Our latest publications

• Pettersen, Johanne Hagen; Barker, Mary M; Christoffersen, Lea Arregui Nordahl; Johnson, Sverre Urnes; Kõiv, Kadri & Magnusdottir, Ingibjörg [Show all 44 contributors for this article] (2026). Cohort Profile Update: COVIDMENT: COVID-19 cohorts on mental health across six nations. International Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0300-5771. 55(6). doi: 10.1093/ije/dyag233. Full text in Research Archive
• Meltzer, Helle Margrete; Christensen, Jacob J. & Ydersbond, Trond Arild (2026). Kostrådet for rødt kjøtt: implikasjoner for matproduksjonen i Norge. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 24(3), p. 168–176. doi: 10.18261/ntfe.24.3.4. Full text in Research Archive
• Gervin, Kristina; Kverneland, Magnhild; Nakken, Karl Otto; Rudi, Knut; Iversen, Per Ole & Selmer, Kaja Kristine (2026). Epigenetic ageing is accelerated in drug-resistant epilepsy and dynamically modulated during ketogenic diet therapy. EBioMedicine. 131. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106449.
• Daele, Wim Van; Tadeo, Raul Yhossef Tito; Perera, Jennifer; Tshokey, Tshokey; Iversen, Per Ole & Jayasinghe, Saroj [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2026). Toward ethical human microbiome research: improving health through radical interdisciplinary and intercultural co-laboration. Microbiome. 14. doi: 10.1186/s40168-026-02340-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract As human microbiome research is globalizing, it raises ethical concerns regarding the European and North American dominance in the field, which may reproduce a colonial bias and perpetuate inequities in global health research and outcomes. We suggest disentangling this ethical quandary into three main concerns: 1) scientific bias toward European and North American populations; 2) limited meaningful community inclusion, participation, and ownership, and 3) scant significant inclusion of diverse global researchers. We then formulate three recommendations for their resolution, deploying co-laboration —joint labor of diverse partners in generating synergies between diverse disciplines, cultures, and knowledges around shared concerns—and co-laborative science —a form of citizen science based on such synergies between diverse partners—to guide meaningful inclusive, participatory, and ethical human microbiome research. To conclude, we promote a programmatic list for putting co-laborative ethical science into practice, benefiting global communities, individuals, and researchers alike and decolonizing and improving health worldwide.

• Sousa, Ana Rita Sequeira de; Klemsdal, Tor Ole; Ghiasvand, Reza; Svendsen, Mette; Birkeland, Kåre Inge & Sveen, Kari Anne (2026). Lifestyle modifications in individuals with blood pressure beyond treatment target despite pharmacological treatment: design and baseline characteristics of the MeDiPA randomised controlled trial. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 35(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2026.2705014. Full text in Research Archive
• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Bålsrud, Pia; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Ottestad, Inger Olaug & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2026). Cetoleic acid rich fish oil increases plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids in healthy volunteers: a double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. p. 1–28. doi: 10.1017/S0007114526107958. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Intake of fish and supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cetoleic acid promotes n-3 PUFA generation in salmon and human HepG2 cells, but data in humans are scarce. To explore the effect of cetoleic acid on n-3 PUFA levels, we performed a double-blinded randomised controlled trial in healthy adults (37 females and 12 males) for four weeks. The participants were randomised to consume either capsules with mackerel oil, naturally rich in cetoleic acid, or a control oil, both with a similar concentration of n-3 PUFA. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04841044). Supplements with mackerel oil resulted in higher plasma levels of the n-3 PUFAs 20:4n-3 (Eicosatetraenoic acid) and 20:5n-3 (Eicosapentaenoic acid) as compared with those receiving control oil. In addition, those who received the cetoleic-rich capsules had higher levels of 20:4n-3 in the RBC membrane and a decrease in expression of elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found no differences in lipid, glucose or C-reactive protein between the two treatment groups, consisting of healthy subjects. Our data suggests that supplementation with cetoleic-rich mackerel oil may result in increased levels of certain n-3 PUFAs. Further studies should include patients with or at risk for metabolic and CVD.

• Kvammen, Janne Anita; Thomassen, Rut Anne; Godang, Kristin; Buchner, Jochen; Bollerslev, Jens & Bentsen, Beint Sigmund [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Body Composition, Bone Health, and Dietary Intake in Children After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Nutrients. 18(13). doi: 10.3390/nu18132193. Full text in Research Archive
• Langslet, Gisle; Kollstad, Synne; Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes; Erke, Maja Gran; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2026). Retinal findings in familial hypercholesterolemia: An exploratory case-control study. Atherosclerosis Plus. ISSN 2667-0909. 65. doi: 10.1016/j.athplu.2026.100571. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensen, Silje Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ulven, Stine Marie; Anfinsen, Åslaug Matre; Dierkes, Jutta & Lysne, Vegard [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Lipoprotein metabolism and inflammation in healthy young subjects – exploring the postprandial and postabsorptive phases following intake of a standardized meal. Atherosclerosis Plus. ISSN 2667-0909. 65. doi: 10.1016/j.athplu.2026.100572. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims: Commonly measured cardiometabolic biomarkers have not been systematically characterized across the long-term continuum of the postprandial and postabsorptive phases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how the exact time since last meal impacts test results for lipoprotein particles and inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: We used data from a trial where 34 normal-weighted males and females aged 20-30 y were included. Subjects fasted 12 h, had blood sampled at baseline, then consumed a standardized, habitual breakfast meal, and had blood sampled 13 more times over the next 24 h. NMR metabolomics was used to quantify lipoprotein subclasses and various biomarkers, and ELISA to analyze VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and IL-6. We characterized the postprandial and postabsorptive responses using visualizations and non-linear mixed effects models. Results: Six VLDL subclasses increased by 11-429% within 2-4 h postprandially before returning to baseline levels, followed by another increase 8-10 h after intake of the breakfast meal. IDL and three LDL subclasses increased around 10-12% over 24 h. Four HDL subclasses showed an inverse association with VLDL subclasses, reaching their lowest levels about 1 h after the meal and peaking after 8-10 h with a 5-15% increase from baseline. Participants had an average increase of 325% in IL-6 10 h after breakfast, while other inflammatory biomarkers showed little change over time. For most biomarkers, males generally exhibited higher baseline concentrations compared to females, however the responses over time remained similar. Conclusions: Baseline levels and time of return to baseline varied between individuals, with some sex-specific differences in responses. TG-rich lipoproteins and VLDL increased postprandially and normalized by 12-24 h, whereas IDL and LDL showed minor early changes but increased by 24 h. IL-6 increased markedly during the first 10 h and returned to baseline by 12-24 h, while other inflammatory markers changed little.

• Kjendbakke, Ida; Selmer, Kaja Kristine; Nakken, Karl Otto; Hofoss, Dag; Iversen, Per Ole & Kverneland, Magnhild (2026). Micronutrient intake in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy treated with the modified Atkins diet needs monitoring. Frontiers in Nutrition. 13. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1797011. Full text in Research Archive
• Basak, Sanjay; Varma, Saikanth; Nag, Subhalakshmi & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2026). Transgenerational exposure to plastics-derived endocrine‐disrupting bisphenol A and its analogs on male infertility: impact of gut dysbiosis and epigenetic regulation. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 17. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1799472. Full text in Research Archive
• Limani, Naman; Henriksen, Hege Berg; Minge, Mina Marie; Sandoval, Viviana; Landberg, Rikard & Lindqvist, Helen M. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2026). Effect of different sources of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on postprandial inflammation: A double-blind randomized crossover trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 74. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103335. Full text in Research Archive
• Ramanathan, Jayanthi; Sullivan, David; Watts, Gerald; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Tiong, Yee Sian (2026). Familial hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. ISSN 1752-296X. Publish Ahead of Print. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000954. Full text in Research Archive
• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Raal, Frederick J.; Watts, Gerald F.; Christensen, Jacob Juel & Lennep, Jeanine Roeters van (2026). Challenges in the care of woman with familial hypercholesterolaemia during the reproductive period – current evidence and practical guidance. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 415. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2026.120679. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Thomas; Elshorbagy, Amany; Tore, Elena C.; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Stolt, Emma Theresia Kjelland & Blokland, Gabriëlla A.M. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2026). Higher plasma serine levels are associated with favorable values of metabolic health markers among middle-aged and older adults in The Maastricht Study. GeroScience. ISSN 2509-2715. doi: 10.1007/s11357-026-02237-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Laboratory studies indicate a mechanistic role for serine in the metabolic benefits induced by dietary restriction of methionine and cysteine. To investigate the association of plasma serine with metabolic health markers in humans, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a subset of data from The Maastricht Study (n = 1199). Linear regression analyses (adjusted for confounding variables) were conducted to investigate whether plasma serine is associated with markers of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and body composition. Interaction analyses were conducted to investigate whether sex, diabetes status, and plasma total cysteine modify the association of serine with metabolic markers. Correlations between dietary intake of sulfur amino acids and plasma amino acids, including methionine and total cysteine, were also investigated. Elevated plasma serine was associated with favorable changes in markers of lipid metabolism (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and indices of multiple fatty acid desaturases), glucose homeostasis (insulin resistance and glucose tolerance), fat utilization (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone), and body composition (visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots, liver fat, and body mass index). Some associations were stronger in males than in females and in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes than in those without diabetes. Associations of plasma serine with body mass index, total fat mass, total lean mass, and subcutaneous adipose tissue weakened as plasma cysteine increased. Combined methionine and cysteine intake was inversely associated with plasma serine. Findings suggest that plasma serine is strongly associated with improved metabolic health in humans. Additional studies are required to confirm whether the associations are causal.

• Ølnes, Åsa Schawlann; Teigen, Marianne; Strøm, Thea Bismo; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Rimbert, Antoine & Eggen, Anne Elise [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Genetic testing in individuals with extreme HDL-C levels: Diagnostic yield and clinical implications from the Tromsø Study. PLOS ONE. 21(4 April). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0344627. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence of genetic variants responsible for extreme levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and evaluate the adequacy of current thresholds for genetic testing of HDL-related dyslipidemia. Methods Using data from the Tromsø Study, a population-based cohort in Northern Norway, we identified 210 individuals with HDL-C levels ≤ 0.5 mmol/L or ≥ 3.0 mmol/L. Six HDL-related genes (ABCA1, APOA1, CETP, LCAT, PLTP, SCARB1) were sequenced in these participants. We classified variants according to ACMG guidelines, incorporating functional assays and UK Biobank data for additional phenotype-genotype associations. Results We identified 38 variants of interest across six HDL-related genes, of which 10 were considered potentially causative, found in 14 individuals. Genetic causes were detected in 33.3% of individuals with low HDL-C and 5.05% of those with high HDL-C. Sex-specific analyses showed that using HDL-C thresholds aligned with population distributions improved detection of individuals with pathogenic variants, particularly among women with high HDL-C and men with low HDL-C. These findings suggest that current uniform thresholds may overlook clinically relevant cases and that incorporating sex-specific HDL-C distributions could enhance the identification of individuals with suspected genetic HDL disorders. Conclusions Genetic testing for HDL-related dyslipidemia is underutilized, with many individuals not meeting the current extreme HDL-C threshold criteria. Revised sex-specific thresholds for genetic testing will improve the identification of pathogenic variants and provide more accurate diagnoses of HDL-related disorders. Continued research is essential to refine our understanding of HDL genetics and its clinical implications.

• Bålsrud, Pia; Ulven, Stine Marie; Hjartåker, Anette; Ottestad, Inger Olaug; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Schwab, Ursula [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2026). Association between dietary protein intake and frailty index among home-dwelling older adults; an 8-year follow-up study. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. ISSN 1279-7707. 30(6). doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100850. Full text in Research Archive
• Gervin, Kristina; Kverneland, Magnhild; Nakken, Karl Otto; Rudi, Knut; Iversen, Per Ole & Landmark, Cecilie Johannessen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). DNA methylation of antiseizure medication metabolism genes and pharmacokinetic changes in adult epilepsy patients treated with the modified Atkins diet. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12263-026-00796-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The modified Atkins diet is increasingly used as an adjunctive therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Recent evidence suggests that such dietary interventions may affect the pharmacokinetics of antiseizure medications and induce DNA methylation changes. However, it remains unclear whether epigenetic regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes contributes to variability in medication serum levels. Results We analyzed 58 adults with drug-resistant epilepsy treated with a modified Atkins diet for 12 weeks. DNA methylation was profiled in peripheral blood before diet initiation (baseline) and after 4 weeks and 12 weeks using a genome-wide array. A total of 131 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites mapped to 13 candidate genes involved in antiseizure medication metabolism were assessed. One CpG in the CES1 gene showed significant methylation changes from baseline to 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and across all timepoints (FDR = 0.0018), indicating consistent longitudinal effects. Repeated measures correlation analyses were used to evaluate within-individual associations between DNA methylation and antiseizure medication serum concentrations. Two CpG–drug associations showed strong positive intra-individual correlations: CYP3A5 methylation was significantly associated with carbamazepine serum levels (repeated measures correlation coefficient = 0.81, FDR = 0.023), whereas CYP3A4 methylation showed a similarly strong but borderline association with topiramate (correlation coefficient = 0.76, FDR = 0.051). Conclusions This study finds that a modified Atkins diet may be associated with DNA methylation variation at genes involved in drug metabolism. Furthermore, DNA methylation levels were strongly associated with individual serum concentrations of certain antiseizure medications. These findings are consistent with the concept of a diet–epigenome–drug metabolism axis and warrant further investigation in larger studies to assess clinical implications for personalized dietary and pharmacological management in epilepsy.

