Svein Olav Kolset

• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Li, Yuchuan; Khanal, Prabhat; Hjorth, Marit; Kolset, Svein Olav & Norheim, Frode Amador [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Altered hepatic lipid droplet morphology and lipid metabolism in fasted Plin2-null mice. Journal of Lipid Research. ISSN 0022-2275. 64(12). doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100461. Full text in Research Archive
• Røstad-Tollefsen, Helen Kathrine; Kolset, Svein Olav; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Rendal, Heidi Hesselberg & Nordstrøm, Marianne (2023). Weight reduction and dietary improvements in a cluster-randomised controlled trial for adults with intellectual disabilities. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 67. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9505. Full text in Research Archive
• Pejšková, Lucie; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Kent, Matthew Peter; Solberg, Nina; Høst, Vibeke & To, Thu-Hien [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2023). Characterization of wooden breast myopathy: a focus on syndecans and ECM remodeling. Frontiers in Physiology. ISSN 1664-042X. 14, p. 1–17. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1301804. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The skeletal muscle deformity of commercial chickens (Gallus gallus), known as the wooden breast (WB), is associated with fibrotic myopathy of unknown etiology. For future breeding strategies and genetic improvements, it is essential to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotype. The pathophysiological hallmarks of WB include severe skeletal muscle fibrosis, inflammation, myofiber necrosis, and multifocal degeneration of muscle tissue. The transmembrane proteoglycans syndecans have a wide spectrum of biological functions and are master regulators of tissue homeostasis. They are upregulated and shed (cleaved) as a regulatory mechanism during tissue repair and regeneration. During the last decades, it has become clear that the syndecan family also has critical functions in skeletal muscle growth, however, their potential involvement in WB pathogenesis is unknown.

• Hope, Sigrun; Nærland, Terje; Kolset, Svein Olav; Ueland, Thor; Andreassen, Ole & Nordstrøm, Marianne (2023). Systemic immune profile in Prader-Willi syndrome: elevated matrix metalloproteinase and myeloperoxidase and reduced macrophage inhibitory factor. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. ISSN 1750-1172. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02730-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Meen, Astri Jeanette; Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Böttcher, Yvonne; Dankel, Simon N; Hoffmann, Anne & Blüher, Matthias [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 24(8). doi: 10.3390/ijms24086884. Full text in Research Archive
• Hetland, Geir; Fagerhol, Magne Kristoffer; Dimova-Svetoslavova, Veselka Petrova; Mirlashari, Mohammad Reza; Nguyen, Nhan Trung & Lind, Andreas [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Inflammatory markers calprotectin, NETs, syndecan-1 and neopterin in COVID-19 convalescent blood donors. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 82(6), p. 481–485. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2123387. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristiansen, Oddrun; Roland, Marie Cecilie; Zucknick, Manuela; Reine, Trine M.; Kolset, Svein Olav & Henriksen, Tore [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Maternal body mass index and placental weight: a role for fetal insulin, maternal insulin and leptin. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. ISSN 0391-4097. 45, p. 2105–2121. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01842-2. Show summary

  Purpose Placental weight (PW) has been found to mediate the main effect of maternal BMI on fetal size. Still, the BMI–PW association is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore potential explanatory variables, including gestational weight gain (GWG), early- and late-pregnancy circulating levels of maternal glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C, and fetal insulin. Methods We included two studies of pregnant women from Oslo University Hospital, Norway: the prospective STORK (n = 263) and the cross-sectional 4-vessel method study (4-vessel; n = 165). We used multiple linear regression for data analyses. A non-linear BMI-PW association was observed, which leveled off from BMI25. Therefore, BMI <25 and ≥25 were analyzed separately (n = 170/122 and 93/43 for STORK/4-vessel). Confounding variables included maternal age, parity, and gestational age. Results PW increased significantly per kg m−2 only among BMI <25 (univariate model’s std.β[p] = 0.233 [0.002] vs. 0.074[0.48]/0.296[0.001] vs. −0.030[0.85] for BMI <25 vs. ≥25 in STORK/4-vessel). Maternal early- but not late-pregnancy insulin and term fetal insulin were associated with PW. The estimated effect of early pregnancy insulin was similar between the BMI groups but statistically significant only among BMI <25 (std.β[p] = 0.182[0.016] vs. 0.203[0.07] for BMI <25 vs. ≥25). Late pregnancy leptin was inversely associated with PW with a 1.3/1.7-fold greater effect among BMI ≥25 than BMI <25 in the STORK/4-vessel. Conclusions The BMI–PW association was non-linear: an association was observed for BMI <25 but not for BMI ≥25. Leptin may be involved in the non-linear association through a placental–adipose tissue interplay. Maternal early pregnancy insulin and fetal insulin at term were associated with PW.

