Anne Spurkland

• Borowicz, Pawel; Chan, Hanna; Hauge, Anette & Spurkland, Anne (2020). Adaptor proteins: Flexible and dynamic modulators of immune cell signalling. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  92(6) . doi: 10.1111/sji.12951 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  To maintain homeostasis, all cells respond to environmental cues via a multitude of surface receptors. In order to act appropriately in their environment, cells are dependent on the transduction of the incoming signal through tightly regulated and interconnected signalling pathways to the cell nucleus. In particular, cells implicated in the immune system greatly depend on such systems to respond in a flexible and dynamic manner to environmental challenges. One major group of intracellular proteins that are involved in these signalling pathways are adaptor proteins. Although adaptor proteins are essential for normal immune cell operation, the functional role of this group of signalling proteins remains to be fully appreciated. So far, research on adaptor proteins has revealed their unique potential in building transient complexes in a reversible, dynamic and inducible manner. In this review, we explore the roles of adaptor proteins – in space and time of intracellular signalling – and their associations with human disease. Examples of adaptor proteins expressed in hematopoietic cells highlight their crucial role in the immune system. Lastly, we present challenges faced in elucidating roles of adaptor proteins, as illustrated by the T cell–specific adaptor (TSAd) protein encoded by the SH2D2A gene.

• Andersen, Thorny Cesilie Bie; Kristiansen, Per Eugen; Huszenicza, Zsuzsa; Johansson, Maria U.; Gopalakrishnan, Ramakrishna Prabhu; Kjelstrup, Hanna; Boyken, Scott; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Granum, Stine; Sørlie, Morten; Backe, Paul Hoff; Fulton, Bruce D; Karlsson, B.Göran; Andreotti, Amy H. & Spurkland, Anne (2019). The SH3 domains of the protein kinases ITK and LCK compete for adjacent sites on T cell-specific adapter protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry.  ISSN 0021-9258.  294(42), s 15480- 15494 . doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.008318 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Chan, Hanna; Talmo Medina, Daniel; Gumpelmair, Simon; Kjelstrup, Hanna & Spurkland, Anne (2019). A simple and efficient workflow for generation of knock-in mutations in Jurkat T cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475. . doi: 10.1111/sji.12862 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Baranzini, Sergio E.; Santaniello, Adam; Shoostari, Parisa; Cotsapas, Chris; Wong, Garrett; Beecham, Ashley H.; James, Tojo; Replogle, Joseph; Vlachos, Ioannis S.; McCabe, Cristin; Pers, Tune H.; Brandes, Aaron; White, Charles; Keenan, Brendan; Cimpean, Maria; Winn, Phoebe; Panteliadis, Ioannis-Pavlos; Robbins, Allison; Andlauer, Till F.M.; Zarzycki, Onigiusz; Dubois, Benedicte; Goris, An; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Sellebjerg, Finn; Sørensen, Per Sølberg; Ullum, Henrik; Thørner, Lise Wegner; Saarela, Janna; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Damotte, Vincent; Fontaine, Bertrand; Guillot-Noel, Lena; Lathrop, Mark; Vukusic, Sandra; Berthele, Achim; Pongratz, Viola; Buck, Dorothea; Gasperi, Christiane; Graetz, Christiane; Grummel, Verena; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hoshi, Muni; Knier, Benjamin; Korn, Thomas S.; Lill, Christina M.; Luessi, Felix; Muhlau, Mark; Zipp, Frauke; Dardiotis, Efthimios; Agliardi, Cristina; Amoroso, Antonio; Barizzone, Nadia; Benedetti, Maria D.; Bernardinelli, Luisa; Cavalla, Paola; Clarelli, Ferdinando; Comi, Giancarlo; Cusi, Daniele; Esposito, Federica; Ferré, Laura; Galimberti, Daniela; Guaschino, Clara; Leone, Maurizio A.; Martinelli, Vittorio; Moiola, Lucia; Salvetti, Marco; Sorosina, Melissa; Vecchio, Domizia; Zauli, Andrea; Santoro, Silvia; Mancini, Nicasio; Zuccalà, Miriam; Mescheriakova, Julia; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Bos-Haugen, Steffan Daniël; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Comabella, Manuel; Montalban, Xavier; Alfredsson, Lars; Bomfim, Izaura L.; Gomez-Cabrero, David; Hillert, Jan; Jagodić, Maja; Lindén, Magdalena; Piehl, Fredrik; Jelcic, Ilijas; Martin, Roland; Sospedra, Mirela; Baker, Amie; Ban, Maria; Hawkins, Clive; Hysi, Pirro; Kalra, Seema; Karpe, Fredrik; Khadake, Jyoti; Lachance, Genevieve; Molyneux, Paul; Neville, Matthew; Thorpe, John; Bradshaw, Elizabeth; Caillier, Stacy J.; Calabresi, Peter; Cree, Bruce A.C.; Cross, Anne; Davis, Mary; de Bakker, Paul W.I.; Delgado, Silvia; Dembele, Marieme; Edwards, Keith; Fitzgerald, Kate; Frohlich, Irene Y.; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Haines, Jonathan L.; Hákonarson, Hákon H.; Kimbrough, Dorlan; Isobe, Noriko; Konidari, Ioanna; Lathi, Ellen; Lee, Michelle H.; Li, Taibo; An, David; Zimmer, Andrew; Madireddy, Lohith; Manrique, Clara P.; Mitrovic, Mitja; Olah, Marta; Patrick, Ellis; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Piccio, Laura; Schaefer, Cathy; Weiner, Howard; Lage, Kasper; Compston, Alastair; Hafler, David; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen L.; Stewart, Graeme; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios; Taylor, Bruce; Barcellos, Lisa F.; Booth, David; Hintzen, Rogier; Kockum, Ingrid; Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo; McCauley, Jacob L.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Oturai, Annette; Sawcer, Stephen; Ivinson, Adrian J.; Olsson, Tomas & de Jager, Philip L. (2019). Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility. Science.  ISSN 0036-8075.  365:eaav7188(6460), s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1126/science.aav7188 Vis sammendrag

  We analyzed genetic data of 47,429 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 68,374 control subjects and established a reference map of the genetic architecture of MS that includes 200 autosomal susceptibility variants outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), one chromosome X variant, and 32 variants within the extended MHC. We used an ensemble of methods to prioritize 551 putative susceptibility genes that implicate multiple innate and adaptive pathways distributed across the cellular components of the immune system. Using expression profiles from purified human microglia, we observed enrichment for MS genes in these brain-resident immune cells, suggesting that these may have a role in targeting an autoimmune process to the central nervous system, although MS is most likely initially triggered by perturbation of peripheral immune responses