• Das, Ranjit Kumar; Sahoo, Nirakar; Roy, Deepa; Nguyen, Lauren; Rodrigo, Hansapani & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Interferon-induced protein IFIT3 as a molecular nexus of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12974-026-03713-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) are significant global health concerns characterized by cognitive impairment and shared pathological features, including chronic neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition, and immune dysregulation. However, the precise molecular connections between these disorders remain unclear. Here, we identify IFIT3 as a critical shared mediator of neuroinflammatory responses in both AD and HAND. Using complementary approaches, including neuronal and microglial cell cultures, the APP/PS1 mouse model, and human postmortem brain tissues, we demonstrate consistent IFIT3 upregulation in response to amyloid-beta (Aβ) and HIV-1 exposure, with notably enhanced expression under combined conditions. Treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) partially mitigated IFIT3 induction. Additionally, siRNA-mediated silencing of IFIT3 significantly reduced key inflammatory mediators, including mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), nuclear factor-κB, and proinflammatory cytokines. Clinically, elevated IFIT3 expression was associated with early HAND and progressively increased across advancing AD Braak stages. Together, these findings identify IFIT3 as a potential molecular bridge between HAND and AD, highlighting its promise as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target for inflammation-driven neurodegeneration.

• Klevmoen, Marianne; Lennep, Jeanine Roeters van; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Vesterbekkmo, Elisabeth Kleivhaug; Pedersen, Eva Ringdal & Hovland, Anders Wilhelm [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2026). Extensive pregnancy-related off-treatment time in women with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 415. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2026.120668. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims: Women with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) lose substantial treatment time during their reproductive years as most lipid-lowering therapies are contraindicated from the preconception through the end of breastfeeding. We examined the duration of real-life pregnancy-related off-treatment time in 27 women with FH in Norway. Methods: Women with FH in Norway who had completed the ongoing FH-FEMINA study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05367310) were included. Women were followed from 36th week of gestation and until one year after delivery or until end of breastfeeding. Information on use of medication before, during and after the current and previous pregnancies was collected. Pregnancy-related off-treatment time was calculated from discontinuation of lipid-lowering therapy when planning pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, and after delivery. Results: The total duration of pregnancy-related off-treatment time after all childbirths (median 1, range 1-3) per woman was a median of 2.9 years (25th-75th percentile; 1.6-4.0), ranging from 0.8 to 12 years. The pregnancy itself accounted for median of 42.1% of the pregnancy-related off-treatment time, whereas the time before and after pregnancy accounted for a median of 57.9% (range 11.4% to 91.2%). When including untreated years in childhood and/or prior to diagnosis, the lifelong off-treatment time represented a median of 66.3% (range 41.9 to 100%) of lifetime without treatment. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential in girls with FH to compensate for pregnancy-related off-treatment time later in life. To minimize these pregnancy-related off-treatment periods, healthcare professionals should support women with FH to resume lipid-lowering therapy immediately after breastfeeding and between pregnancies. In addition, more knowledge on the potential effects of statin use during pregnancy and breastfeeding on maternal and offspring health is urgently needed.

• Severinsen, Frida; Varsi, Cecilie; Andersen, Lene Frost; Henriksen, Christine & Paulsen, Mari Mohn (2026). Implementation of Digital Seamless Nutrition Care throughout the Treatment Course for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Process Evaluation. Current Developments in Nutrition (CDN). 10(4), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107677. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Nutritional interventions may reduce the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer; however, implementation often fails due to barriers at various levels. Process evaluations can provide an understanding of implementation outcomes, mechanisms of impact, and context and provide information about feasibility and acceptability. Objectives To perform a process evaluation of the Nutrition Throughout the Treatment Course (NUTREAT) intervention, including use of the MyFood app and web report. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate 1) the acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, and fidelity of the intervention, 2) the implementation plan, and 3) patient adherence to the intervention. Methods A mixed methods approach was applied, including individual interviews, a focus group discussion, log data from electronic patient records (EPRs), an experience questionnaire, and information from the MyFood web report. Proctor’s implementation outcomes guided the development of the interview guide and analysis. Themes were deductively established using codebook thematic analysis. The implementation plan was evaluated through logs of completed activities. Log data from EPRs were collected to evaluate fidelity among healthcare professionals (HCPs), and information from the MyFood web report informed patient adherence to the intervention. Results Individual interviews were conducted with patients (n = 8), registered nurses (n = 3), and leaders (n = 2), and a focus group discussion was conducted with registered dietitians (n = 6). Patients, registered nurses, registered dietitians, and leaders found the intervention acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. Patient adherence was high, whereas fidelity among HCPs was low. Conclusions The NUTREAT intervention increased patients’ awareness of their own nutritional requirements and was considered helpful by HCPs in preparing for patient consultations. However, fidelity among HCPs was low. Future efforts should focus on identifying strategies to improve fidelity among HCPs and study the long-term sustainability of the intervention.

• Slettahjell, Hanne Bjørg; Strøm, Vegard; Thoresen, Magne; Strøm, Mona; Glott, Thomas & Biering-Sørensen, Fin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Effects of an Individualized Dietitian-Led Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition During the First Year After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103133. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background & Aims Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces rapid and adverse changes in body composition, yet effective strategies to prevent excess fat accumulation are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an individualized dietitian-led nutrition intervention on change in fat mass and related markers of adiposity during the first year following SCI. Methods In this single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial, adults with subacute traumatic SCI were randomized to an individualized dietitian-led intervention or usual care. The primary outcome was change in total fat mass (FM) over one year, assessed by multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. Secondary outcomes included fat mass index (FMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), waist circumference, fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), body weight, body mass index (BMI) and biomarkers (fasting glucose, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, LDL, HDL and triglycerides). Intention-to-treat analyses used mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, and neurological severity. Results Sixty-two participants were randomized (32 intervention, 30 control). Participants were predominantly male (76%) with a mean age of 48 (SD 17) years. At 1 year, the adjusted between-group difference in FM change was −1.5 kg (95% CI −4.8 to 1.9; p = 0.39). Significant between-group differences were observed for VAT (−0.5 L; 95% CI −1.0 to −0.1; p = 0.02) and waist circumference (−4.0 cm; 95% CI −7.0 to −1.0; p = 0.01), with borderline significance for FMI (−1.6 kg/m2; 95% CI −3.2 to 0.0; p = 0.05). No significant between-group differences were observed for body weight, BMI, fat-free mass, or biomarkers. Sensitivity and per-protocol analyses yielded consistent results. Conclusions Although the intervention did not significantly affect the primary endpoint of total fat mass, between-group differences were observed for VAT and waist circumference. These findings suggest that structured, individualized dietetic care initiated during SCI rehabilitation and continued post-discharge may attenuate accumulation of abdominal adiposity. Longer-term follow-up is needed to determine whether early attenuation of abdominal adiposity translates into reduced cardiometabolic risk and improved functional outcomes.

• Clausen, Maria Thompson; Sverdrup, Henrik; Brevik, Asgeir; Molin, Marianne & Kolby, Marit (2026). Time-Restricted Eating and Symptom Severity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results from a Pilot Study. Nutrients. 18(5), p. 765–765. doi: 10.3390/nu18050765. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background/Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 5–10% of the population, with many individuals reporting insufficient improvement from treatment options. This study aimed to explore whether time-restricted eating (TRE) could alleviate symptoms in patients with IBS. Methods: This single-group, pre–post pilot study included participants with IBS who followed an 8-week time-restricted eating protocol, defined as a daily 16 h fasting period and an 8 h eating window (16:8). Symptom changes were assessed using the validated IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) at baseline and post-intervention. The study was retrospectively registered after completion of data collection. Results: A total of 134 patients were enrolled, of whom 97 completed the intervention. Participants demonstrated a mean reduction in the IBS-SSS score of −100.2 (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis also demonstrated mean reductions in the IBS-SSS scores for participants with IBS-constipation (IBS-C) (−125.2, p < 0.001), IBS-diarrhea (IBS-D) (−76.0, p < 0.005), and IBS-mixed (IBS-M) (−93.1, p < 0.001). Additionally, the participants experienced improvements in both self-reported physical and mental health. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that TRE may represent a promising behavioral strategy for IBS symptom management, warranting controlled trials.

• Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Baravelli, Carl Michael; Madsen, Christian; Clarsen, Benjamin Matthew; TopeAmobonye, Ayodeji Emmanuel & Brauer, Michael [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2026). The burden of dietary risk factors in the Nordic and Baltic countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 61, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101543. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Detailed knowledge about the disease burden from unhealthy diet in Nordic and Baltic countries is lacking. This study quantifies and compares deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from dietary risks in these countries. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2023 (GBD 2023) was used. Attributable disease burden from 15 dietary risks was analysed using the comparative risk assessment framework. Steps included: (1) estimating dietary intake; (2) assessing relative risks of dietary factors on disease endpoints; (3) determining theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMREL); and (4) estimating dietary risk-attributable disease burden as numbers and age-standardised rates (ASR) of deaths and DALYs. Findings Across the Nordic and Baltic countries (total population = 34,064,020), dietary risks resulted in 38,450 attributed deaths (95% uncertainty interval 10,749–59,386) and 735,284 DALYs (242,417–1,06,638) in 2023. Leading dietary risks included high intake of processed meat and low intake of fruits and whole grains. Dietary risks accounted for 24.9% of cardiovascular disease burden (5.0–37.6), 29.6% of diabetes and kidney disease burden (18.6–40.0), and 7.8% of neoplasm burden (2.9–12.1), with higher burden in the Baltic countries and Greenland than in the Nordic countries. Interpretation A substantial disease burden can be attributed to dietary risks in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Knowledge about the impact from unhealthy diet can inform targeted public health policies. Funding Gates Foundation and Norwegian Institute of Public Health.

• Iversen, Per Ole; Gedde-Dahl, Tobias; Tjønnfjord, Geir Erland & Ali, Maryan Mohamed (2025). Quality of life the first year after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation—A randomized controlled trial examining extracorporeal photophoresis to prevent graft‐versus‐host disease. British Journal of Haematology. ISSN 0007-1048. 207(5), p. 2183–2186. doi: 10.1111/bjh.70119. Full text in Research Archive
• Roza, Gia V. Da; Cermakova, Lubomira; Lennep, Jeanine Roeters van; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Iatan, Iulia & Brunham, Liam R. (2025). Lipid changes in females with familial hypercholesterolemia during the menopausal transition period. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 413. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120587. Full text in Research Archive
• Sahoo, Alaka; Swain, Shasank Sekhar; Singh, Satya Ranjan; Jena, Atala Bihari; Paidesetty, Sudhir Kumar & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Target-specific therapeutic assessment of repurposed drug candidates for oral lichen planus: a network pharmacology-molecular dynamics simulation guided investigation. BDJ Open. 11(1). doi: 10.1038/s41405-025-00384-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous autoimmune skin disease without a proper pathophysiology and approved therapy. As a result, several repurposed drugs have been used in clinical practice, and it remains unclear which one holds greater potential. Aim The present study employs a network pharmacology to explore the disease biology and further investigate the target-specific binding efficacy of repurposed drugs. Materials and methods Twenty-eight repurposed drug’s (D1-D28) efficacies against twelve targets were investigated using PyRx 0.8-AutoDock 4.2 software. Further, drug stability and reactivity were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at 200 ns, Gibbs free energy, frontier molecular orbital theory, and structural activity relationship. Results The above computational investigation suggested betamethasone (D2/BETA) and triamcinolone acetonide (D28/TACA) are two potential drugs, predominantly demonstrating higher binding efficacy against the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Further, MD simulation, free-energy calculation revealed that D28/TACA was comparatively more stable than D2/BETA. Conclusion The network pharmacology explored possible drug targets for drug discovery and showed that D28/TACA is a more effective treatment option among repurposed drugs.

• Jena, Atala Bihari; Dash, Umesh Chandra & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2025). Halved but Potent: Exploring the Inhibitory Property of Curcumin Derivatives Against Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Strains. The Protein Journal. ISSN 1572-3887. doi: 10.1007/s10930-025-10309-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the prevailing pandemic, the emergence of several variants has created concerns, as none of the vaccines have 100% effectiveness. As a countermeasure to combat the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants and to minimize the morbidity, alternative therapeutics have been prioritized, mainly including phytocompounds. In our recent studies, we have considered polyphenols, such as catechin, curcumin, and 8-Hydroxydihydrosanguinarine (8-HDS), for this purpose and found their tendency to bind to the receptor-binding domain of S-protein, thereby inhibiting viral infiltration into the cell. In the current scenario, with the appearance of multiple viral strains, we have furthered our studies on two highly infectious variants of SARS-CoV-2: D614G and B.1.1.7, commonly identified as the UK variant. Our research incorporates various computational methodologies to decipher the potential role of our previously studied phytocompounds and the curcumin derivative, half-curcumin, inhibiting viral attachment and entry for both D614G and the B.1.1.7 lineage. The physicochemical characterization of the spike (S) protein of the UK variant suggests it is less thermostable, which raises questions about its transmissibility in warmer regions of the globe. All the studied phytocompounds have an immense ability to hinder the S protein interaction towards the human cell receptor ACE2 for both the variants. The half-curcumin has also potential drug suitability, which is confirmed through its characterization of ADME (Physicochemical, Water Solubility, Lipophilicity, Drug-likeness, and Pharmacokinetics) properties, and can be considered as a future therapeutic molecule for anti-COVID-19 drug design.