• Andreassen, R. Christel; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Solberg, Nina Therese; Grønlien, Krister Gjestvang; Kristoffersen, Kenneth Aase & Høst, Vibeke [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Production of food-grade microcarriers based on by-products from the food industry to facilitate the expansion of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells for cultured meat production. Biomaterials. ISSN 0142-9612. 286. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121602. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A major challenge for successful cultured meat production is the requirement for large quantities of skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Commercial microcarriers (MCs), such as Cytodex®1, enable extensive cell expansion by offering a large surface-to-volume ratio. However, the cell-dissociation step post cell expansion makes the cell expansion less efficient. A solution is using food-grade MCs made of sustainable raw materials that do not require a dissociation step and can be included in the final meat product. This study aimed to produce food-grade MCs from food industry by-products (i.e., turkey collagen and eggshell membrane) and testing their ability to expand bovine MuSCs in spinner flask systems for eight days. The MCs’ physical properties were characterized, followed by analyzing the cell adhesion, growth, and metabolic activity. All MCs had an interconnected porous structure. Hybrid MCs composed of eggshell membrane and collagen increased the mechanical hardness and stabilized the buoyancy compared to pure collagen MCs. The MuSCs successively attached and covered the entire surface of all MCs while expressing high cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and low cell cytotoxicity. Cytodex®1 MCs were included in the study. Relative gene expression of skeletal muscle markers showed reduced PAX7 and increased MYF5, which together with augmented proliferation marker MKI67 indicated activated and proliferating MuSCs on all MCs. Furthermore, the expression pattern of cell adhesion receptors (ITGb5 and SDC4) and focal adhesion marker VCL varied between the distinct MCs, indicating different specific cell receptor interactions with the various biomaterials. Altogether, our results demonstrate that these biomaterials are promising prospects to produce custom-fabricated food-grade MCs intended to expand MuSCs.

• Tellez Gabriel, Marta; Tekpli, Xavier; Reine, Trine M.; Hegge, Beate; Nielsen, Stephanie Rose & Chen, Meng [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Serglycin is Involved in TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is highly expressed by immune cells in breast cancer tissue. Frontiers in Oncology. ISSN 2234-943X. 12:868868, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.868868. Full text in Research Archive
• Deyab, Gia; Reine, Trine M.; Vuong, Tram Thu; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Hjeltnes, Gunnbjørg & Agewall, Stefan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Antirheumatic treatment is associated with reduced serum Syndecan-1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253247. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is essential for proper function of the endothelium and for vascular integrity, but its role in premature atherogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been studied yet. EG impairment can play a role in pathogenesis of vascular disease, and one of its characteristics is shedding of syndecan-1 from endothelial cells. Syndecan-1 shedding is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and counteracted by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1. Cardiovascular disease risk in RA is reversible by disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), but the exact modes of action are still unclear. Therefore, we examined effects of DMARDs on syndecan-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in RA patients, and searched for associations between these parameters and inflammatory activity. From the observational PSARA study, we examined 39 patients starting with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy (in MTX naïve patients, n = 19) or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in combination with MTX (in MTX non-responders, n = 20) due to active RA. Serum syndecan-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured at baseline and after six weeks of treatment. Serum syndecan-1 (p = 0.008) and TIMP-1 (p<0.001) levels decreased after six weeks of anti-rheumatic treatment. Levels of MMP-9 also decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant. The improvement in syndecan-1 levels were independent of changes in inflammatory activity. There was no significant difference in changes in syndecan-1 levels from baseline to 6 weeks between the MTX and TNFi groups, however the change was significant within the MTX group. Six weeks of antirheumatic treatment was associated with reduction in serum levels of syndecan-1, which might reflect reduced syndecan-1 shedding from EG. Thus, it is possible that EG-preserving properties of DMARDs might contribute to their cardioprotective effects. These effects may be at least partly independent of their anti-inflammatory actions. Our findings do not support the notion that syndecan-1 shedding in RA is mediated mainly by increased MMP-9 or decreased TIMP-9 serum concentration.

• Doncheva, Atanaska Ivanova; Norheim, Frode Amador; Hjorth, Marit; Grujic, Mirjana; Paivandy, Aida & Dankel, Simon N [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Serglycin Is Involved in Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 208(1), p. 121–132. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100231. Show summary

  Chronic local inflammation of adipose tissue is an important feature of obesity. Serglycin is a proteoglycan highly expressed by various immune cell types known to infiltrate adipose tissue under obese conditions. To investigate if serglycin expression has an impact on diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, we subjected Srgn+/+ and Srgn−/− mice (C57BL/6J genetic background) to an 8-wk high-fat and high-sucrose diet. The total body weight was the same in Srgn+/+ and Srgn−/− mice after diet treatment. Expression of white adipose tissue genes linked to inflammatory pathways were lower in Srgn−/− mice. We also noted reduced total macrophage abundance, a reduced proportion of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, and reduced formation of crown-like structures in adipose tissue of Srgn−/− compared with Srgn+/+ mice. Further, Srgn−/− mice had more medium-sized adipocytes and fewer large adipocytes. Differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (3T3-L1) was accompanied by reduced Srgn mRNA expression. In line with this, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse and human adipose tissue supports that Srgn mRNA is predominantly expressed by various immune cells, with low expression in adipocytes. Srgn mRNA expression was higher in obese compared with lean humans and mice, accompanied by an increased expression of immune cell gene markers. SRGN and inflammatory marker mRNA expression was reduced upon substantial weight loss in patients after bariatric surgery. Taken together, this study introduces a role for serglycin in the regulation of obesity-induced adipose inflammation.

