationship with a GP.

• Skarstein, Siv; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Helseth, Sølvi; Kvarme, Lisbeth Gravdal; Holager, Tonja & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). High-frequency use of over-the-counter analgesics among adolescents: reflections of an emerging difficult life, a cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. ISSN 0283-9318. 28(1), p. 49–56. doi: 10.1111/scs.12039. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjerkinn, Bjørg; Lindbæk, Morten & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2012). Behaviour among children of substance-abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway, as assessed by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. ISSN 0283-9318. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2012.01030.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjelsvik, Bjørn E.; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Straand, Jørund; Dalen, Ingvild & Hunskaar, Steinar (2011). Symptom prevalence during menopause and factors associated with symptoms and menopausal age. Results from the Norwegian Hordaland Women's Cohort study. Maturitas. ISSN 0378-5122. 70(4), p. 383–390. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.09.011. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjelsvik, Bjørn E.; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Straand, Jørund; Dalen, Ingvild & Hunskaar, Steinar (2011). Factors associated with menopausal age and symptom burden in Norway. A prospective, population based study of the natural course of menopause. Maturitas. ISSN 0378-5122. 70(4), p. 383–390. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.09.011. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjerkinn, Bjørg L; Lindbæk, Morten; Skogmo, Idar & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2010). Neuropsychological screening of children of substance-abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. ISSN 0740-5472. 5. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-5-17. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Exposure to alcohol and illicit substances during pregnancy can have an impact on the child for the rest of his/her life. A Special Child Welfare Clinic (SCWC) in Norway provides care for pregnant women with substance abuse problems. Treatment and support are provided without replacement therapy. Methods We performed a neuropsychological screening of 40 children aged four to 11 years whose mothers had attended the SCWC during pregnancy, and of a comparison group of 80 children of women without substance abuse problems. The children were presented with tests chosen from Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, third version (WISC-III), Nepsy, Halstead-Reitan and Raven's Progressive Matrices, Coloured Version. The tests were grouped into five main domains; (1) learning and memory, (2) visual scanning, planning and attention, (3) executive function, (4) visuo-motor speed and dexterity and (5) general intellectual ability Results No children in the study had test results in the clinical range in any domain. Bivariate analyses revealed that children of short-term substance-abusing mothers (who stopped substance abuse within the first trimester) had significantly lower test scores than the comparison group in three out of five domains (domain 2,3,4). Children of long-term substance abusers (who maintained moderate substance abuse throughout pregnancy) had significantly lower test results than the comparison group in one domain of the test results (domain 1). All but one child in the long-term group were or had been in foster homes. Most children in the short-term group stayed with their mothers. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that foster care minimum 50% of life time was associated with better scores on domains (1) learning and memory, (2) visual scanning, planning and attention, and (3) executive functions, while no significant associations with test scores was found for substance abuse and birth before 38 weeks of gestation. Conclusion Children raised by former substance abusing mothers scored worse on the neuropsychological screening than children who had substance abusing mothers and mostly were raised in foster homes. This indicates that it is important to focus on the environment in cases where help and support are provided to presently or formerly addicted women raising children.

• Hjerkinn, Bjørg; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Lindbæk, Morten (2009). Neonatal findings among children of substance-abusing women attending a special child welfare clinic in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 37(7), p. 751–757. doi: 10.1177/1403494809342310. Full text in Research Archive
• Helseth, Sølvi; Lagerløv, Per; Holager, Tanja; Johansen, Ola & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2009). Ungdom og bruk av reseptfri smertestillende medisin. Vård i Norden. ISSN 0107-4083. 29(3 = 93), p. 28–31. Full text in Research Archive
• Helseth, Sølvi; Holager, Tanja; Johansen, Ola; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Lagerløv, Per (2009). Ungdoms forhold til reseptfri smertestillende medisin – kunnskap og holdninger. Vård i Norden. ISSN 0107-4083. 29(3), p. 28–31. Full text in Research Archive
• Lagerløv, Per; Holager, Tanja; Holager, Tanja; Helseth, Sølvi & Rosvold, Elin O. (2009). Selvmedisinering med respetfrie smertestillende legemidler hos 15-16 åringer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. p. 1447–1450. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.32759. Full text in Research Archive
• Holager, Tanja; Holager, Tanja; Lagerløv, Per; Helseth, Sølvi & Rosvold, Elin O (2009). Holdninger til reseptfrie smertestillende legemidler blant 15-16 åringer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. p. 1451–1454. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0513. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2008). Self-supported use of medicines among university students in Oslo, Norway. Norsk Epidemiologi. ISSN 0803-2491. 18(2), p. 195–199. Full text in Research Archive