• Nambidi, Sibin; Sennie, Neeharika Sara; Kondaveeti, Suresh Babu; Banerjee, Antara; Pathak, Surajit & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2025). A review of short-Chain fatty acids in gut and skin: Possible implications in skin aging. Journal of Functional Foods. ISSN 1756-4646. 133. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2025.107010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The gut–skin axis is an active and bidirectional communication in which gut microbiota impacts skin health and disease. One of the most common microbial metabolites is short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are composed of acetate, propionate, and butyrate generated from the fermentation of dietary fibers. SCFAs are bioactive in nature that are essential in regulating inflammation, immune signalling, oxidative stress, and skin barrier function. In addition, SCFAs stimulate the differentiation of keratinocytes, acetylation of collagen, and have antimicrobial properties, which are important in establishing skin homeostasis and longevity. Currently, new approaches are underway to develop dietary patterns, probiotic strategies, functional food, and delivery systems to induce SCFA generation and function in vivo. Relevant research and review articles were collected using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for the information required for this comprehensive review. Key terms used for literature search included gut-skin axis, SCFA, functional food, epithelial integrity, skin aging, inflammation, etc. In this review, we tried to summarised the role and mechanisms of SCFA in gut-skin aging from the published research evidence and discussed on the role of functional foods in managing aging-related diseases.

• Pallatt, Sneha; Nambidi, Sibin; Adhikary, Subhamay; Banerjee, Antara; Pathak, Surajit & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2025). A brief review of Lynch syndrome: understanding the dual cancer risk between endometrial and colorectal cancer. Oncology Reviews. ISSN 1970-5565. 19. doi: 10.3389/or.2025.1549416. Full text in Research Archive
• Nambidi, Sibin; Shruthi, Karunakaran Bhuvaneswari; Kanimozhe, Sujatha Padmanaban; Banerjee, Antara; Kondaveeti, Suresh Babu & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). A review of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer: insights into biomarker discovery and therapeutic targeting. Frontiers in Oncology. 15. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1549046. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, with an incidence that has increased significantly over the last 20 years. The World Health Organization (WHO), under its cancer program, identifies CRC as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate, especially in patients under the age of 50. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, CRC shares a low survival rate and poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. To address these challenges, research into alternative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies has increasingly focused on molecular mechanisms, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of endogenous ncRNAs characterized by their covalently enclosed loop structure, demonstrate greater stability than linear RNAs, making them potential candidates for clinical applications. The circRNAs possess differential expressions in cancers and function as tumor suppressive or oncogenic activities. This review discusses the recent findings on circRNAs and their potential for biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CRC. As circRNAs can serve as miRNA sponges, increase or decrease mRNA expression, and function to regulate an oncogenic or tumor suppressor pathway, there may be the possibility for an early diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic role of circRNAs in CRC. Highlighting the clinical implications of circRNAs, this review discusses their potential to transform current CRC management strategies and address critical gaps in timely diagnosis and effective treatment. It also emphasized the need for further clinical research to validate their utility and translate these findings into practice.

• Saha, Biki; Banerjee, Antara; Pathak, Rupak; Duttaroy, Asim Kanti & Pathak, Surajit (2025). Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and cancer risk: Insights into a possible link. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 0753-3322. 192. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118592. Full text in Research Archive
• Méndez-García, Andrea; García-Mendoza, Marely Abigail; Zárate-Peralta, Carmila Patricia; Flores-Perez, Fernanda Valeria; Carmona-Ramirez, Luis Fernando & Pathak, Surajit [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs) as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chronic human diseases. Frontiers in Genetics. 16. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1555563. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that undertake the majority of the energetic and metabolic processes within the cell. They are also responsible for mediating multiple apoptotic pathways, balancing redox charges, and scavenging reactive oxygen species. MicroRNAs, which are short, non-coding RNAs widely known for regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, regulate many of these processes. The specific microRNAs that directly or indirectly control mitochondrial dynamics are called mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs). The broadest classification of this type of ncRNA encompasses nuclear-encoded miRNAs that interact with cytoplasmatic mRNAs associated with mitochondrial activity. At the same time, a more specific subset comprises nuclear-encoded miRNAs that translocate into the mitochondria to interact with mRNAs inside of this organelle. Finally, the smallest group of mitomiRs includes those codified by mtDNA and can regulate endogenous mitochondrial transcripts or be transported into the cytoplasm to modulate circulating mRNAs. Regardless of the origin or action mechanism, mitomiRs have been recently recognized to have a key role in the progression of a variety of chronic disorders, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, asthma, depression, and even cancer. All of these progressive pathologies have been tightly linked to mitochondrial dysregulation. They are further associated with an aberrant expression of specific miRNAs that regulate cellular metabolism, positioning mitomiRs as reliable biomarkers for diagnosing several chronic diseases. These molecular indicators have also provided insights into how these conditions progress, allowing for the development of different miRNA-based treatment strategies that target dysregulated mitochondrial-related genes, reestablishing their baseline activity and restricting further disease progression.

• Jayachandran, Jayenth; Rithi, A. T.; Mitra, Abhijit; Radhakrishnan, Arunkumar; Banerjee, Antara & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2025). A review on mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and its related signaling pathways: recent update. Discover Oncology. 16(1). doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-03088-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health challenge, being one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. This review focuses on the intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and it’s secretome in HCC and possible therapeutic responses. MSCs, characterized by their multipotent differentiation and self-renewal capabilities, can influence tumor behavior maybe through its secreted factors, including cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes the recent findings on role of MSCs in HCC, highlighting its involvement in different cell signaling pathways, including NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch1, Stat3, and TGF-β, which play a significant role in HCC and possibly exhibit both tumor-suppressive and/or tumor-promoting effects depending on the activation or deactivation of signaling pathways. Publications related to the topic between 2016 to 2025 were searched using databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar with keywords viz. HCC, mesenchymal stem cells, secretome, tumor microenvironment, and signaling pathways. Findings from different research studies depict that MSCs and their secretome can exert anti-tumor effects by inducing apoptosis and enhancing immune responses, they may also promote alternate effects like tumor proliferation and metastasis under certain conditions, related to the activation or deactivation of different signalling pathways. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of MSCs in HCC. The dual role and the complexities of MSCs is context dependent. However, advancements in MSC research showed that the modifications of MSCs and secretome-based therapies and targeting the signaling pathways may have the potential to overcome challenges like drug resistance in HCC treatment.

• Adhikari, Suman; Nath, Priyatosh; Deb, Vishal Kumar; Das, Niranjan; Banerjee, Antara & Pathak, Surajit [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Pharmacological potential of natural chalcones: a recent studies and future perspective. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1570385. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Chalcones isolated from natural sources are the primary metabolites of numerous biologically intriguing and pharmacologically essential drugs. Chalcones’ pharmacological properties are believed to result from a double bond conjugated to carbonyl functionality. This review aims to summarise the research findings, showing naturally occurring chalcones as a preferred scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Natural chalcones have an intense antimicrobial activity that targets many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Strong antibiotic qualities are exhibited by chalcones, including 4-hydroxyderricin, licochalcone A and C, isobavachalcone, and pinocembrin chalcone. Furthermore, chalcones are promising pharmacological agents for cancer treatment; they inhibit angiogenesis, decrease metastasis, and induce death in tumor cells via diverse mechanisms. Chalcones are also considered promising therapeutic agents for diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics and ability to modify enzyme functioning. This review emphasizes several aspects, such as the biosynthesis of chalcones, preparation of chalcone derivatives, isolation of chalcones, structural features of chalcones, structure-activity relationship study, the role of natural chalcones in managing various diseases and illustrates their action mechanism to control disease progression.

• Varma, Saikanth; Duttaroy, Asim Kanti & Basak, Sanjay (2025). Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics: a mechanistic perspective of health risks associated with metabolic and reproductive functions. Science of the Total Environment. ISSN 0048-9697. 989(10), p. 1–20. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179879. Full text in Research Archive
• Pedersen, Jonas; Hedegaard, Berit Storgaard; Schmidt, Erik Berg; Dahm, Christina C.; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease: Intake, Individual Types, and Content in Adipose Tissue as a Biomarker of Endogenous Exposure. Nutrients. 17(15). doi: 10.3390/nu17152509. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Unhealthy dietary patterns are a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). International guidelines recommend reducing saturated fatty acid intake while increasing polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) to mitigate cardiovascular risk. However, evidence regarding MUFAs and risk of ASCVD remains conflicting, with recent studies raising concern about a potential higher risk associated with MUFA intake. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of current knowledge and gaps in the literature regarding MUFAs and the risk of ASCVD with a focus on intake, individual types, and content in adipose tissue as a biomarker of endogenous exposure. Main findings reveal that most studies have inappropriately combined all MUFAs together, despite individual MUFA types having different biological effects and showing varying correlations between dietary intake and adipose tissue content. Adipose tissue composition may serve as a biomarker of long-term MUFA exposure, reflecting cumulative intake over one to two years while minimizing biases inherent in dietary assessments. However, tissue levels reflect both dietary intake and endogenous synthesis, complicating interpretation. Importantly, the source of MUFAs appears critical, with plant-derived MUFAs potentially offering advantages over animal-derived sources. In conclusion, we suggest that future research should focus on individual MUFA types rather than treating them as a homogeneous group, investigate their specific dietary sources and associations with ASCVD risk, and use adipose tissue biomarkers to improve exposure assessment and clarify causal relationships while considering overall dietary patterns.

• Langslet, Gisle; Asprusten, Emil Andreas; Igland, Jannicke; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven & Retterstøl, Kjetil (2025). Cardiovascular disease and compliance with lipid-lowering therapy among young individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia in Norway – A register study. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 23. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.101043. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims Investigation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), all-cause death and use of statins and ezetimibe among young Norwegian individuals with heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Methods We included subjects with genetically verified FH born 1988–2008 and twenty controls per FH subject, with linkage to prescription data, hospitalization data and cause of death from national Norwegian health registries. Data on CHD and death during 2008–2018, and for dispensed prescriptions during 2004–2018, were collected. Results 1351 subjects with FH and 27,015 controls were included. Mean age (SD) at start of follow-up was 12.3 (5.4) years. There was one Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) event and 6 deaths in the FH-group and 3 CHD events and 53 deaths in the control group. CHD and all-cause death were non-significantly increased in the FH-group, hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals) 6.68 (0.69–64.20) and 2.26 (0.98–5.28), respectively. None of the deaths in the FH-group were related to cardiovascular disease. 83 % of subjects with FH had been prescribed a statin, and 21 % ezetimibe. During the first year after the first prescription, 18.5 % of subjects did not refill their prescription within 180 days after the end date of the previous prescription. 69 % and 60 % of subjects with a prescription had >80 % of days covered with statins and ezetimibe, respectively. After 8 years, around 70 % of subjects were covered with statins. Conclusions Results suggest increased risk of CHD in FH relative to controls, but measures are imprecise because of low absolute risks. Compliance with lipid lowering therapy was moderate.

• Arjmand, Elaheh Javadi; Thomassen, Lise Margrete; Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Karl Trygve; Furulund, Einar; Vold, Jørn Henrik & Madebo, Tesfaye [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2025). The effect of fruit smoothie supplementation on psychological distress and biomarkers among people with opioid dependence receiving opioid agonist therapy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04347-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Unhealthy diets are common among individuals with opioid dependence. While fruit- and vegetable-rich diets have shown mental health benefits, evidence is limited for those receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT). This trial evaluated the effectiveness of fruit smoothie supplementation for people receiving OAT compared to standard treatment without fruit smoothie supplementation. In this multicenter randomized controlled trial (FruktBAR), 311 participants receiving OAT were randomized (5:3 intervention:control) to receive either a daily 250&nbsp;ml fruit smoothie for 16&nbsp;weeks in addition to standard OAT or standard OAT alone. The primary outcome was the difference between the arms in changes in psychological distress, measured by the ten-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-10%) from baseline to the end of the intervention. The secondary outcomes included changes in fatigue symptoms, measured using the three-item Fatigue Severity Scale, physical fitness, measured by a 4-min step test, carotenoid and folate biomarkers. At baseline, 131 participants (70%) in the intervention arm and 91 (73%) in the control arm had a low intake of fruits and vegetables. In the intervention arm, the mean SCL-10% score at baseline was 43.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 40.4, 47.4), which was reduced to 41.6% (CI: 38.0, 5.1) at the end of the trial. In the control arm, the mean SCL-10% score was 43.6% at baseline (CI: 39.3, 48.0) and decreased to 41.5% (CI: 37.1, 45.8) at the end of the trial period. No significant difference in the change of psychological distress between the intervention and control arms was found (− 0.14%; CI: − 4.49, 2.22). Additionally, no changes were found between the intervention and control arms regarding fatigue symptoms, physical fitness, carotenoid, or folate biomarkers. The mean consumed fruit smoothies reported in the intervention arm was 3.9 bottles per week (SD 1.5).&nbsp; Fruit smoothie supplementation over a 16-week period did not impact psychological distress, fatigue, physical fitness, carotenoids, or folate biomarkers among people receiving OAT. Although the smoothies were successfully delivered to the participants, our data indicates suboptimal adherence to the intervention rather than the lack of efficacy.&nbsp; ClinicalTrials.gov&nbsp;NCT05229770. Registered on 08 February 2022.

