Hanne Flinstad Harbo

• Aamodt, Anne Hege; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Eldøen, Guttorm; Barratt-Due, Andreas & Aukrust, Pål (2020). Hvordan påvirkes hjernen ved covid-19?. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  140(10), s 968- 969 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0444
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Eriksson, Anna Maria; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Vitelli, Valeria; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Luders, Torben; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Nilsen, Hilde & Bos-Haugen, Steffan Daniël (2020). CD8 + T cell gene expression analysis identifies differentially expressed genes between multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Experimental, Translational and Clinical.  ISSN 2055-2173. . doi: 10.1177/2055217320978511 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Brune, Synne; Høgestøl, Einar August; Cengija, Vanja; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Sowa, Piotr; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Beyer, Mona K. (2020). LesionQuant for assessment of MRI in multiple sclerosis—A promising supplement to the visual scan inspection. Frontiers in Neurology.  ISSN 1664-2295.  11:546744, s 1- 10 . doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.546744 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Cellerino, Maria; Ivaldi, Frederico; Pardini, Matteo; Rotta, Gianluca; Vila, Gemma; Bäcker-Koduah, Priscilla; Berge, Tone; Laroni, Alice; Lapucci, Caterina; Novi, Giovanni; Boffa, Giacomo; Sbragia, Elvira; Palmeri, Serena; Aassayer, Susanna; Høgestøl, Einar August; Campi, Cristina; Piana, Michele; Inglese, Matilde; Friedemann, Paul; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Villoslada, Pablo; Kerlero de Rosbo, Nicole & Uccelli, Antonio (2020). Impact of treatment on cellular immunophenotype in MS: A cross-sectional study. Neurology: Neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation.  ISSN 2332-7812.  7:e693, s 1- 13 . doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000693 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Bahrami, Shahram; van der Meer, Dennis; Agartz, Ingrid; Alnæs, Dag; Barch, Deanna M.; Baur-Streubel, Ramona; Bertolino, Alessandro; Beyer, Mona K.; Blasi, Giuseppe; Borgwardt, Stefan; Boye, Birgitte; Buitelaar, Jan; Bøen, Erlend; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Cervenka, Simon; Conzelmann, Annette; Coynel, David; di Carlo, Pasquale; Djurovic, Srdjan; Eisenacher, Sarah; Espeseth, Thomas; Fatouros-Bergman, Helena; Flyckt, Lena; Franke, Barbara; Frei, Oleksandr; Gelao, Barbara; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hartman, Catharina A.; Håberg, Asta; Heslenfeld, Dirk; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Høgestøl, Einar August; Jonassen, Rune; Jönsson, Erik Gunnar; Kirsch, Peter; Kloszewska, Iwona; Lagerberg, Trine Vik; Landrø, Nils Inge; Le Hellard, Stephanie; Lesch, Klaus-Peter; Maglanoc, Luigi Angelo; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Mecocci, Patrizia; Melle, Ingrid; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Moberget, Torgeir; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Nyberg, Lars; O`Connell, Kevin; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Papalino, Marco; Papassotiropoulos, Andreas; Pauli, Paul; Pergola, Giulio; Persson, Karin Ester Torun; de Quervain, Dominique; Reif, Andreas; Rokicki, Jaroslav; Van Rooij, Daan; Shadrin, Alexey A.; Schmidt, André; Schwarz, Emanuel; Selbæk, Geir; Sowa, Piotr; Soininen, Hilkka; Steen, Vidar Martin; Vellas, Bruno; Tsolaki, Magda; Wang, Lei; Westman, Eric; Ziegler, Georg C.; Zink, Mathias; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Kaufmann, Tobias (2020). The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  11 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17376-1 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Brainstem regions support vital bodily functions, yet their genetic architectures and involvement in common brain disorders remain understudied. Here, using imaging-genetics data from a discovery sample of 27,034 individuals, we identify 45 brainstem-associated genetic loci, including the first linked to midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes, and map them to 305 genes. In a replication sample of 7432 participants most of the loci show the same effect direction and are significant at a nominal threshold. We detect genetic overlap between brainstem volumes and eight psychiatric and neurological disorders. In additional clinical data from 5062 individuals with common brain disorders and 11,257 healthy controls, we observe differential volume alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease, supporting the relevance of brainstem regions and their genetic architectures in common brain disorders.

