Halvor Nordby

• Nordby, Halvor & Øvrelid, Bjarne (2025). Avslutning: Hva så? In Nordby, Halvor & Øvrelid, Bjarne (Ed.), Makt i velferdstekster. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245053135. p. 335–350. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Makt er ikke et ukjent begrep innen velferdsfeltet. Likevel handler diskusjonene om maktrelasjoner ofte om forholdet mellom profesjonelle og brukere av velferdstjenester. Det er mindre oppmerksomhet rettet mot makten som ligger i rammene for profesjonelles praksis, slik den kommer til uttrykk i skriftlige dokumenter. Makt i Velferdstekster retter et kritisk blikk mot dagsaktuelle styringsdokumenter i velferdsfeltet. Bidragene analyserer tekster om temaer som psykisk helse, barnevern, arbeid, skole, integrering og miljøvern. Til sammen illustrerer bidragene hvordan makt kan komme til uttrykk i ulike velferdskontekster. I en tid der offentlige dokumenter i stor grad forstås som objektive, er det viktigere enn noensinne å avdekke og problematisere denne makten. Bidragsyterne i boken har lang fartstid fra universitets- og høgskolesektoren. Redaktørene er Halvor Nordby og Bjarne Øvrelid. Begge arbeider ved Institutt for sosialvitenskap og veiledning ved Universitetet i Innlandet.

• Nordby, Halvor (2025). Idealer om medvirkning som maktuttrykk i barnevernslovgiving. In Nordby, Halvor & Øvrelid, Bjarne (Ed.), Makt i velferdstekster. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245053135. p. 191–214. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Makt er ikke et ukjent begrep innen velferdsfeltet. Likevel handler diskusjonene om maktrelasjoner ofte om forholdet mellom profesjonelle og brukere av velferdstjenester. Det er mindre oppmerksomhet rettet mot makten som ligger i rammene for profesjonelles praksis, slik den kommer til uttrykk i skriftlige dokumenter. Makt i Velferdstekster retter et kritisk blikk mot dagsaktuelle styringsdokumenter i velferdsfeltet. Bidragene analyserer tekster om temaer som psykisk helse, barnevern, arbeid, skole, integrering og miljøvern. Til sammen illustrerer bidragene hvordan makt kan komme til uttrykk i ulike velferdskontekster. I en tid der offentlige dokumenter i stor grad forstås som objektive, er det viktigere enn noensinne å avdekke og problematisere denne makten. Bidragsyterne i boken har lang fartstid fra universitets- og høgskolesektoren. Redaktørene er Halvor Nordby og Bjarne Øvrelid. Begge arbeider ved Institutt for sosialvitenskap og veiledning ved Universitetet i Innlandet.

• Nordby, Halvor & Øvrelid, Bjarne (2025). Introduksjon. In Nordby, Halvor & Øvrelid, Bjarne (Ed.), Makt i velferdstekster. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245053135. p. 9–26. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Makt er ikke et ukjent begrep innen velferdsfeltet. Likevel handler diskusjonene om maktrelasjoner ofte om forholdet mellom profesjonelle og brukere av velferdstjenester. Det er mindre oppmerksomhet rettet mot makten som ligger i rammene for profesjonelles praksis, slik den kommer til uttrykk i skriftlige dokumenter. Makt i Velferdstekster retter et kritisk blikk mot dagsaktuelle styringsdokumenter i velferdsfeltet. Bidragene analyserer tekster om temaer som psykisk helse, barnevern, arbeid, skole, integrering og miljøvern. Til sammen illustrerer bidragene hvordan makt kan komme til uttrykk i ulike velferdskontekster. I en tid der offentlige dokumenter i stor grad forstås som objektive, er det viktigere enn noensinne å avdekke og problematisere denne makten. Bidragsyterne i boken har lang fartstid fra universitets- og høgskolesektoren. Redaktørene er Halvor Nordby og Bjarne Øvrelid. Begge arbeider ved Institutt for sosialvitenskap og veiledning ved Universitetet i Innlandet.

