Britt Nakstad

• Andersen, Randi D.; Nakstad, Britt; Jylli, Leena; Campbell-Yeo, Marsha & Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta (2019). The complexities of nurses' pain assessment in hospitalized preverbal children. Pain Management Nursing.  ISSN 1524-9042.  20, s 337- 344 . doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.11.060 Show summary

  Background: Preverbal children are at increased risk for underassessment of pain. Pain is a social transaction involving the child in pain and the nurse assessor. However, our understanding of the nurse’s part in this transaction is limited. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ assessment of pain in hospitalized preverbal children based on self-selected clinical examples. Methods: In this qualitative, descriptive design, 22 nurses from five different hospital units in Norway and Canada participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. All units had an observational pain scale for preverbal children available for use. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Nurses’ assessment of pain in hospitalized preverbal children emerged as a non-linear complex process incorporating different actions and reflections in response to the child’s situation and expression of distress. Information from parents was routinely included in the assessment, although further parental involvement varied considerably. While each assessment was personalized to the individual child, the nurse used previous experiences to interpret observations of and information from the child and the parents. Few nurses described using structured pain scales, but when used, these scales were included as only one aspect of their overall assessment. Conclusions: Nurses preferred pain assessment based on clinical judgment and tailored to the individual child. Implications: Implementation strategies that aim to integrate structured pain scales with clinical judgment to assess pain may be more likely to succeed. Further examination of this approach is warranted.

• Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Korpela, Katri; Lee, Sindre; Nakstad, Britt; Moltu, Sissel; Strømmen, Kenneth; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Iversen, Per Ole; de Vos, Willem M. & Drevon, Christian A (2019). Enhanced nutrient supply and intestinal microbiota development in very low birth weight infants. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998. . doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0412-x
• Olbjørn, Christine; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Thiis-Evensen, Espen; Nakstad, Britt; Vatn, Morten H; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Ricanek, Petr; Vatn, Simen Svendsen; Moen, Aina Elisabeth Fossum; Tannæs, Tone Møller; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer; Söderholm, Johan D.; Halfvarson, Jonas; Gomollón, Fernando; Casén, Christina; Karlsson, Magdalena Kauczynska; Kalla, Rahul; Adams, Alex T.; Satsangi, Jack & Perminow, Gøri Margrete (2019). Fecal microbiota profiles in treatment-naive pediatric inflammatory bowel disease ? associations with disease phenotype, treatment, and outcome. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology.  ISSN 1178-7023.  12, s 37- 49 . doi: 10.2147/CEG.S186235
• Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Solevåg, Anne Lee & Nakstad, Britt (2018). Utfallet etter hjerte-lunge-redning av nyfødte. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  138(9) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0358
• Esaiassen, Eirin; Hjerde, Erik; Cavanagh, Jorunn Pauline; Pedersen, Tanja; Andresen, Jannicke Hanne; Rettedal, Siren; Støen, Ragnhild; Nakstad, Britt; Willassen, Nils Peder & Klingenberg, Claus (2018). Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota and Antibiotic Resistome Development in Preterm Infants. Frontiers in pediatrics.  ISSN 2296-2360.  6(November 2018) . doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00347 Full text in Research Archive.
• Espenhain, Laura Elisabeth; Jørgensen, Silje Bakken; Leegaard, Truls Michael; Lelek, Michaela Marie; Hänsgen, Siri Haug; Nakstad, Britt; Sunde, Marianne & Steinbakk, Martin (2018). Travel to Asia is a strong predictor for Carriage of cephalosporin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp. but does not explain everything; prevalence study at a Norwegian hospital 2014-2016. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control.  ISSN 2047-2994.  7 . doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0429-7 Full text in Research Archive.
• Korpela, Katri; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Moltu, Sissel; Strømmen, Kenneth; Nakstad, Britt; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Iversen, Per Ole; Drevon, Christian A & de Vos, Willem M. (2018). Intestinal microbiota development and gestational age in preterm neonates. Scientific Reports.  ISSN 2045-2322.  8:2453, s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20827-x Full text in Research Archive.
• Mreihil, Khalaf; Nakstad, Britt; Stensvold, Hans Jørgen; Saltyte Benth, Jurate & Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud (2018). Uniform national guidelines do not prevent wide variations in the clinical application of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  107(4), s 620- 627 . doi: 10.1111/apa.14142 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  AIM: This study compared the use of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice in all 21 Norwegian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 2013-2014 to improve practice. METHODS: Information on all types of phototherapy devices was collected, and irradiance was measured from random units at 20 cm and 50 cm from the light source. We gathered information on local practice rules, including the use of single, double or triple phototherapy, how infants were positioned, the frequency of blood sampling, rules for using reflective surfaces and interrupting phototherapy. In every NICU, we asked one nurse with more than five years of experience and one with less than one year to set up phototherapy equipment, then measured the irradiance and distance. RESULTS: Photodiodes were the most common of the eight types of phototherapy devices used. Rules for the distance from the device to the infant varied from 10 to 40 cm and in practice they varied from 15 to 48 cm, with irradiance ranging from 11.1-56.1 W/m2 . There were significant variations between NICUs with regard to the overall treatment duration and duration in most birthweight categories. CONCLUSION: There were considerable variations in phototherapy practices among Norwegian NICUs. In particular, the significant variations in duration need to be addressed.

• Mreihil, Khalaf; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Stensvold, Hans Jørgen; Nakstad, Britt & Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud (2018). Phototherapy is commonly used for neonatal jaundice but greater control is needed to avoid toxicity in the most vulnerable infants. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  107(4), s 611- 619 . doi: 10.1111/apa.14141 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  AIM: Limited information is available about how guidelines on phototherapy for neonatal jaundice are applied in practice and toxicity is a concern. We studied the use of phototherapy in relation to birthweight and gestational age (GA) in Norwegian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). METHODS: The study population was all 5382 infants admitted to the 21 NICUs in Norway between September 1, 2013 and August 31, 2014. Data were recorded daily in the Norwegian Neonatal Network database and anonymised data on patient characteristics, diagnoses, duration, the ages at the start and discontinuation of phototherapy were analysed. RESULTS: More than a quarter (26.6%) of all infants admitted to Norwegian NICUs during the study period received phototherapy. The use of phototherapy was inversely related to GA and birthweight. More than 80% of the preterm infants under 28 weeks of GA received phototherapy. The duration was significantly longer in the lowest birthweight and GA groups and decreased with increasing birthweight and GA. CONCLUSION: Phototherapy is proved to be a strong candidate for the most common therapeutic modality in NICU infants. However, in the light of reported toxicity in the smallest, most vulnerable infants, we recommend increased emphasis on quality control.

