Harald Lindberg

• Quattrone, Alessia; Lie, Øyvind Haugen; Nestaas, Eirik; de Lange, Charlotte; Try, Kirsti; Lindberg, Harald L; Skulstad, Helge; Erikssen, Gunnar; Edvardsen, Thor; Haugaa, Kristina & Estensen, Mette-Elise (2021). Impact of pregnancy and risk factors for ventricular arrhythmias in women with tetralogy of Fallot. Open heart.  ISSN 2053-3624.  8(1) . doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001400 Show summary

  Objective: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have high survival rates 30 years after surgical repair. Many patients experience pregnancy; however, the effects of pregnancy on the long-term cardiovascular outcome are not well known. We investigated the association of pregnancy and cardiac function with occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in women with TOF. Methods: We recruited 80 women with repaired TOF from the national database. Holter monitoring or implanted devices detected VA, defined as non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia or aborted cardiac arrest. All patients underwent echocardiography. Blood tests included NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide). Results: 55 (69%) women had experienced pregnancy. Mean age was lower in nulliparous compared with those with children (30±9 vs 40±9, p<0.01).VA had occurred in 17 (21%) women. Prevalence of VA was higher in women who had experienced pregnancy (n=16, 94%) compared with nulliparous (n=1, 6%) (p=0.02), also when adjusted for age (OR 12.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 113.2), p=0.02).Right ventricular mechanical dispersion was more pronounced in patients with VA (50±8 ms vs 39±14 ms, p=0.01, age-adjusted OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.5), p=0.01). NT-proBNP was also a marker of VA (211 ng/L (127 to 836) vs 139 ng/L (30 to 465), p=0.007). NT-proBNP >321 ng/L (normal values <170 ng/L) detected women with VA (p=0.019), also independent of age (OR 7.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 30.1), p=0.007). Conclusion: Pregnancy was associated with higher prevalence of VA among women with TOF. Right ventricular mechanical dispersion and NT-proBNP were age-independent markers of VA. These may have importance for pregnancy counselling and risk stratification. Keywords: Fallots tetralogy; arrhythmias; echocardiography