• Madireddy, Lohith; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Cotsapas, Chris; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Beecham, Ashley; McCauley, Jacob; Kim, Kicheol; Jia, Xiaoming; Santaniello, Adam; Caillier, Stacy J.; Andlauer, Till F.M.; Barcellos, Lisa F.; Berge, Tone; Bernardinelli, Luisa; Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo; Booth, David R.; Briggs, Farren; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Comabella, Manuel; Comi, Giancarlo; Cree, Bruce A.C.; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Dedham, Katrina; Duquette, Pierre; Efthimios, Dardiotis; Esposito, Federica; Fontaine, Bertrand; Gasperi, Christiane; Goris, An; Dubois, Bénédicte; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios; Haines, Jonathan; Hawkins, Clive; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hintzen, Rogier; Horakova, Dana; Isobe, Noriko; Kalra, Seema; Kira, Jun-ichi; Khalil, Michael; Kockum, Ingrid; Lill, Christina M.; Lincoln, Matthew R; Luessi, Felix; Martin, Roland; Oturai, Annette; Palotie, Aarno; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Henry, Roland; Saarela, Janna; Ivinson, Adrian; Olsson, Tomas; Taylor, Bruce V.; Stewart, Graeme J.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Compston, Alastair; Hauser, Stephen L.; Hafler, David A.; Zipp, Frauke; De Jager, Philip; Sawcer, Stephen; Oksenberg, Jorge R. & Baranzini, Sergio E. (2019). A systems biology approach uncovers cell-specific gene regulatory effects of genetic associations in multiple sclerosis. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  10:2236, s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09773-y Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Baranzini, Sergio E.; Santaniello, Adam; Shoostari, Parisa; Cotsapas, Chris; Wong, Garrett; Beecham, Ashley H.; James, Tojo; Replogle, Joseph; Vlachos, Ioannis S.; McCabe, Cristin; Pers, Tune H.; Brandes, Aaron; White, Charles; Keenan, Brendan; Cimpean, Maria; Winn, Phoebe; Panteliadis, Ioannis-Pavlos; Robbins, Allison; Andlauer, Till F.M.; Zarzycki, Onigiusz; Dubois, Benedicte; Goris, An; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Sellebjerg, Finn; Sørensen, Per Sølberg; Ullum, Henrik; Thørner, Lise Wegner; Saarela, Janna; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Damotte, Vincent; Fontaine, Bertrand; Guillot-Noel, Lena; Lathrop, Mark; Vukusic, Sandra; Berthele, Achim; Pongratz, Viola; Buck, Dorothea; Gasperi, Christiane; Graetz, Christiane; Grummel, Verena; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hoshi, Muni; Knier, Benjamin; Korn, Thomas S.; Lill, Christina M.; Luessi, Felix; Muhlau, Mark; Zipp, Frauke; Dardiotis, Efthimios; Agliardi, Cristina; Amoroso, Antonio; Barizzone, Nadia; Benedetti, Maria D.; Bernardinelli, Luisa; Cavalla, Paola; Clarelli, Ferdinando; Comi, Giancarlo; Cusi, Daniele; Esposito, Federica; Ferré, Laura; Galimberti, Daniela; Guaschino, Clara; Leone, Maurizio A.; Martinelli, Vittorio; Moiola, Lucia; Salvetti, Marco; Sorosina, Melissa; Vecchio, Domizia; Zauli, Andrea; Santoro, Silvia; Mancini, Nicasio; Zuccalà, Miriam; Mescheriakova, Julia; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Bos-Haugen, Steffan Daniël; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Comabella, Manuel; Montalban, Xavier; Alfredsson, Lars; Bomfim, Izaura L.; Gomez-Cabrero, David; Hillert, Jan; Jagodić, Maja; Lindén, Magdalena; Piehl, Fredrik; Jelcic, Ilijas; Martin, Roland; Sospedra, Mirela; Baker, Amie; Ban, Maria; Hawkins, Clive; Hysi, Pirro; Kalra, Seema; Karpe, Fredrik; Khadake, Jyoti; Lachance, Genevieve; Molyneux, Paul; Neville, Matthew; Thorpe, John; Bradshaw, Elizabeth; Caillier, Stacy J.; Calabresi, Peter; Cree, Bruce A.C.; Cross, Anne; Davis, Mary; de Bakker, Paul W.I.; Delgado, Silvia; Dembele, Marieme; Edwards, Keith; Fitzgerald, Kate; Frohlich, Irene Y.; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Haines, Jonathan L.; Hákonarson, Hákon H.; Kimbrough, Dorlan; Isobe, Noriko; Konidari, Ioanna; Lathi, Ellen; Lee, Michelle H.; Li, Taibo; An, David; Zimmer, Andrew; Madireddy, Lohith; Manrique, Clara P.; Mitrovic, Mitja; Olah, Marta; Patrick, Ellis; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Piccio, Laura; Schaefer, Cathy; Weiner, Howard; Lage, Kasper; Compston, Alastair; Hafler, David; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen L.; Stewart, Graeme; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios; Taylor, Bruce; Barcellos, Lisa F.; Booth, David; Hintzen, Rogier; Kockum, Ingrid; Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo; McCauley, Jacob L.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Oturai, Annette; Sawcer, Stephen; Ivinson, Adrian J.; Olsson, Tomas & de Jager, Philip L. (2019). Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility. Science.  ISSN 0036-8075.  365:eaav7188(6460), s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1126/science.aav7188 Vis sammendrag