• Nordby, Halvor (2023). Family group conferences and discourse ethics in child welfare work. In Nordby, Halvor; Netland, Grethe & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (Ed.), Child Welfare and the Significance of Family. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202801229. p. 167–187. doi: 10.23865/noasp.209.ch7. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2023). Family ethics and child welfare. In Nordby, Halvor; Netland, Grethe & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (Ed.), Child Welfare and the Significance of Family. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202801229. p. 247–267. doi: 10.23865/noasp.209.ch11. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2021). Communication and organizational culture. In Göker, Süleyman Davut (Eds.), A closer look at organizational culture in action. Intech Open. ISSN 9781839625794. p. 134–187. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.92318. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (2020). Introduksjon. In Nordby, Halvor & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (Ed.), Verdier i barnevern. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202624293. doi: 10.23865/noasp.103.ch1. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2020). Verdier og kommunikasjon i konfliktsituasjoner. In Nordby, Halvor & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (Ed.), Verdier i barnevern. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202624293. doi: 10.23865/noasp.103.ch4. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2020). Paramedics’ Experiences of Communication with Persons in Personal Crisis: An Exploratory Study. In Berhardt, Leon (Eds.), Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 173. Nova Science Publishers. ISSN 9781536187885. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Stress conditions stimulate the accumulation of antioxidants in photosynthetic organisms, but can also restrict their normal growth rate. As such, this compilation opens with a two-stage technique for microalgae cultivation that may resolve this problem by separating biomass accumulation and stimulation biosynthesis of α-tocopherol. Following this, the authors describe the structural and enzymatic properties of plant PM-H+-ATPases, their regulation and physiological roles. A selective review of the experimental literature concerning the effects of early life stress in brain development is provided, with emphasis on the role of inflammatory responses, the gut microbiome mediating brain and behavioral changes relevant to mental health disorders. The impact of urgency on the temporal organization of prehospital interventions is assessed, analyzing the impact of the characteristics of the patient, the paramedic and the working environment on the sequence and duration of prehospital interventions. The authors shed light on prehospital work by examining how paramedics experience encounters with persons in crisis through a qualitative research approach. Additionally, they aim to assess the association between estimated pulse wave velocity and metabolic biomarkers in patients with albuminuria through a subsequent study. The concluding study focuses on thoroughly revealing the various hallmarks of apoptosis and the overall mechanism which connects these hallmarks.

• Nordby, Halvor (2019). Who Are the Rightful Owners of the Concepts Disease, Illness and Sickness? A Pluralistic Analysis of Basic Health Concepts. Open Journal of Philosophy. ISSN 2163-9434. doi: 10.4236/ojpp.2019.94029. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2018). Management and conflict resolution: Conceptual tools for securing cooperation and organizational performance. In Boas, Ana (Eds.), Organizational conflict. Intech Open. ISSN 9781789235050. p. 3–18. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.72132. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2018). New public management in prehospital emergency services: Paramedics’ experiences of organizational reforms. Trauma and Emergency Care (TEC). doi: 10.15761/tec.1000166. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2017). Interdisciplinary communication on digital emergency networks in ambulance services: An exploratory study. Trauma and Emergency Care (TEC). doi: 10.15761/TEC.1000140. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2017). Concept Communication and Interpretation of Illness: A Holistic Model of Understanding in Nursing Practice. Holistic Nursing Practice. ISSN 0887-9311. 31(3), p. 158–166. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000204. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  To ensure patient communication in nursing, certain conditions must be met that enable successful exchange of beliefs, thoughts, and other mental states. The conditions that have received most attention in the nursing literature are derived from general communication theories, psychology, and ethical frameworks of interpretation. This article focuses on a condition more directly related to an influential coherence model of concept possession from recent philosophy of mind and language. The basic ideas in this model are (i) that the primary source of understanding of illness experiences is communicative acts that express concepts of illness, and (ii) that the key to understanding patients' concepts of illness is to understand how they depend on patients' lifeworlds. The article argues that (i) and (ii) are especially relevant in caring practice since it has been extensively documented that patients' perspectives on disease and illness are shaped by their subjective horizons. According to coherentism, nurses need to focus holistically on patients' horizons in order to understand the meaning of patients' expressions of meaning. Furthermore, the coherence model implies that fundamental aims of understanding can be achieved only if nurses recognize the interdependence of patients' beliefs and experiences of ill health. The article uses case studies to elucidate how the holistic implications of coherentism can be used as conceptual tools in nursing.

• Nordby, Halvor (2016). The meaning of illness in nursing practice: a philosophical model of communication and concept possession. Nursing Philosophy. ISSN 1466-7681. 17(2), p. 103–118. doi: 10.1111/nup.12111. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  It is fundamental assumption in nursing theory that it is important for nurses to understand how patients experience states of ill health. This assumption is often related to aims of empathic understanding, but normative principles of social interpretation can have an important action-guiding role whenever nurses seek to understand patients’ subjective horizons on the basis of active or passive expressions of meaning. The aim of this article is to present a philosophical theory of concept possession and to argue that it can shed light on how nurses should seek to understand patients’ subjective perspectives on the meaning of illness. The two basic ideas in the theory are that patients’ beliefs and thoughts about their experiences involve concepts and that concepts can be communicated on the basis of shared implicit conceptions of what they mean. These conditions of understanding have a striking application: nurse-patient communication is limited by many contextual factors, but it is often possible for nurses to detect shared implicit conceptions of the meaning of concepts of disease and illness. Furthermore, by acting as sympathetic linguistic experts and creating an atmosphere for dialogue, nurses can make patients feel comfortable about deferring to medical explanations of meaning that can constitute a communicative platform. The last part of the article uses a number of cases studies to show how these implications can be implemented as conceptual tools for securing meaningful communication about illness experiences in patient dialogue.