• Suther, Lene Kathrine R; Hopp, Einar; Geier, Oliver; Brun, Henrik; Nguyen, Bac; Tomterstad, Anders; Smevik, Bjarne; Fiane, Arnt E; Lindberg, Harald L & de Lange, Charlotte (2019). Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in adolescents operated with arterial switch for transposition of the great arteries - A CMR study. International Journal of Cardiology.  ISSN 0167-5273.  276, s 100- 106 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.11.107 Full text in Research Archive.
• Andresen, Brith; Døhlen, Gaute; Diep, Lien My; Lindberg, Harald L; Fosse, Erik & Andersen, Marit Helen (2018). Psychosocial and clinical outcomes of percutaneous versus surgical pulmonary valve implantation. Open heart.  ISSN 2053-3624.  5(1) . doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000758 Full text in Research Archive.
• Erikssen, Gunnar; Aboulhosn, Jamil; Lin, Jeannette; Liestøl, Knut; Estensen, Mette-Elise; Gjesdal, Ola; Skulstad, Helge; Døhlen, Gaute & Lindberg, Harald L (2018). Survival in patients with univentricular hearts: The impact of right versus left ventricular morphology. Open heart.  ISSN 2053-3624.  5:e000902(2), s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000902 Full text in Research Archive.
• Möller, Thomas; Lindberg, Harald L; Samersaw-Lund, May Brit; Holmstrøm, Henrik; Døhlen, Gaute & Thaulow, Erik (2018). Right ventricular pressure response to exercise in adults with isolated ventricular septal defect closed in early childhood. Cardiology in the Young.  ISSN 1047-9511.  28(6), s 797- 803 . doi: 10.1017/S1047951117002979 Full text in Research Archive.
• Suther, Lene Kathrine R; Hopp, Einar; Smevik, Bjarne; Fiane, Arnt E; Lindberg, Harald L; Larsen, Stig & de Lange, Charlotte (2018). Can visual analogue scale be used in radiologic subjective image quality assessment?. Pediatric Radiology.  ISSN 0301-0449.  48, s 1567- 1575 . doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4187-8 Full text in Research Archive.
• Andresen, Brith; Mishra, Vinod Kumar; Lewandowska, Milena; Andersen, Jack Gunnar; Andersen, Marit Helen; Lindberg, Harald L; Døhlen, Gaute & Fosse, Erik (2017). In-hospital cost comparison between percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation and surgery. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 1010-7940.  51(4), s 747- 753 . doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw378 Full text in Research Archive.
• van Melle, Joost P.; Wolff, Djoeke; Hörer, Jurgen; Belli, Emre; Meyns, Bart; Padalino, Massimo; Lindberg, Harald L; Jacobs, Jeffrey P.; Mattila, Ilkka P.; Berggren, Håkan; Berger, Rolf M.F.; Pretre, Rene; Hazekamp, Mark G.; Helvind, Morten; Nosal, Matej; Tlaskal, Tomas; Rubay, Jean; Lazarov, Stojan; Kadner, Alexander; Hraska, Viktor; Fragata, Jose; Pozzi, Marco; Sarris, George; Michielon, Guido; Di Carlo, Duccio & Ebels, Tjark (2016). Surgical options after Fontan failure. Heart.  ISSN 1355-6037.  102(14), s 1127- 1133 . doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309235
• Arrigoni, Sara C.; Van Den Heuvel, Freek; Willems, Tineke P.; Hillege, Hans; Lindberg, Harald L; Berger, Rolf MF & Ebels, Tjark (2015). Off-pump hepatic to azygos connection via thoracotomy for relief of fistulas after a Kawashima procedure: Ten-year results. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.  ISSN 0022-5223.  149(6), s 1524- 1530 . doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.02.049
• Erikssen, Gunnar; Liestøl, Knut; Seem, Egil; Birkelance, Sigurce; Saatvedt, Kjell; Nilsen-Hoel, Tom; Døhlen, Gaute; Skulstad, Helge; Svennevig, Jan Ludvig; Thaulow, Erik & Lindberg, Harald L (2015). Achievements in congenital heart defect surgery: A prospective, 40-year study of 7038 patients. Circulation.  ISSN 0009-7322.  131, s 337- 346 . doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012033
• Michielon, Guido; Van Melle, Jost P; Wolff, Djoeke; Di Carlo, Duccio; Jacobs, Jeffrey P; Mattila, Ilkka P; Berggren, Håkan; Lindberg, Harald L; Padalino, Massimo A.; Meyns, Bart; Pretre, Rene; Helvind, Morten; Carrel, Thierry & Ebels, Tjark (2015). Favourable mid-term outcome after heart transplantation for late Fontan failure. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 1010-7940.  47(4), s 665- 671 . doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu280
• Andresen, Brith; Andersen, Marit Helen; Lindberg, Harald L; Døhlen, Gaute & Fosse, Erik (2014). Perceived health after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: In-depth interviews of patients and next-of-kin. BMJ Open.  ISSN 2044-6055.  4(7) . doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005102 Full text in Research Archive.
• Neukamm, Ernst Christian; Lindberg, Harald L; Try, Kirsti; Døhlen, Gaute & Norgård, Gunnar (2014). Pulmonary valve replacement with a bovine pericardial valve: a five year follow-up study. World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery.  ISSN 2150-1351.  5(4), s 534- 450 . doi: 10.1177/2150135114542165
• Vida, Vladimiro L.; Torregrossa, Gianluca; de Franceschi, Marco; Padalino, Massimo A.; Belli, Emre; Berggren, Hakan; Cicek, Sertac; Ebels, Tjark; Fragata, Jose; Nilsen-Hoel, Tom; Horer, Jurgen; Hraska, Viktor; Kostolny, Martin; Lindberg, Harald L; Mueller, Christoph; Pretre, Rene; Rosser, Barbra; Rubay, Jean; Schreiber, Christian; Speggiorin, Simone; Tlaskal, Tomas & Stellin, Giovanni (2013). Pediatric Coronary artery revascularization: a European multicenter study. Annals of Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 0003-4975.  s 898- 903 . doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.05.006
• Holmstrøm, Henrik Alf B; Bjørnstad, Per G; Smevik, Bjarne & Lindberg, Harald L (2012). Balloon dilatation of pulmonary artery banding: Norwegian experience over more than 20 years. European Heart Journal.  ISSN 0195-668X.  33(1), s 61- 66 . doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp406
• Lindberg, Harald L (2012). Pediatric cardiac surgery and safety, in the past and in the future. Progress in pediatric cardiology.  ISSN 1058-9813.  33, s 11- 13 . doi: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2011.12.002
• Rashidi, Mitra; Nilsen-Hoel, Tom; Fiane, Arnt E & Lindberg, Harald L (2012). Combined Repair of Upper Sternal Cleft and Transposition of the Great Arteries in a Newborn. Annals of Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 0003-4975.  94(5), s 1722- 1724 . doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.02.097
• Horjen, Anja Wiedswang; Tungusov, D; Chernov, I; Lindberg, Harald L; Shonbin, A; Abdelnoor, Michael; Wiseth, Rune & Lie, Mons (2011). Pediatric cardiac surgery in Northern Russia. Results from an international cooperative program. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal.  ISSN 1401-7431.  45(3), s 187- 192 . doi: 10.3109/14017431.2011.566934
• Lindberg, Harald L; Saatvedt, Kjell; Seem, Egil; Nilsen-Hoel, Tom & Birkelance, Sigurce (2011). Single-center 50 years' experience with surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 1010-7940.  40(3), s 538- 542 . doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.12.065
• Neukamm, Ernst Christian; Bjørnstad, Per G; Fischer, Gunther; Smevik, Bjarne & Lindberg, Harald L (2011). A Novel Method of Hybrid Intraoperative Catheter-Based Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects Using the Amplatzer (R) PDA Occluder. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions.  ISSN 1522-1946.  77(4), s 557- 563 . doi: 10.1002/ccd.22649
• Neukamm, Ernst Christian; Døhlen, Gaute; Lindberg, Harald L; Seem, Egil & Norgård, Gunnar (2011). Eight years of pulmonary valve replacement with a suggestion of a promising alternative. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal.  ISSN 1401-7431.  45(1), s 41- 47 . doi: 10.3109/14017431.2010.519401
• Saatvedt, Kjell; Nilsen-Hoel, Tom; Westvik, Jostein & Lindberg, Harald L (2011). Correction of postpneumonectomy syndrome in infants with saline-filled expandable prosthesis. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 1569-9293.  13(1), s 89- 90 . doi: 10.1510/icvts.2010.261164
• Thiara, Amrit Paul Singh; Eggereide, V; Pedersen, T; Lindberg, Harald L & Fiane, Arnt E (2010). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Dideco's paediatric cardiopulmonary circuit for neonates weighing less than five kilograms. Perfusion.  ISSN 0267-6591.  25(4), s 229- 235 . doi: 10.1177/0267659110375645
• Eggum, Rune; Ueland, Thor; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Videm, Vibeke; Fiane, Arnt E; Aukrust, Pål & Lindberg, Harald L (2010). Perfusion temperature, thyroid horomones and inflammation during pediatric cardiac surgery. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 1569-9293.  10, s 76- 80 . doi: 10.1510/icvts.2009.213876
• Eggum, R; Ueland, T; Mollnes, TE; Videm, Vibeke; Aukrust, P; Fiane, AE & Lindberg, HL (2008). Effect of perfusion temperature on the inflammatory response during pediatric cardiac surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 0003-4975.  85(2), s 611- 617 . doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.10.062
• Jacobs, JP; O'Brien, SM; Chai, PJ; Morell, VO; Lindberg, Harald & Quintessenza, JA (2008). Management of 239 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related malformations from 1993 to 2007. Annals of Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 0003-4975.  85, s 1691- 1697 . doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.01.057
• Pettersen, Eirik; Lindberg, Harald; Smith, Hans-Jørgen; Smevik, Bjarne; Edvardsen, Thor; Smiseth, Otto A. & Andersen, Kai (2008). Left ventricular function in patients with transposition of the great arteries operated with atrial switch. Pediatric Cardiology.  ISSN 0172-0643.  29(3), s 597- 603 . doi: 10.1007/s00246-007-9156-1 Show summary