• Wisløff, Torbjørn; Mundal, Liv Jorunn; Igland, Jannicke; Svendsen, Karianne; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven & Kristiansen, Ivar Sønbø [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Ten-year costs of cardiovascular disease in genetically verified familial hypercholesterolaemia compared with age- and sex-matched controls. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC). ISSN 2047-4873. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf592. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims Available data on economic consequences of carrying an inherited familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) genetic variant are sparse. This study aims to explore the hospital and pharmaceutical resource use and costs associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with genetically verified FH compared with age- and sex-matched controls during the period 2010 through 2019. Methods and results We included 5585 individuals with genetically verified FH from the Norwegian Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics registry and 111 483 age- and sex-matched controls from the general Norwegian population. Resource use and costs associated with CVD were collected from the Norwegian Patient Registry, the Cause of Death Registry, and the Norwegian Prescription Database. We estimated costs in European euros (EUR, €) based on diagnosis-related group (DRG) cost weights and pharmaceutical drug prices (Norwegian kroner 1 = EUR 0.1015). During 2010–19, patients with FH had CVD-related costs of €3911 per person for hospital care and €6119 for pharmaceuticals compared with €1498 and €514 among controls, respectively. The 10-year costs per person of percutaneous coronary interventions were €561 for FH and €140 for controls. The costs of CVD prescription drugs doubled in the FH population during 2010–19, largely due to the introduction of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 inhibitors. Costs for prescription drugs increased in both the FH and control populations (P = 0.002 for FH and P = 0.005 for controls), while costs decreased for hospital care (P = 0. 0069 for FH and P = 0. 0943 for controls). Conclusion Familial hypercholesterolaemia patients had about three times higher CVD-related hospital costs and more than 10 times higher pharmaceutical costs than age- and sex-matched controls during a 10-year follow-up. During the 10 years, costs for pharmaceuticals increased and costs for hospital decreased.

• Thomassen, Rut Anne; Kvammen, Janne Anita; Bentsen, Beint Sigmund; Bratlie, Marianne; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Farstad, Hanne [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2025). Improving well-being in children with intestinal failure: Impact of Prebiotics on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life, A Randomized Study. Intestinal Failure. 6(Supplement 1). doi: 10.1016/j.intf.2025.100242. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Children with intestinal failure (IF) experience a high burden of illness, characterized by persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, irregular stool patterns, and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study explored the impact of prebiotic supplementation on GI symptoms and HRQOL. Methods: An open-label randomized controlled trial with two phases. In Phase 1, children aged 1–18 years with IF received supplementation with a prebiotic blend for four weeks. In Phase 2, participants were randomized to either continue supplementation (intervention group) or cease supplementation (control group) for six months to evaluate long-term effects. Primary endpoints were GI symptoms and HRQOL, evaluated using PedsQL™ scales. Secondary endpoints included stool consistency and frequency, nutritional support, and antibiotic use. A paired t-test assessed short-term effect, while ANCOVA tested long-term differences. Results: Forty-seven children completed Phase 1. Of the 33 reporting on GI symptoms, 20 (60%) improved after short-term prebiotic supplementation. In Phase 2, 43 were randomized to intervention group (n=24) or control group (n=19). The intervention group exhibited significant improvements in GI symptoms compared to controls (mean difference 6.9, p=0.01). Furthermore, stool frequency decreased (median -1.0 vs. 0 stools/day, p=0.003) more in the intervention group, and stool consistency normalized more often (42% vs. 6%, p=0.02). No significant differences were observed in HRQOL scores, nutritional support, or antibiotic use. Conclusions: Although HRQOL did not improve, both short- and long-term prebiotic supplementation significantly improved GI symptoms, stool frequency, and stool consistency in children with IF, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option in pediatric IF.

• Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Jimenez, Ana Maria Teresa Quiles; Broch, Kaspar; Anstensrud, Anne Kristine; Gullestad, Lars & Andersen, Geir Øystein [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2025). The N-6 methyladenosine dynamics in STEMI and the effect of IL-6 inhibition - a hypothesis generating sub-study of the ASSAIL-MI trial. Frontiers in Immunology. 16. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1532325. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Epitranscriptomics, with m6A as the most prevalent in mammals, is a novel treatment target for inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about m6A RNA-regulation during myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: In this explorative sub-study of the ASSAIL-MI trial, we used whole blood samples from patients with acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) (n=6) at admission and after 3–7 days, and from healthy control subjects (n=3). RNA was isolated, and m6A sites were analyzed using human m6A single nucleotide resolution microarray analysis. mRNA levels were analyzed using RNA sequencing analysis. Results: Compared with controls, patients with STEMI had a strikingly different pattern of m6A deposition. In total, 845 m6A methylation sites in whole blood RNA were hypomethylated and 36 were hypermethylated compared with controls. Of the hypomethylated transcripts, 194 transcripts were lower expressed, while 197 transcripts were higher expressed. The m6A pattern changed from an overall hypomethylation at admission to an overall hypermethylation 3–7 day after admission. Anti-inflammatory treatment with tocilizumab further altered the m6A deposition. Conclusions: In this hypothesis generating study, m6A deposition differs STEMI patients and healthy controls. The m6A pattern changes over the course of 3–7 days. This response is, at least to some degree, is modulated by blocking the IL-6 receptor. Our data may suggest that this post-transcriptional regulation of RNA is involved in the immune response during STEMI, highlighting its potential as a target for therapy in MI.

• Selland, Mette; Rognli, Sylvia; Skaali, Tone Margrethe Olsbu; Blomhoff, Rune; Tjønnfjord, Geir Erland & Eriksen, Astrid M.A. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematologic malignancies: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. ISSN 1462-3889. 80, p. 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2025.103083. Full text in Research Archive
• Paur, Ingvild & Ottestad, Inger Olaug (2025). Key considerations for who, when, why, and how to screen for malnutrition. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. ISSN 1363-1950. 28(5), p. 388–395. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001144. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose of review Confusion and disagreement about malnutrition screening, how, when, why, who to screen, and which screening tool to use, have persisted since the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) established the malnutrition diagnosis in 2019. In this review, we discuss the purpose of malnutrition screening, presents recent validations of screening tools and how the choice of tools affects malnutrition prevalence within the GLIM framework. Recent findings The screening for malnutrition should consider the results of recent validations of screening tools against the GLIM criteria, which reveal variations based on the specific tool, the population, and the setting. Likewise, the prevalence of malnutrition varies with the population and setting, and even how screening tools are applied in the process. Currently, all screening tools exclude patients who meet the GLIM criteria for a malnutrition diagnosis, but the extent of exclusion varies. Summary In this review, we summarize recent prevalence and validation studies on screening tools related to GLIM. We argue that screening tools should align with GLIM malnutrition diagnosis criteria, need to be validated against GLIM, and discuss the requirement that a positive screening result is mandatory for a malnutrition diagnosis.

• Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Christensen, Jacob J.; Laake, Ida; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Veierød, Marit Bragelien & Retterstøl, Kjetil (2025). Low-fat and whole milk consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease–related and all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study in 3 Norwegian counties. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 122(4), p. 1075–1085. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.035. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The impact of milk consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or mortality is unclear, and specific comparisons between types of milk are scarce. Objectives We aimed to investigate the associations between milk consumption, measured in a large Norwegian cohort in 3 counties during 1974–1988, and CVD–related mortality and all-cause mortality and to compare the associations between whole (full-fat) and low-fat milk. Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study included adults invited to repeated health screenings in the Norwegian Counties Study (>80% attendance). Dietary intake was assessed from food frequency questionnaires at each screening in 1974–1988. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for the associations between milk intake (assessed as cumulative mean intake from repeated questionnaires) and risk of death from all CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and all causes. Results Among 73,860 participants included in this study (mean age: 41.2 years at baseline; 49% females), 26,393 deaths occurred (8590 from CVD, 4372 from IHD, and 3047 from AMI) during a median follow-up of 33 y. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of overall milk intake, the HR was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.21) for CVD-related mortality and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.28) for all-cause mortality. For whole milk, high compared with no intake was positively associated with CVD (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.16), IHD (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27), and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.21). Compared with whole milk, low-fat milk intake was associated with lower CVD-related, IHD-related, AMI-related, and all-cause mortality. The associations were attenuated in analyses considering only baseline intakes. Conclusions In this cohort with high milk consumption, whole milk is associated with higher CVD and all-cause mortality, whereas low-fat milk is not. Low-fat milk may be associated with lower risks than whole milk.

• Erichsen, Marianne; Solheim, Tora S; Ottestad, Inger; Paur, Ingvild; Sande, Rikka Frøyen & Nygaard, Astrid [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2025). Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Incurable Cancer: Exploring the Heterogenous and Non-Randomised Clinical Landscape. Current Oncology. ISSN 1198-0052. 32(11). doi: 10.3390/curroncol32110644. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: There is an insufficient knowledge base for optimal parenteral nutrition (PN) use for patients with incurable cancer, leading to vague guidelines and varied practices. The aim of the study is to describe the practices and actual outcomes of PN in patients with incurable cancer at Norwegian hospitals. Methods: This multicentre study retrospectively reviewed 507 deceased patients (>18 years) receiving PN between 2011 and 2017. Data were collected from PN initiation until death, and analyses were descriptive. Results: Fifty-one percent had upper and lower gastrointestinal cancers, and the main PN indications were insufficient intake (75%) and gastrointestinal malfunction (47%). Sixty-seven percent received no anticancer treatment. Forty-three (8%) received PN as temporary bridging to anticancer treatment, of whom fifteen (35%) resumed or initiated treatment. The median PN dose corresponded to 53% of estimated energy requirements, and 94% of the patients had complementary energy intake. The most common reason for discontinuation was expected imminent death (47%). While common symptoms during PN were nausea (52%), vomiting (46%), and oedema (37%), 15% reported improved wellbeing. Conclusions: In this real-world cohort, up to 80% of the patients would not meet the eligibility criteria of previous trials due to cancer diagnosis and treatment, gastrointestinal tract function, weight loss criteria or complications such as ascites. This study highlights the heterogeneity in how patients with incurable cancer receive PN, and emphasises the importance of individualised PN treatment, carefully and safely managed to meet the patients’ palliative care situation. Future real-world pragmatic patient-centred protocols bridging the gap between clinical trials and patients in clinical practice are warranted.

• Svendsen, Karianne; Christensen, Jacob J.; Igland, Jannicke; Krogh, Henriette Walaas; Mundal, Liv Jorunn & Jacobs, David R. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and impact of statin use in pregnant women with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 408, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120442. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims Sparse data exist on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We investigated associations between FH and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and between statin exposure in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with FH. Methods We studied 3869 pregnancies among 1869 women with genetically-proven FH and 68225 pregnancies among 33661 women from the general population. Data on adverse pregnancy outcomes were obtained during 1967–2018 from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Data on pharmacy-dispensed statins were obtained from the Norwegian prescription database (2004–2018) in 1051 women with FH. Associations were presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95 % CI from logistic regression adjusted for mother's age, parity, and offspring's birth year. Results Women with FH had a higher risk of preeclampsia (OR 1.21 [1.00–1.46]), but lower risk for gestational diabetes (OR 0.58 [0.36–0.92]) and intrapartum hemorrhage during delivery (OR 0.81 [0.71–0.92]) compared to controls. No excess risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in offspring was observed for FH. Among women with FH, statin exposure (mainly in the first trimester) may be associated with higher risk of low birth weight in offspring born at term (OR 2.42 [0.51, 11.45]). Conclusions Women with FH had lower risk of gestational diabetes and intrapartum hemorrhage, but a higher risk of preeclampsia compared to controls. No adverse birth outcomes were observed for offspring of mothers with FH, but the association between statin exposure in pregnant women with FH and low birth weight in offspring warrants further study.

• Thomassen, Rut Anne; Kvammen, Janne Anita; Bentsen, Beint Sigmund; Bratlie, Marianne; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Farstad, Hanne [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2025). Effect of prebiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in children with intestinal failure: A pilot study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. 81(4), p. 975–985. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70186. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Children with intestinal failure (IF) have a substantial disease burden, with significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, abnormal stool patterns and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study examined the effects of prebiotic supplementation on GI symptoms and HRQOL. Methods An open-label, randomised controlled trial involving two phases. In Phase 1, children aged 1–18 years with IF received supplementation with a blend of prebiotics for 4 weeks. In Phase 2, participants were randomised to either continue supplementation or cease supplementation for 6 months to evaluate long-term effects. Primary end points included parent-reported GI symptoms and HRQOL, measured by PedsQL™ scales. Secondary end points were stool consistency and frequency, nutritional support and antibiotic use. Results Out of 47 children completing Phase 1, 43 completed Phase 2 (24 in the intervention group, 19 in the control group). After 4 weeks, 60% reported reduced GI symptoms. By the end of Phase 2, the intervention group showed no significant changes in HRQOL score, but significant GI symptom improvements compared to controls (mean paediatric quality of life inventory GI score difference of 6.9, p = 0.01). Stool frequency decreased (median −1.0 vs. 0 stools/day, p = 0.003), and stool consistency normalised more frequently in the intervention group (42% vs. 6%, p = 0.02). No significant changes were noted in nutritional support or antibiotic use. Conclusion While HRQOL remained unchanged, short- and long-term prebiotic supplementation significantly improved GI symptoms, stool frequency and stool consistency in children with IF, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option in paediatric IF.