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• Høye, Sigurd; Jensen, Siri; Sundseth, Anne Cathrine & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2011). Allsangmedisin. Allmennmedisinsk sangbok og festskrift til Jørund Straand og Morten Lindbæk 60 år. Universitetet i Oslo. ISBN 9788230317365. 125 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2022). Praksisplassene i Innlandet er nødvendige for medisinstudiet i OSlo. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Dahl, Christen Peder; Simpson, Melanie Rae & Wiker, Harald Gotten (2022). Fastlegevikar uten LIS1 er feil bruk av nye leger. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Gladhaug, Ivar Prydz (2022). Opptaksprøve på medisinstudiet? Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Brænd, Anja Maria; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Moen, Anne & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2020). Simulation strengthens interprofessional collaboration for healthcare students in primary care. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Primary healthcare providers are responsible for patients with increasingly complex problems. Introducing interprofessional collaboration in healthcare curricula prepares students to meet these challenges. Simulation-based learning may be a powerful facilitator for active and safe learning, but is mostly used in acute clinical situations. We explore simulation as a strategy to train students in interprofessional collaboration in sub-acute clinical scenarios in primary healthcare. Summary of work We tested two low-fidelity simulation scenarios with common, sub-acute patient situations from primary healthcare: An older patient stays at a nursing home after having a hip fracture and surgery, and he develops a urinary tract infection or a pneumonia. Healthcare students (n=27) in their final stage of education (medical students, master students in advanced geriatric nursing and bachelor students in nursing) were allocated to ten groups. The groups were assigned to do a clinical assessment, agree on a probable diagnosis and develop a treatment plan during both scenarios. The facilitators guided the groups from briefing through to debriefing with focus on collaboration and communication. The study is an exploratory, qualitative study with interaction analysis of segments from video recordings of the simulations. Summary of results Different forms of interaction and communication affected interprofessional collaboration, especially during the development of a care plan. The content and structure of the care plan and the team’s efficiency in settling a plan as a team depended on 1) the ability to recognize each other’s contribution, 2) mutual knowledge development and 3) the awareness of setting and roles. This emerged through dialogue, gestures, gaze and body language. During debriefing, several groups reflected on clarifying concepts such as close monitoring and deterioration of the patient. Discussion and conclusions The sub-acute scenarios show potential to identify interactions and communication affecting collaboration. Using the scenarios in healthcare education may help students to develop productive interactions strengthening interprofessional collaboration. Furthermore, the simulation scenarios are feasible to use on-site in an education facility with minimal technical equipment. Take home message Low-fidelity, on-site simulation scenarios based on common, sub-acute clinical situations shows promise in training students in interprofessional collaboration preparing for the complexity of primary healthcare.

• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Brænd, Anja Maria & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2020). Simulering styrker tverrfaglig samarbeid i helsefaglig utdanning. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2019). Using simulation to train interprofessional collaboration for healthcare students in primary care. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Galina, Helena (2018). Physician - heal thyself! Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Lunde, Lene & Moen, Anne (2018). Clinical assessment and interdisciplinary collaboration in primary care. Use of a massive, open, online course (MOOC) to train students and health personnel. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Svensberg, Karin; Kalleberg, Birgitte; Mathiesen, Liv; Hellesø, Ragnhild & Hove, Lene Hystad (2018). SamPraks Research Project at UiO. Full text in Research Archive
• Daka, Bledar; Weel, C. van; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Hjortdal, Magnus & Sigurdsson, Johann Agust (2018). Turning general practitioners into researchers: how research schools can contribute to more and better PhDs in general practice. 23rd Wonca Europe Conference, 24th -27th of May 2018, Krakow, Poland. Full text in Research Archive
• Janson, Astri Letnes; Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Lunde, Lene & Moen, Anne (2018). MOOC -Styrke veiledningskompetanse i primærhelsetjenesten-. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). How can a general practitioner help? Patients’ and doctors’ views on reasons for visiting a GP; results from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). Nasjonal forskerskole i allmennmedisin (NAFALM). Full text in Research Archive