• Abrahamsen, Greger; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Mekonnen, Meseret; Bogen, Bjarne & Spurkland, Anne (2018). Polarity of CD4+ T cells towards the antigen presenting cell is regulated by the Lck adapter TSAd. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  8:13319, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31510-6 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mekonnen, Meseret Habtamu; Abebe, Markos; Aseffa, Abraham; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Spurkland, Anne & Abrahamsen, Greger (2018). In vitro analysis of antigen induced T cell-monocyte conjugates by imaging flow cytometry. JIM - Journal of Immunological Methods.  ISSN 0022-1759.  460, s 93- 100 . doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.014 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mitrovic, Mitja; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Beecham, Ashley H.; Dankowski, Theresa; Goris, An; Dubois, Benedicte; D’hooghe, Marie B.; Lemmens, Robin; Van Damme, Philip; Bach Søndergaard, Helle; Sellebjerg, Finn; Soelberg Sorensen, Per; Ullum, Henrik; Thørner, Lise Wegner; Werge, Thomas; Saarela, Janna; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Damotte, Vincent; Fontaine, Bertrand; Guillot-Noel, Lena; Lathrop, Mark; Vukusik, Sandra; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Andlauer, Till F.M.; Pongratz, Viola; Buck, Dorothea; Gasperi, Christiane; Antonios, Bayas; Heesen, Christoph; Kümpfel, Tania; Linker, Ralf; Paul, Friedemann; Stangel, Martin; Tackenberg, Björn; Bergh, Florian Then; Warnke, Clemens; Wiendl, Heinz; Wildemann, Brigitte; Zettl, Uwe; Ziemann, Ulf; Tumani, Hayrettin; Gold, Ralf; Grummel, Verena; Hemmer, Bernhard; Knier, Benjamin; Lill, Christina M.; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Spurkland, Anne; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Cotsapas, Chris (2018). Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk. Cell.  ISSN 0092-8674.  175(6), s 1679- 1687 . doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.049 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hem, Cecilie Anne Dahl; Ekornhol, Marianne; Granum, Stine; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold & Spurkland, Anne (2017). CD6 and Linker of Activated T Cells are Potential Interaction Partners for T Cell-Specific Adaptor Protein. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  85(2), s 104- 112 . doi: 10.1111/sji.12513
• Berge, Tone; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Page, Christian; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Bjølgerud, Anja; Holmøy, Trygve; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Damoiseaux, J.; Smolders, J; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Spurkland, Anne (2016). The multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes TAGAP and IL2RA are regulated by Vitamin D in CD4+ T cells. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  17(2), s 118- 127 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2015.61
• Gordon, Emma; Fukuhara, D.; Weström, S.; Padhan, N.; Sjöström, Elisabeth; van Meeteren, L.; He, Liqun; Orsenigo, F.; Dejana, E.; Bentley, K.; Spurkland, Anne & Claesson-Welsh, Lena (2016). The endothelial adaptor molecule TSAd is required for VEGF-induced angiogenic sprouting through junctional c-Src activation. Science Signaling.  ISSN 1945-0877.  9(437) . doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aad9256
• Enqvist, Monika; Ask, Eivind Heggernes; Forslund, Elin; Carlsten, Mattias; Abrahamsen, Greger; Béziat, Vivien; Andersson, Sandra; Schaffer, Marie; Spurkland, Anne; Bryceson, Yenan; Önfelt, Björn & Malmberg, Karl-Johan (2015). Coordinated expression of DNAM-1 and LFA-1 in educated NK cells. Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0022-1767.  194(9), s 4518- 4527 . doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401972
• Eriksen, Agnete Bratsberg; Berge, Tone; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Spurkland, Anne; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil (2015). Retinoic acid enhances the levelels of IL-10 in TLR-stimulated B cells from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  278, s 11- 18 . doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.11.019
• Eriksen, Agnete Bratsberg; Torgersen, Maria Lyngaas; Lillebø Holm, Kristine; Abrahamsen, Greger; Spurkland, Anne; Moskaug, Jan Øivind; Simonsen, Anne & Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil (2015). Retinoic acid-induced IgG Production in TLR-activated human primary B cells involves ULK1-mediated autophagy. Autophagy.  ISSN 1554-8627.  11(3), s 460- 471 . doi: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009797
• Hem, Cecilie Anne Dahl; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Granum, Stine; Koll, Lise; Abrahamsen, Greger; Buday, Laszlo & Spurkland, Anne (2015). T cell specific adaptor protein (TSAd) promotes interaction of Nck with Lck and SLP-76 in T cells. Cell Communication and Signaling.  ISSN 1478-811X.  13(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12964-015-0109-7
• Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Keshari, Pankaj Kumar; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Bjølgerud, Anja; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Berge, Tone (2015). Multiple sclerosis risk allele in CLEC16A acts as an expression quantitative trait locus for CLEC16A and SOCS1 in CD4+ T cells. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10>e0132957(7) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132957 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Moussa, P; Abrahamsen, Greger; Fodil, N; Gopalakrishnan, Ramakrishna Prabhu; Mancini, M; Dissen, Erik; Sæther, Per Christian; Wiltshire, SA; Boivin, GA; Caignard, G; Spurkland, Anne & Vidal, SM (2015). Reduced MCMV Δm157 viral clearance in the absence of TSAd. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  5 . doi: 10.1038/srep09219 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Moutsianas, Loukas; Jostins, Luke; Beecham, Ashley H.; Dilthey, Alexander T.; Xifara, Dionysia K.; Ban, Maria; Shah, Tejas S.; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Alfredsson, Lars; Anderson, Carl A.; Attfield, Katherine E.; Baranzini, Sergio E.; Barrett, Jeffrey; Binder, Thomas M.C.; Booth, David; Buck, Dorothea; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Cotsapas, Chris; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Dendrou, Calliope A.; Donnelly, Peter; Dubois, Bénédicte; Fontaine, Bertrand; Fugger, Lars; Goris, An; Gourraud, Pierr-Antoine; Graetz, Christiane; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Leslie, Stephen; Lill, Christina M.; Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Olsson, Tomas; Oturai, Annette; Saarela, Janna; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Spurkland, Anne; Taylor, Bruce; Winkelmann, Juliane; Zipp, Frauke; Haines, Jonathan L.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Spencer, Chris C.A.; Stewart, Graeme; Hafler, David A; Ivinson, Adrian J.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen L.; De Jager, Philip L.; Compston, Alastair; McCauley, Jacob L.; Sawcer, Stephen & McVean, Gil (2015). Class II HLA interactions modulate genetic risk for multiple sclerosis. Nature Genetics.  ISSN 1061-4036.  47(10), s 1107- 1113 . doi: 10.1038/ng.3395
• Andersen, Thorny Cesilie Bie; Lindsjø, Kjersti; Hem, Cecilie Anne Dahl; Koll, Lise; Kristiansen, Per Eugen; Skjeldal, Lars; Andreotti, Amy H. & Spurkland, Anne (2014). Solubility of recombinant Src homology 2 domains expressed in E. coli can be predicted by TANGO. BMC Biotechnology.  ISSN 1472-6750.  14(3) . doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-3 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Damotte, V; Guillot-Noel, Lena; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Madireddy, L; Behi, M El; Ban, Maria; Baranzini, Sergio; Barcellos, Lisa; Beecham, Gary; Beecham, Ashley; Bernardinelli, L; Booth, David; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Buck, Dorothea; Bush, William; Comabella, Manuel; Compston, Alastair; Cotsapas, Chris; Cournu-rebeixisabelle, Isabelle; Cree, Bruce; d'Alfonso, Sandra; Daly, Mark; Damotte, Vincent; Davis, Mary; Bakker, Paul de; De Jager, Philip L; Dubois, Benedicte; Esposito, Federica; Fontaine, Bertrand; Goris, An; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Green, Todd; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Hadjixenofontos, Athena; Hafler, David; Haines, Jonathan; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen; Hawkins, Clive; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hillert, Jan; Hintzen, Rogier; Horáková, Dana; Ivinson, Adrian J; Kemppinen, Anu; Kira, Jun-ichi; Kockum, Ingrid; Lincoln, Robin; Martin, Roland; Boneschi, Filippo martinelli; McCauley, Jacob L.; Mero, Inger-Lise; Oksenberg, Jorge; Olsson, Tomas; Oturai, Annette; Palotie, Aarno; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Rioux, John; Saarela, Janna; Sawcer, Stephen; Schnetz-boutaud, Nathalie; Sellebjerg, Finn; Soendergaard, Helle; Sorensen, Per Soelberg; Spurkland, Anne; Stankovich, Jim; Stewart, Graeme; Taylor, Bruce; Ticca, Anna; West, Sandra; Zipp, Frauke; Blackwell, Jenefer m; Bramon, Elvira; Brown, Matthew A; Casas, Juan Pablo; Corvin, Aiden; Jankowski, Janusz; Markus, Hugh s; Mathew, Christopher G.; Palmer, Colin NA; Plomin, Robert; Rautanen, Anna; Trembath, Richard c; Viswanathan, Ananth c; Wood, Nicholas W.; Spencer, Chris ca; Band, Gavin; Bellenguez, Celine; Freeman, Colin; Hellenthal, Garrett; Giannoulatou, Eleni; Pirinen, Matti; Pearson, Richard; Strange, Amy; Su, Zhan; Vukcevic, Damjan; Donnelly, Peter; Langford, Cordelia; Hunt, Sarah E; Edkins, Sarah; Gwilliam, Rhian; Blackburn, Hannah; Bumpstead, Suzannah J.; Dronov, Serge; Gillman, Matthew; Gray, Emma; Hammond, Naomi; Jayakumar, Alagurevathi; Mccann, Owen t; Liddle, Jennifer; Potter, Simon C; Ravindrarajah, Rathi; Ricketts, Michelle; Waller, Matthew J; Weston, Paul; Widaa, Sara; Whittaker, Pamela; Barroso, Ines; Deloukas, Panos; Dilthey, Alexander; Leslie, Stephen; Moutsianas, Loukas; Perez, Marc l; Mcvean, Gil; Mccarthy, Mark i; Baranzini, SE; Cournu-Rebeix, I & Fontaine, B. (2014). A gene pathway analysis highlights the role of cellular adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  15, s 126- 132 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2013.70