• Bravo-Vázquez, Luis Alberto; Bernal-Vázquez, Daniela; Duttaroy, Asim Kanti & Paul, Sujay (2025). Current status of next-generation vaccines against mpox virus: a scoping review. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1533533. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: The mpox disease, caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), has become a rising public health issue due to its potential to cause outbreaks. Consistently, this investigation aims to evaluate the current advances in the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches against MPXV, which are crucial for preventing and controlling mpox spread. Methods: This scoping review was performed by analyzing the content of English-language articles published between 2018 and 2024, which reported the development of next-generation vaccines against MPXV and their assessment in animal models. Patents within the scope of this research were also included. Contrarywise, studies based solely on immunoinformatic methods, reviews, book chapters, news, and others were excluded. The literature search was executed in 11 databases, such as Scopus, MEDLINE, and PubMed. Results: A total of 36 records (32 studies and 4 patents) were included in this review. All 32 articles contain preclinical studies with varied group sizes (4–16) in which the main animal models were BALB/c mice. Less commonly used models included CAST/Ei mice and cynomolgus macaques. Moreover, most vaccines targeted one or more MPXV antigens, such as A29L, A35R, B6R, and M1R, through active immunization (via mRNAs or recombinant antigens) or passive immunization (antibody delivery). Conclusion: Overall, new generation vaccines might represent prospective candidates to combat the mpox health concern. Nonetheless, several of the analyzed studies possess drawbacks, including animal models with limited similarity to humans, small group sizes, and brief follow-up durations. Consequently, additional research is required to ascertain the long-term protection, efficacy, and safety of these immunotherapeutic approaches.

• Røstad-Tollefsen, Helen Kathrine; Venås, Benedicte Hagen; Kolset, Svein Olav; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Havdal, Hanne Hennig & Nordstrøm, Marianne (2025). External Factors Influencing the Motivation and Performance of Staff in Their Nutritional Work With Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. JARID: Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities. ISSN 1360-2322. 38(1). doi: 10.1111/jar.70002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Staff working in municipal care homes with adults with intellectual disabilities impact their diet significantly. Aim To explore how external factors influence staff's motivation and performance of nutritional work with these residents. Method Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 11 staff using systematic text condensation for analysis. Results Five main themes were revealed: Need for the implementation of the official nutritional guidelines, lack of nutritional skills and knowledge, prioritisation of nutritional work tasks, staff's ethical dilemmas with the different legislations and management anchoring and collaboration. Conclusions Implementing systematic nutritional routines and clarifying nutritional work in practice were emphasised to promote continuity and better cooperation among the staff. This, and the need for increased nutritional competence in the municipality organisation, adequate framework conditions for nutritional work and practical and pedagogical measures for nutritional tasks, were crucial factors for staff's motivation, performance, consistency and equality in nutritional practice.

• Westbye, Alexander Bauer; Dizdarevic, Lili Leko; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Asprusten, Emil Andreas; Bliksrud, Yngve Thomas & Lövgren-Sandblom, Anita [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). A sterol panel for rare lipid disorders: sitosterolemia, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Journal of Lipid Research. ISSN 0022-2275. 66(1). doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100698. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Disease-specific sterols accumulate in the blood of patients with several rare lipid disorders. Biochemical measurement of these sterols is important for correct diagnosis and sometimes monitoring of treatment. Existing methods to measure sterols in blood, particularly plant sterols, are often laborious and time consuming. Partly as a result, clinical access to sterol measurements is limited in many parts of the world. A simple and rapid method to extract free sterols from human serum and quantitate their concentration using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) without derivatization was developed. The method was designed to be compatible with routine workflows (e.g., 96-well format) in a clinical lab and extensively validated. Serum from at least 125 controls were analyzed and used to estimate the upper reference limits for sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC), lathosterol, and cholestanol. Serum from patients with the rare lipid disorders sitosterolemia (n = 7), Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS; n = 1), and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX; n = 1) were analyzed. All seven sitosterolemia patients had greatly elevated levels of free plant sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) compared to the controls. The SLOS serum contained massively increased concentrations of 7DHC. CTX serum contained greatly increased concentrations of cholestanol, as well as 7DHC and lathosterol. Spiking experiments indicated that the method is likely also useful for the diagnosis of desmosterolosis and lathosterolosis. The reported method is a relatively simple and fast LC-MS/MS method capable of quantitating diagnostically important sterols and differentiated patients with three rare lipid disorders from controls.

• Kvammen, Janne Anita; Thomassen, Rut Anne; Buechner, Jochen; Myklebust, Tor Åge; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Bollerslev, Jens [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Vitamin D status in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A prospective exploratory study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. ISSN 0277-2116. 80(6), p. 1007–1017. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70028. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with nutritional risks. This study describes vitamin D status and intake in children undergoing HSCT and compares results to healthy children. Methods In a prospective observational study, vitamin 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were assessed at hospital admission before HSCT (baseline), at 3-month and 1-year post-transplant. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. A 4-day diet record assessed vitamin D intake at 3-months and 1-year. Healthy children were assessed once. Results Twenty-eight HSCT patients (mean age: 10.3-years, standard deviation [SD]: 4.0) and 50 healthy children (mean age: 10.0-years, SD: 3.6) were included. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in patients at baseline (36%, p < 0.001) and 3-months (24%, p = 0.007) but not at 1-year (14%, p = 0.084) than in healthy children (2%). Median 1,25(OH)2D was significantly lower than in healthy children at the two first visits (p < 0.001) but not at 1-year (p = 0.198). Median vitamin D provision was higher at 3-months (18.1 µg/day) and 1-year (25 µg/day) compared to healthy children (5.3 µg/day, p < 0.001). Conclusions Children undergoing HSCT were at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency at baseline and 3-month post-transplant, but not at 1-year compared to healthy children. Vitamin D intake was higher after transplantation than in healthy children. These findings indicate that vitamin D requirements are elevated in HSCT patients, emphasizing the need for monitoring and adequate supplementation.

• Engstad, Martin Kvalvik; Seynnes, Olivier R.; Vesterhus, Ingvild; Hesseberg, Eirik; Fjeldberg, Ken & Carlsen, Monica Hauger [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2025). Effect of Oral Contraceptive Use on Muscle Hypertrophy Following Strength Training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 35(4). doi: 10.1111/sms.70052. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Oral contraceptives (OC) are widely used by women, while their interactions with strength training are yet to be resolved. This study investigated the effects of OC use on muscle hypertrophy and strength adaptation to heavy strength training in young adult women. Fifteen habitual OC users and 17 non-OC users (NOC) with regular menstrual cycles completed ~12 weeks of strength training, which spanned three menstrual cycles for the NOC group. All participants were young, healthy, and strength-untrained. Isometric knee-extensor strength, muscle cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis (ultrasound imaging), and body composition (DXA) were used to evaluate training adaptations. Blood samples for estradiol and progesterone analyses, dietary registrations, and questionnaires assessing appetite, vitality, motivation, recovery status, and sleep duration were collected during the intervention period. Both groups experienced gains in lean mass and muscle strength. However, the OC group demonstrated a significantly larger increase in arm lean mass (5.5% ± 3.9% [mean ± standard deviation] vs. 2.9% ± 2.8%, p < 0.05) and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (10.0% ± 4.1% vs. 5.3% ± 4.4%, p < 0.05) compared to the NOC group. Despite these differences, there was no significant group difference in lower body strength gains. Both groups reported similar levels of appetite, dietary intake, vitality, motivation to exercise, and perceived recovery throughout the study, although the OC group slept an average of 42 min longer per day. Our findings suggest that OC use potentiates muscle growth during strength training, although further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects.

• Tushabe, Gerald; Rukundo, Peter Milton; Kaaya, Archileo Natigo; Nahalomo, Aziiza; Nateme, NC & Iversen, Per Ole [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Retrogressive or misplaced priorities? An assessment of public expenditure for food security and disaster risk reduction in Uganda. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management (IJDRM). ISSN 2620-2662. 7, p. 15–38. doi: 10.18485/ijdrm.2025.7.1.2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The article argues that a rights-based approach to public investment and expenditure in agriculture and disaster risk management is a viable pathway for Uganda to realise the right to adequate food and sustainable development in line with the government’s national and international human rights commitments. This study employed a qualitative research paradigm to examine both primary and secondary data on public investment and expenditure in food security and disaster risk reduction in Uganda. Fifty-six key informant interviews were conducted with purposively selected officials at national and Local Government levels. Data and insights obtained were analysed using thematic and rights-based budget analyses. There is minimal application of rights-based approach principles in the budgeting for food security or disaster risk reduction in Uganda. Public expenditure in the agriculture sector and disaster risk management is inadequate to meet the increasing disasters in the country or to effectively protect the right to adequate food of vulnerable communities in disaster-prone regions. As a State Party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and a signatory to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Uganda is obligated to protect and fulfil the right to adequate food for vulnerable communities in the event of disasters. This will require increased public and private investment in the agriculture sector and strengthening the disaster risk financing mechanisms at both national and Local Government levels.

• Henriksen, Hege Berg; Kolle, Åshild; Stenling, Andreas; Paur, Ingvild; Bøhn, Siv Kjølsrud & Brøto, Pernille [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Spillover effect of a dietary intervention on physical activity in a randomized controlled trial with colorectal cancer patients. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 22, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01757-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) targeting dietary changes may also lead to other, untargeted changes in lifestyle habits, as spillover effects. In particular, the isolated impact of the dietary intervention may be difficult to separate due to spillover effects from changes in physical activity and physical function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the spillover effect of a one-year dietary intervention in post-surgery colorectal cancer patients by comparing the changes in physical activity and physical function between the diet intervention Group and the control group in a randomized controlled trial, called the CRC-NORDIET study. Methods Men and women, aged 50–80 years were randomized into either the intervention group (n=240) or the control group (n=229). Both groups received similar incentives on physical activity. Activity sensors were used to collect data on physical activity at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Physical function was estimated by results from handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-stand test and 6-min walking test. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were also measured. Results We found a significantly higher increase in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) of 0.18 h per day from baseline to 6 months in the diet intervention group compared to the control group, respectively. However, the spillover effect of the dietary intervention on physical activity diminished to 0.10 h per day at 12 months follow-up which was not statistically significantly different (p=0.24) from the control group. All measures of physical function increased in both groups from baseline to 6 months with no further increase at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions The dietary intervention did not induce a significant spillover effect on physical activity after 12 months of baseline, which was the main timepoint of the intervention. Providing identical physical activity guidance to both study groups during the 12-month intensive dietary intervention period, ensured comparable levels of physical activity across both study groups. This approach facilitated the isolation and analysis of the dietary intervention’s effects on primary endpoints, as well as effects of behaviour interventions in secondary preventions, such as the CRCNORDIET study. Trial registration The study is registered on the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials website (www.ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT01570010)

• Dajani, Olav; Philips, Iain; Størkson, Ester Kristine; Balstad, Trude Rakel; Brown, Leo R. & Bye, Asta [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2025). Oncological and Survival Endpoints in Cancer Cachexia Clinical Trials: Systematic Review 6 of the Cachexia Endpoints Series. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. ISSN 2190-5991. 16(2), p. 1–24. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13756. Full text in Research Archive
• Dahlgren, Monica Linnea; Berstad, Paula Marianna; Henriksen, Hege Berg; Blomhoff, Rune & Kværner, Ane Sørlie (2025). Characterization of Nova-classified foods in a large cohort of Norwegian colorectal cancer screening participants. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 23(1), p. 7–19. doi: 10.18261/ntfe.23.1.3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Epidemiological studies on Nova-classified ultra-processed foods (Nova 4) often rely on food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data without specifying the foods that fall into this category. We aimed to provide a detailed characterization of Nova-classified food intake relevant to the Norwegian context. Method: We applied the Nova classification system on FFQ data obtained from a large sample of Norwegian colorectal cancer screening participants (the CRCbiome study). The contribution of each Nova category (1–4) to the total diet was assessed, identifying the main food and beverage contributors within each group, both by weight (g/day) and as percentage of total energy intake (E%). Results: Nova categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 contributed 1633, 4, 329 and 562 g/day, respectively, accounting for 31, 1, 18 and 50% of total E%. Bread was the largest contributor to Nova 4, providing 19 E%. Other significant contributors included desserts and sweets (5 E%), processed meat (4 E%), processed fish (2 E%), margarine (2 E%), and dairy products (1 E%). For Nova categories 1, 2, and 3, the main contributors were fruits (4 E%), oils (1 E%), and cheese (5 E%), respectively. Although men had a slightly higher intake of Nova category 4 foods than women (51 vs. 47 E%), the overall distribution and within-group contributors were largely similar between sexes. Conclusion: Using FFQ data, as much as half of the energy intake of the present population was derived from ultra-processed foods. Bread was the predominant contributor to ultra-processed foods, far surpassing the other items.