• Nakstad, Britt (2018). The diagnostic utility of procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, and hyaluronic acid in the Norwegian consensus definition for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Infection and Drug Resistance.  ISSN 1178-6973.  11, s 359- 368 . doi: 10.2147/IDR.S155965
• Nordheim, Trond; Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta & Nakstad, Britt (2018). A qualitative study of the experiences of Norwegian parents of very low birthweight infants enrolled in a randomized nutritional trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families.  ISSN 0882-5963.  s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.07.008
• Nordheim, Trond; Rustøen, Tone; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Småstuen, Milada C & Nakstad, Britt (2018). Hope in Parents of Very-Low Birth Weight Infants and its Association with Parenting Stress and Quality of Life. Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families.  ISSN 0882-5963.  38, s e53- e58 . doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.10.006
• Skaare, Christiane; Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Kramer-Johansen, Jo; CALISCH, TOR EINAR; Nakstad, Britt; Nadkarni, Vinay; Olasveengen, Theresa M. & Niles, Dana E. (2018). Video performance-debriefings and ventilation-refreshers improve quality of neonatal resuscitation. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  s 1- 7 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.013 Full text in Research Archive.
• Skaare, Christiane; CALISCH, TOR EINAR; Sæter, Erik; Rajka, Thomas; Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Nakstad, Britt; Niles, Dana E.; Kramer-Johansen, Jo & Olasveengen, Theresa M. (2018). Implementation and effectiveness of a video-based debriefing programme for neonatal resuscitation. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-5172.  62(3), s 394- 403 . doi: 10.1111/aas.13050 Full text in Research Archive.
• Tahamtan, Alireza; Teymoori-Rad, Majid; Nakstad, Britt & Salimi, Vahid (2018). Anti-inflammatory MicroRNAs and their potential for inflammatory diseases treatment. Frontiers in Immunology.  ISSN 1664-3224.  9 . doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01377
• Andersen, Randi D.; Langius-Eklöf, Ann; Nakstad, Britt; Bernklev, Tomm & Jylli, Leena (2017). The measurement properties of pediatric observational pain scales: A systematic review of reviews. International Journal of Nursing Studies.  ISSN 0020-7489.  73(August), s 93- 101 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.010 Show summary

  Background: Valid observational pain scales are needed to assess pain and ensure sufficient treatment of pain in children that lack the verbal ability to self-report pain. Published reviews attempt to synthesize results from primary studies validating these scales and based on the findings recommendations may be given, for example which pain scales are the most appropriate for use in different pediatric populations. Objectives: The aims of this review were to describe how systematic reviews have evaluated and recommended observational pain scales for use in children aged 0–18 years and appraise the evidence underlying these recommendations. Design: Systematic review of reviews. Data sources: The Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsychINFO were searched from inception to September 2016. Reference lists and gray literature were searched for additional studies. Review methods: Study selection and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently with a disagreement procedure in place. Methodological quality or study validity was measured using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist and risk of bias or internal validity was measured using the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) tool. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO: registration number CRD42016035264. Results: Twelve reviews met the inclusion criteria. Together; they included 65 different observational pain scales for use in children, of which 28 were recommended at least once. Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC)/revised version of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (rFLACC), COMFORT/COMFORT behavioral scale and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) were evaluated and recommended most frequently. Few of the included reviews assessed the methodological quality of the studies included in the review. The narrative analysis consisted mostly of a reiteration of the results from the primary studies. In general, more recent reviews showed a lower risk of bias than older ones. Conclusions: Included reviews exhibited low quality of evidence; thus, their recommendations regarding pain scales for use in clinical practice or research with children that lack the verbal ability to self-report pain should be interpreted with caution.