  In patients operated with atrial switch for transposition of the great arteries (TGA), the left ventricle (LV) supports the pulmonary circulation and is thus pressure unloaded. Evaluation of LV function in this setting is of importance, as LV functional abnormalities have been documented and might contribute to development of symptoms. The ventricular contraction pattern in 14 Senning-operated TGA patients and 14 healthy controls was studied using tissue Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging. In the subpulmonary LV free wall, longitudinal strain was greater than circumferential strain (-23.6 +/- 3.6% vs. -19.1 +/- 3.2%, p = 0.002) as in the normal right ventricle (RV) (-30.7 +/- 3.3% vs. -15.8 +/- 1.3%, p < 0.001), but opposite to findings in the normal LV (-16.5 +/- 1.7% vs. -25.7 +/- 3.1%, p < 0.001). Subpulmonary strain and strain rate values were intermediate between those in the normal LV and RV. Ventricular free-wall torsion was reduced in the subpulmonary LV compared with both the normal LV (5.7 +/- 3.2 degrees vs. 16.7 +/- 5.6 degrees , p < 0.001) and RV (5.7 +/- 3.2 degrees vs. 11.4 +/- 2.6 degrees , p < 0.05). Furthermore, early diastolic filling of the subpulmonary LV differed from that of the normal LV. The subpulmonary LV displayed predominantly longitudinal shortening, as did its functional counterpart, the normal RV. However, the degree and rate of both longitudinal and circumferential shortening were intermediate between those of the normal LV and RV. This could represent a partial adaptation to the reduced pressure load. Decreased ventricular torsion and diastolic abnormalities might indicate subclinical ventricular dysfunction.