• Nordby, Halvor (2016). Communication and the Interpretive Principle of Charity in Nurse–Patient Interaction. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice. ISSN 1541-6577. 30(2), p. 176–192. doi: 10.1891/1541-6577.30.2.176. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2016). Social simulation theory: a framework to explain nurses' understanding of patients' experiences of ill-health. Nursing Inquiry (NI). ISSN 1320-7881. 23(3), p. 232–243. doi: 10.1111/nin.12134. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A fundamental aim in caring practice is to understand patients' experiences of ill-health. These experiences have a qualitative content and cannot, unlike thoughts and beliefs with conceptual content, directly be expressed in words. Nurses therefore face a variety of interpretive challenges when they aim to understand patients' subjective perspectives on disease and illness. The article argues that theories on social simulation can shed light on how nurses manage to meet these challenges. The core assumption of social simulationism is that we do not understand other people by forming mental representations of how they think, but by putting ourselves in their situation in a more imaginative way. According to simulationism, any attempt to understand a patient's behavior is made on the basis of simulating what it is like to be that patient in the given context. The article argues that this approach to social interpretation can clarify how nurses manage to achieve aims of patient understanding, even when they have limited time to communicate and incomplete knowledge of patients' perspectives. Furthermore, simulation theory provides a normative framework for interpretation, in the sense that its theoretical assumptions constitute ideals for how nurses should seek to understand patients' experiences of illness.

• Nordby, Halvor (2015). The importance of reliable information exchange in emergency practices: a misunderstanding that was uncovered before it was too late. BMC Medical Ethics. 16:46(46). doi: 10.1186/s12910-015-0038-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Many medical emergency practices are regulated by written procedures that normally provide reliable guidelines for action. In some cases, however, the consequences of following rule-based instructions can have unintended negative consequences. The article discusses a case - described on a type level - where the consequences of following a rule formulation could have been fatal. Case presentation: A weak and elderly patient has cardiac arrest, and a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) clause is written in the patient’s medical record. Paramedics at the scene cannot see that the patient’s general appearance match conditions which would indicate the DNR clause, so they start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the patient survives. This turns out to be a crucial decision. The DNR clause is from an earlier bout with serious disease from which the patient has recovered, against all odds, and someone has forgotten to remove the clause from the medical record. Analysis: In order to be able to interpret the validity of written guidelines, paramedics and other health workers need to develop personal skills that transcend the ability simply to follow written instructions. Within traditional virtue ethics, personal judgment is conceived of as crucial for being able to make ‘good’ autonomous decisions. Virtue ethical analyses, decision-making abilities and non-technical communication skills are important as conceptual tools when health workers need to make difficult clinical decisions. Conclusion: The case study accentuates the significance of prudent judgment in medical practice. In the case described, the consequence of trusting the written advance directive could have been fatal, but the point is general: for the purpose of achieving excellent organizational performance, it is insufficient for health workers to rely uncritically on rules and procedures. Even the clearest rule formulations must be interpreted contextually in order to determine ethically correct behavior and avoid potential negative consequences that are not in the patient’s best interests.

• Nordby, Halvor (2015). Experienced Challenges in Prehospital Management: Communication and Cooperation in Manager–Employee Interaction. Journal of Health Management. ISSN 0972-0634. 17(1), p. 98–117. doi: 10.1177/0972063414560879. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2015). Manager-employee interaction in ambulance services: An exploratory study of employee perspectives on management communication. The Health Care Manager. ISSN 1525-5794. 34(2), p. 113–122. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000051. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2015). Management in ambulance services: Communicative challenges. Journal of Medical Practice Management. ISSN 8755-0229. 30(4), p. 255–257. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2015). Omsorgsarbeid i ambulansene? Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2015). Communicative management in ambulatory services: Prehospital management communication- Limits and possibilities. Journal of Medical Practice Management. ISSN 8755-0229. 30(6), p. 370–372. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2015). Communicative management in ambulance services: A study of interaction between station managers and paramedics working in frontline units. Journal of Medical Practice Management. ISSN 8755-0229. 30(5), p. 304–307. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Management communication in leadership relations: A philosophical model of understanding and contextual agreement. Philosophy of Management. ISSN 1740-3812. 13(2). doi: 10.5840/pom201413212. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Philosophical speech act theory and challenges in interactive dialogue: Experiences of narrow communication. Seminar.net - Media, technology and lifelong learning. 10(2). Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). DISTANSE OG NÆRHET. Et filosofisk essay om primær egenskaper i kunstobjekter, Cosmic debris : Meteorites and Jewellery Objects by Reinhold Ziegler. Arnoldsche publishers. ISSN 9783897904057. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Ethics in paramedic services: Patients' right to make their own choices in a prehospital setting. Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics. 5(2). doi: 10.4172/2155-9627.1000171. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Kommunikasjon og helseledelse. In Botten, Grete Synøve; Frich, Jan C; Hagen, Terje P.; Iversen, Tor & Nordby, Halvor (Ed.), Helsetjenestens nye logikk. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232103485. p. 35–46. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2013). Should paramedics ever accept patients’ refusal of treatment or further assessment? BMC Medical Ethics. 44(14). doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-14-44. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: This case report discusses an ethical communication dilemma in prehospital patient interaction, involving a patient who was about to board a plane at a busy airport. The article argues that the situation raised dilemmas about communication, patient autonomy and paternalism. Paramedics should be able to find good solutions to these dilemmas, but they have not received much attention in the literature on prehospital ambulance work. Case presentation: The patient had chest pains that were consistent with serious heart disease, but she wanted to catch her plane and was unwilling to let paramedics assess her heart activity by means of an electrocardiogram (ECG). The paramedics had to decide, there and then, whether the patient’s refusal to submit to an ECG should be respected, or whether they should set the patient’s expressed wishes aside by exercising verbal power and persuasive communication techniques. The paramedics chose to do the latter. It later turned out that the patient was grateful that the paramedics had been very direct, almost brutal, in their communication. When the patient regained her autonomy, she saw clearly that taking time to obtain and monitor an ECG was the best option for her. Conclusion: Looking forward in time might be a good professional strategy for deciding whether ethical paternalism in communication is justified. If there is good reason to believe that patients who later regain their autonomy will agree that paternalistic verbal actions were in their best interests, and if acting in accordance with patients’ preferences can have severe negative health consequences for them, then paramedics have good reason to believe that ethical paternalism is justified.