• Goris, An; Van Setten, Jessica; Diekstra, Frank; Ripke, Stephan; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Sawcer, Stephen; Ban, Maria; Baranzini, Sergio; Barcellos, Lisa; Beecham, Gary; Beecham, Ashley; Bernardinelli, L; Booth, David; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Buck, Dorothea; Bush, William; Comabella, Manuel; Compston, Alastair; Cotsapas, Chris; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Cree, Bruce; d'Alfonso, Sandra; Daly, Mark; Damotte, Vincent; Davis, Mary; Bakker, Paul de; De Jager, Philip L; Dubois, Benedicte; Esposito, Federica; Fontaine, Bertrand; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Green, Todd; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Hadjixenofontos, Athena; Hafler, David; Haines, Jonathan; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen; Hawkins, Clive; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hillert, Jan; Hintzen, Rogier; Horáková, Dana; Ivinson, Adrian J; Kemppinen, Anu; Kira, Jun-ichi; Kockum, Ingrid; Lincoln, Robin; Martin, Roland; Boneschi, Filippo martinelli; McCauley, Jacob L.; Mero, Inger-Lise; Oksenberg, Jorge; Olsson, Tomas; Oturai, Annette; Palotie, Aarno; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Rioux, John; Saarela, Janna; Schnetz-boutaud, Nathalie; Sellebjerg, Finn; Soendergaard, Helle; Sorensen, Per Soelberg; Spurkland, Anne; Stankovich, Jim; Stewart, Graeme; Taylor, Bruce; Ticca, Anna; West, Sandra; Zipp, Frauke; van Es, Michael; Bahlo, M; Booth, DR; Broadley, SA; Brown, MA; Foote, SJ; Griffiths, LR; Kilpatrick, TJ; Lechner-Scott, J; Moscato, P; Perreau, VM; Rubio, JP; Scott, RJ; Stankovich, J; Taylor, BV; Wiley, J; Clarke, G; Cox, MB; Csurhes, PA; Danoy, P; Drysdale, K; Field, J; Greer, JM; Guru, P; Hadler, J; Mcmorran, BJ; Jensen, CJ; Johnson, JL; McCallum, R.; Merriman, M.; Merriman, T.; Pryce, K; Stewart, GJ; Tajouri, L; Wilkins, EJ; Browning, BL; Browning, SR; Perera, D; Broadley, S.; Butzkueven, H.; Carroll, WM; Chapman, C.; Kermode, AG; Marriott, M; Mason, D; Heard, RN; Pender, MP; Slee, M.; Tubridy, N; Willoughby, E; Andersen, Peter M.; Melki, Judith; Meininger, Vincent; Hardiman, Orla; Landers, John E; Brown, Robert H; Shatunov, Aleksey; Leigh, Nigel; Al-Chalabi, Ammar; Shaw, Christopher E; Traynor, Bryan J.; Chio, Adriano; Restagno, Gabriella; Mora, Gabriele; Ophoff, Roel A.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Van Damme, Philip; Robberecht, Wim; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Veldink, Jan H & de Bakker, Paul I.W. (2014). No evidence for shared genetic basis of common variants in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Human Molecular Genetics.  ISSN 0964-6906.  23(7), s 1916- 1922 . doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt574
• Granum, Stine; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Gopalakrishnan, Ramakrishna Prabhu; Berge, Tone; Koll, Lise; Abrahamsen, Greger; Sørlie, Morten & Spurkland, Anne (2014). The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr192. Science Signaling.  ISSN 1945-0877.  7:ra118(355) . doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2005384
• Pandya, Abhilash D.; Leergaard, Trygve Brauns; Dissen, Erik; Haraldsen, Guttorm & Spurkland, Anne (2014). Expression of the T cell-specific adapter protein in human tissues. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  80(3), s 169- 179 . doi: 10.1111/sji.12199
• Sundqvist, Emilie; Buck, Dorothea; Warnke, Clemens; Albrecht, Eva; Gieger, Christian; Khademi, Mohsen; Lima Bomfim, Izaura; Fogdell-Hahn, Anna; Link, Jenny; Alfredsson, Lars; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Hillert, Jan; Barcellos, Lisa; Booth, David; McCauley, Jacob L.; Comabella, Manuel; Compston, Alastair; d'Alfonso, Sandra; de Jager, Philip; Fontaine, Bertrand; Goris, An; Hafler, David; Haines, Jonathan; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen L; Hawkins, Clive; Ivinson, Adrian; Martin, Roland; Boneschi, Fillippo Martinelli; Oksenberg, Jorge; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Saarela, Janna; Sawcer, Stephen; Spurkland, Anne; Stewart, Graeme; Zipp, Frauke; Oturai, Annette B.; Hemmer, Bernhard; Kockum, Ingrid & Olsson, Tomas (2014). JC Polyomavirus Infection Is Strongly Controlled by Human Leucocyte Antigen Class II Variants. PLoS Pathogens.  ISSN 1553-7366.  10(4) . doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004084
• Baranzini, SE; Celius, E.G.; Elovaara, I; Harbo, HF; Hillert, J; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Sørensen, PS; Spurkland, A; Sawcer, S; Hauser, SL; Oksenberg, JR; Khankhanian, Pouya; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Li, Michael; Stankovich, Jim; Cotsapas, Chris; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Ban, Maria; Barizzone, Nadia; Bergamaschi, Laura; Booth, David; Buck, Dorothea; Cavalla, Paola; Celius, Elisabeth G.; Comabella, Manuel; Comi, Giancarlo; Compston, Alastair; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; D’alfonso, Sandra; Damotte, Vincent; Din, Lennox; Dubois, Benedicte; Elovaara, Irina; Esposito, Federica; Fontaine, Bertrand; Franke, Andre; Goris, An; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Graetz, Christiane; Guerini, Franca R.; Guillot-Noel, Lena; Hafler, David A; Hakonarson, Hakon; Hall, Per; Hamsten, Anders; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bernhard, Hemmer; Hillert, Jan; Kemppinen, Anu; Ingrid, Kockum; Koivisto, Keijo; Larsson, Malin; Lathrop, Mark; Leone, Maurizio; Lill, Christina M.; Macciardi, Fabio; Martin, Roland; Martinelli, Vittorio; Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo; McCauley, Jacob L.; Naldi, Paoloa; Olsson, Tomas; Oturai, Annette; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Perla, Franco; Reunanen, Mauri; Saarela, Janna; Saker-Delye, Safa; Salvetti, Marco; Sellebjerg, Finn; Sørensen, Per Soelberg; Spurkland, Anne; Stewart, Graeme; Taylor, Bruce; Tienari, Pentti; Winkelmann, Juliane; Wellcome Trust Case Control, Consortium 2; Zipp, Frauke; Ivinson, Adrian J; Haines, Jonathan L.; Sawcer, Stephen; DeJager, Philip; Hauser, Stephen L & Oksenberg, Jorge R. (2013). Network-based multiple sclerosis pathway analysis with GWAS data from 15,000 cases and 30,000 controls. American Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 0002-9297.  s 854- 865 . doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.019
• Beecham, Ashley H.; Patsopoulos, NA; Xifara, DK; Davis, MF; Kemppinen, A; Cotsapas, C; Shah, TS; Spencer, C; Booth, D; Goris, A; Oturai, A; Saarela, J; Fontaine, B; Hemmer, B; Martin, C; Zipp, F; D'Alfonso, S; Martinelli-Boneschi, F; Taylor, B; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Kockum, I; Hillert, J; Olsson, T; Ban, M; Oksenberg, JR; Hintzen, R; Barcellos, LF; Agliardi, C; Alfredsson, L; Alizadeh, M; Anderson, C; Andrews, R; Sondergaard, HB; Baker, A; Band, G; Baranzini, SE; Barizzone, N; Barrett, J; Bellenguez, C; Bergamaschi, L; Bernardinelli, L; Berthele, A; Biberacher, V; Binder, TMC; Blackburn, H; Bomfim, IL; Brambilla, P; Broadley, S; Brochet, B; Brundin, L; Buck, D; Butzkueven, H; Caillier, SJ; Camu, W; Carpentier, W; Cavalla, P; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Coman, I; Comi, G; Corrado, L; Cosemans, L; Cournu-Rebeix, I; Cree, BAC; Cusi, D; Damotte, V; Defer, G; Delgado, SR; Deloukas, P; di Sapio, A; Dilthey, AT; Donnelly, P; Dubois, B; Duddy, M; Edkins, S; Elovaara, I; Esposito, F; Evangelou, N; Fiddes, B; Field, J; Franke, A; Freeman, C; Frohlich, IY; Galimberti, D; Gieger, C; Gourraud, PA; Graetz, C; Graham, A; Grummel, V; Guaschino, C; Hadjixenofontos, A; Hakonarson, H; Halfpenny, C; Hall, G; Hall, P; Hamsten, A; Harley, J; Harrower, T; Hawkins, C; Hellenthal, G; Hillier, C; Hobart, J; Hoshi, M; Hunt, SE; Jagodic, M; Jelcic, I; Jochim, A; Kendall, B; Kermode, A; Kilpatrick, T; Koivisto, K; Konidari, I; Korn, T; Kronsbein, H; Langford, C; Larsson, M; Lathrop, M; Lebrun-Frenay, C; Lechner-Scott, J; Lee, MH; Leone, MA; Leppa, V; Liberatore, G; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Lill, CM; Linden, M; Link, J; Luessi, F; Lycke, J; Macciardi, F; Mannisto, S; Manrique, CP; Martin, R; Martinelli, V; Mason, D; Mazibrada, G; McCabe, C; Mero, Inger-Lise; Mescheriakova, J; Moutsianas, L; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Nagels, G; Nicholas, R; Nilsson, P; Piehl, F; Pirinen, M; Price, SE; Quach, H; Reunanen, M; Robberecht, W; Robertson, NP; Rodegher, M; Rog, D; Salvetti, M; Schnetz-Boutaud, NC; Sellebjerg, F; Selter, RC; Schaefer, C; Shaunak, S; Shen, L; Shields, S; Siffrin, V; Slee, M; Sorensen, PS; Sorosina, M; Sospedra, M; Spurkland, Anne; Strange, A; Sundqvist, E; Thijs, V; Thorpe, J; Ticca, A; Tienari, P; van Duijn, C; Visser, EM; Vucic, S; Westerlind, H; Wiley, JS; Wilkins, A; Wilson, JF; Winkelmann, J; Zajicek, J; Zindler, E; Haines, JL; Pericak-Vance, MA; Ivinson, AJ; Stewart, G; Hafler, D; Hauser, SL; Compston, A; McVean, G; De Jager, P; Sawcer, SJ & McCauley, JL (2013). Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis. Nature Genetics.  ISSN 1061-4036.  45(11), s 1353- 1360 . doi: 10.1038/ng.2770