• Cohen, MS; Jacobs, JP; Quintessenza, JA; Chai, PJ; Lindberg, Harald; Dickey, J & Ungerleider, RM (2007). Mentorship, learning curves, and balance. Cardiology in the Young.  ISSN 1047-9511.  17, s 164- 174 . doi: 10.1017/S1047951107001266
• Dahle, Gry; Fiane, Arnt E & Lindberg, Harald (2007). ALCAPA, a possible reason for mitral insufficiency and heart failure in young patient. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal.  ISSN 1401-7431.  41, s 51- 58
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Kirurgisk behandling av medfødt hjertefeil, I: Kolbjørn Forfang & Knut Rasmussen (red.),  Det norske hjerte. Norsk hjertemedisins historie.  Universitetsforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-15-00891-2.  Kaptitel 14.  s 171 - 182
• Pettersen, Eirik; Helle-Valle, Thomas; Edvardsen, Thor; Lindberg, Harald; Smith, Hans-Jørgen; Smevik, Bjarne; Smiseth, Otto A. & Andersen, Kai (2007). Contraction pattern of the systemic right ventricle - Shift from longitudinal to circumferential shortening and absent global ventricular torsion. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.  ISSN 0735-1097.  49, s 2450- 2456 . doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.062
• Stubberud, Erik; Jacobs, JP; Harmel, RP; Andrews, Thomas; Chai, Paul J; Lindberg, Harald & Quintessenza, James Anthony (2007). Successful Reconstruction of Traumatic Carinal Tissue Loss Using the Esophagus in an Infant. Annals of Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 0003-4975.  84(3), s 1031- 1033
• Vida, VL; Berggren, H; Brawn, WJ; Daenen, W; Carlo, DD; Donato, RD; Lindberg, Harald; Corno, AF; Fragata, J; Elliot, M; Hraska, V; Kiraly, L; Lacour-Gayet, F; Maruszewski, B; Rubay, J; Sairanen, H; Sarris, G; Urban, A; Doorn, CV; Ziemer, G & Stellin, G (2007). Risk of Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult: A Multicentered European Study. Annals of Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 0003-4975.  83, s 161- 168
• Meberg, Alf; Lindberg, Harald & Thaulow, Erik (2005). Congenital heart defects: The patients who die. Acta Paediatrica.  ISSN 0803-5253.  94 Show summary