• Nordby, Halvor & Botten, Grete Synøve (2012). Multikulturell kommunikasjon i helsetjenester. In Melberg, Hans Olav & Kjekshus, Lars Erik (Ed.), Fremtidens Helse-Norge. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245012088. p. 81–102. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2012). Mental Content Externalism and Social Understanding. Open Journal of Philosophy. ISSN 2163-9434. 2(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.4236/ojpp.2012.21001. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Nøhr, Øyvind Nielsen (2012). The Ethics of Resuscitation: How Do Paramedics Experience Ethical Dilemmas when Faced with Cancer Patients with Cardiac Arrest? Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. ISSN 1049-023X. 27(1). doi: 10.1017/s1049023x1200026x. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Nøhr, Øyvind Nielsen (2011). Care and empathy in ambulance services: paramedics’ experiences of communicative challenges in transports of patients with prolonged cancer. Journal of Communication in Healthcare. ISSN 1753-8068. 4(4), p. 215–226. doi: 10.1179/1753807611Y.0000000004. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2011). The nature and limits of interactive communication: A philosophical analysis. Seminar.net - Media, technology and lifelong learning. 7(1). Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2011). Disease, illness and long term sickness absence : a conceptual framework for categorising controversial cases. In Nordby, Halvor; Rønning, Rolf & Tellnes, Gunnar (Ed.), Social aspects of illness, disease and sickness absence. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274774803. p. 93–110. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  How is sickness absence influenced by experienced illness, disease, and social context? This book offers new and original perspectives on the current debate. It seeks to understand long-term sickness absence by analyzing basic concepts like illness, disease, and sickness, and by seeing sickness as a relation between individuals and their psycho-social environments. It combines empirical insight with a critical understanding of how individuals experience sickness as a social role. The chapters are written by researchers from Norway and Sweden.

• Nordby, Halvor (2011). The subjectivity of illness, social roles and the harmful dysfunction analysis of disease. In Nordby, Halvor; Rønning, Rolf & Tellnes, Gunnar (Ed.), Social aspects of illness, disease and sickness absence. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274774803. p. 111–129. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  How is sickness absence influenced by experienced illness, disease, and social context? This book offers new and original perspectives on the current debate. It seeks to understand long-term sickness absence by analyzing basic concepts like illness, disease, and sickness, and by seeing sickness as a relation between individuals and their psycho-social environments. It combines empirical insight with a critical understanding of how individuals experience sickness as a social role. The chapters are written by researchers from Norway and Sweden.

• Nordby, Halvor; Rønning, Rolf & Tellnes, Gunnar (2011). Research on long-term sickness absence: The need for a wide methodological approach. In Nordby, Halvor; Rønning, Rolf & Tellnes, Gunnar (Ed.), Social aspects of illness, disease and sickness absence. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274774803. p. 9–18. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sickness absence can be studied in many ways from different practical and theoretical perspectives. This book will not attempt to argue that some of these perspectives are more fruitful or ‘better’ than the others. We do believe, however, that a satisfactory overall understanding of sickness absence, and of long-term sickness absence in particular, presupposes that two crucial conditions are met. The first condition is a requirement about methodology: (1) In order to shed light on some of the most important processes leading to sickness absence, empirical studies need to be combined with theoretical perspectives. (2) States of illness and disease leading to sickness absence are relational states. Sickness absence is a social phenomenon that should be studied from a wide perspective that takes absentees’ psycho-social environments into account.