• Jacobsen, Johanne Tracey; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Skjeldal, Frode Miltzow; Andersen, Jan Terje; Abrahamsen, Greger; Bakke, Oddmund; Spurkland, Anne & Bogen, Bjarne (2013). B-cell tolerance to the B-cell receptor variable regions. European Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0014-2980.  43(10), s 2577- 2587 . doi: 10.1002/eji.201243203
• Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Mero, Inger-Lise; Dahle, Maria Krudtaa; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne & Berge, Tone (2013). Multiple sclerosis-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CLEC16A correlate with reduced SOCS1 and DEXI expression in the thymus. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  14(1), s 62- 66 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2012.52
• Rosella, Mechelli; Renato, Umeton; Policano, Claudia; Annibali, Viviana; Giulia, Coarelli; Ricigliano, Vito A. G.; Vittori, Danila; Fornasiero, Arianna; Buscarinu, Maria Chiara; Sawcer, Stephen; Hellenthal, Garrett; Pirinen, Matti; Spencer, Chris C A; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos; Mousianas, Loukas; Dithey, Alexander; Su, Zhan; Freeman, Colin; Hunt, Sarah E; Edkins, Sarah; Gray, Emma; Booth, David R; Potter, Simon C; Goris, An; Band, Gavin; Oturai, Annette Bang; Strange, Amy; Saarela, Janna; Bellenguez, Celine; Fontaine, Bertrand; Gillman, Matthew; Hemmer, Bernhard; Gwilliam, Rhian; Zipp, Frauke; Jayakumar, Akagurevathi; Martin, Roland; Leslie, Stephen; Hawkins, Stanley; Giannolatou, Eleni; D`alfonso, Sandra; Blackburn, Hannah; Boneschi, Fillippo Martinelli; Liddle, Jennifer; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Perez, Marc L; Spurkland, Anne; Waller, Matthew J; Mycko, Marcin P; Ricketts, Michelle; Comabella, Manuel; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Mero, Inger-Lise; Myhr, Kjell-Morten & SMESTAD, CATHRINE (2013). A ‘‘candidate-interactome’’ aggregate analysis of genome-wide association data in multiple sclerosis. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  8(5) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063300
• Berge, Tone; Grønningsæter, Ingrid Helene; Lorvik, Kristina Berg; Abrahamsen, Greger; Granum, Stine; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Corthay, Alexandre; Bogen, Bjarne & Spurkland, Anne (2012). SH2D2A Modulates T Cell Mediated Protection to a B Cell Derived Tumor in Transgenic Mice. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  7(10) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048239
• Sun, Zuyue; Li, Xiujuan; Massena, Sara; Kutschera, Simone; Padhan, Narendra; Gualandi, Laura; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Gustafsson, Karin; Choy, Wing Wen; Zang, Guangxiang; Quach, My; Jansson, Leif; Phillipson, Mia; Abid, Md Ruhul; Spurkland, Anne & Claesson-Welsh, Lena (2012). VEGFR2 induces c-Src signaling and vascular permeability in vivo via the adaptor protein TSAd. Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM).  ISSN 0022-1007.  209(7), s 1363- 1377 . doi: 10.1084/jem.20111343
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen & Spurkland, Anne (2011). Nytt genkart for multippel sklerose. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  131(21), s 2126- 2130 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.10.0823
• Mero, Inger-Lise; Ban, Maria; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Sæther, Hanne Skarpodde; Saeedi, Haleh; Viken, Marte K; Skinningsrud, Beate; Undlien, Dag Erik; Aarseth, Jan Harald; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Granum, Stine; Spurkland, Anne; Sawcer, Stephen; Compston, Alastair; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2011). Exploring the CLEC16A gene reveals a MS-associated variant with correlation to the relative expression of CLEC16A isoforms in thymus. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  12(3), s 191- 198 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2010.59
• Sawcer, S; Hellenthal, G; Pirinen, M; Spencer, CCA; Patsopoulos, NA; Moutsianas, L; Dilthey, A; Su, Z; Freeman, C; Hunt, SE; Edkins, S; Gray, E; Booth, DR; Potter, SC; Goris, A; Band, G; Oturai, AB; Strange, A; Saarela, J; Bellenguez, C; Fontaine, B; Gillman, M; Hemmer, B; Gwilliam, R; Zipp, F; Jayakumar, A; Martin, R; Leslie, S; Hawkins, S; Giannoulatou, E; D'alfonso, S; Blackburn, H; Boneschi, FM; Liddle, J; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Perez, ML; Spurkland, Anne; Waller, MJ; Mycko, MP; Ricketts, M; Comabella, M; Hammond, N; Kockum, I; McCann, OT; Ban, M; Whittaker, P; Kemppinen, A; Weston, P; Hawkins, C; Widaa, S; Zajicek, J; Dronov, S; Robertson, N; Bumpstead, SJ; Barcellos, LF; Ravindrarajah, R; Abraham, R; Alfredsson, L; Ardlie, K; Aubin, C; Baker, A; Baker, K; Baranzini, SE; Bergamaschi, L; Bergamaschi, R; Bernstein, A; Berthele, A; Boggild, M; Bradfield, JP; Brassat, D; Broadley, SA; Buck, D; Butzkueven, H; Capra, R; Carroll, WM; Cavalla, P; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Cepok, S; Chiavacci, R; Clerget-Darpoux, F; Clysters, K; Comi, G; Cossburn, M; Cournu-Rebeix, I; Cox, MB; Cozen, W; Cree, BAC; Cross, AH; Cusi, D; Daly, MJ; Davis, E; de Bakker, PIW; Debouverie, M; D'hooghe, MB; Dixon, K; Dobosi, R; Dubois, B; Ellinghaus, D; Elovaara, I; Esposito, F; Fontenille, C; Foote, S; Franke, A; Galimberti, D; Ghezzi, A; Glessner, J; Gomez, R; Gout, O; Graham, C; Grant, SFA; Guerini, FR; Hakonarson, H; Hall, P; Hamsten, A; Hartung, HP; Heard, RN; Heath, S; Hobart, J; Hoshi, M; Infante-Duarte, C; Ingram, G; Ingram, W; Islam, T; Jagodic, M; Kabesch, M; Kermode, AG; Kilpatrick, TJ; Kim, C; Klopp, N; Koivisto, K; Larsson, M; Lathrop, M; Lechner-Scott, JS; Leone, MA; Leppa, V; Liljedahl, U; Bomfim, IL; Lincoln, RR; Link, J; Liu, JJ; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Lupoli, S; Macciardi, F; Mack, T; Marriott, M; Martinelli, V; Mason, D; McCauley, JL; Mentch, F; Mero, Inger-Lise; Mihalova, T; Montalban, X; Mottershead, J; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Naldi, P; Ollier, W; Page, A; Palotie, A; Pelletier, J; Piccio, L; Pickersgill, T; Piehl, F; Pobywajlo, S; Quach, HL; Ramsay, PP; Reunanen, M; Reynolds, R; Rioux, J; Rodegher, M; Roesner, S; Rubio, JP; Ruckert, IM; Salvetti, M; Salvi, E; Santaniello, A; Schaefer, CA; Schreiber, S; Schulze, C; Scott, RJ; Sellebjerg, F; Selmaj, KW; Sexton, D; Shen, L; Simms-Acuna, B; Skidmore, S; Sleiman, PMA; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Sorensen, PS; Sondergaard, HB; Stankovich, J; Strange, RC; Sulonen, AM; Sundqvist, E; Syvanen, AC; Taddeo, F; Taylor, B; Blackwell, JM; Tienari, P; Bramon, E; Tourbah, A; Brown, MA; Tronczynska, E; Casas, JP; Tubridy, N; Corvin, A; Vickery, J; Jankowski, J; Villoslada, P; Markus, HS; Wang, K; Mathew, CG; Wason, J; Palmer, CNA; Wichmann, HE; Plomin, R; Willoughby, E; Rautanen, A; Winkelmann, J; Wittig, M; Trembath, RC; Yaouanq, J; Viswanathan, AC; Zhang, HT; Wood, NW; Zuvich, R; Deloukas, P; Langford, C; Duncanson, A; Oksenberg, JR; Pericak-Vance, MA; Haines, JL; Olsson, T; Hillert, J; Ivinson, AJ; De Jager, PL; Peltonen, L; Stewart, GJ; Hafler, DA; Hauser, SL; McVean, G; Donnelly, Peter & Compston, Alastair (2011). Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature.  ISSN 0028-0836.  476(7359), s 214- 219 . doi: 10.1038/nature10251
• Berge, Tone; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Granum, Stine; Andersen, Thorny Cesilie Bie; Holthe, Gunn Bodil; Claesson-Welsh, L; Andreotti, Amy H.; Inngjerdingen, Marit & Spurkland, Anne (2010). T Cell Specific Adapter Protein (TSAd) Interacts with Tec Kinase ITK to Promote CXCL12 Induced Migration of Human and Murine T Cells. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  5(3) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009761
• Esposito, Floriana; Patsopoulos, NA; Cepok, Sabine; Kockum, I; Leppa, V; Booth, DR; Heard, RN; Stewart, GJ; Cox, M; Scott, RJ; Lechner-Scott, J; Goris, A; Dobosi, R; Dubois, B; Rioux, JD; Oturai, AB; Søndergaard, HB; Sellebjerg, F; Sørensen, PS; Reunanen, M; Koivisto, K; Cournu-Rebeix, I; Fontaine, B; Winkelmann, J; Gieger, C; Infante-Duarte, C; Zipp, F; Bergamaschi, L; Leone, M; Bergamaschi, R; Cavalla, P; Lorentzen, ÅR; Mero, Inger-Lise; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne; Comabella, M; Brynedal, B; Alfredsson, L; Bernardinelli, L; Robertson, NB; Hawkins, CP; Barcellos, LF; Beecham, G; Bush, W; Cree, BAC; Daly, MJ; Ivinson, AJ; Aublin, C; Compston, A; D´Alfonso, S; Haines, JL; Hauser, SL; Hemmer, B; Hillert, J; McMcauley, JL; Oksenberg, Jorge; Olsson, T; Palotie, A; Peltonen, L; Pericak-Vance, MA; Saarela, J; Sawcer, SJ; Stranger, B; Boneschi, FM; Comi, G; Hafler, DA; de Bakker, PIW & De Jaeger, PL (2010). IL12A, MPHOSPH9/CDK2AP1 and RGS1 are novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  11(5), s 397- 405 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2010.28
• Kolltveit, Kristin Melkevik; Schreurs, Olav Joseph F; Østrem, Janet M; Søland, Tine Merete; Khuu, Cuong; Berge, Tone; Messelt, Edvard Berger; Hayashi, Katsuhiko; Granum, Stine; Spurkland, Anne & Schenck, Karl (2010). Expression of the T-cell-specific adapter protein in oral epithelium. European Journal of Oral Sciences.  ISSN 0909-8836.  118(2), s 159- 167 Vis sammendrag