  Aims: To register mortality and causes of death in patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods: Prospective population-based observational study. Results: 553 infants with CHD (1.1% of live born) were observed for 1-22 y (median 10 7/12 y). Sixty-four died (11.6%), of whom 32 (50%) died during the first 4 wk, and 51 (79.7%) during the first year of life. Of the total neonatal deaths in the population (3 per 1000), CHDs occurred in 21.5%. Mortality for children with CHDs was not significantly different between the cohorts born in 1982-1991 and 1992-2002, for either neonatal deaths or deaths later on (p>0.05). Out of 170 patients in whom therapeutic procedures (surgery, catheter interventions) were undertaken, 34 (20%) died. Nine cases (1.6%) died with unrecognized CHDs; seven of these on the first day of life with severe extracardiac malformations. In 50 (78.1%) cases, death was judged to be caused directly or indirectly from the CHD, and in 14 (21.9%) from extracardiac malformations or other conditions.Conclusion: CHDs occur in a substantial number of neonatal deaths. Most deaths are caused by cardiac insufficiency. The mortality rate remained unchanged.

• Holmstrøm, Henrik; Hall, Christian; Stokke, Oddvar; Lindberg, Harald L & Thaulow, Erik (1999). Elevation of atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone. Hemodynamic background of the elevation of N-terminal natriuretic peptide prohormone in children with congenital heart disease. Cardiology in the Young.  ISSN 1047-9511.  9(2), s 141- 9
• Holmstrøm, Henrik; Hall, Christian; Stokke, Oddvar; Lindberg, Harald L & Thaulow, Erik (1999). Measurements of N-terminal proatrial natriuretic factor in children. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  119(19), s 2838- 41
• Holmstrøm, Henrik; Hall, Christian; Stokke, Oddvar; Lindberg, Harald L & Thaulow, Erik (1996). Serum N-terminal proatrial natriuretic factor in children with congenital heart disease. European Heart Journal.  ISSN 0195-668X.  17(11), s 1737- 46
• Lundar, Tryggve; Lindberg, Harald L; Lindegaard, Karl-Fredrik; Tjønneland, Steinar; Rian, Renate; Bø, Gunnar & Nornes, Helge (1987). Cerebral perfusion during major cardiac surgery in children. Pediatric Cardiology.  ISSN 0172-0643.  8(3), s 161- 165
• Lundar, Tryggve; Frøysaker, Tor; Lindegaard, Karl-Fredrik; Wiberg, Jan; Lindberg, Harald L; Rostad, Hans & Nornes, Helge (1985). Some observations on cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Annals of Thoracic Surgery.  ISSN 0003-4975.  Apr 39(4), s 318- 323

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• Suther, Lene Kathrine R; Hopp, Einar; Geier, Oliver; Brun, Henrik; Nguyen, Bac; Tomterstad, Anders Høye; Larsen, Stig; Smevik, Bjarne; Lindberg, Harald L; Fiane, Arnt E & de Lange, Charlotte (2017). 3T MR T1 mapping after arterial switch operation in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA).
• Mcleod, Kristin; Suther, Lene Kathrine R; Brun, Henrik; Smevik, Bjarne; Fiane, Arnt E; Lindberg, Harald L; Hopp, Einar & de Lange, Charlotte (2016). Ventricular Shape In TGA Patients Differs Significantly From Controls..
• Ryden Suther, Lene Kathrine; Hopp, Einar; Brun, Henrik; Larsen, Stig; Nguyen, Bac; Tomterstad, Anders Høye; Smevik, Bjarne; Lindberg, Harald L & de Lange, Charlotte (2016). Image quality assessment of 3T MR coronary angiography (3D SSFP) in patients operated for transposition of the great arteries with three qualitative methods..
• Skulstad, Helge; Erikssen, Gunnar; Estensen, Mette-Lise & Lindberg, Harald L (2013). Insufficient long term follow up and risk for aneurism in patients operated with Dacron patch for coarctatio aortae. European Heart Journal.  ISSN 0195-668X.  34, s 377- 377
• Lindberg, Harald L (2012). 50 Years of Operating on TGA.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2012). A 25-years follow-up on cohort of patients undergoing open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease in a single center.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2012). Hjertekirurgi i Norge.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2012). Patient Safety in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2012). TGA in Norway.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2012). VAD in CHD.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2011). DORV-double outlet right ventricle.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2011). Databaser og registre.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2011). Diseases of the Aortic Arch.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2011). HLHS in Norway-a national cohort study.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2011). Hjertekirurgi i Norge.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2011). PDA-persistent ductus arteriosus.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2011). Surgery for left atrio-ventricular valve regurgitation.
• Lindberg, Harald L & Saatvedt, Kjell (2009). Correction of postpneumonectomy syndrome in infants with saline filled expandable prosthesis. Show summary