• Arjmand, Elaheh Javadi; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Haaland, Øystein Ariansen; Økland, Jan-Magnus; Livingstone, Katherine M & Mathers, John C [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Life Expectancy Gain of Implementing the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023: Modeling From 8 Nordic and Baltic Countries. Current Developments in Nutrition (CDN). 9(2), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104540. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Dietary guidelines play a key role in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) 2023 provide updated recommendations for healthy eating relevant for the Nordic and Baltic countries, but the potential benefits have yet to be quantified. Objectives This study aimed to project the population health benefits, specifically, potential gains in life expectancy in Nordic and Baltic countries resulting from long-term dietary changes from current dietary patterns within each country to NNR2023. Methods For this population-based mathematical model, using the Food4HealthyLife 2.0 calculator, data were obtained from meta-analyses on associations between each food group and mortality, and background mortality data were derived from the Global Burden of Disease study. Standard life-table methods were used, accounting for the correlation between 14 food groups and the anticipated time delay between dietary changes and health effects. Results For 40-y-old females and males, projected life expectancy gains were from 1.8 and 2.1 y in Finland to 3.4 and 4.1 y, respectively, in Lithuania, changing to feasible NNR2023. Correspondingly, when changing to full-potential NNR2023, gains ranged from 4.4 and 5.0 y in Finland to 6.1 and 7.3 y, respectively, in Lithuania. The largest gains in life expectancy were linked to consuming more legumes (18%), nuts (17%), whole grains (12%), and less processed meat (14%) and added sugars (13%). Conclusions Adopting dietary patterns in line with the NNR2023 is associated with considerable gains in life expectancy in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The study contributes to the evidence base to support policy measures to achieve NNR2023.

• Birkeland, Eline; Bamigbetan, Wuraola Aduke; Molven, Kristine Duus; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Gulseth, Hanne Løvdal & Aas, Anne-Marie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Can supplements with prebiotic fibres positively influence bone health in type 2 diabetes? Insights from a randomised controlled crossover trial. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 20(1). doi: 10.1007/s11657-025-01556-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Summary Inulin-type fructans did not significantly improve serum levels of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, or bone turnover markers in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, interactions between gut microbiota and bone health were suggested, indicating the need for further research in this population. Background Evidence suggests that a healthy gut microbiome benefits bone health, especially in immunocompromised populations like the elderly and people with T2D. Objective We investigated the effect of prebiotics (inulin-type fructans) on serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, 25(OH) vitamin D, and the bone turnover markers N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) in people with T2D. Design Participants (29) were treated for 6 weeks with 16 g inulin-type fructans and 16 g control supplement (maltodextrin) in randomised and double-blind crossover design, with a 4-week washout between treatments. Results Compared to the control, inulin-type fructans did not significantly affect serum concentrations (mean ± SEM) of calcium (0.05 ± 0.02 mmol/L vs. 0.02 ± 0.03 mmol/L, p = 0.324), magnesium (0.02 ± 0.01 mmol/L vs. 0.00 ± 0.01 mmol/L, p = 0.352), 25(OH) vitamin D (-3.60 ± 1.94 nmol/L vs. -2.00 ± 1.97 nmol/L, P = 0.564), P1NP (0.81 ± 0.95 ug/L vs. -0.89 ± 0.97 ug/L, p = 0.210), or CTX-1 (-0.01 ± 0.01 ug/L vs. 0.00 ± 0.01 ug/L, p = 0.438). However, post hoc analyses of correlations between changes support that cross-talk between the human host and gut microbiota may influence bone health in this population. Conclusion This study does not support that inulin-type fructans may improve serum levels of calcium, magnesium, or 25(OH) vitamin D, nor that they affect bone turnover markers in people with T2D over 6 weeks. Interactions between microbiota and bone health in this population warrants further investigations.

• Bhowmik, Prasenjit; Mallick, Rahul & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2025). Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation reveal antineoplastic potential of Antarctic sponge-derived suberitenones. Frontiers in Chemistry. 13. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2025.1545834. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: More than a thousand new marine natural products have been isolated each year over the past ten years, and compared to synthetic compounds, the success ratio of approved marine drugs to the total number of reported potential marine natural products is extremely high. In a recent in vitro cytotoxicity test, 11 suberitenones–a class of oxidized sesterterpenes–were identified and shown to have low levels of cytotoxicity. This study focuses on the investigation of the anti-neoplastic ability of of these suberitenones through different in silico analysis. Methods: The study uses a variety of computational techniques, including quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR), ADMET, prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) prediction, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Results and discussion: The molecular docking showed that Suberitenone I, Secosuberitenone A, and Suberitenone J exhibited higher binding affinity of - 8.9, -9.4, and -8.8 kcal/mole against CASP3, MAPK3, and EGFR respectively which is further supported by molecular dynamics simulation analysis and can be considered for in vitro and in vivo investigation as potential antineoplastic agents.

• Al-Shibli, Mohammed Khalid; Fadnes, Lars T.; Henriksen, Hege Berg; Arjmand, Elaheh Javadi; Thomassen, Lise Margrete & Lid, Torgeir Gilje [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Experiences with healthy eating among individuals with opioid dependence: insights from a dietary assessment. BMC Nutrition. 11, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s40795-025-01106-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background People with substance use disorders often have unhealthy diets, including a limited intake of fruits and vegetables. Additionally, individuals with substance use disorders experience a significantly higher burden of physical and mental health conditions compared to the general population. Poor diets may contribute to this, but few studies have explored how these dietary habits could be improved. Therefore, our objective is to investigate the experiences with healthy eating among individuals with opioid dependence. Methods We employed a qualitative design and recruited twelve patients undergoing opioid agonist therapy in Bergen. All participants were interviewed using a qualitative interview guide focused on experiences with healthy eating. Additionally, we conducted a dietary assessment using the DIGIKOST-FFQ tool, which was administered twice. Participants were then informed about how their diets aligned with the Norwegian dietary recommendations, and we interviewed them about their experiences with this information. Data analysis was carried out using systematic text condensation. Results Our findings show that many participants recognized the potential health benefits of healthy eating and how these were negatively impacted by their substance use. Even if many participants recognized the potential health benefits of healthy eating and how these were negatively impacted by their substance use, they had mixed reactions to receiving personalized dietary feedback. They expressed a need for support from the healthcare system to help improving their diets. Conclusion Our findings suggest that individuals with substance use disorders are interested in changing their diets but lack the skills to do so. While receiving personalized feedback may be effective for some, it would likely need to be combined with other interventions to improve their overall health.

• Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Holzapfel, Christina; Christensen, Jacob J. & Ordovás, José M (2025). CC Genotype at TCF7L2 Diabetes Risk Locus rs7903146 Directs a Coordinated Fatty Acid Response to a Mediterranean Diet Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Lifestyle Genomics. ISSN 2504-3161. 18(1), p. 36–51. doi: 10.1159/000542468. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Previous studies identified genetic links between the TCF7L2 C/T variant rs7903146, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity. We wished to deepen our understanding of how specific diets interact with this variant to affect blood metabolites, an aspect not previously investigated. Hence, we conducted a controlled study where individuals with different genotypes followed a Mediterranean (Med) or low-fat (LF) diet for 1 week. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Boston, MA (USA) area. Anthropometric and clinical measures were taken. Genotypes at rs7903146 were ascertained, with homozygous carriers of the more common and protective CC or risk TT genotype invited to participate. Participants followed both diets (LF or Med) for 1 week with ∼10 days’ washout between diets. Blood samples taken at the beginning and end of each diet period underwent metabolomics analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We evaluated how the diet affected different metabolites based on genetic profile. Results: The cohort of 35 persons was 43% female, aged 18–70 y, with BMI between 26.4 and 33.9 kg/m2. Focusing on fatty acids (FAs) and other lipid metabolic factors (n = 23), we observed a greater number and stronger correlations among these factors in the CC genotype-Med diet group than in the other three genotype-diet combinations. An aggregate of 11 factors, each negatively correlating with delta-saturated fatty acids (SFA), showed a significant genotype-Med diet interaction on delta-SFA in CC individuals on the Med diet (p = 0.0046). A similar genotype-Med diet interaction was observed for delta-monounsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.0078). These interactions were not statistically significant at the end of the LF intervention. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Med diet has a stronger influence on regulating lipid factors in individuals with the CC genotype at the TCF7L2 variant rs7903146. This diet-genotype interaction may have significant implications for understanding the inter-individual variation of metabolic response on specific dietary regimens.

• Dash, Umesh Chandra; Nayak, Vinayak; Navani, Hiten Shanker; Samal, Rashmi Rekha; Agrawal, Palak & Singh, Anup Kumar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2025). Understanding the molecular bridges between the drugs and immune cell. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ISSN 0163-7258. 267. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108805. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The interactions of drugs with the host's immune cells determine the drug's efficacy and adverse effects in patients. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID), such as corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and immunosuppressants, affect the immune cells and alter the immune response. Molecularly, drugs can interact with immune cells via cell surface receptors, changing the antigen presentation by modifying the co-stimulatory molecules and interacting with the signaling pathways of T cells, B cells, Natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells, basophils, and macrophages. Immunotoxicity, resulting from drug-induced changes in redox status, generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), and alterations in antioxidant enzymes within immune cells, leads to immunodeficiency. This, in turn, causes allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The treatment options should include the evaluation of immune status and utilization of the concept of pharmacogenomics to minimize the chances of immunotoxicity. Many strategies in redox, like targeting the redox pathway or using redox-active agents, are available for the modulation of the immune system and developing drugs. Case studies highlight significant drug-immune cell interactions and patient outcomes, underscoring the importance of understanding these complexities. The future direction focuses on the drugs to deliver antiviral therapy, new approaches to immunomodulation, and modern technologies for increasing antidote effects with reduced toxicity. In conclusion, in-depth knowledge of the interaction between drugs and immune cells is critical to protect the patient from the adverse effects of the drug and improve therapeutic outcomes of the treatment process. This review focuses on the multifaceted interactions of drugs and their consequences at the cellular levels of immune cells.

• Treider, Martin; Romandini, Elisa; Alavi, Dena Treider; Aghayan, Davit; Rasmussen, Margrethe Kallestad & Marchegiani, Giovanni [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2025). Postoperative changes in body composition after laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal liver metastases: data from the randomized OSLO-COMET trial. Surgical Endoscopy. ISSN 0930-2794. 39, p. 2450–2457. doi: 10.1007/s00464-025-11613-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Low muscle mass is negatively associated with survival in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Current evidence is limited regarding whether the surgical approach for liver resection of colorectal metastasis impacts postoperative changes in body composition and whether preoperative body composition can impact complication rate and survival. Method This study included patients previously included in the randomized OSLO-COMET trail where patients was allocated to laparoscopic or open liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis. CT scans 0–3 months before and 2–6 months after liver resection were segmented with the artificial intelligence-based tool BodySegAI to measure skeletal muscle mass (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). SM, VAT and IMAT was compared between the open and laparoscopic group and as predictors for 5-year survival and postoperative complications. Results This study included 216 patients, median age was 67, 127 (59%) were male, 91 (42%) had primary tumor in rectum and 86 (40%) had multiple liver metastasis. There was no significant difference in postoperative change in SM, VAT or IMAT between those undergoing laparoscopy or open surgery. In multivariate analysis, high preoperative IMAT was a predictor for increased risk of postoperative complications (HR (95% CI): 1.045 (CI 95%: 1.003–1.089), p = 0.034). Moreover, postoperative increase in IMAT was a negative predictor for 5-year survival (HR (95%CI):1.009 (1.003–1.016), p = 0.003). Conclusion Postoperative change in body composition did not differ between patients randomly assigned to open or laparoscopic liver resection for colorectal metastasis. High preoperative IMAT was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.

• Aaseth, Jan; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Rootwelt, Helge & Farup, Per Grønaas (2025). Reduction in Remnant Cholesterol in Obese Individuals After Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy. Nutrients. 17(1). doi: 10.3390/nu17010189. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The effectiveness of bariatric surgery in reducing remnant cholesterol (RC) levels, particularly when obesity is accompanied by elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), is insufficiently investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the impacts of two common bariatric procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), as regards their effects on RC and HbA1c levels. Methods: Adult morbidly obese subjects were included and assigned to receive either RYGB or SG. The levels of RC and HbA1c were determined 6 and 12 months after surgery and compared to preoperative levels to assess the efficacy of these surgical methods. In the statistical evaluation of covariations between RC and other biomarkers, previously determined C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 6 and 12 months after surgery were included. A linear mixed regression model for repeated analyses was used. Results: The RC levels were markedly reduced both after RYGB and SG but without significant differences between the RYGB and the SG surgery. Furthermore, the RC values were strongly associated with the levels of CRP and HbA1c. Conclusions: A significant lowering of RC values after bariatric surgery appeared paralleled by concomitant reductions in HbA1c values and CRP levels. Together, these effects lead to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Das, Siddhartha; Ginos, Bigina N.R; Matthews, Jason; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Voortman, Trudy [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Exposure to fine particulate matter in adults is associated with immune cell gene expression related to inflammation, the electron transport chain, and cell cycle regulation. Environmental Epigenetics. 11(1). doi: 10.1093/eep/dvaf008. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Exposure to air pollution and an unhealthy built environment increase disease risk by impacting metabolic risk factors and inflammation, potentially via epigenetic modifications and effects on gene expression. We aimed to explore associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, distance to nearest water body, normalized difference vegetation index, and impervious surface and gene expression profiles in adults. This study is a part of the LongITools project and includes cross-sectional data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study, and NoMa, a randomized controlled trial. Environmental exposures were assigned using land-use regression (LUR) models and satellite data. Gene expression was assessed with whole blood RNA sequencing (Rotterdam Study, n = 758) and microarray analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (NoMa, n = 100). We analysed transcriptomic profiles and enriched pathways associated with each of the environmental exposures. PM2.5 had the strongest gene expression associations, while only a few significant associations were observed for the other environmental exposures. In both populations, exposure to PM2.5 was associated with genes and pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA metabolism, cell cycle regulation, histones, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and neural signalling. This study is limited by different methods for RNA quantification, a cross-sectional design, and a small sample size. However, in both populations, exposure to PM2.5 resulted in the maximum number of associations with gene expression. In conclusion, PM2.5 is strongly associated with various gene expression profiles, which provide information about the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental health effects of exposure to PM2.5.