  The multifunctional T-cell-specific adapter protein (TSAd) was originally described in T cells but is also expressed in epithelial cells from the respiratory tract and in endothelium. In this study, we found expression of TSAd messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in both human and murine oral mucosal epithelium as well as in human primary oral keratinocyte cell cultures. In TSAd(-/-) mice, the mucosa and skin appeared macroscopically normal, but severe disturbances were observed in the fine structures of the basal membrane and intercellular epithelial spaces upon analysis using transmission electron microscopy. Oral epithelial cells from TSAd(-/-) mice displayed decreased migration compared with cells from wild-type mice, whereas overexpression of TSAd in a human epithelial cell line resulted in impaired proliferation. This study is the first to show that TSAd is expressed in normal oral mucosa, that it is important for the normal ultrastructural morphology of the epithelium and the basal membrane, and that it is involved in the migration and proliferation of oral keratinocytes.

• Mero, Inger-Lise; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Ban, Maria; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Aarseth, Jan; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Link, Jenny; Olsson, Tomas; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Masterman, T; Oturai, AB; Sondergaard, HB; Sellebjerg, F; Saarela, J; Kemppinen, A; Elovaara, I; Spurkland, Anne; Dudbridge, F; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2010). A rare variant of the TYK2 gene is confirmed to be associated with multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813.  18(4), s 502- 504 . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.195
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Karlsen, TH; Olsson, M; Smestad, C; Mero, IL; Woldseth, B; Sun, JY; Senitzer, D; Celius, EG; Thorsby, E; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, BA & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Ligand HLA-Bw4 Protects Against Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Neurology.  ISSN 0364-5134.  65(6), s 658- 666 . doi: 10.1002/ana.21695
• Mero, Inger Lise; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Ban, Maria; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Celius, Elisabeth G; Aarseth, Jan; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Link, Jenny; Hillert, Jan; Olsson, Tomas; Kochum, Ingrid; Masterman, T; Oturai, A; Søndergaard, HB; Sellebjerg, Finn; Saaerla, Janna; Kemppinen, Anu; Spurkland, Anne; Dubridge, F; Lie, BA & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). A rare variant of the TYK2 gene is confirmed to be associated with multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813. . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.195
• Ban, M; Goris, A; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Baker, A; Mihalova, T; Ingram, G; Booth, DR; Heard, RN; Stewart, GJ; Bogaert, E; Dubois, B; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Strange, R; Hawkins, C; Robertson, NP; Dudbridge, F; Wason, J; De Jager, PL; Hafler, D; Rioux, JD; Ivinson, AJ; McCauley, JL; Pericak-Vance, M; Oksenberg, JR; Hauser, SL; Sexton, D; Haines, J; Sawcer, S & Compston, A (2009). Replication analysis identifies TYK2 as a multiple sclerosis susceptibility factor. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813.  17(10), s 1309- 1313 . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.41
• Ban, Maria; Booth, David R; Heard, Robert N; Stewart, Graeme J; Goris, An; Dobosi, Rita; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne; Dubois, Benedicte; Olsson, Tomas; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Link, Jenny; Baker, Amie; Sawcer, Stephen; Compston, Alastair; Mihalova, Tania; Strange, Richard; Hawkins, Clive; Ingram, Gillian; Robertson, Neil P; De Jager, Philip L; Hafler, David A; Barcellos, Lisa F; Ivinson, Adrian; Periack-Vance, Margaret; Oksenberg, Jorge R; Hauser, Stephen L; McCauley, Jacob L; Sexton, David & Haines, Jonathan (2009). The expanding genetic overlap between multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  10(1), s 11- 14 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2008.83 Vis sammendrag