• Berg, Are Stuwitz; Inchley, Christopher; Fjærli, Hans Olav; Leegaard, Truls Michael; Lindbæk, Morten & Nakstad, Britt (2017). Clinical features and inflammatory markers in pediatric pneumonia: a prospective study. European Journal of Pediatrics.  ISSN 0340-6199.  176(5), s 629- 638 . doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-2887-y
• Berg, Are Stuwitz; Inchley, Christopher; Fjærli, Hans Olav; Leegaard, Truls Michael & Nakstad, Britt (2017). Assessing severity in pediatric pneumonia. Predictors of the need for major medical interventions.. Pediatric emergency care.  ISSN 0749-5161. . doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001179
• Gul, Kiran Aftab; Stiansen-Sonerud, Tonje; Fjærli, Hans Olav; Nakstad, Britt; Abrahamsen, Tore G & Inchley, Christopher (2017). Thymus activity measured by T-cell receptor excision circles in patients with different severities of respiratory syncytial virus infection. BMC Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 1471-2334.  17(18), s 1- 8 . doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-2148-0 Full text in Research Archive.
• Horter, Thorsten; Nakstad, Britt; Ashtari, Omid & Solevåg, Anne Lee (2017). Right and left ventricular function in hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Infection and Drug Resistance.  ISSN 1178-6973.  10, s 419- 424 . doi: 10.2147/IDR.S141290
• Inchley, Christopher; Berg, Are Stuwitz; Vahdani-Benam, Afsaneh; Kvissel, Anne Katrine; Leegaard, Truls Michael & Nakstad, Britt (2017). Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: A Cross-sectional Population-based Comparison of Disease Severity in Preschool and School-age Children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.  ISSN 0891-3668.  36(10), s 930- 936 . doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001628
• Mirinavciute, Grazina; Kristensen, Erle; Nakstad, Britt & Flem, Elmira (2017). Varicella-Related Primary Healthcare Visits, Hospitalizations and Mortality in Norway, 2008-2014. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.  ISSN 0891-3668.  36(11), s 1032- 1038 . doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001656
• Olbjørn, Christine; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Thiis-Evensen, Espen; Nakstad, Britt; Vatn, Morten H & Perminow, Gøri Margrete (2017). Serological markers in diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and as predictors for early tumor necrosis factor blocker therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.  ISSN 0036-5521.  52(4), s 414- 419 . doi: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1259653 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sirevåg, Kjersti; Fløtten, Kjersti Johanne Østrem; Nakstad, Britt; Hvideberg, Aud Inger; Odden, Jan-Petter & Van Roy, Betty (2017). From child to grown up in a medical world: Developing an adolescent transition programme at a Norwegian University hospital. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health.  ISSN 0334-0139. . doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0039
• Sletner, Line; Jenum, Anne Karen; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S; Mørkrid, Kjersti; Nakstad, Britt; Jensen, Odd H.; Birkeland, Kåre I. & Vangen, Siri (2017). Fetal growth trajectories in pregnancies of European and South Asian mothers with and without gestational diabetes, a population-based cohort study. PLoS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  12(3) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172946 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sletner, Line; Kiserud, Torvid; Vangen, Siri; Nakstad, Britt & Jenum, Anne Karen (2017). Effects of applying universal fetal growth standards in a Scandinavian multi-ethnic population. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-6349.  97(2), s 168- 179 . doi: 10.1111/aogs.13269 Full text in Research Archive.
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Schmölzer, Georg M.; Nakstad, Britt; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Cheung, Po-Yin (2017). Association between Brain and Kidney Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Early Postresuscitation Mortality in Asphyxiated Newborn Piglets. Neonatology.  ISSN 1661-7800.  112(1), s 80- 86 . doi: 10.1159/000458515
• Strømmen, Kenneth; Haag, Alexander; Moltu, Sissel; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Nakstad, Britt; Almaas, Astrid; Brække, Kristin; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Daniel, Hannelore; Drevon, Christian A & Iversen, Per Ole (2017). Enhanced nutrient supply to very low birth weight infants is associated with higher blood amino acid concentrations and improved growth. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.  ISSN 2405-4577.  18, s 16- 22 . doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.01.003
• Størdal, Ketil; Lundeby, Karen Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Haugen, Margaretha; Nakstad, Britt; Lund-Blix, Nicolai Andre & Stene, Lars Christian (2017). Breast-feeding and Infant Hospitalization for Infections: Large Cohort and Sibling Analysis. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN.  ISSN 0277-2116.  65(2), s 225- 231 . doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001539
• Almaas, Astrid; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Nakstad, Britt; Henriksen, Christine; Grydeland, Håkon; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Iversen, Per Ole & Drevon, Christian A (2016). Diffusion tensor imaging and behavior in premature infants at 8 years of age, a randomized controlled trial with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Early Human Development.  ISSN 0378-3782.  95, s 41- 46 . doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.01.021
• Berg, Are Stuwits; Inchley, Christopher; Aase, Audun; Fjærli, Hans Olav; Bull, Reidun; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen; Leegaard, Truls Michael & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Etiology of Pneumonia in a Pediatric Population with High Pneumococcal Vaccine Coverage. A Prospective Study. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.  ISSN 0891-3668.  35(3), s e69- e75 . doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001009 Show summary

  Background: Improved Childhood Immunizations Programs, especial ly the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination, better diagnostic methods and the importance of reduced antibiotic misuse, makes this a critical ti me to increase knowledge on the etiology of pediatric pneumonia. Our main objective was to identify the contribution of various microbiological species that causes pneumonia in previously healthy children and adolescents in a population with high pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. Methods: This prospective, observational study enrolled pati ents with clinical and radiological signs of pneumonia over a 2-year period. Both in- and outpatients were included. Paired sera, nasopharyngeal PCR and bacterial cultures from blood and pleura were analyzed to detect potential viral and bacterial causative pathogens. Results: 265 cases of clinical and radiological verified pneumonia were identified. The pneumococcal vaccine coverage was 85%. We identified a causative pathogen in 84.2% of all cases; 63.4% with single viral etiology, 11.3% with pneumococcus and 7.5% with mycoplasma infection. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common pathogen < 5 years, while mycoplasma was the most common in older children. Conclusions: We identified the majority of 265 cases with radiology proven pneumonia as single viral infections, predominantly respiratory syncytial virus, and a much lower proportion of bacterial causes. These findings may impact pneumonia Management Guidelines in areas where widespread pneumococcal vaccination is provided, and contribute to reduced antibiotic overuse in pediatric pneumonia.

• Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Moltu, Sissel; Nakstad, Britt; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Strømmen, Kenneth; Juliusson, Petur Benedikt; Almaas, Astrid; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Drevon, Christian A & Iversen, Per Ole (2016). Enhanced nutrition improves growth and increases blood adiponectin concentrations in very low birth weight infants :. Food & Nutrition Research.  ISSN 1654-6628.  60:33171, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.33171
• Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Jensen, Thomas Hagen; Bjørbekk, Ane Torvik; Solevåg, Anne Lee & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Rescuers’ physical fatigue with different chest compression to ventilation methods during simulated infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.  ISSN 1476-7058.  29(19), s 3202- 3207 . doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1119115
• Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Aasen, Elisabeth & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Resuscitators who compared four simulated infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods favoured the three-to-one compression-to-ventilation ratio. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  105(8), s 910- 916 . doi: 10.1111/apa.13339 Show summary

  Aim Suboptimal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with a poor outcome, and international guidelines state that resuscitators should optimise compression and ventilation techniques with as few interruptions as possible. We investigated compression and ventilation quality during simulated CPR with four compression-to-ventilation (C:V) methods. Methods In this crossover manikin study, 42 pairs of doctors, nurses, midwives and sixth-year medical students from two Norwegian hospitals provided two-minute resuscitation using the 3:1, 9:3 and 15:2 C:V methods and continuous chest compressions at 120 per minute with asynchronous ventilations (CCaV-120). We measured chest compression, ventilation mechanics and the resuscitators' preferences. Results C:V methods 3:1 and 9:3 provided comparable chest compressions and ventilation mechanics, whereas 15:2 produced fewer ventilations and lower minute volumes. The CCaV-120 method was significantly less effective than the 3:1 C:V ratio method: the chest compression depth was 1.9 mm lower, there were 25 fewer chest compressions and 21 fewer ventilations per minute, and the minute volume was 69 mL lower. The 3:1 C:V method also provided better coordination between resuscitators. Conclusion Our comparison of four simulated infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods favoured the 3:1 C:V method, and the multidisciplinary group of participants felt it offered the best level of coordination between resuscitators.

• Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Klingenberg, Claus & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Newborn manikin study shows that physicians often fail to detect correct lung compliance when using a self-inflating bag. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  105(2), s 172- 177 . doi: 10.1111/apa.13114
• Henriksen, Christine; Almaas, Astrid; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Drevon, Christian A; Iversen, Per Ole & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Growth, metabolic markers, and cognition in 8-year old children born prematurely, follow-up of a randomized controlled trial with essential fatty acids. European Journal of Pediatrics.  ISSN 0340-6199.  175(9), s 1165- 1174 . doi: 10.1007/s00431-016-2755-1
• Nakstad, Britt; Sonerud, Tonje & Solevåg, Anne Lee (2016). Early detection of neonatal group B streptococcus sepsis and the possible diagnostic utility of IL-6,IL-8, and CD11b in a human umbilical cord blood in vitro model. Infection and Drug Resistance.  ISSN 1178-6973.  9, s 171- 179 . doi: 10.2147/IDR.S106181
• Nordheim, Trond; Rustøen, Tone; Iversen, Per Ole & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Quality of life in parents of preterm infants in a randomized nutritional intervention trial. Food & Nutrition Research.  ISSN 1654-6628.  60, s 7 . doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32162
• Sachse, Daniel; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Berg, Jens Petter & Nakstad, Britt (2016). The role of plasma and urine metabolomics in identifying new biomarkers in severe newborn asphyxia: A study of asphyxiated newborn pigs following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PLoS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  11:e0161123(8) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161123 Full text in Research Archive.
• Skaare, Christiane; Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Nakstad, Britt; CALISCH, TOR EINAR; Niles, Dana E.; Nadkarni, Vinay M.; Kramer-Johansen, Jo & Olasveengen, Theresa M. (2016). Ventilation fraction during the first 30s of neonatal resuscitation. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  107, s 25- 30 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.07.231
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Schmölzer, G M.; O'Reilly, M; Lu, M; Lee, T F; Hornberger, L K; Nakstad, Britt & Cheung, P. Y. (2016). Myocardial perfusion and oxidative stress after 21% vs. 100% oxygen ventilation and uninterrupted chest compressions in severely asphyxiated piglets. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  106, s 7- 13 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.014
• Strømmen, Kenneth; Lyche, Jan Ludvig; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Moltu, Sissel; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Almaas, Astrid; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Thomsen, Cathrine; Nakstad, Britt; Brække, Kristin; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Drevon, Christian A & Iversen, Per Ole (2016). Increased levels of phthalates in very low birth weight infants with septicemia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Environment International.  ISSN 0160-4120.  89-90, s 228- 234 . doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.024
• Tahamtan, Alireza; Inchley, Christopher; Marzban, Mona; Tavakoli-Yaraki, Masoumeh; Teymoori-Rad, Majid; Nakstad, Britt & Salimi, Vahid (2016). The role of microRNAs in respiratory viral infection: friend or foe?. Reviews in Medical Virology.  ISSN 1052-9276.  26(6), s 389- 407 . doi: 10.1002/rmv.1894
• van der Velden, Maja; Sommervold, Margaret Machniak; Culén, Alma Leora & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Designing Interactive Technologies with Teenagers in a Hospital Setting, In Linda Little; Daniel Fitton; Beth Bell & Nicola Toth (ed.),  Perspectives on HCI Research with Teenagers.  Springer Publishing Company.  ISBN 978-3-319-33450-9.  5.  s 103 - 131 Show summary

  This chapter describes a design process with teenagers with chronic health challenges. The design activities were related to two main themes, the transition from paediatrics to adult healthcare and patient-oriented social networking, and were implemented with a group of young patients who were members of the Youth Council, an advisory body to the hospital. We describe two design strategies, Design Stations and Continuous Participation Platform. Design Stations facilitate a design process that uses the time with the teens effectively and caters also to the teens’ creativity and attention span. The Continuous Participation Platform contributes to maintaining consistency and continuity between the Design Station meetings. The process consisted of four design workshops, which took place in a hospital, and online activities in between these workshops. Nine small research projects were implemented, using a range of diverse participatory methods and tools. In the chapter we analyse and discuss the results using the SHARM framework, our Participatory Design methodology for designing with and for teenagers with chronic health challenges. SHARM focuses on situation-based action, having a say, adaptability, respect, and mutual learning. We found that our participants switch between their identity as a patient and as a teenager. Building and strengthening a third identity, namely that of a co-designer, may further improve the design efforts when designing with this particular group of participants.

• Almaas, Astrid; Tamnes, Christian Krog; Nakstad, Britt; Henriksen, Christine; Walhovd, Kristine B; Fjell, Anders Martin; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Drevon, Christian A & Iversen, Per Ole (2015). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in VLBW infants at 8 years: An RCT. Pediatrics.  ISSN 0031-4005.  135(6), s 972- 980 . doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-4094
• Andersen, Randi D.; Bernklev, Tomm; Langius-Eklöf, Ann; Nakstad, Britt & Jylli, Leena (2015). The COMFORT behavioural scale provides a useful assessment of sedation, pain and distress in toddlers undergoing minor elective surgery. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  104(9), s 904- 909 . doi: 10.1111/apa.13045 Show summary

  Aim: The COMFORT behavioural scale was developed to assess sedation, pain and distress in children unable to report pain. Our aims were to test construct validity of the scale in toddlers undergoing minor surgery and determine the inter-rater reliability of the scale. Methods: We consecutively enrolled 45 children aged 12–36 months from a Norwegian surgical outpatient care unit. The level of sedation, pain and distress was assessed before and after surgery with the COMFORT behavioural scale. Inter-rater reliability was estimated and construct validity was tested based on a priori defined hypotheses. A 2.5-point (15%) change in the scale was considered clinically important. Results: We obtained 307 scores covering most of the scale’s range, but a floor effect was clearly present. Inter-rater reliability was high between assessors (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96; 95% CI 0.92–0.98). Clinically important differences were seen between baseline and light sedation (3.1 points, p < 0.001) and between light and deep sedation (4.6 points, p = 0.002). The difference between baseline and our definition of a pain/distress state was not clinically important (1.5 points, p = 0.039). Conclusion: The COMFORT behavioural scale can provide one aspect of an overall clinical assessment of sedation, and probably pain and distress, in toddlers before and after surgery.

• Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Strømmen, Kenneth; Moltu, Sissel; Wattam-Bell, John; Nordheim, Trond; Almaas, Astrid; Grønn, Morten; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Iversen, Per Ole; Hofsten, Claes von; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Drevon, Christian A & Nakstad, Britt (2015). Improved visual perception in very low birth weight infants on enhanced nutrient supply. Neonatology.  ISSN 1661-7800.  108(1), s 30- 37 . doi: 10.1159/000381660
• Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Klingenberg, Claus & Nakstad, Britt (2015). How doctors learn and perform sustained inflations with a self-inflating bag: a manikin study with a newborn lung simulator. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  104(4), s e178- e183 . doi: 10.1111/apa.12897
• Inchley, Christopher; Sonerud, Tonje; Fjærli, Hans Olav & Nakstad, Britt (2015). Nasal mucosal microRNA expression in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. BMC Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 1471-2334.  15(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0878-z
• Mreihil, Khalaf; Madsen, Poul; Nakstad, Britt; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Ebbesen, Finn & Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud (2015). Early formation of bilirubin isomers during phototherapy for neonatal jaundice: Effects of single vs. double fluorescent lamps vs. photodiodes. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998.  78(1), s 56- 62 . doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.61
• Skaare, Christiane; Kramer-Johansen, Jo; STEEN, THORBJØRN; Ødegaard, Silje; Niles, Dana E.; Nakstad, Britt; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Nadkarni, Vinay M. & Olasveengen, Theresa M. (2015). Incidence of newborn stabilization and resuscitation measures and guideline compliance during the first minutes of life in Norway. Neonatology.  ISSN 1661-7800.  108(2), s 100- 107 . doi: 10.1159/000431075
• Sletner, Line; Rasmussen, Svein; Jenum, Anne Karen; Nakstad, Britt; Jensen, Odd H. & Vangen, Siri (2015). Ethnic differences in fetal size and growth in a multi-ethnic population. Early Human Development.  ISSN 0378-3782.  91(9), s 547- 554 . doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.07.002
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Cheung, Po-Yin; Lie, Helene; O'Reilly, Megan; Aziz, Khalid; Nakstad, Britt & Schmölzer, Georg Marcus (2015). Chest compressions in newborn animal models: A review. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  96, s 151- 155 . doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.08.001
• Moltu, Sissel; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Strømmen, Kenneth; Almaas, Astrid; Nakstad, Britt; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Drevon, Christian A; Iversen, Per Ole & Westerberg, Ane Cecilie (2014). Enhanced feeding and diminished postnatal growth failure in very-low-birth-weight infants - a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN.  ISSN 0277-2116.  58(3), s 344- 351 . doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000220
• Moltu, Sissel; Sachse, Daniel; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Strømmen, Kenneth; Nakstad, Britt; Almaas, Astrid; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Iversen, Per Ole; Rise, Frode; Berg, Jens Petter & Drevon, Christian A (2014). Urinary metabolite profiles in premature infants show early postnatal metabolic adaption and maturation. Nutrients.  ISSN 2072-6643.  6(5), s 1913- 1930 . doi: 10.3390/nu6051913
• Olbjørn, Christine; Nakstad, Britt; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Thiis-Evensen, Espen; Vatn, Morten H & Perminow, Gøri Margrete (2014). Early anti-TNF treatment in pediatric Crohn's disease. Predictors of clinical outcome in a population-based cohort of newly diagnosed patients. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.  ISSN 0036-5521.  49(12), s 1425- 1431 . doi: 10.3109/00365521.2014.966316 Full text in Research Archive.
• Sachse, Daniel; Bærug, Anne Bergljot; Sletner, Line; Birkeland, Kåre I.; Nakstad, Britt; Jenum, Anne Karen & Berg, Jens Petter (2014). Urine NMR metabolomics analysis of breastfeeding biomarkers during and after pregnancy in a large prospective cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation.  ISSN 0036-5513.  74(3), s 264- 272 . doi: 10.3109/00365513.2014.884240
• Sletner, Line; Jenum, Anne Karen; Mørkrid, Kjersti; Vangen, Siri; Holme, Ingar Morten K; Birkeland, Kåre I. & Nakstad, Britt (2014). Maternal Life Course Socio-Economic Position and Offspring Body Composition at Birth in a Multi-Ethnic Population. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology.  ISSN 0269-5022.  28(5), s 445- 454 . doi: 10.1111/ppe.12137
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Dannevig, Ingrid; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Nakstad, Britt (2014). Reliability of pulse oximetry in hypoxic newborn pigs. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.  ISSN 1476-7058.  27(8), s 833- 838 . doi: 10.3109/14767058.2013.842550
• Solevåg, Anne Lee & Nakstad, Britt (2014). Utility of a paediatric trigger tool in a Norwegian department of paediatric and adolescent medicine. BMJ Open.  ISSN 2044-6055.  4(5) . doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005011
• Strømmen, Kenneth; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Moltu, Sissel; Almaas, Astrid; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Amlien, Inge; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Nakstad, Britt; Drevon, Christian A; Bjørnerud, Atle; Courivaud, Fredric A A; Hol, Per Kristian; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B & Iversen, Per Ole (2014). Enhanced Nutrient Supply to Very Low Birth Weight Infants is Associated with Improved White Matter Maturation and Head Growth. Neonatology.  ISSN 1661-7800.  107(1), s 68- 75 . doi: 10.1159/000368181
• Birkhaug, Ida C.; Inchley, Christopher; Aamodt, Geir; Ånestad, Gabriel; Nystad, Wenche & Nakstad, Britt (2013). Infectious burden of respiratory syncytial virus in relation to time of birth modifies the risk of lower respiratory tract infection infancy: the Norwegian mother and child cohort. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.  ISSN 0891-3668.  32(6), s e235- e241 . doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31828ab9ff
• Dannevig, Ingrid; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Sonerud, Tonje; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Nakstad, Britt (2013). Brain inflammation induced by severe asphyxia in newborn pigs and the impact of alternative resuscitation strategies on the newborn central nervous system. Pediatric Research.  ISSN 0031-3998.  73(2), s 163- 170 . doi: 10.1038/pr.2012.167 Show summary

  Background: We compared the current guidelines for neonatal resuscitation with alternative measures and aimed to find out whether this modulated brain inflammation. Methods: Progressive asphyxia was induced in 94 newborn pigs until asystole. With the reference being resuscitation guidelines, 30 s of initial positive-pressure ventilation before compression (C) and ventilation (V) (C:V; 3:1) in 21% oxygen, pigs were randomized to (i) ventilation for 30, 60, or 90 s before chest compressions; (ii) C:V ratios of 3:1, 9:3, or 15:2; or (iii) 21% or 100% oxygen. Concentrations of inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CS F) and gene expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were measured for different interventions. Results: In CSF, S100 was higher with 90 s than with 30 or 60 s of initial positive-pressure ventilation, whereas concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were higher with 30 than with 60 s. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICA M-1) were higher with 30 than with 60 s. No other comparison between ratios and oxygen concentrations used yielded significant results. Conclusion: With respect to signs of brain inflammation, newly born pigs at asystole should be ventilated for longer than 30 s before chest compressions start. C:V ratios of 9:3 and 15:2 as compared with 3:1, or air instead of pure oxygen, did not modulate inflammatory markers.