• Kristiansen, Oddrun; Zucknick, Manuela; Reine, Trine M.; Kolset, Svein Olav; Jansson, Thomas & Powell, Theresa L. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Mediators linking maternal weight to birthweight and neonatal fat mass in healthy pregnancies. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). ISSN 0021-972X. 106(7), p. 1977–1993. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab166. Full text in Research Archive
• Røstad-Tollefsen, Helen K.; Kolset, Svein Olav; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Hesselberg, Heidi & Nordstrøm, Marianne (2020). Factors influencing the opportunities of supporting staff to promote a healthy diet in adults with intellectual disabilities. JARID: Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities. ISSN 1360-2322. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/jar.12846. Full text in Research Archive
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Aronsen, Jan Magnus; Pisconti, Addolorata; Høst, Vibeke & Lunde, Marianne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Syndecan-4–/– Mice Have Smaller Muscle Fibers, Increased Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 Pathways, and Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Components. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. ISSN 2296-634X. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00730. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is essential for skeletal muscle development and adaption in response to environmental cues such as exercise and injury. The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-4 has been reported to be essential for muscle differentiation, but few molecular mechanisms are known. Syndecan-4–/– mice are unable to regenerate damaged muscle, and display deficient satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. A reduced myofiber basal lamina has also been reported in syndecan-4–/– muscle, indicating possible defects in ECM production. To get a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, we have here investigated the effects of syndecan-4 genetic ablation on molecules involved in ECM remodeling and muscle growth, both under steady state conditions and in response to exercise. Methods: Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from sedentary and exercised syndecan-4–/– and WT mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Compared to WT, we found that syndecan-4–/– mice had reduced body weight, reduced muscle weight, muscle fibers with a smaller cross-sectional area, and reduced expression of myogenic regulatory transcription factors. Sedentary syndecan-4–/– had also increased mRNA levels of syndecan-2, decorin, collagens, fibromodulin, biglycan, and LOX. Some of these latter ECM components were reduced at protein level, suggesting them to be more susceptible to degradation or less efficiently translated when syndecan-4 is absent. At the protein level, TRPC7 was reduced, whereas activation of the Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 pathways were increased. Finally, although exercise induced upregulation of several of these components in WT, a further upregulation of these molecules was not observed in exercised syndecan-4–/– mice. Conclusion: Altogether our data suggest an important role of syndecan-4 in muscle development.

• Nordstrøm, Marianne; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Hope, Sigrun & Kolset, Svein Olav (2020). Nutritional challenges in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. ISSN 2352-4642. 4(6), p. 455–464. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30400-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Kolset, Svein Olav; Birkeland, Kåre I.; Drevon, Christian A & Reine, Trine M. (2019). Acute exercise increases syndecan-1 and -4 serum concentrations. Glycoconjugate Journal. ISSN 0282-0080. 36(2), p. 113–125. doi: 10.1007/s10719-019-09869-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Reine, Trine M.; Lanzalaco, Franceska; Kristiansen, Oddrun; Alvestad, Anne Randi; Satchell, Simon & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediated shedding of syndecan-4 in glomerular endothelial cells. Microcirculation. ISSN 1073-9688. :e12534. doi: 10.1111/micc.12534. Full text in Research Archive
• Rutkovskiy, Arkady; Olovyannikova, Maria; Siamansour, Tanja; Reine, Trine M.; Kolset, Svein Olav & Sand, Kristin Larsen [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Mechanical stress alters the expression of calcification-related genes in vascular interstitial and endothelial cells. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. ISSN 1569-9293. 28(5), p. 803–811. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivy339.
• Nordstrøm, Marianne; Kolset, Svein Olav & Rasmussen, Magnhild (2018). Ernæringsbehandling av pasienter med spinal muskelatrofi. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. p. 8–14.
• Solbu, Marit Dahl; Kolset, Svein Olav; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Wilsgaard, Tom; Løchen, Maja-Lisa & Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Gender differences in the association of syndecan-4 with myocardial infarction: The population-based Tromsø Study. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 278, p. 166–173. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.005.
• Kolseth, Ingrid Moss; Reine, Trine M.; Parker, Krystina; Sudworth, Amanda; Witczak, Bartlomiej J & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Increased levels of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory monocytes in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications (JDC). ISSN 1056-8727. 31(1), p. 245–252. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.06.029.
• Vuong, Tram Thu; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Kolset, Svein Olav & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2017). The enzyme profiles in the connective tissue attaching pin bones to the surrounding tissue is specific in farmed salmon (Salmo salar) and cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fish Physiology & Biochemistry. ISSN 0920-1742. 43(1), p. 19–25. doi: 10.1007/s10695-016-0264-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Post mortem storage is a necessary process for removal of pin bones without destruction of fillets, thereby avoiding volume and economic loss. However, the enzymes involved in loosening pin bones during storage have not been studied to a great extent. In this study, the activities and localization of MMPs in the connective tissue (CT) of pin bones dissected from fillet of salmon and cod were investigated. Interestingly, the enzyme activity profile in these two species was different during post mortem storage of fish fillets. Adding MMP inhibitor (GM6001) and serine protease inhibitor (Pefabloc) revealed different effects in the two species, suggesting different regulations in salmon and cod. In situ zymography with the same inhibitors verified MMP and serine protease activity in CT close to pin bone at early post mortem (6 h) in salmon. However, MMP inhibition was not evident in cod in this area at that time point. Immunohistochemistry further revealed MMP9 and MMP13 were located more to the outer rim of CT, facing the pin bone and adipose tissue, while MMP7 was more randomly distributed within CT in salmon. In contrast, all these three MMPs were randomly distributed in CT in cod. In summary, our study reveals different MMP enzyme profiles in salmon and cod in the pin bone area, influenced by serine proteases, and suggests that MMPs and serine proteases must be taken in consideration when studying the conditions for early pin bone removal.