  Familial clustering of autoimmune disease is well recognized and raises the possibility that some susceptibility genes may predispose to autoimmunity in general. In light of this observation, it might be expected that some of the variants of established relevance in one autoimmune disease may also be relevant in other related conditions. On the basis of this hypothesis, we tested seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are known to be associated with type I diabetes in a large multiple sclerosis data set consisting of 2369 trio families, 5737 cases and 10,296 unrelated controls. Two of these seven SNPs showed evidence of association with multiple sclerosis; that is rs12708716 from the CLEC16A gene (P=1.6 x 10(-16)) and rs763361 from the CD226 gene (P=5.4 x 10(-8)). These findings thereby identify two additional multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes and lend support to the notion of autoimmune susceptibility genes.

• Holmøy, Trygve; Harbo, hanne F.; Vartdal, Frode & Spurkland, Anne (2009). Genetic and Molecular Approaches to the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: An Update. Current molecular medicine.  ISSN 1566-5240.  9(5), s 591- 611
• Jagodic, Maja; Colacios, Celine; Nohra, Rita; Dejean, Anne S.; Beyeen, Amennai Daniel; Khademi, Mohsen; Casemayou, Audrey; Lamouroux, Lucille; Duthoit, Christine; Papapietro, Olivier; Sjöholm, Louise; Bernard, Isabelle; Lagrange, Dominique; Dahlman, Ingrid; Lundmark, Frida; Oturai, Annette Bang; Soendergaard, Helle B; Kemppinen, Anu; Saarela, Janna; Tienari, Pentti J.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne; Ramagopalan, Sreeram V.; Sadovnick, Dessa A.; Ebers, George C.; Seddighzadeh, Maria; Klareskog, Lars; Alfredsson, Lars; Padyukov, Leonid; Hillert, Jan; Clanet, Michel; Edan, Gilles; Fontaine, Bertrand; Fournie, Gilbert J.; Kockum, Ingrid; Saoudi, Abdelhadi & Olsson, Tomas (2009). A Role for VAV1 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Science Translational Medicine.  ISSN 1946-6234.  1(10) . doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000278
• Lorentzen, Åslaug R; Smestad, Cathrine; Lie, Benedicte A; Lie, BA; Oturai, AB; Oturai, Annette; Åkesson, Eva; Akesson, E; Saarela, Janna; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Vartdal, Frode; Celius, Elisabeth G; Sorensen, PS; Sørensen, Per S; Hillert, Jan; Spurkland, Anne; Harbo, Hanne F & Harbo, HF (2008). The SH2D2A gene and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  197, s 152- 158 . doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.04.037
• Granum, Stine; Andersen, Thorny C. B.; Sørlie, Morten; Jørgensen, Marit; Koll, Lise; Berge, Tone; Lea, Tor; Fleckenstein, Burkhard; Spurkland, Anne & Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke (2008). Modulation of Lck function through multisite docking to T cell-specific adapter protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry.  ISSN 0021-9258.  283(32), s 21909- 21919 Vis sammendrag

  T cell-specific adapter protein (TSAd), encoded by the SH2D2A gene, interacts with Lck through its C terminus and thus modulates Lck activity. Here we mapped Lck phosphorylation and interaction sites on TSAd and evaluated their functional importance. The three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines Tyr(280), Tyr(290), and Tyr(305) were phosphorylated by Lck and functioned as docking sites for the Lck Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. Binding affinities of the TSAd Tyr(P)(280) and Tyr(P)(290) phosphopeptides to the isolated Lck SH2 domain were similar to that observed for the Lck Tyr(P)(505) phosphopeptide, whereas the TSAd Tyr(P)(305) peptide displayed a 10-fold higher affinity. The proline-rich Lck SH3-binding site on TSAd as well as the Lck SH2 domain were required for efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of TSAd by Lck. Interaction sites on TSAd for both Lck SH2 and Lck SH3 were necessary for TSAd-mediated modulation of proximal TCR signaling events. We found that 20-30% of TSAd molecules are phosphorylated in activated T cells and that the proportion of TSAd to Lck molecules in such cells is similar to 1:1. Therefore, in activated T cells, a considerable number of Lck molecules may potentially be engaged by TSAd. In conclusion, Lck binds to TSAd prolines and phosphorylates and interacts with the three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines. We propose that through multivalent interactions with Lck, TSAd diverts Lck from phosphorylating other substrates, thus modulating its functional activity through substrate competition.

• Granum, Stine; Andersen, Thorny Cesilie Bie; Sørlie, Morten; Jorgensen, M; Koll, Lise; Berge, Tone; Lea, Tor Erling; Fleckenstein, B; Spurkland, Anne & Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold (2008). Modulation of Lck function through multisite docking to T cell-specific adapter protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry.  ISSN 0021-9258.  283, s 21909- 21919 . doi: 10.1074/jbc.M800871200
• Kolltveit, Kristin Melkevik; Granum, Stine; Aasheim, HC; Forsbring, Monika; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Dai, KZ; Molberg, Øyvind; Schjetne, KW; Bogen, B; Shapiro, VS; Johansen, Finn Eirik; Schenck, Karl & Spurkland, Anne (2008). Expression of SH2D2A in T-cells is regulated both at the transcriptional and translational level. Molecular Immunology.  ISSN 0161-5890.  45 . doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.11.005

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• Schiøtz, Aina; Nylander, Gro; Lie, Anne Kveim; Fors, Egil Andreas; Skårderud, Finn; Godøy, Bjørn; Dahl, Ellen Støkken; Nøkleby, Hanne Magdalene; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Adampour, Mina; Dietrichs, Espen; Stien, Ragnar; Zahid, Wasim; Spurkland, Anne; Aavitsland, Preben; Stueland, Espen D & Wullf, Hanne Brække (2019). Blod og Bein.Lidelse, lindring og behandling i norsk medisinhistorie. Nasjonalbiblioteket.  ISBN 978-82-7965-386-8.  223 s.
• Spurkland, Anne (2017). Immun. Kroppens evige kamp for å overleve. Spartacus.  ISBN 9788243008304.  416 s.
• Spurkland, Anne (2011). Frie kaker. Kunsten å bake supergode kaker uten melk/mel/egg/sukker. Spartacus.  ISBN 978-82-430-0623-2.  318 s. Vis sammendrag

  Grunnleggende lærebok om kakebaking for allergikere og andre, med fokus på ingrediensenes kjemiske funksjon i bakverket.