• Inchley, Christopher; Østerholt, Helene Dale; Sonerud, Tonje; Fjærli, Hans Olav & Nakstad, Britt (2013). Downregulation of IL7R, CCR7, and TLR4 in the Cord Blood of Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 0022-1899.  208(9), s 1431- 1435 . doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit336
• Moltu, Sissel; Strømmen, Kenneth; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Almaas, Astrid; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Brække, Kristin; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Nakstad, Britt; Berg, Jens Petter; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Haaland, Kirsti; Iversen, Per Ole & Drevon, Christian A (2013). Enhanced feeding in very-low-birth-weight infants may cause electrolyte disturbances and septicemia - A randomized, controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition.  ISSN 0261-5614.  32(2), s 207- 212 . doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.09.004
• Sletner, Line; Nakstad, Britt; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.; Mørkrid, Kjersti; Vangen, Siri; Vårdal, Mari H; Holme, Ingar Morten K; Birkeland, Kåre I. & Jenum, Anne Karen (2013). Ethnic differences in neonatal body composition in a multi-ethnic population and the impact of parental factors: a population-based cohort study. PLoS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  8(8:e73058) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073058 Full text in Research Archive.
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Eggen, Elisabeth Holmboe; Schröder, Judith & Nakstad, Britt (2013). Use of a modified pediatric early warning score in a department of pediatric and adolescent medicine. PLoS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  8(8:e72534) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072534
• Dannevig, Ingrid; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Nakstad, Britt (2012). Lung Injury in Asphyxiated Newborn Pigs Resuscitated from Cardiac Arrest - The Impact of Supplementary Oxygen, Longer Ventilation Intervals and Chest Compressions at Different Compression-to-Ventilation Ratios. The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal.  ISSN 1874-3064. . doi: 10.2174/1874306401206010089 Show summary

  Introduction: Non-specific lung inflammatory events caused by severe asphyxia may be intensified by the way we resuscitate the newly born. Assessing lung injury is potentially important because if alternative resuscitation approaches induces similar inflammatory responses or less lung injury. then we may choose the resuscitation approach that is most gentle, and easiest to perform and learn. We investigated the levels of lung inflammatory markers by comparing different ventilation, chest compression and inhaled oxygen fraction strategies in resuscitation of newly born pigs at cardiac arrest. Materials and methods: Progressive asphyxia in newborn pigs was induced until asystole occurred. With current resuscitation guidelines as a reference group, pigs were randomized to receive initial ventilation before chest compressions for 30s, 60s or 90s, or to compression-to-ventilation ratios 3:1or 9:3, or to resuscitation using pure oxygen or air. We analysed inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), IL8 and TNF����, and lung tissue qPCR for genes matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)2, MMP9, TNF���� and ICAM-1. Results: BAL-levels of TNF���� and IL8 tended to be higher in the 30s group compared to 60s group (p = 0.028 and p = 0.023, respectively) as was gene expression in lung tissue of ICAM-1 and MMP2 (p=0.012 and p=0.043, respectively). MMP2 expression was slightly higher in the 30s group compared to 90s group (p = 0.020). No differences were found between pigs resuscitated with C:V ratio 9:3 and 3:1 or pure oxygen versus air. Conclusion: Compared to current guidelines, with respect to lung injury, resuscitation with longer initial ventilation should be considered. Longer series of chest compressions did not change the lung inflammatory response, neither did the use of air instead of pure oxygen in severely asphyxiated pigs resuscitated from asystole.

• Jenum, Anne Karen; Mørkrid, Kjersti; Sletner, Line; Vangen, Siri; Torper, Johan; Nakstad, Britt; Voldner, Nanna; Rognerud-Jensen, Odd H.; Stølevik, Sveinung Berntsen; Mosdøl, Annhild; Skrivarhaug, Torild; Vårdal, Mari H; Holme, Ingar Morten K; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S & Birkeland, Kåre I. (2012). Impact of ethnicity on gestational diabetes identified with the WHO and the modified International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria: a population-based cohort study. European Journal of Endocrinology.  ISSN 0804-4643.  166(2), s 317- 324 . doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0866 Full text in Research Archive.
• Mørkrid, Kjersti; Jenum, Anne Karen; Sletner, Line; Vårdal, Mari H; Waage, Christin; Nakstad, Britt; Vangen, Siri & Birkeland, Kåre I. (2012). Failure to increase insulin secretory capacity during pregnancy-induced insulin resistance is associated with ethnicity and gestational diabetes. European Journal of Endocrinology.  ISSN 0804-4643.  167(4), s 579- 588 . doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0452 Full text in Research Archive.
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Madland, Jorunn Marie; Gjærum, Espen & Nakstad, Britt (2012). Minute ventilation at different compression to ventilation ratios, different ventilation rates; and continuous chest compressions with asynchronous ventilation in a newborn manikin. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.  ISSN 1757-7241.  20 . doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-20-73 Show summary

  Background In newborn resuscitation the recommended rate of chest compressions should be 90 per minute and 30 ventilations should be delivered each minute, aiming at achieving a total of 120 events per minute. However, this recommendation is based on physiological plausibility and consensus rather than scientific evidence. With focus on minute ventilation (Mv), we aimed to compare today’s standard to alternative chest compression to ventilation (C:V) ratios and different ventilation rates, as well as to continuous chest compressions with asynchronous ventilation. Methods Two investigators performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a newborn manikin with a Tpiece resuscitator and manual chest compressions. The C:V ratios 3:1, 9:3 and 15:2, as well as continuous chest compressions with asynchronous ventilation (120 compressions and 40 ventilations per minute) were performed in a randomised fashion in series of 10 x 2 minutes. In addition, ventilation only was performed at three different rates (40, 60 and 120 ventilations per minute, respectively). A respiratory function monitor measured inspiration time, tidal volume and ventilation rate. Mv was calculated for the different interventions and the Mann–Whitney test was used for comparisons between groups.Results Median Mv per kg in ml (interquartile range) was significantly lower at the C:V ratios of 9:3 (140 (134–144)) and 15:2 (77 (74–83)) as compared to 3:1 (191(183–199)). With ventilation only, there was a correlation between ventilation rate and Mv despite a negative correlation between ventilation rate and tidal volumes. Continuous chest compressions with asynchronous ventilation gave higher Mv as compared to coordinated compressions and ventilations at a C:V ratio of 3:1. Conclusions In this study, higher C:V ratios than 3:1 compromised ventilation dynamics in a newborn manikin. However, higher ventilation rates, as well as continuous chest compressions with asynchronous ventilation gave higher Mv than coordinated compressions and ventilations with 90 compressions and 30 ventilations per minute.