• Reine, Trine M.; Jenssen, Trond Geir & Kolset, Svein Olav (2016). Glucosamine exposure reduces proteoglycan synthesis in primary human endothelial cells in vitro. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 60. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32615. Full text in Research Archive
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Østbye, Tone-Kari K; Krasnov, Aleksei; Vuong, Tram Thu; Veiseth-Kent, Eva & Kolset, Svein Olav [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). The role of extracellular matrix components in pin bone attachments during storage—a comparison between farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fish Physiology & Biochemistry. ISSN 0920-1742. p. 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10695-016-0309-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordstrøm, Marianne; Paus, Benedicte; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Kolset, Svein Olav (2016). The prevalence of metabolic risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Williams syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. ISSN 1366-8250. 41(3), p. 187–196. doi: 10.3109/13668250.2016.1167845.
• Reine, Trine M.; Vuong, Tram Thu; Rutkovskiy, Arkady; Meen, Astri Jeanette; Vaage, Ingvar Jarle & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Serglycin in Quiescent and Proliferating Primary Endothelial Cells. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145584. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjorth, Marit; Norheim, Frode; Meen, Astri Jeanette; Pourteymour, Shirin; Lee, Sindre & Holen, Torgeir [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). The effect of acute and long-term physical activity on extracelluar Matrix and serglycin in huuman skeletal muscle. Physiological Reports. ISSN 2051-817X. 3:e12473(8), p. 1–19. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12473.
• Meen, Astri Jeanette; Drevon, Christian A; Pejler, Gunnar; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Olstad, Ole Kristoffer & Åbrink, Magnus [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Serglycin protects against high fat diet-induced increase in serum LDL in mice. Glycoconjugate Journal. ISSN 0282-0080. 32, p. 703–714. doi: 10.1007/s10719-015-9621-7.
• Nordstrøm, Marianne; Paus, Benedicte; Andersen, Lene Frost & Kolset, Svein Olav (2015). Dietary aspects related to health and obesity in Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and Prader - Willi syndrome :. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 59(25847). doi: 10.3402/fnr.v59.25487.
• Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Vuong, Tram Thu; Rønning, Sissel Beate & Kolset, Svein Olav (2015). Matrix metalloproteinases in fish biology and matrix turnover. Matrix Biology. ISSN 0945-053X. 44-46, p. 86–93. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.009. Show summary

  Matrix metalloproteinases have important functions for tissue turnover in fish, with relevance both for the fish industry and molecular and cellular research on embryology, inflammation and tissue repair. These metalloproteinases have been studied in different fish types, subjected to both aquaculture and experimental conditions. This review highlights studies on these metalloproteinases in relation to both fish quality and health and further, the future importance of fish for basic research studies.

• Vuong, Tram Thu; Reine, Trine M.; Sudworth, Amanda; Jenssen, Trond Geir & Kolset, Svein Olav (2015). Syndecan-4 Is a Major Syndecan in Primary Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro, Modulated by Inflammatory Stimuli and Involved in Wound Healing. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. ISSN 0022-1554. 63(4), p. 280–292. doi: 10.1369/0022155415568995.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Stang, Espen; Kolset, Svein Olav; Hollung, Kristin & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2015). Syndecan-4 regulates muscle differentiation and is internalized from the plasma membrane during myogenesis. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129288. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-4 has been reported to be crucial for muscle differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms still remain to be fully understood. During in vitro differentiation of bovine muscle cells immunocytochemical analyses showed strong labelling of syndecan-4 intracellularly, in close proximity with Golgi structures, in membranes of intracellular vesicles and finally, in the nuclear area including the nuclear envelope. Chase experiments showed that syndecan-4 was internalized from the plasma membrane during this process. Furthermore, when syndecan-4 was knocked down by siRNA more myotubes were formed, and the expression of myogenic transcription factors, β1-integrin and actin was influenced. However, when bovine muscle cells were treated with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the cytoplasmic region of syndecan-4, myoblast fusion and thus myotube formation was blocked, both in normal cells and in syndecan-4 knock down cells. Altogether this suggests that the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 is important in regulation of myogenesis. The internalization of syndecan-4 from the plasma membrane during muscle differentiation and the nuclear localization of syndecan-4 in differentiated muscle cells may be part of this regulation, and is a novel aspect of syndecan biology which merits further studies.