• Nordby, Halvor & Øyvind, Nøhr (2009). Interactive emergency communication involving persons in crisis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. ISSN 1357-633X. 15(7), p. 351–355. doi: 10.1258/jtt.2009.090206. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Verdier som sosial kapital, Sosial kapital i et velferdsperspektiv : om å forstå og styrke utsatte gruppers sosiale forankring / Rolf Rønning og Bengt Starrin (red.). Gyldendal Akademisk. p. 147–160. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Skepticism and Internalism. Canadian Journal of Philosophy. ISSN 0045-5091. 39(1), p. 35–54. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). The ethical dimension of paramedic-patient interaction, Foundations of health care : ethical dilemmas and communicative challenges / Halvor Nordby. Unipub forlag. p. 167–178. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Truth-telling in doctor-patient interaction, Foundations of health care : ethical dilemmas and communicative challenges / Halvor Nordby. Unipub forlag. p. 139–165. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Nøhr, Øyvind (2009). Interactive emergency communication involving persons in crisis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. ISSN 1357-633X. 15(7), p. 351–355. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Communication and ethics in medicine and health care : the significance of a philosophical approach, Foundations of health care : ethical dilemmas and communicative challenges / Halvor Nordby. Unipub forlag. p. 11–30. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Meaning holism in caring practice. Holistic Nursing Practice. ISSN 0887-9311. 22(2), p. 87–96. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Wittgenstein's theory of conceptual competnece and virtue analyses of ethical dilemmas in nursing practice. Online Journal of Health ethics. 1(1). Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Values, Cultural Identity and Comunication: A perspective From Philosophy of Language. Journal of Intercultural Communication. 17(June). Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Nøhr, Øyvind (2008). Communication and empathy in an emergency setting involving persons in crisis. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. p. 1–6. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Oppression of meaning : belief, value and cultural identity, Northern imaginary : 3rd part. Delta Press. p. 185–189. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Skeide, Cecilie & Nordby, Halvor (2025). Anne Rolfsen - Sentralkomposisjoner. Uten Tittel. ISBN 9788293502647. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Øvrelid, Bjarne (2025). Makt i velferdstekster. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245053135. 354 p. doi: https:/oa.fagbokforlaget.no/index.php/vboa/catalog/book/90. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Makt er ikke et ukjent begrep innen velferdsfeltet. Likevel handler diskusjonene om maktrelasjoner ofte om forholdet mellom profesjonelle og brukere av velferdstjenester. Det er mindre oppmerksomhet rettet mot makten som ligger i rammene for profesjonelles praksis, slik den kommer til uttrykk i skriftlige dokumenter. Makt i Velferdstekster retter et kritisk blikk mot dagsaktuelle styringsdokumenter i velferdsfeltet. Bidragene analyserer tekster om temaer som psykisk helse, barnevern, arbeid, skole, integrering og miljøvern. Til sammen illustrerer bidragene hvordan makt kan komme til uttrykk i ulike velferdskontekster. I en tid der offentlige dokumenter i stor grad forstås som objektive, er det viktigere enn noensinne å avdekke og problematisere denne makten. Bidragsyterne i boken har lang fartstid fra universitets- og høgskolesektoren. Redaktørene er Halvor Nordby og Bjarne Øvrelid. Begge arbeider ved Institutt for sosialvitenskap og veiledning ved Universitetet i Innlandet.

• Nordby, Halvor; Netland, Grethe & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (2023). Child Welfare and the Significance of Family. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202801229. 267 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Skeide, Cecilie & Nordby, Halvor (2022). The importance of presence. Arnoldsche art publishers. ISBN 9783897906846. 38 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (2020). Verdier i barnevern. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202624293. 220 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2017). Konflikthåndtering for ledere. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205498907. 216 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Samhandling i prehospitalt arbeid. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205478732. Full text in Research Archive
• Botten, Grete Synøve; Frich, Jan C; Hagen, Terje P.; Iversen, Tor & Nordby, Halvor (2014). Helsetjenestens nye logikk. Akademika forlag. ISBN 9788232103485. 343 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Gali, André (2014). Cosmic debris : Meteorites and Jewellery Objects by Reinhold Ziegler. Arnoldsche publishers. ISBN 9783897904057. 80 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Etikk og kommunikasjon i ambulansearbeidet : 101 eksempler. Akademika forlag. ISBN 9788232103447. 168 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor; Bennin, Camilla & Buer, Bjørn Arne (2013). Etikk i barnevern. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205423978. 308 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2012). Etiske dilemmaer i helse- og omsorgsarbeid. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205419490. 202 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor; Rønning, Rolf & Tellnes, Gunnar (2011). Social aspects of illness, disease and sickness absence. Unipub forlag. ISBN 9788274774803. 287 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  How is sickness absence influenced by experienced illness, disease, and social context? This book offers new and original perspectives on the current debate. It seeks to understand long-term sickness absence by analyzing basic concepts like illness, disease, and sickness, and by seeing sickness as a relation between individuals and their psycho-social environments. It combines empirical insight with a critical understanding of how individuals experience sickness as a social role. The chapters are written by researchers from Norway and Sweden.