• Solevåg, Anne Lee & Nakstad, Britt (2012). Nevroprotektiv behandling ved fødselsasfyksi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  21(132), s 2396- 2399 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0120 Show summary

  Abstract BACKGROUND: Perinatal asphyxia can cause serious illness or death. By taking steps in the «latent phase», which occurs 6-24 hours after the hypoxic event, the neurological damage caused by perinatal asphyxia can be limited. We wish to present a selection of such measures that are either established treatment today or that appear promising. METHOD: We searched in the Medline and Cochrane Library databases for options for treating perinatal asphyxia. RESULTS: An overwhelming number of potential treatments were identified. From among them we selected 44 indexed, peer-reviewed original articles in English on strategies for neuroprotective treatment after perinatal asphyxia. The treatments target different cellular mechanisms that cause neurological damage following perinatal asphyxia. In randomised clinical trials, only hypothermia treatment has improved the long-term outcome for newborns with perinatal asphyxia. Xenon gas, erythropoeitin and allopurinol are undergoing clinical testing. INTERPRETATION: The efficacy of xenon gas, erythropoeitin and allopurinol in combination with the established treatment form of hypothermia must be studied more closely. Antioxidants, stem cell treatment and DNA repair mechanisms can pave the way for new opportunities in the future.

• Østerholt, Helene Dale; Dannevig, Ingrid; Wyckoff, Myra H.; Liao, Jie; Akgul, Yucel; Ramgopal, Mrithyunjay; Mija, Dan S.; Cheong, Naeun; Longoria, Christopher; Mahendroo, Mala; Nakstad, Britt; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Savani, Rashmin C. (2012). Antioxidant Protects against Increases in Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan and Inflammation in Asphyxiated Newborn Pigs Resuscitated with 100% Oxygen. PLoS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  7(6) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038839
• Østerholt, Helene Dale; LUNDELAND, BÅRD; Sonerud, Tonje; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Nakstad, Britt (2012). The impact of hyaluronan on monocyte Toll-like receptor expression in term infant cord blood. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  101(7), s 706- 713 . doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02650.x
• Bratlid, Dag; Nakstad, Britt & Hansen, Thor Willy (2011). National guidelines for treatment of jaundice in the newborn. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  100(4), s 499- 505 . doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02104.x
• Dannevig, Ingrid; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Wyckoff, Myra H.; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Nakstad, Britt (2011). Delayed onset of cardiac compressions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation of newborn pigs with asphyctic cardiac arrest. Neonatology.  ISSN 1661-7800.  99(2), s 153- 162 . doi: 10.1159/000302718
• Haugen, Else Beth; Saltyte-Benth, Jurate & Nakstad, Britt (2011). Manual therapy in infantile torticollis: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  100(5), s 687- 690 . doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02145.x
• Inchley, Christopher; Sonerud, Tonje; Fjærli, Hans Olav & Nakstad, Britt (2011). Reduced Dicer expression in the cord blood of infants admitted with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. BMC Infectious Diseases.  ISSN 1471-2334.  11 . doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-59
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Dannevig, Ingrid; Wyckoff, Myra; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Nakstad, Britt (2011). Return of spontaneous circulation with a compression:ventilation ratio of 15:2 versus 3:1 in newborn pigs with cardiac arrest due to asphyxia. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.  ISSN 1359-2998.  96(6), s F417- F421 . doi: 10.1136/adc.2010.200386

View all works in Cristin

• Andersen, Randi D.; Jylli, Leena; Langius-Eklöf, Ann; Bernklev, Tomm & Nakstad, Britt (2018). Do you see my pain? Aspects of pain assessment in hospitalized preverbal children. Show summary

  Background and aim: Pain in hospitalized preverbal children is underassessed and undermanaged. According to the Social Communication Model of Pain, pain is both a personal experience and a social construction, influenced not only by the child in pain, but by the observer and the context. Nurses’ pain assessment is biased towards underestimation. The use of structured pain scales is strongly advocated, but pain scales have been difficult to implement into clinical practice. To improve clinical pain assessment and reduce unnecessary pain for hospitalized preverbal children, a better understanding of aspects concerning these scales is needed, and nurses’ views regarding clinical pain assessment and their understanding and practical use of structured pain scales need to be further explored. The overall aim of this thesis was to contribute to knowledge regarding how to reduce unnecessary pain and suffering in hospitalized preverbal children by exploring aspects that influence nurses' assessment of pain in the clinical setting. Material and Methods: This PhD thesis consists of four different studies using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In study I the COMFORT behavioral scale was translated into Norwegian using the forward-back-translation method and culturally adapted in 12 cognitive interviews with clinicians who would later be using the scale in clinical practice. The translated scale’s responsiveness to change and inter-rater reliability were tested in study II, based on repeated measurements from 45 preverbal children before and after minor outpatient surgery. Study III was a systematic review appraising the evidence underlying the recommendations presented in 14 systematic reviews on the measurement properties of observational pain scales. Study IV was a semi-structured interview study with 22 nurses in Norway and Canada and examined their pain assessment practices based on self-selected clinical examples. Results: Cognitive interviews identified several problems with the content validity of the Norwegian and original versions of the COMFORT behavioral scale. The responsiveness of the translated version was supported for assessment of sedation, but not for assessment of pain/distress. Scale recommendations given in systematic reviews addressing the measurement properties of observational pain scales had low evidence value and should be interpreted with caution. Observational pain scales were infrequently used in clinical practice and pain scores were not considered pain –specific. Instead; nurses expressed strong preferences for pain assessment based on clinical judgment and individually tailored to the child and the situation. When assessing pain, nurses combined experience-based and childspecific knowledge with one or more specific strategies to interpret observations of and information from the child. Described strategies included identifying a probable cause for pain, eliminating other sources of distress, evaluating behavioral change and/or effect of interventions on behavior, using a personal and contextual approach, and using behavioral pain scores. Conclusions: A preverbal child’s pain will probably be better seen, evaluated and managed if nurses apply a systematic and comprehensive assessment approach that integrates clinical judgement and structured pain scales.