• Kolseth, Ingrid Moss; Reine, Trine M.; Vuong, Tram Thu; Meen, Astri Jeanette; Fan, Qiong & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Serglycin is part of the secretory repertoire of LPS-activated monocytes. Immunity,Inflammation and Disease. ISSN 2050-4527. 3(1), p. 23–31. doi: 10.1002/iid3.47. Full text in Research Archive
• Kostovski, Emil; Hjeltnes, Nils; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Kolset, Svein Olav & Iversen, Per Ole (2015). Differences in bone mineral density, markers of bone turnover and extracellular matrix and daily life muscular activity among patients with recent motor incomplete versus -complete spinal cord injury. Calcified Tissue International. ISSN 0171-967X. 96, p. 145–154.
• Reine, Trine M.; Kolseth, Ingrid Moss; Meen, Astri Jeanette; Lindahl, Jørn Petter Hanto; Jenssen, Trond Geir & Reinholt, Finn P. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). Effects of restoring normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes on inflammatory profile and renal extracellular matrix structure after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. ISSN 0168-8227. 107(1), p. 46–53. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.10.006.
• Kostovski, Emil; Hjeltnes, Nils; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Kolset, Svein Olav & Iversen, Per Ole (2014). Differences in Bone Mineral Density, Markers of Bone Turnover and Extracellular Matrix and Daily Life Muscular Activity Among Patients with Recent Motor-Incomplete Versus Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury. Calcified Tissue International. ISSN 0171-967X. 96(2), p. 145–154. doi: 10.1007/s00223-014-9947-3.
• Lindahl, Jørn Petter Hanto; Reinholt, Finn P.; Eide, Ivar Anders; Hartmann, Anders; Midtvedt, Karsten & Holdaas, Hallvard [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2014). In patients with type 1 diabetes simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation preserves long-term kidney graft ultrastructure and function better than transplantation of kidney alone. Diabetologia. ISSN 0012-186X. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3353-2.
• Reine, Trine M.; Vuong, Tram Thu; Jenssen, Trond Geir & Kolset, Svein Olav (2014). Serglycin secretion is part of the inflammatory response in activated primary human endothelial cells in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects. ISSN 0304-4165. 1840(8), p. 2498–2505. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.002.
• Rieder, Anne; Grimmer, Stine J Staavi; Aachmann, Finn Lillelund; Westereng, Bjørge; Kolset, Svein Olav & Knutsen, Svein Halvor (2013). Generic tools to assess genuine carbohydrate specific effects on in vitro immune modulation exemplified by β-glucans. Carbohydrate Polymers. ISSN 0144-8617. 92(2), p. 2075–2083. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.092.
• Berven, Lise; Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Solberg, Rigmor; Kolset, Svein Olav & Samuelsen, Anne Berit C. (2013). Autoactivation of prolegumain is accelerated by glycosaminoglycans. Biochimie. ISSN 0300-9084. 95(4), p. 772–781. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.11.002. Show summary

  The cysteine protease legumain participates in several biological and pathological processes including tumour invasion and metastasis. Legumain is synthesized as a zymogen and undergoes pH-dependent autoactivation of the proform in order to reach an enzymatically active form. Here we demonstrate that the naturally occurring polyanionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) chondroitin 4-sulphate (C4S), chondroitin 6-sulphate (C6S), chondroitin 4,6-sulphate (C4,6S), heparin, heparan sulphate (HS) as well as chondroitin sulphate (CS)-derived decasaccharides accelerated the autocatalytic activation of prolegumain through ionic interactions in a concentration-, size- and time-dependent manner at pH 4.0. In contrast, at pH 5.0 only C4S and C4,6S were able to promote prolegumain activation, while CS-derived decasaccharides, C6S, heparin and HS lost their effect at this pH.