• Os, Ingrid; Langballe, Mette Groseth; Jensen, Helge Leander B.; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Grasmo-Wendler, Unn-Hilde (2018). Opptak på medisinstudiet - Bør vi vurdere mer enn karakterer? 138(12), p. 1157–1159. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0385. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) to improve clinical assessment skills and interdisciplinary collaboration in primary care. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2018). Erfaringer med utvikling av en MOOC (massivt, åpent onlinekurs) for studenter og ansatte i primærhelsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne; Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Wibe, Torunn & Eide, Hilde [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). KlinPrim – MOOC for systematisk klinisk vurdering og tverrfaglig samarbeid i primærhelsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Os, Ingrid; Jensen, Helge Leander B.; Langballe, Mette Groseth; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Grasmo-Wendler, Unn-Hilde (2018). På tide med egnethetstest for medisinstudenter. 138(12), p. 1–6. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0416. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). MOOC – utvikling av nye e-læringsressurser. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). Utvikling av artikkel - skriveseminar. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). MOOC – rettet mot livslang læring i arbeidslivet og helsevesenet. Full text in Research Archive
• Spehar, Ivan; Klev, Nils Kristian; Rokstad, Kirsten Skinlo; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Frich, Jan C (2017). Ledelseskurs for leger i primærhelsetjenesten. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. 46(6), p. 42–43. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). Nordic general practitioners´ role in the treatment and follow-up of common medical conditions. Full text in Research Archive
• Getz, Linn Okkenhaug; Hjørleifsson, Stefan; heath, iona; Maguire, Niamh & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). Key Writings in General Practice: The Core of a Discipline and Formation of its Practitioners. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). Differences in Nordic general practitioners´ participation in treatment and follow-up of common medical conditions. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne; Egilsdottir, H. Øsp; Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Wibe, Torunn & Eide, Hilde [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). MOOC – Ny e-læringsressurs til studenter og ansatte i primærhelsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Frich, Jan C; Breivik, Jarle; Lundin, Knut Erik Aslaksen; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Os, Ingrid (2017). Valgfrie emner i medisinstudiet. 137(20), p. 1–5. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0549. Full text in Research Archive
• Nielsen, Helena Galina & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2017). Physician heal thyself. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Ruths, Sabine; Janssen, S & Straand, Jørund (2016). Turning general practitioners into researchers. Experiences from the Norwegian research school in general practice. Full text in Research Archive
• Frich, Jan C; Wium, Kristin; Røine, Linda Kristin; Breivik, Jarle; Lundin, Knut Erik Aslaksen & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Implementing elective courses in the basic Medical curriculum at the University of Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Moen, Anne (2016). Systematisk klinisk undersøkelse av eldre. MOOC for ansatte og studenter i primærhelsetjenesten. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Procedures, tests and medical equipment in Nordic general practice. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Orientering om Nasjonal forskerskole i allmennmedisin. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Hvordan lykkes med en forskerskole? Utdrag fra NAFALMs midtveisevaluering. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2016). Hvordan lykkes med en forskerskole? Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Straand, Jørund; Ruths, Sabine; Klovning, Atle; Sigurdsson, Johann Agust & Melbye, Hasse [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Research training in general practice. Experience from the Norwegian Research School in General Practice. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Ruths, Sabine; Janssen, Siri Evju & Straand, Jørund (2016). Turning general practitioners into researchers. Experiences from The Norwegian Research School in General Practice (NAFALM). Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Melbye, Hasse; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2015). Are patient experiences in general practice affected by independent organizational factors? Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Straand, Jørund; Kvalvaag, Gunnar & Os, Ingrid (2015). Clinical rotations in nursing homes in medical education. Full text in Research Archive
• Janssen, Siri Evju & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2015). Nasjonal forskerskole i allmennmedisin – en suksesshistorie. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. p. 42–43. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2014). Om Nasjonal forskerskole i allmennmedisin. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2014). Presentasjon av Nasjonal forskerskole i allmennmedisin. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2014). The Norwegian Research School in General Practice. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Melbye, Hasse; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2014). Norske allmennlegers arbeidshverdag – hva skjer på legekontorene og hvordan opplever pasientene det? Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Ruths, Sabine (2014). Presentasjon av sammendragene fra forskningsdagen på Primærmedisinsk uke, 23.10.2014. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2013). Informasjon om nasjonale forskerskoler. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2013). Orientering om Nasjonal forskerskole i allmennmedisin. Full text in Research Archive
• Homlong, Lisbeth; Haavet, Ole Rikard & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2013). Can use of health care services among 15–16-year-olds predict an increased level of high school dropout? A longitudinal community study. Full text in Research Archive