• Henriksen, Christine; Almaas, Astrid; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Drevon, Christian A; Iversen, Per Ole & Nakstad, Britt (2017). Growth, metabolic profile and IQ in 8 years old children born preterm: Follow-up of an RCT with essential fatty acids (foredraget ble holdt på norsk).
• Berg, Are Stuwitz; Inchley, Christopher; Fjaerli, H.O.; Leegaard, Truls Michael & Nakstad, Britt (2016). Microbial aetiology of paediatric pneumonia complicated with parapneumonic effusion in the era of pneumococcal vaccination. Infectious diseases.  ISSN 2374-4243.  48(9), s 712- 714 . doi: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1192721
• Inchley, Christopher; Nakstad, Britt & Fjærli, Hans Olav (2015). Immune regulation and RNA interference in the aettiology of Respiratory syncytial virus disease. Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo. 2009.
• Skaare, Christiane; Kramer-Johansen, Jo; CALISCH, TOR EINAR; Niles, Dana E.; Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Nakstad, Britt; Nadkarni, Vinay M. & Olasveengen, Theresa Mariero (2015). Video Based Debriefings Improves Neonatal Resuscitation.
• Skaare, Christiane; Kramer-Johansen, Jo; CALISCH, TOR EINAR; Niles, Dana E.; Boldingh, Anne Marthe; Nakstad, Britt; Nadkarni, Vinay M. & Olasveengen, Theresa Mariero (2015). Video Based Debriefings Improves Neonatal Resuscitation. Resuscitation.  ISSN 0300-9572.  96, s 35- 36
• Nakstad, Britt; Nordheim, Trond; Hovde, Heidi; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Thorud, M & Storm, Hanne (2014). Skin Conductance changes differ between painfun stimuli and general hypoxia different frem peripheral oxygen saturation.
• Nordheim, Trond; Rustøen, Tone & Nakstad, Britt (2014). Quality of Life for Parents of Very-Low Birth Weight Infants Enrolled in a Clinical Study.
• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Borge, Ann Kristin; Olsen, Merete; Lie, Helene & Nakstad, Britt (2014). Alle syke nyfødte bør få enkeltrom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001. . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1073
• Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Strømmen, Kenneth; Moltu, Sissel; Wattam-Bell, J; Nordheim, Trond; Almaas, Astrid; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Iversen, Per Ole; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Hofsteen, C; Drevon, Christian A & Nakstad, Britt (2013). Enhanced feeding improved global motion visual event-related potentials in very low birth weight infants.
• Moltu, Sissel; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Strømmen, Kenneth; Almaas, Astrid; Nakstad, Britt; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Drevon, Christian A; Iversen, Per Ole & Westerberg, Ane Cecilie (2013). Enhanced nutritional support enables postnatal growth similar to normal in utero growth in very low birth weight infants.
• Mreihil, Khalaf; Madsen, Poul; Nakstad, Britt & Ebbesen, Finn (2013). Early formation of bilirubin photoisomers in neonatal jaundice correlates negatively with hemoglobin levels.
• Mreihil, Khalaf; Madsen, Poul; Saltythe-Bent, Jurate; Nakstad, Britt; Ebbesen, Finn & Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud (2013). Formation of bilirubin photoisomers during intensive phototherapy is not influenced by light source or irradiance.
• Strømmen, Kenneth; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Moltu, Sissel; Almaas, Astrid; Amlien, Inge; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Nakstad, Britt; Drevon, Christian A; Hol, Per Kristian; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Fjeld, Anders; Valhovd, KB & Iversen, Per Ole (2013). Enhanced Nutrition to very low birth weight infants improves nutrition of cerebral connective tracts.
• Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Nakstad, Britt & PreNu, group (2012). Bedret kognitv utvikling ettrt optimalisert næringstilførsel til premature barn.
• Moltu, Sissel; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Strømmen, Kenneth; Almaas, Astrid; Nakstad, Britt; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Brække, Kristin; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Drevon, Christian A; Iversen, Per Ole & Westerberg, Ane Cecilie (2012). Økt tilførsel av næring-stoffer gir bedret vekst hos svært premature barn.
• Strømmen, Kenneth; Blakstad, Elin Wahl; Moltu, Sissel; Almaas, Astrid; Westerberg, Ane Cecilie; Amlien, Inge; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Nakstad, Britt; Drevon, Christian A; Bjørnerud, Atle; Courivaud, Fredric A A; Hol, Per Kristian; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Fjell, Anders Martin; Walhovd, Kristine B & Iversen, Per Ole (2012). Enhanced Nutrition to Very Low Birth Weight Infants Improves Maturation of Cerebral Connective Tracts.
• Sletner, Line; Nakstad, Britt; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S; Mørkrid, Kjersti; Vangen, Siri; Birkeland, Kåre I. & Jenum, Anne Karen (2011). Ethnic differences in neonatal body composition in a multiethnic population in Oslo, Norway. The STORK-Groruddalen Study. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.  ISSN 2040-1744.  2, s S143- S143
• Solevag, Anne Lee; Dannevig, Ingrid; Wyckoff, Myra H.; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Nakstad, Britt (2011). A Trend Towards Higher Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid at a Compression: Ventilation Ratio of 15:2 Compared to 3:1 in Asphyxiated Newborn Piglets with Cardiac Arrest. Pub. 4519.270.
• Dannevig, Ingrid; NESSE, ANN LISBETH; Blomhoff, Rune; Nakstad, Britt & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (2010). Phytochemicals Can Reduce mRNA Levels of TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 in Brain When Reoxygenating Asphyxlated Newborn Pigs with 100% Oxygen.
• Dannevig, Ingrid; Solevåg, Anne Lee; Atneosen-Åsegg, Monica; Nakstad, Britt & Saugstad, Ola Didrik (2010). Resuscitation of Newborn Pigs with 21% Oxygen Can Reduce Brain Levels of IL-6 and TNF-alfa Compared to 100% Oxygen in a Model with Severe Asphyxia.

View all works in Cristin