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• Borowicz, Pawel & Spurkland, Anne (2020). Regulation of T cell activation by two conserved phosphotyrosines in Lck and its adapter protein TSAd. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  T cells are major players in the immune system. These cells can recognize dangerous antigens through their specific receptors. Harnessing the power of T cells would be beneficial for not only fighting numerous infectious diseases, but also for treating cancer or preventing autoimmune diseases. However, the intracellular signalling involved in the T-cell receptor (TCR) pathway is remarkably complex. It is necessary to understand it more fully in order to control the T cells behaviour. We focused on two proteins involved in TCR signalling. First, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) starts a phosphorylation cascade downstream of TCR stimulation. Lck itself is tightly controlled by the phosphorylation of two tyrosines: Tyr394 and Tyr505. Recently a third tyrosine, Tyr192, emerged as an important regulatory site. Second, T cell specific adaptor protein (TSAd) is best known for its interaction with Lck. Its main function is to facilitate binding between other proteins. TSAd itself contains a number of phosphotyrosines. One of the most interesting is Tyr290, as it is highly conserved, but it is not predicted to be a prototypic binding site. The aim of this thesis was to understand the function of two phosphotyrosines, Tyr192 in Lck and Tyr290 in TSAd, in order to better comprehend the intracellular signalling of the TCR. The study was based on the knock-in cell lines generated with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The mutated cell lines were studied using a wide spectrum of molecular biology techniques, including mass spectrometry, western blotting, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that Lck Tyr192 could control and stabilize Lck activity, both positively and negatively. TSAd Tyr290 could also control the protein’s activity. Our results suggest that this tyrosine most likely facilitates the proteins conformation. We have shown that both phosphotyrosines could influence the whole TCR signalling pathway.

• Einevoll, Gaute & Spurkland, Anne (2020, 26. juni). Om coronaviruset. En oppdatering – med Anne Spurkland #21. [Internett].  Vett og Viten.
• Einevoll, Gaute & Spurkland, Anne (2020, 26. mars). Om koronaviruset – Med Anne Spurkland #14. [Internett].  Vett og Viten.
• Solvang, Fredrik & Spurkland, Anne (2020, 07. april). Debatten 07.04.2020: Delvis gjenåpning av samfunnet. [TV].  NRK.
• Solvang, Fredrik & Spurkland, Anne (2020, 10. september). Debatten 10.09.2020: Hvem får vaksinen først?. [TV].  Nrk.
• Spurkland, Anne (2020). Covid-19 pandemien, status og perspektiver fremover.
• Spurkland, Anne (2020). Covid-19-sykdommen i pandemien.
• Spurkland, Anne (2020). Immunforsvar i koronaens tid.
• Time, Jon Kåre & Spurkland, Anne (2020, 25. september). Cellekameraten. Portrett av T-cellen.  Morgenbladet.
• Todal, Per Anders & Spurkland, Anne (2020, 17. april). Har tru på langvarig vern etter koronainfeksjon.  Dag og Tid.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Gopalakrishnan, Ramakrishna Prabhu; Chan, Hanna; Kjelstrup, Hanna; Foss, Stian; De Souza, Gustavo Antonio; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke & Spurkland, Anne (2019). A conserved pTyr motif in the unstructured C-terminus regulates the function of the T cell specific adaptor TSAd.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Chan, Hanna; Abrahamsen, Greger; Kjelstrup, Hanna; Medina, Daniel; Nyman, Tuula Anneli & Spurkland, Anne (2019). Tyr192 in the Lck SH2 domain affects the regulation of Lck activity.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Abrahamsen, Greger; Kjelstrup, Hanna; Nyman, Tuula Anneli & Spurkland, Anne (2018). Lck’s interactome is influenced by phosphorylation of Tyr192 in the Lck SH2 domain.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Abrahamsen, Greger; Kjelstrup, Hanna; Nyman, Tuula Anneli & Spurkland, Anne (2018). Lck’s interactome is influenced by phosphorylation of Tyr192 in the Lck SH2 domain.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Abrahamsen, Greger; Kjelstrup, Hanna; Nyman, Tuula Anneli & Spurkland, Anne (2018). Lck’s interactome is influenced by phosphorylation of Tyr192 in the Lck SH2 domain.
• Spurkland, Anne (2018). Den døde kroppen. Syn og Segn.  ISSN 0039-7717.  (3) Vis sammendrag

  Når vi døyr, byrjar også forrotninga av kroppen. Bakteriane som et oss, er i sin tur mat for meir avanserte skapningar. Slik blir den døde kroppen ein del av ein naturleg syklus.

• Sundbye, Bodil; Hauge, Siri Helene; Spurkland, Anne; Blomberg, Bjørn & Ørmen, Torfinn (2018, 05. august). Epidemiene som truer verden.  Verdens Gang.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Gopalakrishnan, Ramakrishna Prabhu; De Souza, Gustavo Antonio; Abrahamsen, Greger; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke & Spurkland, Anne (2017). The interactome of TSAd phosphopeptides in T cells.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Abrahamsen, Greger; Kjelstrup, Hanna & Spurkland, Anne (2017). The regulatory role of Lck Tyr192 in T cell receptor signalling.
• Borowicz, Pawel & Spurkland, Anne (2016). Intracellular signaling in CRISPR mutated Jurkat T cells.
• Borowicz, Pawel; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Abrahamsen, Greger & Spurkland, Anne (2016). Generation of CRISPR/Cas9 mutants in order to study TCR signalling pathway.
• Spurkland, Anne (2016). Gjenkjent. Vis sammendrag

  Blogginnlegg om immunforsvaret med utgangpsunkt i ungdomsserien Skam på NRK P3

• Spurkland, Anne (2016). Immunforsvaret. Kroppens evige kamp for å overleve.
• Spurkland, Anne (2016). Multiple sclerosis genetics.
• Spurkland, Anne (2016). Regulation of Lck specificity in TCR signal initiation.
• Spurkland, Anne (2016). Skam. Vis sammendrag

  Blogginnlegg om immunforsvaret, med utgangspunkt i ungdomsserien Skam på NRK P3

• Spurkland, Anne (2016). Skamløs?. Vis sammendrag

  Blogginnlegg om immunforsvaret, med utgangspunkt i ungdomsserien Skam på NRK P3

• Spurkland, Anne (2016, 25. mars). Slik virker immunforsvarets hukommelse. [Internett].  Forskning.no.
• Spurkland, Anne (2013). Immunforsvaret. Kroppens evige kamp for å overleve.
• Spurkland, Anne (2013). Immunforsvaret. Kroppens evige kamp for å overleve.
• Tilset, Mats; Boye, Erik & Spurkland, Anne (2013). Glemte sykdommer rammer 1 milliard. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Berge, Tone; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2012). Multiple sclerosis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in CLEC16A correlate with reduced SOCS1 and DEXI expression in thymic tissue.
• Leikfoss, Ingvild S; Mero, Inger-Lise; Dahle, Maria Krudtaa; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne & Berge, Tone (2012). Multiple Sclerosis Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in CLEC16A Correlate with Reduced SOCS1 and DEXI Expression in Thymic Samples. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  76(2), s 196- 196
• Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Spurkland, Anne (2012). Multiple sclerosis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in CLEC16A correlate with reduced SOCS1 and DEXI expression in thymic tissue.
• Spurkland, Anne (2012). Maten, tarmen og immunforsvaret.
• Spurkland, Anne (2012). Om cøliaki og om frie kaker.
• Spurkland, Anne (2012). Om matallergi og frie kaker.
• Flåm, Karoline H. & Spurkland, Anne (2011, 08. oktober). Menn blir sykere enn kvinner.  VG. Vis sammendrag

  Kvinner har trolig sterkere immunforsvar enn menn – og det hele koker ned til X-faktoren. Bokstavelig talt.