• Kristiansen, Anne Lene; Myhre, Jannicke Borch; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Andersen, Lene Frost (2025). Vitamin D status in Norwegian children and associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 69. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v69.10727. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims: There is limited data regarding the vitamin D status of infants and young children in Norway. We aimed to assess vitamin D status among Norwegian children at approximately 6 and 12 months of age and explore associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status. Methods: Mothers/parents completed a food frequency questionnaire for their 6/12-month-old child. Dried blood spot samples were collected from the mother and child. Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration was 81 nmol/L (standard deviation [SD] 22 nmol/L) for 6-month-old children (n = 84) and 72 nmol/L (SD 22 nmol/L) for 12-month-old children (n = 56) (P = 0.03 for difference between age groups). In the younger and older age groups, 94 and 88% of the children, respectively, had a S-25(OH)D concentration ≥ 50 nmol/L. The mean dietary vitamin D intake was 12 μg/day for the 6-month-olds and 14 μg/day for the 12-month-olds. Adjusted linear regression models showed that for every μg/day increase in dietary vitamin D intake, serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) increased by around one nmol/L for both age groups (P = 0.002 for the younger age group and P = 0.04 for the older age group). Use of vitamin D supplements was associated with higher S-25(OH)D concentrations in both age groups, while a higher S-25(OH)D concentration among formula users was found only in the youngest age group. Breastfeeding was not associated with S-25(OH)D concentration in either age group. Small positive correlations between child and maternal vitamin D status were observed for both the younger (r = 0.22) and the older (r = 0.28) age groups (P = 0.04 for both groups). Conclusion: While there was a wide range in S-25(OH)D concentrations among children, most were within the sufficient range. Adequate vitamin D intake should be encouraged both in the first and second year of life.

• Mallick, Rahul; Basak, Sanjay; Chowdhury, Premanjali; Bhowmik, Prasenjit; Das, Ranjit K. & Banerjee, Antara [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals. 18(1). doi: 10.3390/ph18010104. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cytokine-mediated inflammation is increasingly recognized for playing a vital role in the pathophysiology of a wide range of brain disorders, including neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental problems. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause neuroinflammation, alter brain function, and accelerate disease development. Despite progress in understanding these pathways, effective medicines targeting brain inflammation are still limited. Traditional anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs are effective in peripheral inflammatory illnesses. Still, they face substantial hurdles when applied to the central nervous system (CNS), such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and unwanted systemic effects. This review highlights the developing treatment techniques for modifying cytokine-driven neuroinflammation, focusing on advances that selectively target critical cytokines involved in brain pathology. Novel approaches, including cytokine-specific inhibitors, antibody-based therapeutics, gene- and RNA-based interventions, and sophisticated drug delivery systems like nanoparticles, show promise with respect to lowering neuroinflammation with greater specificity and safety. Furthermore, developments in biomarker discoveries and neuroimaging techniques are improving our ability to monitor inflammatory responses, allowing for more accurate and personalized treatment regimens. Preclinical and clinical trial data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of these tailored techniques. However, significant challenges remain, such as improving delivery across the BBB and reducing off-target effects. As research advances, the creation of personalized, cytokine-centered therapeutics has the potential to alter the therapy landscape for brain illnesses, giving patients hope for better results and a higher quality of life.

• Song, Peige; Adeloye, Davies; Acharya, Yubraj; Bojude, Danladi Adamu; Ali, Sajjad & Alibudbud, Rowalt [Show all 59 contributors for this article] (2024). Setting research priorities for global pandemic preparedness: An international consensus and comparison with ChatGPT's output. Journal of Global Health. ISSN 2047-2978. 14. doi: 10.7189/jogh.14.04054. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Hjartåker, Anette; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Müller, Hanne & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (2026). Grunnleggende ernæringslære. Gyldendal. ISBN 9788205614734. 485 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Boken legger særlig vekt på betydningen av samspillet mellom kosthold og fysisk aktivitet for god helse. Innholdet i denne fjerde utgaven er oppdatert i tråd med aktuell forskningslitteratur og nasjonale anbefalinger, og den er spesielt tilpasset norske forhold. Boken henvender seg til et bredt spekter av studenter ved universitets- og høyskoler, blant annet innenfor medisin, ernæring, idrettsfag og fysioterapi, i tillegg til andre fagområder som jobber med forebygging og folkehelse. Boken gir også et solid grunnlag for videre studier innenfor mer spesialiserte, tilgrensende områder som klinisk ernæring, samfunnsernæring og næringsmiddelteknologi.

• Pathak, Surajit; Banerjee, Antara & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2025). Microbiota and Dietary Mediators in Colon Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Springer. ISBN 9789819602964. doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-0297-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Pathak, Surajit; Banerjee, Antara & Duttaroy, Asim Kanti (2025). Small Molecules for Cancer Treatment. Springer Nature. ISBN 9789819603008. doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-0301-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Duttaroy, Asim Kanti & Jena, Atala Bihari (2025). New Developments in Redox Biology. Elsevier. ISBN 9780443438851. doi: 10.1016/C2024-0-04406-2. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Khalil, Youssef Samir Abouzeid Mohamed; Vesterbekkmo, Elisabeth Kleivhaug; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Dalen, Håvard; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Blom, Sigrid Marie [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Excess atherosclerotic cardiovascular burden associated with elevated lipoprotein(a) across age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors: insights from 16-year follow-up of the HUNT Study. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 47(Supplement_1). doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehag785.3363. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Background Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but prevention strategies should be guided by where the absolute excess burden of events is greatest. Purpose To test additive interaction between elevated Lp(a) and other ASCVD risk factors, and to estimate absolute excess ASCVD hazard associated with elevated Lp(a) across cardiometabolic profiles at different ages. Methods We included 19 495 adults without ASCVD at baseline from the Trøndelag Health Study (2006–08) and followed them for up to 16 years for first ASCVD event. Lp(a) was dichotomised as &gt;105 versus ≤105 nmol/L, and pre-specified risk factors were classified into higher and lower-risk strata. Multivariable cause-specific Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and to evaluate additive interaction using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Sex-specific marginal hazards and hazard rate differences (HRDs) of ASCVD per 1000 person-years were estimated at age 60 across cardiometabolic markers. Sensitivity analyses used Lp(a) ≥96th versus 1–74th percentiles. Results HRs were generally highest when elevated Lp(a) coexisted with the higher-risk stratum of the risk factor. Additive interaction was observed for older age (RERI 0.60; 95% CI: 0.10–1.10) and male sex (RERI 0.63; 95% CI: 0.27–0.99). Using ≥96th versus 1–74th percentiles, smoking also showed additive interaction (RERI 0.57; 95% CI: 0.05–1.08). RERI estimates for remaining risk factors were small. At age 60, hazard rates of ASCVD were higher for elevated versus low Lp(a) across all risk factors and were generally larger in men. Across mean systolic blood pressure, the excess burden associated with elevated Lp(a) increased with higher levels in men, reaching 7.88 additional events per 1000 person-years at 180 mmHg (95% CI: -1.38–17.14), whereas women showed a smaller increase (HRD 3.89; 95% CI: -0.74–8.53). Across triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG:HDL-C) ratio, the excess burden in men peaked around a TG:HDL-C ratio of ~1.4, reaching 7.41 additional events per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 4.42–10.41), while in women the HRDs were relatively constant. In contrast, HRDs varied little across other risk factors, including C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Similar patterns were observed at older ages. Conclusions Elevated Lp(a) shows clinically relevant additive interaction with age and sex, while interaction with most other cardiometabolic risk factors appears limited. Nevertheless, absolute excess ASCVD burden varies across selected cardiometabolic profiles and is consistently greater in men. These findings support a clear communication of the absolute excess burden associated with elevated Lp(a) and may help inform the most relevant target groups for future Lp(a)-lowering therapies. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.

• Khalil, Youssef Samir Abouzeid Mohamed; Vesterbekkmo, Elisabeth Kleivhaug; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Dalen, Håvard; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Blom, Sigrid Marie [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). LIPOPROTEIN(A), AGE AND SEX-SPECIFIC ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE HAZARDS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: NEW INSIGHTS FROM 16-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE NORWEGIAN HUNT STUDY. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 419, p. 121083–121083. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2026.121083. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and Aims: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) develops through cumulative exposure to causal risk factors, such as lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. Evidence on how high Lp(a) shapes long-term absolute and relative ASCVD hazards across age and sex remains limited. We quantified age and sex-specific absolute and relative ASCVD hazards associated with high Lp(a) and assessed whether these age-related patterns differed between men and women. Methods: We included 19 495 adults without ASCVD at baseline with Lp(a) measured from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3, 2006–08). Participants were followed for up to 16 years for first ASCVD event. Lp(a) was categorized as high (≥95th percentile; ≥252 nmol/L) versus low (≤74th percentile; ≤62 nmol/L). Standardized age and sex-specific hazard rates, hazard ratios (HRs), and hazard rate differences (HRDs) per 1000 person-years were estimated using multivariable cause-specific flexible parametric survival models. Results: High Lp(a) was associated with higher ASCVD hazards at all ages. In both sexes combined, the HR for high versus low Lp(a) declined from 2.42 (95% CI: 1.14–5.14) at age 40 to 1.24 (95% CI: 0.91–1.70) at age 90, while corresponding HRDs increased from 1.22 (95% CI: -0.24–2.67) to 6.97 (95% CI: -4.08–18.02) extra ASCVD events per 1000 person-years. Men had higher ASCVD hazards than women at all ages. HRs were broadly similar between sexes but tended to be slightly higher in women at midlife. However, the number of extra ASCVD events per 1000 person-years due to high Lp(a) increased with age in both sexes and was consistently higher in men compared to women. Conclusions: High Lp(a) is a long-term risk factor for ASCVD across adulthood, with a larger relative impact at younger ages, but causes more excess events in older adults, and particularly in men. These risk profiles may help clinicians prioritize Lp(a) testing and identify patients who may benefit from future Lp(a)-lowering therapies.

• Sundsbarm, Sebastian; Bye, Asta; Tjønnfjord, Geir Erland; Iversen, Per Ole & Skaarud, Kristin Aneta Joan (2026). Nutrition impact symptoms and nutritional status in adult allo-HSCT recipients during 1-year follow-up. Bone Marrow Transplantation. ISSN 0268-3369. 61(S1), p. 1041–1098. doi: 10.1038/s41409-026-02887-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) are contributors to impaired nutritional status in allo-HSCT patients. However, the impact of patients’ reported NIS on nutritional status are poorly described. This study investigated changes in NIS and nutritional status, and associations between NIS and nutritional status during a 1-year follow-up of allo-HSCT patients. Methods: We used data from 117 patients (57 intervention, 60 control) who participated in a randomized controlled nutritional intervention trial. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in NIS over time. Ordinal logistic regressions were used to analyse associations between NIS and nutritional status. Results: Nausea and vomiting and constipation were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group during 1-year follow-up (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001, respectively). Initially, nutritional status declined in both study groups post-allo-HSCT but improved over time. Significantly fewer patients in the intervention group were malnourished at 3 weeks (p = 0.020) and 6 weeks post-transplantation (p = 0.028). Associations between NIS and nutritional status varied over time and differed between the study groups at 6 weeks post-transplantation (OR 3.702, 95% CI: (1.355, 10.100), p = 0.011). Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings emphasize the need for long term monitoring of symptoms and nutritional status in allo-HSCT patients, supporting individualized nutritional assessments as part of long-term care strategies. Disclosure: Geir Erland Tjønnfjord has received research grants from Mundipharma and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, advisory board honoraria from Alexion Pharmaceuticals and Johnson & Johnson, and lecture honoraria from Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, and Mundipharma. The other authors declare no competing interest.

• Angelsen, Madeleine Elisabeth; Najar, Hemen; Svendsen, Mette; Thoresen, Magne; Peleikis, Dawn Elisabeth & Retterstøl, Kjetil (2026). Clinical dietitian-led nutrition counseling and exercise to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults living with a BMI above 27 and severe mental illness: the NORMI-Heart trial protocol. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1700251. Full text in Research Archive
• Spilde, Ingrid; Molin, Marianne; Kolby, Marit; Clausen, Maria Thompson; Brevik, Asgeir & Lied, Gülen Arslan [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Norsk studie testet det motsatte av det vanlige rådet mot irritabel tarm. [Internet]. forskning.no. doi: https:/www.forskning.no/mat-og-helse-tarm-og-fordoyelse/norsk-studie-testet-det-motsatte-av-det-vanlige-radet-mot-irritabel-tarm/2626378. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Folk med irritabel tarm blir ofte rådet til å ikke gå lenge uten å spise. Men hva skjer om du gjør det motsatte og faster store deler av døgnet?