• Nordby, Halvor (2010). Etikk og kommunikasjon : i prehospitalisk medisinsk arbeid. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205400009. 173 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2010). Etikk og kommunikasjon i prehospitalt medisinsk arbeid. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205400009. 173 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Kommunikasjon og helseledelse. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202283490. 200 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Linguistic experts and degrees of conceptual competence : concept possession and incorrect understanding. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG. ISBN 9783639200591. 211 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Opprinnelig utgitt som avhandling (D.Phil.) University of Oxford, 2000 med tittel: Concept possession and incorrect understanding. Tidligere utgave: Hamar : Sokrates, 2002.

• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Foundations of health care ethical dilemmas and communicative challenges. Unipub forlag. ISBN 9788274774476. 182 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Kommunikasjon og helseledelse. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202283490. 136 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Foundations of health care : ethical dilemmas and communicative challenges. Unipub forlag. ISBN 9788274774476. 182 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Letrud, Kåre; Nordby, Halvor & Veggeland, Frode (2026). Leder du et universitet, bør du ha erfaring fra forskning og undervisning. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hvorfor det er nødvendig at styreledere i UH-sektoren har sektorkunnskap.

• Nordby, Halvor & Skeide, Cecilie (2025). Anne Rolfsens sentralkomposisjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Netland, Grethe (2023). Introduction. In Nordby, Halvor; Netland, Grethe & Halsa, Astrid Dagmar (Ed.), Child Welfare and the Significance of Family. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202801229. doi: 10.23865/noasp.209.ch0. Full text in Research Archive
• Myklestad, Synnøve; Bregnballe, Anne; Grønseth, Anne Sigfrid; Halmrast, Gudrun Sælen; Hausstätter, Rune & Kogstad, Ragnfrid Eline [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2020). Profesjonell uro! Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2016). Kommunikasjon for helseledere. Sykepleien Ledelse. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2016). Møter med kriserammede. Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Etikk i ambulansearbeid. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Enmannsshow i ambulansene? Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Taushetsplikt i samhandling med de andre nødetatene. Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Full text in Research Archive
• Botten, Grete Synøve; Frich, Jan C; Hagen, Terje P.; Iversen, Tor & Nordby, Halvor (2014). Helsetjenestens nye logikk: fortsatt målrettet mangfold. In Botten, Grete Synøve; Frich, Jan C; Hagen, Terje P.; Iversen, Tor & Nordby, Halvor (Ed.), Helsetjenestens nye logikk. Akademika forlag. ISSN 9788232103485. p. 13–22. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2013). Ikke-tekniske ferdigheter i ambulansearbeid. Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. p. 28–37. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2013). Ethics in Prehospital Emergency Medicine: An Ethical Dilemma in Patient Communication. WebmedCentral.com. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor; Rønning, Rolf & Tellnes, Gunnar (2011). Preface. In Nordby, Halvor; Rønning, Rolf & Tellnes, Gunnar (Ed.), Social aspects of illness, disease and sickness absence. Unipub forlag. ISSN 9788274774803. p. 3–4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  PREFACE. In the summer of 2009 a Scandinavian research group from the Social factors contributing to sickness absence (SOFAC) project met in Sunne, Sweden, to discuss ongoing research concerning health problems and sickness absence. During these meetings, it became clear that we had a common interest in understanding social aspects of the processes leading to illness, disease and longterm sickness absence. The idea of a publication on this issue emerged, and this book – Social Aspects of Illness, Disease and Sickness Absence – is the result. Each chapter of the book examines the relational aspects of states of sickness – how they are influenced by social mechanisms and contextual factors. The idea is not merely that there is a strict causal connection between social relations and long-term sickness absence, but rather that the states of sickness have a dynamic and relational nature in themselves. Focusing on the individual incapacity for work without considering the psycho-social environment makes it impossible to understand some of the most important processes leading to long-term sickness absence. Sickness absence is, in this sense, a social concept – it applies to a phenomenon with an essentially interpersonal nature. We hope that this book will become an indispensible resource for all those interested in understanding how long-term sickness absence can be conceived of as a dynamic and social phenomenon. First and foremost, the book aims to provide academics and researchers with an up-to-date analysis of long-term sickness absence and of relevant empirical research. The book can also be a valuable text for students in higher level courses that focus on the relation between individuals’ health and their psycho-social environment. In addition, those with a practical or public interest in long-term sickness absence may find the analyses that the book presents useful, in particular, for communicative purposes. Doctors and social workers can acquire valuable ‘conceptual tools’ for understanding absentees’ life-worlds and the way they experience their own situation. This book is a multidisciplinary publication with contributions from researchers working in Lillehammer University College, Eastern Norway Research Institute, University of Karlstad, Sweden, Gjøvik University College and Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo. We want to thank the Norwegian Research Council for funding the SOFAC project, and Oslo Academic Press (Unipub) for publishing the book. Oslo and Lillehammer October 1th, 2010 Halvor Nordby, Rolf Rønning and Gunnar Tellnes (editors)

• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Frykter lavere tvangsterskel. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ny lov gir helsepersonell anledning til å bruke tvang mot pasienter som motsetter seg behandling. Loven kan hindre forsøk på kommunikasjon, hevder forsker.

• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Samhandling mellom leger og ambulansepersonell. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129(15), p. 1484–1484. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Når pasienten nekter å motta helsehjelp. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0443. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Kommunikasjon med pasienter i kriser. Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Når pasienten nekter å motta helsehjelp. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129(4), p. 308–309. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2009). Samhandling mellom leger og ambulansepersonell. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129(15). Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor & Nøhr, Øyvind (2008). Kommunikasjon med kriserammede. Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Forstår pasienten deg og forstår du pasienten? Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Juss og etikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Kommunikasjon og etikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Helseledelse og kommunikasjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2008). Ledelse og veiledning i en prehospital kontekst. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordby, Halvor (2018). Operativ ledelse, kommunikasjon og CRM prinsipper: Samhandling og individuell beredskap på skadesteder. Universitetet i Innlandet. ISSN 9788283800500. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Arbeidsnotatet viser hvordan sentrale prinsipper fra moderne kommunikasjonsteori og CRMtenkning er relevante i operativ ledelse på skadesteder. CRM står for ’Crew resource management’ og er basert på en grunntanke om at god samhandling forutsetter at samarbeidende aktører kommuniserer effektivt og jobber mot felles definerte mål. Alles ressurser er avgjørende, og en sentral lederoppgave er å få det beste ut av hver enkelt medarbeider. Ledere har ansvar for at kunnskap om rollefordeling, ansvarsforhold og kompetansekrav blir kommunisert ut i virksomheten, slik at medarbeidere har praktisk og teoretisk beredskap til å møte utfordrende situasjoner. For å klargjøre hvordan dette kan gjøres i praksis bruker arbeidsnotatet eksempler fra ambulanseledelse, men analysene er relevante for alle operative ledere på skadesteder. Når det gjelder helsearbeid, er arbeidsmodeller fra strategisk ledelse spesielt relevante for Operativ Leder Helse (OLH), i og med at OLH ikke skal involvere seg i det direkte pasientarbeidet så lenge det ellers er nok ressurser på skadestedet1. Handlingsverktøyet OLH har i samhandling er kommunikasjon, og god lederkommunikasjon forutsetter ikke bare at OLH må forstå hva som er relevante lederoppgaver. OLH må også kunne tenke analytisk, oppnå en god situasjonsforståelse og legge til rette for dialog mellom andre aktører. Arbeidsnotatet understreker hva dette innebærer og klargjør forutsetninger for samhandling mot felles styringsmål i operativt lederarbeid. Ingen av kommunikasjonsprinsippene som presenteres i arbeidsnotatet bør oppfattes som bruksanvisninger for å sikre optimal samhandling. De kan imidlertid gjøre det enklere å holde et analytisk fokus på hva som er gode beslutninger under en akutt hendelse, som et skadested der avgjørelser må tas under press på tid og ressurser. Kommunikasjonsprinsippene kan dessuten brukes i debrifing for læring etter konkrete hendelser, og i forkant av vanskelige krisesituasjoner, for å skape en god beredskap i organisasjonen for å håndtere typiske utfordringer raskt og effektivt når de faktisk oppstår.

• Nordby, Halvor (2017). Etiske hensyn i maktutøvelse. Universitetet i Innlandet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sammendrag. Arbeidsnotatet presenterer en arbeidsmodell for å balansere maktutøvelse mot etiske hensyn i profesjonsarbeid med mennesker. Hovedtanken i modellen er at all maktbruk i konfliktsituasjoner må veies opp mot to forhold: (i) De negative konsekvensene av å la andre handle i samsvar med egne ønsker, og (ii) hvor autonome disse ønskene er. Modellen innebærer at opplevde begrunnelser for maktutøvelse må svare til begrunnelser for at andres ønsker i større eller mindre grad har negative konsekvenser, og at de ikke er autonome. Modellen utgjør et begrepsmessig rammeverk for å klargjøre eksplisitte begrunnelser for maktbruk, ut fra den kontekstuelle situasjonsforståelsen hver enkelt profesjonsutøver har. Den siste delen av arbeidsnotatet knytter arbeidsmodellen til relevante deler av norsk lovverk og etiske teorier. Modellen passer med innflytelsesrike moralfilosofiske tradisjoner som konsekvensetikk og Kants pliktetikk, og har derfor en solid faglig forankring. Samtidig vil profesjonsutøveres anvendelse av modellen være preget av deres egne verdier og personlige etikk. Til syvende og sist innebærer arbeidsmodellen at den etiske ryggsekken hver og en profesjonsutøver har, helt legitimt legger føringer på hvor mye makt de opplever at det er riktig å bruke.