  Abstract Postpneumonectomy syndrome refers to a condition where mediastinal shift and rotation gives rise to airway obstruction. The syndrome is more common after right pneumonectomy and the shift may be more pronounced in children than in adults probably because the softer structures in children. (1,2). We report two infants who underwent right pneumonectomy in infancy and developed postpneumonectomy syndrome with obstruction of the left main bronchus causing sever airway obstruction in one patient and severe gastrointestinal reflux due to a displaced and grossly dilated oesophagus in the other patient. Both patients were operated with implantation of expandable breast prosthesis. In one of the patients the volume of the prosthesis had to be reduced twice in the early postoperative period due to compression of mediastinal structures. Both patients are discharged from hospital and presently without symptoms.

• Fiane, Arnt E; Sørensen, Gro; Gude, Einar; Hagemo, Petter S. & Lindberg, Harald L (2009). Første norske erfaring med intern kontinuerlig flow LVAD hos barn med alvorlig hjertesvikt.
• Lindberg, Harald L (2009). Fifty years of surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot. Show summary

  Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate patients with a diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and related congenital malformations undergoing surgery in our Department since the start of treating patients with tetralogy of Fallot in the early fifties. Methods: Operative protocols, patient records and the database of the department were evaluated for more than fifty years. The official death registry of Norway was used for follow up. The follow up is 99.6%. Results: A total of 627 patients were found. Of these, 571 could be identified for follow-up and are included in the study by having a surgical procedure during the inclusion time period. There were a total of 41 early and 30 late deaths. 264 patients underwent some form of palliative procedure as their first treatment. 541 patients had a reparative procedure performed, with an EM of 31 (5.7 %). Conclusions: Surgical treatment of the Tetralogy of Fallot and related congenital cardiac malformations has good long term prognosis. In this cohort of patients more than one third (185 out of 541) required additional procedures later on, in some cases as many as four additional surgeries. • Palliative procedures followed by repair does not increase risk of re-repair • There are no differences between transatrial vs. transventricular repair on survival or re-repair • Any transannular procedure increases the risk of re-repair, but does not influence long time survival • The hazard of death and/or re-repair is almost linear up to fifty years

• Lindberg, Harald L; Seem, Egil; Hoel, Tom Nielsen; Birkeland, Sigurd & Saatvedt, Kjell (2009). Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot. A single center experience. Show summary

  AIM OF STUDY: To evaluate all patients with a diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and related congenital malformations (Double Outlet Right Ventricle of TOF type, Pulmonary Atresia of TOF type, TOF with absent Pulmonary Valve, TOF with AV-canal) surgically treated in our Department during the period 1979 through 2007. METHODS: Patient records and the database of the department were evaluated, including earlier procedures performed in all patients. The official death registry of Norway was used for follow up RESULTS: A total of 420 patients were included in the study. There were 22 early and 23 late deaths. 399 patients have had a reparative procedure performed, with an EM of 11 (2,75 %). 151 cases has undergone a second repair, 47 have had a third operation performed, ten patients have been operated for a 4th time. Only three patients have been operated on with sternotomy for the 5th time. Mortality in this group was 15 early and 14 late. Our current policy is to do a primary repair at any age if the pulmonary valve is of adequate size. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of the Tetralogy of Fallot and related congenital cardiac malformations has been performed for a long time with good results in our Department. In this cohort of patients almost 40% required additional procedures later on, in some cases as many as four additional surgeries. Reoperations carries a low risk in the second and third procedure, but may be more hazardous doing sternotomy for the fourth or fifth time.