  We analyzed genetic data of 47,429 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 68,374 control subjects and established a reference map of the genetic architecture of MS that includes 200 autosomal susceptibility variants outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), one chromosome X variant, and 32 variants within the extended MHC. We used an ensemble of methods to prioritize 551 putative susceptibility genes that implicate multiple innate and adaptive pathways distributed across the cellular components of the immune system. Using expression profiles from purified human microglia, we observed enrichment for MS genes in these brain-resident immune cells, suggesting that these may have a role in targeting an autoimmune process to the central nervous system, although MS is most likely initially triggered by perturbation of peripheral immune responses

• Benavent, Sigrid Aune de Rodez; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard; Etholm, Lars; Sowa, Piotr; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Drolsum, Liv; Laeng, Bruno; Kerty, Emilia & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen (2019). Neurodegenerative interplay of cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation and the retina in early multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology.  ISSN 1664-2295.  10, s 1- 9 . doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00507 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Berge, Tone; Eriksson, Anna; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Høgestøl, Einar August; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Døskeland, Anne Marie Simonne; Mjaavatten, Olav; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Berven, Frode (2019). Quantitative proteomic analyses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reveal differentially expressed proteins in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls. Clinical Proteomics.  ISSN 1542-6416.  16:19, s 1- 18 . doi: 10.1186/s12014-019-9241-5 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Eriksson, Anna Maria; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Barcellos, Lisa F; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Bos-Haugen, Steffan Daniël (2019). No differential gene expression for CD4+ T cells of MS patients and healthy controls. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Experimental, Translational and Clinical.  ISSN 2055-2173. . doi: 10.1177/2055217319856903
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Eriksson, Anna; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Barcellos, Lisa F.; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Bos, Steffan Daniel (2019). No differential gene expression for CD4+ T cells of MS patients and healthy controls.. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Experimental, Translational and Clinical.  ISSN 2055-2173.  5(2) . doi: 10.1177%2F2055217319856903 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Høgestøl, Einar August; Kaufmann, Tobias; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Beyer, Mona K.; Sowa, Piotr; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Kolskår, Knut-Kristian; Richard, Geneviève; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Westlye, Lars Tjelta (2019). Cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI brain scans reveal accelerated brain aging in multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology.  ISSN 1664-2295.  10:450, s 1- 9 . doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00450 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Høgestøl, Einar August; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Alnæs, Dag; Beyer, Mona K.; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2019). Symptoms of fatigue and depression is reflected in altered default mode network connectivity in multiple sclerosis. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  14(4) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210375 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kaufmann, Tobias; van der Meer, Dennis; Doan, Nhat Trung; Schwarz, Emanuel; Lund, Martina Jonette; Agartz, Ingrid; Alnæs, Dag; Barch, Deanna M.; Baur-Streubel, Ramona; Bertolino, Alessandro; Bettella, Francesco; Beyer, Mona K.; Bøen, Erlend; Borgwardt, Stefan; Brandt, Christine Lycke; Buitelaar, Jan; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Cervenka, Simon; Conzelmann, Annette; Còrdova Palomera, Aldo; Dale, Anders; de Quervain, Dominique J.F.; di Carlo, Pasquale; Djurovic, Srdjan; Dørum, Erlend Solberg; Eisenacher, Sarah; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Espeseth, Thomas; Fatouros-Bergman, Helena; Flyckt, Lena; Franke, Barbara; Frei, Oleksandr; Haatveit, Beathe; Håberg, Asta; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hartman, Catharina