• Nordstrøm, Marianne; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann; Paus, Benedicte & Kolset, Svein Olav (2013). Accelerometer-determined physical activity and walking capacity in persons with Down syndrome, Williams syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities. ISSN 0891-4222. 34(12), p. 4395–4403. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.021.
• Reine, Trine M.; Grøndahl, Frøy; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Hadler-Olsen, Elin Synnøve; Prydz, Kristian & Kolset, Svein Olav (2013). Reduced Sulfation of Chondroitin Sulfate but Not Heparan Sulfate in Kidneys of Diabetic db/db Mice. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. ISSN 0022-1554. 61(8), p. 606–616. doi: 10.1369/0022155413494392.
• Kolset, Svein Olav; Reinholt, Finn P. & Jenssen, Trond Geir (2012). Diabetic nephropathy and extracellular matrix. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. ISSN 0022-1554. 60(12), p. 976–986. doi: 10.1369/0022155412465073.
• Fadnes, Bodil Irene; Husebekk, Anne; Svineng, Gunbjørg; Rekdal, Øystein; Yanagishita, Masaki & Kolset, Svein Olav [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). The proteoglycan repertoire of lymphoid cells. Glycoconjugate Journal. ISSN 0282-0080. 29(7), p. 513–523. doi: 10.1007/s10719-012-9427-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Tingbø, Monica Gausdal; Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Grøndahl, Frøy; Kolset, Svein Olav; Veiseth-Kent, Eva & Enersen, Grethe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Type of carbohydrate in feed affects the expression of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and interleukins in skeletal muscle of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology. ISSN 1050-4648. 33(3), p. 582–589. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.025.
• Reine, Trine M.; Kusche-Gullberg, Marion; Feta, Almir; Jenssen, Trond Geir & Kolset, Svein Olav (2012). Heparan sulfate expression is affected by inflammatory stimuli in primary human endothelial cells. Glycoconjugate Journal. ISSN 0282-0080. 29(1), p. 67–76. doi: 10.1007/s10719-011-9365-y.
• Tingbø, Monica Gausdal; Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Kolset, Svein Olav; Enersen, Grethe & Hannesson, Kirsten O. (2012). Lumican is a major small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) skeletal muscle. Glycoconjugate Journal. ISSN 0282-0080. 29(1), p. 13–23. doi: 10.1007/s10719-011-9358-x.
• Kolset, Svein Olav & Pejler, Gunnar (2011). Serglycin: A Structural and Functional Chameleon with Wide Impact on Immune Cells. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 187(10), p. 4927–4933. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100806.
• Hadler-Olsen, Elin Synnøve; Winberg, Jan-Olof; Reinholt, Finn P.; Larsen, Terje; Uhlin-Hansen, Lars & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Proteases in plasma and kidney of db /db mice as markers of diabetes-induced nephropathy. ISRN Endocrinology. ISSN 2090-4630. doi: 10.5402/2011/832642. Full text in Research Archive
• Rieder, Anne; Grimmer, Stine J Staavi; Kolset, Svein Olav; Michaelsen, Terje Einar & Knutsen, Svein Halvor (2011). Cereal beta-glucan preparations of different weight average molecular weights induce variable cytokine secretion in human intestinal epithelial cell lines. Food Chemistry. ISSN 0308-8146. 128(4), p. 1037–1043. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.010.
• Thiara, Amrit Paul Singh; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Videm, Vibeke; Andersen, Vidar Ytterdal; Svennevig, Katja Christiane & Kolset, Svein Olav [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Biocompatibility and pathways of initial complement pathway activation with Phisio- and PMEA-coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits during open-heart surgery. Perfusion. ISSN 0267-6591. 26(2), p. 107–114. doi: 10.1177/0267659110392438.
• Meen, Astri Jeanette; Øynebråten, Inger; Reine, Trine M.; Duelli, Annette; Svennevig, Katja Christiane & Pejler, Gunnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Serglycin Is a Major Proteoglycan in Polarized Human Endothelial Cells and Is Implicated in the Secretion of the Chemokine GRO alpha/CXCL1. Journal of Biological Chemistry. ISSN 0021-9258. 286(4), p. 2636–2647. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.151944. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindmark, Marianne; Trygg, Kerstin Ulla; Giltvedt, Kaja & Kolset, Svein Olav (2010). Nutritient intake of young children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 54.
• Henriksen, Hege & Kolset, Svein Olav (2009). Sukker- forbruk, tannhelse og overvekt. Den norske tannlegeforenings tidende. ISSN 0029-2303. 119(6), p. 350–354.
• Henriksen, Hege & Kolset, Svein Olav (2009). Sukker- forbruk, tannhelse og overvekt. Tenner i Fokus. ISSN 0802-0752. p. 14–18.
• Negaard, Helene Francisca Stigter; Svennevig, Katja Christiane; Kolset, Svein Olav; Iversen, Nina; Bowitz-Lothe, IM & Østenstad, Bjørn [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2009). Alterations in regulators of the extracellular matrix in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Leukemia and Lymphoma. ISSN 1042-8194. 50(6), p. 998–1004. doi: 10.1080/10428190902889270. Show summary

  Bone marrow angiogenesis is increased in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Compounds affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) may modify angiogenesis. Here we investigated ECM regulators in 48 unselected NHL patients compared with 35 controls. Untreated patients had elevated (P < 0.05) serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1, while MMP-2, TIMP-2 and syndecan-1 were not significantly different from controls. MMP-9 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in blood mononuclear cells, while mRNA expressions of the other ECM regulators were unaltered. We found strong correlations between mRNA expressions of both vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, and MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. After therapy, serum MMP-2 increased while MMP-9 decreased (P < 0.05), the others being unchanged. Several compounds affecting ECM may be involved in angiogenic activity in NHL.

• Prydz, Kristian; Vuong, T. T. & Kolset, Svein Olav (2009). Glycosaminoglycan secretion in xyloside treated polarized human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells. Glycoconjugate Journal. ISSN 0282-0080. 26(9), p. 1117–1124. doi: 10.1007/s10719-009-9232-2.
• Duelli, Annette; Rønnberg, Elin; Kolset, Svein Olav; Pejler, G.; Kolset, SO & Pejler, G (2009). Mast cell differentiation and activation is closely linked to expression of genes coding for the serglycin proteoglycan core protein and a distinct set of chondroitin sulfate and heparin sulfotransferases. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 183(11), p. 7073–7083. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900309.
• Gharagzlian, Sedegheh; Svennevig, Katja Christiane; Bangstad, Hans-Jacob; Winberg, J. - O. & Kolset, Svein Olav (2009). Matrix metalloproteinases in subjects with type 1 diabetes. BMC Clinical Pathology. ISSN 1472-6890. 9.
• Gharagozlian, Sedegheh; Svennevig, Katja; Bangstad, Hans Jacob; Winberg, Jan-Olof & Kolset, S O (2009). Matrix metalloproteinases in subjects with type I diabetes. BMC Clinical Pathology. ISSN 1472-6890. 9(7). doi: 10.1186/1472-6890-9-7.
• Rehn, Tommy A.; Borge, Bengt Åge Sørby; Lunde, Per K.; Munkvik, Morten; Sneve, Marianne Lunde & Grøndahl, Frøy [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2009). Temporary fatigue and altered extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle during progression of heart failure in rats. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. ISSN 0363-6119. 297(1), p. R26–R33. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.90617.2008.