• Geiran, Odd; Bjørtuft, Øystein; Lindberg, Harald; Seem, Egil; Fiane, Arnt E; Birkeland, Sigurd & Leivestad, Torbjørn (2008). 17 years experiences with lungtransplantation in Norway.
• Geiran, Odd; Simonsen, Svein; Lindberg, Harald; Seem, Egil; Fiane, Arnt E; Rein, Kjell Arne; Andreassen, Arne K.; Gullestad, Lars; Hagemo, Petter S. & Leivestad, Torbjørn (2008). 24 years experiences with heart transplantation in Norway.
• Lindberg, Harald; Jacobs, JP; Birkeland, Sigurd & Quintessenza, JA (2008). Bruk av pulmonalarteriens vegg som en viabel, bicuspid klaff (video).
• Nilsen-Hoel, Tom; Saatvedt, Kjell; Birkeland, Sigurd; Seem, Egil & Lindberg, Harald (2008). Minimal tilgang med åpen hjertekirurgi for medfødte hjertefeil hos barn.
• Saatvedt, Kjell; Seem, Egil; Birkeland, Sigurd; Nilsen-Hoel, Tom & Lindberg, Harald (2008). Unilateral lungevenestenose og livstruende pulmonalhypertensjon.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Adult Congenital Heart Disease.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Adult Congenital Heart Disease.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Adult Congenital Heart Disease.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Adult Congenital heart disease (ACHD) or grown up congenital heart disease (GUCH). A surgeon`s view.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Adult Congential Heart Disease.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Adult Congential Heart Disease.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Adult congenital heart disease or grown up congenital heart disease. A surgeon`s view.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Bob Andersen Retirement Symposium.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). Reoperations in congenital heart surgery - current prevalence and future implications.
• Lindberg, Harald (2007). The role of aggressive perioperative enteral feeding in HLHS and related malformations.
• Vinnem, Jan-Erik & Lindberg, Harald (2007). Kraft fra land til petorleumsvirksomheten, overordnet vurdering av sikkerhet og arbeidsmiljø.
• Gasiavelis, Nikolaos; Geiran, Odd; Seem, Egil; Saatvedt, Kjell; Birkeland, Sigurd & Lindberg, Harald (2005). KLAFFEBEVARENDE RESEKSJON AV AORTAROTEN. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger.  ISSN 0801-5902.
• Hoel, T. Nilsen; Geiran, Odd; Seem, Egil; Saatvedt, Kjell; Birkeland, Sigurd & Lindberg, Harald (2005). GRAFTREKONSTRUKSJON AV AORTA ASCENDENS HOS BARN. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger.  ISSN 0801-5902.
• Lindberg, Harald; Seem, Egil; Saatvedt, Kjell & Birkeland, Sigurd (2004). Kirurgisk behandling av medfødt forsnevring i aortabue/isthmus aortae i et tidsperspektiv. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger.  ISSN 0801-5902.  s 351- 351
• Nilsen-Hoel, Tom; Seem, Egil & Lindberg, Harald (2004). Nordic VAD experiences.
• Nilsen-Hoel, Tom; Seem, Egil; Svennevig, Jan Ludvig; Geiran, Odd & Lindberg, Harald (2004). VAD behandling ved Thoraxkirurgisk avdeling, Rikshospitalet. Erfaringer med mekanisk assistert sirkulasjon etter operasjon for medfødte hjertefeil. Vitenskapelige forhandlinger - De norske kirurgiske foreninger.  ISSN 0801-5902.  s 361
• Pettersen, Eirik; Andersen, Kai; Smevik, Bjarne; Smith, Hans-Jørgen; Edvardsen, Thor; Smiseth, Otto A. & Lindberg, Harald (2004). A shift from longitudinal to circumferential cotraction in the systemic right ventricle after atrial switch for transposition of the great arteries - A strain Doppler echocardiographic study. European Heart Journal-Cardiovascular Imaging.  ISSN 2047-2404.  5, s 76

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