A; Heslenfeld, Dirk J; Hoekstra, Pieter J; Høgestøl, Einar August; Jernigan, Terry L.; Jonassen, Rune; Jönsson, Erik Gunnar; Kirsch, Peter; Kłoszewska, Iwona; Kolskår, Knut-Kristian; Landrø, Nils Inge; Le Hellard, Stephanie; Lesch, Klaus-Peter; Lovestone, Simon; Lundervold, Arvid; Lundervold, Astri; Maglanoc, Luigi Angelo; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Mecocci, Patrizia; Melle, Ingrid; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Moberget, Torgeir; Norbom, Linn Christin Bonaventure; Nordvik, Jan Egil; Nyberg, Lars; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Papalino, Marco; Papassotiropoulos, Andreas; Pauli, Paul; Pergola, Giulio; Persson, Karin Ester Torun; Richard, Geneviève; Rokicki, Jaroslav; Sanders, Anne-Marthe; Selbæk, Geir; Shadrin, Alexey A.; Smeland, Olav Bjerkehagen; Soininen, Hilkka; Sowa, Piotr; Steen, Vidar Martin; Tsolaki, Magda; Ulrichsen, Kristine Moe; Vellas, Bruno; Wang, Lei; Westman, Eric; Ziegler, Georg C.; Zink, Mathias; Andreassen, Ole Andreas & Westlye, Lars Tjelta (2019). Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain. Nature Neuroscience.  ISSN 1097-6256.  22(10), s 1617- 1623 . doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Rhead, Brooke; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Berge, Tone; Adams, Cameron; Quach, H.; Moen, Stine Marit; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Sangurdekar, Dipen; Bronson, Paola G.; Lea, Rodney A.; Burnard, Sean; Maltby, Vicky E.; Scott, Rodney J; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos-Haugen, Steffan Daniël & Barcellos, Lisa F (2019). Increased DNA methylation of SLFN12 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203. . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206511
• Akhmadeev, Konstantin; Houssein, Aya; Moussaoui, Said; Høgestøl, Einar August; Tutturen, Ingerid Maria Voorham; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Graves, Jennifer; Laplaud, David-Axel & Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine (2018). SVM-based tool to detect patients with multiple sclerosis using a commercial EMG sensor. Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop.  ISSN 1551-2282.  2018-July, s 376- 379 . doi: 10.1109/SAM.2018.8448391 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Kular, Lara; Liu, Yun; Ruhrmann, Sabrina; Zheleznyakova, Galina; Marabita, Francesco; Gomez-Cabrero, David; James, Tojo; Ewing, Ewoud; Lindén, Magdalena; Górnikiewicz, Bartosz; Aeinehband, Shahin; Stridh, Pernilla; Link, Jenny; Andlauer, Till F.M.; Gasperi, Christiane; Wiendl, Heinz; Zipp, Frauke; Gold, Ralf; Tackenberg, Björn; Weber, Frank; Hemmer, Bernhard; Strauch, Konstantin; Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie; Rawal, Rajesh; Schminke, Ulf; Schmidt, Carsten O.; Kacprowski, Tim; Franke, Andre; Laudes, Matthias; Dilthey, Alexander T.; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Tegnér, Jesper; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Oturai, Annette B.; Olafsson, Sigurgeir; Eggertsson, Hannes P.; Halldorsson, Bjarni V.; Hjaltason, Haukur; Olafsson, Elias; Jonsdottir, Ingileif; Stefansson, Kari; Olsson, Tomas; Piehl, Fredrik; Ekström, Tomas J.; Kockum, Ingrid; Feinberg, Andrew P. & Jagodic, Maja (2018). DNA methylation as a mediator of HLA-DRB1 15:01 and a protective variant in multiple sclerosis. Nature Communications.  ISSN 2041-1723.  9(1), s 1- 15 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04732-5 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Lindland, Elisabeth Margrete Stokke; Solheim, Anne Marit; Andreassen, Silje; Paulsen, Else Quist; Eikeland, Randi; Ljøstad, Unn; Mygland, Åse; Elsais, Ahmed; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Beyer, Mona K. (2018). Imaging in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Insight into Imaging.  ISSN 1869-4101.  9(5), s 833- 844 . doi: 10.1007/s13244-018-0646-x Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Mitrovic, Mitja; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Beecham, Ashley H.; Dankowski, Theresa; Goris, An; Dubois, Benedicte; D’hooghe, Marie B.; Lemmens, Robin; Van Damme, Philip; Bach Søndergaard, Helle; Sellebjerg, Finn; Soelberg Sorensen, Per; Ullum, Henrik; Thørner, Lise Wegner; Werge, Thomas; Saarela, Janna; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Damotte, Vincent; Fontaine, Bertrand; Guillot-Noel, Lena; Lathrop, Mark; Vukusik, Sandra; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Andlauer, Till F.M.; Pongratz, Viola; Buck, Dorothea; Gasperi, Christiane; Antonios, Bayas; Heesen, Christoph; Kümpfel, Tania; Linker, Ralf; Paul, Friedemann; Stangel, Martin; Tackenberg, Björn; Bergh, Florian Then; Warnke, Clemens; Wiendl, Heinz; Wildemann, Brigitte; Zettl, Uwe; Ziemann, Ulf; Tumani, Hayrettin; Gold, Ralf; Grummel, Verena; Hemmer, Bernhard; Knier, Benjamin; Lill, Christina M.; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Spurkland, Anne; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Cotsapas, Chris (2018). Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk. Cell.  ISSN 0092-8674.  175(6), s 1679- 1687 . doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.049 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Page, Christian; Vos, Linda; Rounge, Trine Ballestad; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Kulle, Bettina (2018). Assessing genome-wide significance for the detection of differentially methylated regions. Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology.  ISSN 1544-6115.  17(6) . doi: 10.1515/sagmb-2017-0050 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Rhead, Brooke; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Berge, Tone; Adams, Cameron; Quach, Hong; Moen, Stine Marit; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Sangurdekar, Dipen; Bronson, Paola G.; Lea, Rodney A.; Burnard, Sean; Maltby, Vicky E.; Scott, Rodney J; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Barcellos, Lisa F (2018). Increased DNA methylation of SLFN12 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  13(10) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206511 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Sowa, Piotr; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; White, Nathan S.; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Bartsch, Hauke; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Moen, Stine Marit; Bjørnerud, Atle; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Dale, Anders & Beyer, Mona K. (2018). Restriction spectrum imaging of white matter and its relation to neurological disability in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  s 1- 12 . doi: 10.1177/1352458518765671 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• de Rodez Benavent, Sigrid Aune; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Tønnesen, Siren; Sowa, Piotr; Landrø, Nils Inge; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Etholm, Lars; Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard; Drolsum, Liv; Kerty, Emilia; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen & Laeng, Bruno (2017). Fatigue and cognition: Pupillary responses to problem-solving in early multiple sclerosis patients. Brain and Behavior.  ISSN 2162-3279.  7 . doi: 10.1002/brb3.717 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Hedström, Anna Karin; Katsoulis, Michail; Hössjer, Ola; Bomfim, Izaura L.; Oturai, Annette; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Sellebjerg, Finn; Ullum, Henrik; Thørner, Lise Wegner; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Obradovic, Dragana; Gianfrancesco, Milena A.; Barcellos, Lisa F.; Schaefer, Catherine A.; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Olsson, Tomas & Alfredsson, Lars (2017). The interaction between smoking and HLA genes in multiple sclerosis: replication and refinement. European Journal of Epidemiology (EJE).  ISSN 0393-2990.  32, s 909- 919 . doi: 10.1007/s10654-017-0250-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Olafsson, Sigurgeir; Olafsson, S.; Stridh, Pernilla; Stridh, P.; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Ingason, Andrés; Ingason, Andres; Euesden, J; Euesden, Jack; Sulem, Patrick; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Gustafsson, O; Gustafsson, Omar; Geirsson, AJ; Jóhannesson, Ari J.; Geirsson, Arni J.; Thorsson, AV; Thorsson, Arni V.; Ludviksson, BR; Sigurgeirsson, Bardur; Olafsson, Elias; Jonasson, JG; Kristjansdottir, Helga; Olafsson, E; Jonasson, Jon G.; Kristjansdottir, H; Olafsson, JH; Ólafsson, Jón Hjaltalín; Orvar, KB; Benediktsson, Rafn; Bjarnason, Ragnar; Kristjansdottir, Sjofn; Gislason, Thorarin; Gislason, Thorarinn; Valdimarsson, T; Mikaelsdottir, E; Sigurdsson, S; Sigurdsson, Snaevar; Jonsson, S; Jonsson, Stefan; Rafnar, Thorunn; Aarsland, Dag; Djurovic, Srdjan; Fladby, Tormod; Knudsen, Gun Peggy S.; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Gröndal, Gerdur; Steinsson, K; Steinsson, Kristjan; Valdimarsson, Helgi; Bjornsson, Sigurdur; Bjornsdottir, US; Bjornsdottir, Unnur S.; Bjornsson, Einar S.; Nilsson, Björn; Nilsson, B; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Alfredsson, Lars; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Másson, Gísli; Masson, Gisli; Thorsteinssdottir, U; Stefánsson, Kári; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F.; Stefansson, H; Hjaltason, H; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Olsson, T; Jonsdottir, I & Stefansson, K (2017). Fourteen sequence variants that associate with multiple sclerosis discovered by meta-analysis informed by genetic correlations. NPJ GENOMIC MEDICINE.  