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• Nordstrøm, Marianne & Kolset, Svein Olav (2019). God mat for kropp og helse. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 978-82-450-2390-9. 242 p.
• Kolset, Svein Olav (2011). An exceptional fellow. A father´s story. Dinamo Forlag. ISBN 978-82-8071-241-7. 194 p.
• Holmlund, Heidi; Kolset, Svein Olav; Johansen, Ståle & Hovland, Kristoffer (2011). Spis deg best. Mat for deg som vil yte langt og lenge. Dinamo. ISBN 978-82-8071-248-6. 221 p.
• Kolset, Svein Olav (2011). En sjelden kar - en fars beretning. Dinamo. ISBN 978-82-8071-2424. 194 p.

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• Pejšková, Lucie; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Kent, Matthew Peter; Wold, Jens Petter; Mosleth, Ellen Færgestad & Høst, Vibeke [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Shedding of syndecans play a crucial role in the extensive remodelling of the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle myopathy in chicken .
• Pejšková, Lucie; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Kent, Matthew Peter; Høst, Vibeke; Solberg, Nina & Kolset, Svein Olav [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Syndecans as potential regulators of the severe skeletal muscle myopathy .
• Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Rønning, Sissel Beate & Kolset, Svein Olav (2023). Editorial: Growth and Tissue Regeneration with focus on Proteoglycans. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. ISSN 2296-634X. 11, p. 1–2. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1139044. Full text in Research Archive
• Andreassen, R. Christel; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Solberg, Nina; Grønlien, Krister Gjestvang; Kristoffersen, Kenneth Aase & Høst, Vibeke [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Production of food-grade microcarriers based on by-products from the food industry to facilitate the expansion of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells for cultured meat production.
• Kolset, Svein Olav; Heier, Martin & Retterstøl, Kjetil (2020). Retensjon av lipoproteiner i arevegg-mulig mal for behandling? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(10), p. 1–5. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0803.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Aronsen, Jan Magnus; Høst, Vibeke; Pisconti, Addolorate & Lunde, Marianne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). Extracellular Matrix remodeling and multiple signaling pathways are regulated by syndecan-4 during myogenesis.
• Kolset, Svein Olav; Nordstrøm, Marianne; Hope, Sigrun; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Iversen, Per Ole (2018). Securing rights and nutritional Health for persons with intellectual disabilities - a pressing challenge. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 62. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1268. Full text in Research Archive
• Hope, Sigrun; Nordstrøm, Marianne; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Iversen, Per Ole & Kolset, Svein Olav (2018). Retten til et helsefremmende kosthold for personer med utviklingshemning. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(2), p. 122–123. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0985.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Aronsen, Jan Magnus; Høst, Vibeke; Liland, Kristian Hovde & Stang, Espen [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Syndecan-4 is a skeletal muscle regenerator and is important for normal skeletal muscle fibre development.
• Kolset, Svein Olav (2017). Sjeldne diagnoser: Hjelper det å skrive bok? Noen tanker 10 år etter en bokutgivelse. Fontene forskning. ISSN 1890-9868. p. 42–43.
• Kolset, Svein Olav (2016). Medical disorders: Stop marginalizing rare syndromes. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 536(7617). doi: 10.1038/536396c.
• Kolset, Svein Olav (2016). Stop marginalizing rare syndromes. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 536.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Høst, Vibeke; Aronsen, Jan Magnus; Liland, Kristian Hovde & Stang, Espen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Syndecan-4 is important for normal skeletal muscle fibre development .
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Hollung, Kristin; Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Stang, Espen & Kolset, Svein Olav [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Syndecan-4 in skeletal muscle development and regeneration.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Vuong, Tram Thu; Veiseth-Kent, Eva; Østbye, Tone-Kari K; Kolset, Svein Olav & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2015). A study of the firm attachment of pin bones in farmed salmon (Salmo salar) – the role of extracellular matrix components.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, C. R.; Stang, Espen; Kolset, Svein Olav; Christensen, Geir Arve & Hollung, Kristin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Syndecan-4 in skeletal muscle development and regeneration.
• Vuong, Tram Thu; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Kolset, Svein Olav & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2015). The role of connective tissue components and MMPs in pin bone attachment in salmon and cod .
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Stang, Espen; Kolset, Svein Olav; Christensen, Geir Arve & Hollung, Kristin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Syndecan-4 is important for skeletal muscle development.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Hollung, Kristin; Kolset, Svein Olav & Stang, Espen (2015). Syndecan-4 in skeletal muscle development and regeneration.
• Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Stang, Espen; Kolset, Svein Olav & Hollung, Kristin (2015). Syndecan-4 is important for skeletal muscle development.