• Nordby, Halvor (2015). Presumptivt samtykke i prehospitalt arbeid. Universitetet i Innlandet. ISSN 9789788271840. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ved å gi pasienter og pårørende god informasjon kan helsearbeidere gi dem et kunnskapsbasert utgangspunkt for å delta aktivt i beslutninger om handlingsvalg. Målet er alltid å velge pasienthandlinger som samsvarer med pasienters egne interesser og å skaffe informert samtykke, hvis det er mulig. Kvalifikasjonen ’hvis det er mulig’ er her viktig. I arbeid med noen pasientgrupper, og i noen deler helsefaglig praksis, kan det være utfordrende, uriktig eller til og med umulig å innhente informert samtykke. I mange av disse situasjonene må helsearbeidere, i større eller mindre grad, anta at det foreligger et stilltiende presumptivt samtykke. Ambulansearbeid er definitivt et område hvor dette moderate samtykkebegrepet er relevant. Ambulansepersonell står ofte overfor pasienter som har alvorlig sykdom eller skade, de jobber i en åpen, offentlig setting, og pasientarbeidet preges av tidspress, ressursbegrensninger og kommunikasjonsutfordringer internt i tjenestene og eksternt i relasjoner til pasienter, pårørende og andre tilstedeværende. Målet med denne forskningsrapporten er å bruke begrepsanalytisk metode – som en versjon av teoretisk forskning - til å diskutere hvordan disse begrensningene gjør begrepet om presumptivt samtykke spesielt viktig i prehospitale tjenester. Hovedpoenget er at selv om det i utgangspunktet ofte er umulig for ambulansepersonell å innhente informert samtykke, så betyr ikke det at pasientsamtykke er uviktig som et ideal å strekke seg etter så godt det lar seg gjøre. Som i annet helsearbeid bør det prehospitale målet alltid være å legge til rette for kunnskapsbaserte pasientvalg i den grad det er mulig. Det vil derfor være en misforståelse å tro at hvis det er umulig å skaffe fullt ut informert samtykke, så er det ikke noe poeng å få samtykke overhodet. Denne form for enten-eller tenkning er etisk betenkelig og uforenelig med moderne idealer om informasjonsdeling, brukermedvirkning og pasienters rett til å bestemme over eget liv og helse. Å få et så informert samtykke som situasjonen realistisk sett tillater, gjelder like mye i ambulanser som i andre deler av helsefaglig praksis.

• Nordby, Halvor (2014). Kollegapaternalisme og kompetanseoverstyring i ambulansetjenester. Universitetet i Innlandet. ISSN 9788271843687. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Som i andre helsefaglige virksomheter kan det oppstå konflikter og dårlig samhandling mellom kolleger i ambulansetjenester. En variant av dette kan betegnes som kollegapaternalisme – når én på den operative enheten blir så overstyrende i pasientarbeidet at kolleger ikke blir inkludert i beslutningsprosesser rundt handlingsvalg. I enkelte situasjoner kan overstyring av kollegers vurderinger være begrunnet, men ensidig og systematisk overstyring kan lett føre til at den beste kompetansen ikke styrer handlingsvalg, at pasienter ikke får den beste hjelpen enheten kan tilby dem, og at profesjonsutøvere som trenger ferdighetstrening ikke får praksisen de bør ha. Problemstilling. Rapporten presenter en undersøkelse av hvordan fire grupper av ambulansepersonell har opplevd å bli overstyrt uten saklig grunn. Målet var å forstå om de har opplevd at deres egen kompetanse har blitt undertrykt og, i så fall hvordan det har skjedd Undersøkelsen. Det ble utført dybdeintervjuer med ti personer i hver av kategoriene lærlinger, vikarer, fagarbeidere med lite erfaring og nyutdannede fra paramedic-utdanningene. Funn. Resultatene viste at en betydelig andel hadde opplevd systematisk overstyring de oppfattet som ubegrunnet. Mange hadde forsøkt å ta det opp med makker eller ledelse, men det endte ofte med konflikter. Opplevelsene av usaklig overstyring var jevnt fordelt i de fire gruppene, og kunne ikke knyttes til variabler som kjønn eller alder. Når det gjaldt dem som utførte overstyring ble eldre fagarbeidere med lang erfaring fremhevet. Funnene indikerte også at det er mest undertrykking av kompetanse i distriktene. Diskusjon. Undersøkelsen bør være spesielt tankevekkende for dem som jobber med yngre og nyutdannede. På personnivå bør hver enkelt gå i seg selv og vurdere hvordan man kan legge til rette for reelt samarbeid. På systemnivå bør det iverksettes tiltak som gjør at den beste kompetansen kommer til uttrykk slik at pasienter får best mulig hjelp, uavhengig av titler, fartstid og personlig prestisje. Det har liten hensikt å bruke store ressurser på å trene opp personell gjennom kompetansehevende tiltak som paramedic-utdanninger, hvis kompetansen holdes nede i det operative arbeidet.

• Nordby, Halvor (2010). Values in social work : a philosophical discussion of normative questions. Universitetet i Innlandet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fundamental disagreement between social workers and their clients often involve value conflicts. This philosophical working paper analyses such conflicts on the basis of central assumptions in Wittgenstein’s influential philosophy of language. According to Wittgenstein, the fact that personal values are relations to ‘ways of living’ in collective practices means that a strict rationalistic and individualistic model of justification does not apply in value-related discourse. Cases are used to show how Wittgenstein’s arguments have important implications in social work practice.

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