• Huszenicza, Zsuzsa; Hem, Cecilie Anne Dahl; Koll, Lise; Ekornhol, Marianne; Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Granum, Stine & Spurkland, Anne (2011). Identification of Novel TSAd Interaction Partners. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  73(4), s 353- 354
• Kjensli, Bjørnar & Spurkland, Anne (2011, 01. oktober). Kakebakingens kjemi. [Internett].  http://www.forskning.no/.
• Spurkland, Anne (2011, 15. oktober). Ekko kroppen spesial. [Radio].  NRK P2. Vis sammendrag

  Direkte sendt Ekkko fra Fredrikkeplassen i forbindelse med Idefestivalen. Tema: Menneskekroppen, karbohydrater, lavkarbodiett, kaker for allergikere.

• Sundvold-Gjerstad, Vibeke; Kristiansen, Tone Fredsvik; Granum, Stine; Berge, Tone; Koster, Gerbrand; Skjeldal, Frode Miltzow; Koll, Lise; Bakke, Oddmund & Spurkland, Anne (2011). T cell Specific Adapter Protein (TSAd) Relocates the Tec Family Protein Tyrosine Kinase Itk from the Plasma Membrane to the Perinuclear Area. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  73(4), s 359- 359
• Sørum, Ingvild; Mero, Inger-Lise; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Muggerud, Aslaug; Sæther, Hanne Skarpodde; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Spurkland, Anne; Berge, Tone & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2011). Molecular Characterization of the Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility Gene CLEC16A. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  73(4), s 377- 377
• Booth, DR; Heard, RN; Stewart, GJ; Cox, M; Scott, RJ; Lechner-Scott, J; Goris, A; Dobosi, R; Dubois, B; Saarela, J; Leppa, V; Peltonen, L; Pirttila, T; Cournu-Rebeix, I; Fontaine, B; Bergamaschi, L; D'Alfonso, S; Leone, M; Lorentzen, A.R.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Link, J; Kockum, I; Olsson, T; Hillert, J; Ban, M; Baker, A; Kemppinen, A; Sawcer, S; Compston, A; Robertson, NP; De Jager, PL; Hafler, DA; Barcellos, LF; Ivinson, AJ; McCauley, JL; Pericak-Vance, MA; Oksenberg, JR; Hauser, SL; Sexton, D & Haines, J (2010). Lack of support for association between the KIF1B rs10492972[C] variant and multiple sclerosis. Nature Genetics.  ISSN 1061-4036.  42(6), s 469- 470
• Lorentzen, AR; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Olsson, M; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Mero, Inger-Lise; Woldseth, B; Sun, JY; Senitzer, David; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Thorsby, Erik; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand HLA-Bw4 protects against multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  16, s 19- 19
• Mero, Inger-Lise; Lorentzen, AR; Ban, Maria; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Aarseth, JH; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Link, Jenny; Hillert, Jan; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Masterman, T.; Oturai, Anette; Søndergaard, Henrik; Sellebjerg, Finn; Saarela, J; Kemppinen, A; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). The TYK2 gene is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  15(9), s S186- S186
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Olsson, Marita; Smestad, Cathrine; Mero, Inger-Lise; Woldseth, Bente; Sun, Ji-Yao; Senitzer, David; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Thorsby, Erik; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2008). Protection against multiple sclerosis conferred by carriage of the inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) ligand HLA-Bw4. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA class I ligands that reduce natural killer (NK) cells inhibition may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is affecting the central nervous system and is presumed to be an autoimmune disease. There are significant genetic associations to genes in the HLA class II region (DRB1*1501-haplotype),but associations to genes in the HLA class I region have also been reported (for instance A2, A3 and Cw*05). We investigated whether there might be associations to given KIRs and/or their HLA class I ligands . Materials and methods: 631 Norwegian MS patients and 555 Norwegian controls were typed for the presence or absence of genes encoding inhibiting KIRs (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3) and activating KIRs (KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5 and KIR2DL4) using sequence specific primers. HLA-A, -B, -C and –DRB1 typing was performed by direct sequencing or sequence specific primers. Results: We found no significant differences in gene carrier frequencies of inhibitory and activating KIRs in MS patients as compared to controls when p-values were adjusted for number of KIR genes investigated. However, the frequency of the HLA-Bw4 specificity was significantly reduced in MS patients as compared to controls (41.5% vs. 55.1%, p=4.9*10-6), even in individuals who did not carry any of the known HLA class II risk alleles (DRB1*1501,DRB1*03 and DRB1*01, p=0.002). No HLA class II independent associations were observed to genes at the HLA-C or HLA -A loci. Conclusion: The presence of the HLA-Bw4 specificity seems to protect against MS in an HLA class II independent manner. Ongoing analyses aim to characterize possible interaction effects between HLA-Bw4 and KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1, as well as between HLA-C1 and C2 groups and their corresponding receptors.

• Kantarci, OH & Spurkland, Anne (2008). Parent of origin in multiple sclerosis: Understanding inheritance in complex neurologic diseases. Neurology.  ISSN 0028-3878.  71, s 786- 787
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Ban, Maria; Booth, David; Heard, Robert; Stewart, Graeme; Goris, An; Dobosi, Rita; Dubois, Benedicte; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Link, Jenny; Hillert, Jan; Mihalova, Tania; Strange, Richard; Hawkins, Clive; Ingram, Gillian; Robertson, Neil; De Jager, Philip L; Hafler, David A; Barcellos, Lisa; Ivinson, Adrian; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Oksenberg, Jorge; Hauser, Stephen L; McCauley, Jacob; Sexton, David; Haines, Jonathan; Baker, Amie; Sawcer, Stephen & Compston, Alastair (2008). The expanding genetic overlap between multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. Vis sammendrag

  A familial clustering of autoimmune disease is well recognised and suggests that some susceptibility genes may predispose to autoimmunity in general whereas other genes lead to specific disease. On the basis of this hypothesis it may be expected that variants of established relevance in one autoimmune disease might also be relevant in other related conditions. To investigate this we tested seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are known to be associated with type I diabetes in a large multiple sclerosis dataset consisting of 2,369 trio families, 5,737 cases and 10,296 unrelated controls. Samples were recruited from across six countries: Australia, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) within the IMSGC. Two of these seven SNPs emerged as also being associated with multiple sclerosis; rs12708716 from the C-type lectin domain family 16, member A (CLEC16A) gene (p=1.6x10-15) and rs763361 from the CD226 gene (p=5.4x10-8). In each case the allele associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis was identical to that showing evidence for association with T1D. These findings thereby confirm two additional multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes and lend support to the notion of commonality amongst autoimmune susceptibility genes.

• Sawcer, Stephen; Booth, David; Heard, Robert; Stewart, Graeme; An, Goris; Dobosi, Rita; Dubois, Benedicte; Oturai, Annette; Soendergaard, Helle B; Sellebjerg, Finn; Saarela, Janna; Leppa, Virpi; Palotie, Aarno; Peltonen, Leena; Fontaine, Bertrand; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Clerget-Darpoux, Francoise; Weber, Frank; Holsboer, Florian; Muller-Myhsok, Bertram; Rieckmann, Peter; Kroner, Antje; Graham, Colin; Vandenbroeck, Koen; Hawkins, Stanley; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Bergamaschi, Laura; Naldi, Paola; Guerini, Franca R; Salvetti, Marco; Galimberti, Daniela; Hintzen, Rogier; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Cucca, Francesco; Marrosu, Maria Giovanna; Comabella, Manuel; Montalban, Xavier; Villoslada, Pablo; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Hillert, Jan; Ban, Maria; Walton, Amie; Compston, Alastair; Hawkins, Clive; Mihalova, Tania; Robertson, Neil; Ingram, Gillian; De Jager, Philip L; Hafler, David A; Rioux, John; Daly, Mark; Barcellos, Lisa; Ivinson, Adrian; Periack-Vance, Margaret; Oksenberg, Jorge; Hauser, Stephen L; McCauley, Jacob; Sexton, David & Haines, Jonathan (2008). Refining genetic associations in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurology.  ISSN 1474-4422.  7(7), s 567- 569 . doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70122-4

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