• Homlong, Lisbeth; Haavet, Ole Rikard & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2013). KAN BRUK AV HELSETJENESTER HOS 15–16-ÅRINGER PREDIKERE ØKT RISIKO FOR SKOLEFRAFALL? EN LONGINTUDINELL POPULASJONS-BASERT STUDIE. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Ruths, Sabine (2012). Presentasjon av sammendragene fra Forskningsdagen på Primærmedisinsk uke, 25. oktober 2012. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. p. 33–39. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjelsvik, Bjørn E.; Dalen, Ingvild; Hunskaar, Steinar; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2012). Use of hormone therapy (HT) in a Norwegian Cohort of healthy women. Factors associated with HT use and prevalence of symptoms after treatment cessation. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. p. 37–37. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvorsen, Tori Flaatten; Haavet, Ole Rikard & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2012). Hva skjer i møtene mellom allmennlegen og pasienter med alvorlig spiseforstyrrelse? En studie om pasientenes erfaringer i møte med allmennlegen. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. p. 34–34. Full text in Research Archive
• Østrem, Anders; Henrichsen, Svein Høegh; Lagerløv, Per & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2012). Kunnskap om kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom hos norske allmennleger. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. p. 36–36. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Ruths, Sabine (2012). Presentasjon av sammendragene fra forskningsdagen på Primærmedisinsk uke, 25.10.2012. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. Full text in Research Archive
• Østrem, Anders; Henrichsen, Svein H; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Lagerløv, Per (2011). Basic knowledge of COPD, spirometry and smoking cessation in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2011). Teaching general practice in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjerkinn, Bjørg; Lindbæk, Morten & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2010). Neuropsychological development and behavioural assessment of children of substance abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjerkinn, Bjørg; Lindbæk, Morten; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Skogemo, Idar (2010). Neuropsychological screening and behaviour assessment of children of substance abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Lagerløv, Per; Holager, Tanja; Helseth, Sølvi & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2010). Smerte, ungdom og selvmedisinering. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjerkinn, Bjørg; Lindbæk, Morten & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2010). Neuropsychological development and behavioural assessment of children of substance abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Ruths, Sabine (2010). Presentasjon av sammendragene fra forskningsdagen på Primærmedisinsk uke, 28. oktober 2010. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjelsvik, Bjørn E.; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2010). Kvinnekohorten – en longitudinell studie om kvinners overgangsalder. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Ruths, Sabine (2010). Presentasjon av sammendragene fra forskningsdagen på Primærmedisinsk uke, 25.10.2010. Utposten. ISSN 0800-5680. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjerkinn, Bjørg; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Lindbæk, Morten (2009). Neonatal findings among children of substance abusing women attending a Special Child Welfare Clinic in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Rueness, Janne; Stenstrøm, Arne A; Olsen, Rune & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2009). Use of analgesics among university students in Oslo,Norway. A longitudinal study. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosvold, Elin Olaug; Lagerløv, Per; Holager, Tanja & Helseth, Sølvi (2009). Factors associated with high OTC-analgesics use among adolescents. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Torunn Bjerve; Straand, Jørund & Rosvold, Elin Olaug (2019). General practitioners' and patients experiences and expectations: A cross-sectional study from Norwegian and Nordic general practice. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Comprehensive primary care services are associated with better healthcare quality. The aims of this thesis were to compare medical services provided by GPs in the Nordic countries, to study associations between organisational factors and Norwegian patients´ experiences in GP consultations, and to explore possible differences between GPs´ and patients´ expectations regarding the GPs´ services in Norway. The thesis is based on questionnaire data from 875 GPs from Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Iceland as well as questionnaire data from 1529 Norwegian patients. GPs in the Nordic countries provided a wide spectrum of medical services. The Finnish GPs more frequently than their Nordic colleagues had access to advanced technological equipment like ultrasound and gastroscopes. Ninety per cent of Norwegian and 86% of Danish GPs inserted intra-uterine devices, and were significantly more likely to do this procedure than GPs in the other Nordic countries (Sweden 20%, Finland 70%, Iceland 13%). Icelandic GPs were less likely than Norwegian GPs to be involved in follow-up of patients with a selection of medical conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, and Parkinson´s disease. Patients visiting GPs with a short (≤900) or long patient lists (> 1300) were less likely than patients visiting GPs with medium sized patient list (900 – 1300) to report positive experiences with the communication with the GP. Norwegian GPs overestimated to what degree their patients would see them for a variety of common medical problems, e.g. deteriorating vision, anxiety, and sexual problems. Differences in the medical services offered by Nordic GPs may be related to variations in remuneration systems and differences in task distribution. From the patients´ point of view, a medium sized patient list is preferable to allow for a more positive communicative experience. A further discussion on which tasks that should form part of general practice is warranted.

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