• Iversen, Per Ole; Negaard, Helene Francisca Stigter; Østenstad, Bjørn; Sandset, Per Morten & Kolset, Svein Olav (2015). Evidence for long term hypercoagulopathy, but normalization of markers of extracellular matrix turnover, in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia and Lymphoma. ISSN 1042-8194. 56(8), p. 2479–2481. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2013.803227.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Kolset, Svein Olav; Stang, Espen; Hollung, Kristin & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2014). Syndecan-4 is involved in regulation of muscle differentiation at multiple stages and by different mechanisms.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Kolset, Svein Olav; Stang, Espen; Hollung, Kristin & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2014). Syndecan-4 in muscel development.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Vuong, Tram Thu; Østbye, Tone-Kari K; Hollung, Kristin; Veiseth-Kent, Eva & Larsson, Thomas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Feste av pinnebein i torsk og laks‐bindevevets rolle og prosesser involvert i nedbrytningen av dette.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Kolset, Svein Olav; Stang, Espen; Hollung, Kristin & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2014). The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan 4 is important for in vitro muscle cell differentiation.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Vuong, Tram Thu; Østbye, Tone-Kari K; Larsson, Thomas; Kolset, Svein Olav & Hollung, Kristin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Connective tissue and the attachment of pin bone in salmon and cod.
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Kolset, Svein Olav; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Hollung, Kristin & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2013). Syndecan-4 signaling is important for early differentiation and fusion of muscle cells in vitro.
• Lindahl, Jørn Petter Hanto; Hartmann, Anders; Reinholt, Finn P.; Hestvaag, H; Stranda, Annicke & Kolset, Svein Olav [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Preserved Renal Function and Structure with Simultaneuos Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Compared to Living Single Kidney Transplantation. American Journal of Transplantation. ISSN 1600-6135. 12(supp. 3), p. 133–134.
• Berven, Lise; Johansen, Harald Thidemann; Solberg, Rigmor; Kolset, Svein Olav & Samuelsen, Anne Berit C. (2012). INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROLEGUMAIN AND GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS.
• Tingbø, Monica Gausdal; Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Grøndahl, Frøy; Kolset, Svein Olav; Enersen, Grethe & Hannesson, Kirsten O. (2011). Expression of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) skeletal muscle was altered in fish on a high-starch diet.
• Negaard, Helene FS; Sandset, Per Morten; Kolset, Svein Olav; Svennevig, Katja Christiane; Østenstad, Bjørn & Iversen, Per Ole (2011). Associations between regulators of extracellular matrix and hemostatic factors in hematologic neoplasias. Leukemia and Lymphoma. ISSN 1042-8194. 52(6), p. 1157–1159. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2011.563886.
• Rehn, Tommy Aune; Lunde, Per Kristian; Borge, BA; Stranda, Annicke; Aronsen, Jon magnus & Sjaastad, Ivar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2008). Contribution of skeletal muscle to cytokine production in heart failure. Biophysical Journal. ISSN 0006-3495. 94(1).
• Andreassen, R. Christel; Kolset, Svein Olav; Rønning, Sissel Beate & Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth (2022). Sustainable bioproduction of animal proteins for human consumption and optimizing the use of protein rich by-products from the food industry. University of Oslo. ISSN 978-82-8377-984-4.
• Pedersen, Mona Elisabeth; Vuong, Tram Thu; Østbye, Tone-Kari K; Veiseth-Kent, Eva; Larsson, Thomas & Hollung, Kristin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Feste av pinnebein i torsk og laks - bindevevets rolle og prosesser involvert i nedbrytning av dette. Sluttrapport. Nofima. ISSN 978-82-8296-190-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Det er begrenset kjennskap til hvordan pinnebein er festet til muskelen, hvilke strukturer som inngår og hvilke prosesser som er involvert i nedbrytningen når disse løsner. Målsetningen til dette prosjektet har vært å få mer kunnskap om dette. Pinnebein fra torsk og laks ble dissekert ut fra fileter lagret på is ved ulike tidspunkter etter slakt, og analysert med ulike metoder. I torsk fester bindevevet beina til muskelen, men hos laks utgjør også fettvev en stor del av festestrukturen. Sammensetningen av bindevevskomponenter og typer enzymer som uttrykkes i dette festet var forskjellig på mRNA nivå mellom laks og torsk. Vi ser at kollagener, elastin, lektin-bindende proteiner og proteoglykaner er viktig i dette festet. Det ble påvist flere typer nedbrytningsenzymer, både matriks metalloproteinaser, serin proteaser og elastaser, i bindevevet rundt beina hos begge arter, og disse har forskjellig aktivitetsprofil under lagring post mortem. Nedbrytningen av festestrukturen skjer i bindevevsdraget innerst mot pinnebeina. Denne studien viser at festet av pinnebein i torsk og laks er forskjellig, og utvikling av metoder og betingelser for optimal fjerning bør tilpasses hver enkelt art. Videre ser vi at det er forskjeller i regulering av enzymer som bryter ned bindevev rundt pinnebein sammenlignet med bindevev i muskel. Denne kunnskapen bør man prøve å utnytte til å løsne beina ved hjelp av naturlige prosesser, med minimal påvirkning på muskelmasse i fiskefileten. Kunnskap om prosess og behandling av fisken som påvirker enzymaktiviteten vil kunne være en naturlig innfallsvinkel i det videre arbeidet med å løsne pinnebeina.

• Rieder, Anne; Kolset, Svein Olav; Knutsen, Svein Halvor & Grimmer, Stine J Staavi (2013). Dietary immune-modulation - carbohydrate specific effects of cereal and yeast β-glucansDietary immune-modulation - carbohydrate specific effects of cereal and yeast β-glucans. 7Letras. ISSN 9788282645256.

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