• Klevmoen, Marianne; Mulder, Janneke W.C.M.; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Vesterbekkmo, Elisabeth Kleivhaug & Pedersen, Eva Ringdal [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2025). Prospective study on breastfeeding, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk markers in women with familial hypercholesterolaemia: study protocol for the FH-FEMINA study. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092208. Full text in Research Archive
• Glisic, Marija; Hirani, Shashivadan P.; Slettahjell, Hanne Bjørg; Faber, Willemijn; Dionyssiotis, Yannis & Forbes, Alastair [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2025). Priority setting for nutrition research in individuals with spinal cord injury: A protocol for Delphi study among health professionals. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327612. Full text in Research Archive
• Lennep, Jeanine E. Roeters van; Öörni, Katariina; Binder, Christoph J.; Kronenberg, Florian; Mallat, Ziad & Raggi, Paolo [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2025). The essential role of sex and gender in atherosclerosis research: A statement from the Editorial Board of Atherosclerosis and Executive Committee of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 407. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120403. Full text in Research Archive
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun; Hjartåker, Anette; Klingberg, Sofia & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). Breastfeeding duration and maternal weight change through adulthood in a population-based cohort study. Full text in Research Archive
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun (2025). Breastfeeding duration and maternal weight change through adulthood in a population-based cohort study. Full text in Research Archive
• Erichsen, Marianne; Ottestad, Inger; Solheim, Tora S; Paur, Ingvild; Thronæs, Morten & Follestad, Turid [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2025). Beyond Starvation: Exploring hypermetabolism in incurable cancer. Full text in Research Archive
• Myrvoll, Eli Anne & Henriksen, Christine (2025). Dansk professor: – Ikke gi barna multivitamin. [Internet]. Forskning.no. doi: https:/www.forskning.no/barn-og-ungdom-vitaminer/dansk-professor-ikke-gi-barna-multivitamin/2584155. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Foreldre risikerer å forgifte barna sine med multivitamin, ifølge Susanne Bügel. Nei, de gjør ikke det – men vær oppmerksom på at de ikke får i seg for mye, sier norsk forsker.

• Sandberg, Maja; Mogren, Ingrid; Augustin, Hanna; Winkvist, Anna; Söderberg, Stefan & Klingberg, Sofia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Longer breastfeeding duration reduces the risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Full text in Research Archive
• Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). The effect of lactation and weight loss on risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in postpartum women with overweight and obesity – The EVA study. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Post-weaning results from a Randomized Controlled Trial on Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors - Effects of Breastfeeding Promotion Intervention and Dietary Treatment in Postpartum Women with Overweight and Obesity. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Foredrag på International Conference of Nutrition (ICN)

• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). The effect of lactation and weight change on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postpartum women with overweight and obesity – The EVA study. Full text in Research Archive
• Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Fossli, Maria; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Effects of breastfeeding and diet interventions in postpartum women with overweight and obesity: Results from an RCT on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Foredrag på Throne Holst seminar

• Fossli, Maria; Øhman, Elisabeth Adolfsen; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Winkvist, Anna; Løland, Beate Fossum & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Effekter av ammeintervensjon og kostintervensjon hos postpartum kvinner med overvekt og fedme: Resultater fra en randomisert, kontrollert studie på vekt og kardiometabolske risikofaktorer. Full text in Research Archive
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun (2025). Myter om trening og kosthold. Arrangement i regi av UiO for gutter på 10.trinn og vgs for å introdusere fag innenfor livsvitenskap. Full text in Research Archive
• Clauss, Matthieu; Puissant, Clair; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Nielsen, Lotte L. K.; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Jeppesen, Per Bendix [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Effect of high intakes of protein-only and carbohydrate-only on plasma metabolites and hormones, in addition to nitrogen excretion. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4414-0_16. Full text in Research Archive
• Skammelsrud, Thorbjørn Brun; Hjartåker, Anette; Klingberg, Sofia & Brekke, Hilde Kristin (2025). Sammenhengen mellom amming og vektutvikling gjennom livet blant mødre i "Kvinner og kreft"-studien. Full text in Research Archive
• Mulder, Janneke W. C. M.; Pang, Jing; Klevmoen, Marianne; Kranenburg, Leonieke W.; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Boersma, Eric [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Family planning, pregnancy, and breastfeeding care in familial hypercholesterolaemia: A study protocol for a mixed-methods study in the Netherlands, Norway and Australia (Taking ACTion to Improve Care of coupleS in FH (TACTICS)). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089187. Full text in Research Archive
• Uduma, Amara Synøve; Sverre, Elise Christine Bjørkholen; Munkhaugen, John; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). More musculoskeletal disorders and poor pain management in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and self-perceived side effects to cholesterol-lowering treatment. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: To compare clinical and psychosocial characteristics of patients with FH, with and without self-perceived side effects to cholesterol-lowering treatment. Methods: A group of 929 adult outpatients with confirmed genetic FH from a regional treatment register in Norway were invited to an observational study. The participants completed a digital questionnaire covering self-perceived side effects (any symptoms), use of cholesterol-lowering medications, musculoskeletal disorders or rheumatic diseases, and muscular symptoms and pain treatment. We collected data on FH diagnosis, comorbidities, and biomarkers in blood from the last consultation listed in the treatment register. Results: Mean age was 52 (SD 15) years, and 57% were women. Thirty-eight (15%) out of 255 participants reported self-perceived side effects to cholesterol-lowering treatment. Patients with self-perceived side effects were more frequently living alone (26% vs. 12%, p=0.025) and had slightly higher LDL-C than those without side effects, whereas no differences in creatine kinase or alanine transaminase were observed. Patients with self-perceived side effects had a higher frequency of musculoskeletal disorders or rheumatic diseases (58% vs. 37%, p<0.001) than those with no side effects (Table 1). They also reported more muscle symptoms the last month in general, and specifically from the hips, thighs, calves, shoulders, and neck. Median pain intensity the last 24-hours was significantly higher (3 vs. 1 on a 0 [no] to 10 [worst imaginable] numeric rating scale, p<0.001) in patients with side effects, and 58% currently used no pain medication (Table 2). Conclusions: Patients with FH and self-perceived side effects frequently have musculoskeletal disorders or rheumatic diseases and clinically significant pain without treatment. Our study suggests that a considerable proportion of patients misattribute muscle symptoms and pain to their cholesterol-lowering medications. Future work should focus on musculoskeletal- and rheumatic conditions as an alternative explanation for self-perceived side effects to cholesterol-lowering medication.

• Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Rundblad, Amanda; Rud, Emilia; Gaundal, Line; Rud, Ida & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2025). Metabolic profiling and gene transcription analyses in healthy individuals after exchanging SFA with PUFA: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and objectives: The underlying molecular mechanisms by which diet influences metabolic health are still to be elucidated. In secondary analyses of an RCT, we aimed to investigate the effect on cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy individuals after a short-term intervention with PUFA compared to SFA by using metabolomics and transcriptomics. Materials and methods: Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a double-blind, crossover RCT. Participants were allocated to receive interventions with PUFA and SFA products in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 10-day washout period. We analyzed the effect of the intervention on 155 metabolites mainly related to lipoproteins using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the expression of 748 genes related to metabolic pathways using NanoString. Results: The particle concentration of the smallest very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and all low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses were reduced after intake of PUFA for three days compared to SFA. We found the same pattern for the particle content of cholesterol, but not triglyceride, in these lipoprotein subclasses. Moreover, the concentration of other atherogenic lipoprotein measures were reduced after intake of PUFA compared to SFA. The expression of 45 genes were significantly altered by PUFA compared to SFA. Several of these genes were related to lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis (such as ALOX15, SLC3A2, ECHS1, STK11, SREBF2, FABP5, and ACACA). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a three-day intervention with PUFA significantly reduced several atherogenic lipoprotein subclass measures, and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in young healthy individuals. This highlights that the dietary fat quality is important to improve the cardiovascular disease risk profile, even in a young healthy population.

• Slettahjell, Hanne Bjørg & Henriksen, Christine (2026). Managing Nutritional Risks in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: From Malnutrition to Obesity Prevention. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces rapid changes in body composition, energy metabolism, and nutritional requirements. Substantial skeletal muscle loss and reduced energy expenditure occur early after injury, while adipose tissue may accumulate even in the absence of weight gain. At the same time, weight loss and malnutrition are common during the acute and subacute phases, creating challenges for nutritional assessment and care. This thesis investigated nutritional challenges and changes in body composition during the first year after traumatic SCI. Three complementary studies examined longitudinal changes in body composition using neck-to-knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the prevalence of malnutrition and applicability of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and the effect of a structured, individualized dietitian-led nutritional intervention compared with usual care. Longitudinal MRI demonstrated substantial loss of skeletal muscle and accumulation of adipose tissue during the first year post-SCI, with more pronounced changes among individuals with motor complete injuries. Malnutrition was highly prevalent during subacute rehabilitation, while injury-related changes in body composition complicated the interpretation of reduced muscle mass as a criterion for malnutrition. In the randomized controlled trial, the intervention did not significantly affect the primary outcome, total fat mass. However, favorable between-group differences were observed for waist circumference and estimated visceral adipose tissue, suggesting that individualized dietitian-led nutritional care may attenuate adverse adiposity trajectories during the first year after SCI. Together, the findings demonstrate the complexity of nutritional risk following SCI and highlight the limitations of relying on body weight alone. Assessment of body composition, dietary intake, and individual energy requirements may provide a more comprehensive basis for tailored nutritional care. The findings highlight the potential value of structured, individualized dietitian-led nutritional follow-up as part of SCI rehabilitation and continued care after discharge.

• Thomassen, Rut Anne; Henriksen, Christine & Brun, Anne Charlotte (2026). Effect of prebiotics in children with intestinal failure. Gut feeling or evidence-based practice? Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788234808289. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Intestinal failure is a rare but severe condition in which the gut cannot absorb enough nutrients and fluids to sustain health and growth, necessitating long term parenteral nutrition. While lifesaving, parenteral nutrition carries medical risks and places a substantial burden on children and their families. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common and may limit progression toward enteral nutrition and independence from parenteral support. These symptoms may be linked to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Antibiotics are commonly used as treatment, but alternative strategies are needed. Prebiotics, nondigestible food components that selectively stimulate beneficial gut bacteria, may improve microbiota balance, reduce gastrointestinal symptoms, and potentially enhance health related quality of life. This thesis investigates how nutritional support and gastrointestinal symptoms influence health related quality of life in children with intestinal failure and their families and evaluates prebiotic supplementation as a potential therapeutic approach. Using baseline data from a cross sectional analysis, health related quality of life was assessed. Parent reported quality of life was markedly reduced compared with healthy peers, whereas children’s self reports did not differ significantly. The need for parenteral nutrition placed a substantial burden on parents and impaired family functioning. Gastrointestinal symptoms were strongly associated with reduced quality of life. In a randomized controlled trial, prebiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms. Microbiota composition was altered, including increases in selected beneficial taxa and transient reductions in potentially pro inflammatory bacteria. Responses varied according to baseline microbiota composition and intestinal anatomy. Prebiotics may therefore benefit a subset of children with intestinal failure and highlight the importance of individualised care.

• Kakwangire, Paul; Friberg, Prudence Atukunda; Muhoozi, Grace Kyamazima Mehangye & Iversen, Per Ole (2025). Effects of a maternal education intervention on child development and maternal depression: Long-term follow-up of a cluster-randomized trial in rural Uganda. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788234806902. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Early childhood represents a pivotal phase for cognitive, emotional, and physical development. However, children residing in low-resource rural environments face an elevated risk of undernutrition and associated developmental delays. Few studies have examined whether maternal education interventions can produce long-term benefits for child development and maternal mental health. The aim of this thesis was to assess the long-term effects of a maternal education intervention on child development (cognition and attention) eight years later, identify early-life predictors of developmental outcomes, and evaluate maternal depressive symptoms six years after the intervention. The original CHNUDEV trial was a cluster-randomized controlled study conducted in rural southwestern Uganda between 2013 and 2014, enrolling 511 mother-child pairs. The intervention provided education sessions on nutrition, hygiene, oral health, and child stimulation when children were 6-8 months old. Follow-up assessments were conducted at six and eight years post-intervention. Child cognition and attention were measured using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition and the Test of Variables of Attention. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Children in the intervention group had significantly higher scores on short-term memory, visual processing, fluid reasoning, and overall cognitive ability compared to children in the control group. Intervention group children also showed better attention performance. Baseline factors such as maternal education, child sex, and nutritional and developmental status were significantly associated with cognitive outcomes at eight years. Mothers in the intervention group reported fewer depressive symptoms at six years, although differences were borderline statistically significant. Overall, the study demonstrates that a low-cost maternal education intervention can lead to sustained improvements in child development and may support better maternal mental health in low-resource settings. These findings highlight the value of integrating nutrition, hygiene, and child stimulation education into community based health programs to promote long-term benefits for both children and caregivers.

View all works in NVA