ISSN 2056-7944.  2 . doi: 10.1038/s41525-017-0027-2 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  A meta-analysis of publicly available summary statistics on multiple sclerosis combined with three Nordic multiple sclerosis cohorts (21,079 cases, 371,198 controls) revealed seven sequence variants associating with multiple sclerosis, not reported previously. Using polygenic risk scores based on public summary statistics of variants outside the major histocompatibility complex region we quantified genetic overlap between common autoimmune diseases in Icelanders and identified disease clusters characterized by autoantibody presence/absence. As multiple sclerosis-polygenic risk scores captures the risk of primary biliary cirrhosis and vice versa (P = 1.6 x 10(-7), 4.3 x 10(-9)) we used primary biliary cirrhosis as a proxy-phenotype for multiple sclerosis, the idea being that variants conferring risk of primary biliary cirrhosis have a prior probability of conferring risk of multiple sclerosis. We tested 255 variants forming the primary biliary cirrhosis-polygenic risk score and found seven multiple sclerosis-associating variants not correlated with any previously established multiple sclerosis variants. Most of the variants discovered are close to or within immune-related genes. One is a low-frequency missense variant in TYK2, another is a missense variant in MTHFR that reduces the function of the encoded enzyme affecting methionine metabolism, reported to be dysregulated in multiple sclerosis brain.

• Sowa, Piotr; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Bjørnerud, Atle; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Beyer, Mona K. (2017). Magnetic resonance imaging perfusion is associated with disease severity and activity in multiple sclerosis. Neuroradiology.  ISSN 0028-3940.  59(7), s 655- 664 . doi: 10.1007/s00234-017-1849-4 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Berge, Tone; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Page, Christian; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Bjølgerud, Anja; Holmøy, Trygve; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Damoiseaux, J.; Smolders, J; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Spurkland, Anne (2016). The multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes TAGAP and IL2RA are regulated by Vitamin D in CD4+ T cells. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  17(2), s 118- 127 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2015.61
• Bos, Steffan Daniel; Berge, Tone; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2016). From genetic associations to functional studies in multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  23(5), s 847- 853 . doi: 10.1111/ene.12981
• Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Winsvold, Bendik K S; Moen, Stine Marit; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Zwart, John-Anker & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2016). Migraine and frequent tension-type headache are not associated with multiple sclerosis in a Norwegian case-control study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Experimental, Translational and Clinical.  ISSN 2055-2173.  2, s 1- 4 . doi: 10.1177/2055217316682976 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Keshari, Pankaj; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Aarseth, Jan Harald; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Berge, Tone (2016). Allelic imbalance of multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes IKZF3 and IQGAP1 in human peripheral blood. BMC Genetics.  ISSN 1471-2156.  17(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12863-016-0367-4
• Keshavan, Anisha; Paul, Friedemann; Beyer, Mona K.; Zhu, Alyssa H.; Papinutto, Nico; Shinohara, Russell T.; Stern, William; Amann, Michael; Bakshi, Rohit; Bischof, Antje; Carriero, Alessandro; Comabella, Manuel; Crane, Jason C.; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Demaerel, Philippe; Dubois, Bénédicte; Filippi, Massimo; Fleischer, Vinzenz; Fontaine, Bertrand; Gaetano, Laura; Goris, An; Graetz, Christiane; Gröger, Adriane; Groppa, Sergiu; Hafler, David A.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hemmer, Bernhard; Jordan, Kesshi; Kappos, Ludwig; Kirkish, Gina; Llufriu, Sara; Magon, Stefano; Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo; McCauley, Jacob L.; Montalban, Xavier; Mühlau, Mark; Pelletier, Daniel; Pattany, Pradip M.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Rocca, Maria A.; Rovira, Alex; Schlaeger, Regina; Saiz, Albert; Sprenger, Till; Stecco, Alessandro; Uitdehaag, Bernard M.J.; Villoslada, Pablo; Wattjes, Mike P.; Weiner, Howard; Wuerfel, Jens; Zimmer, Claus; Zipp, Frauke; Hauser, Stephen L.; Oksenberg, Jorge R. & Henry, Roland G. (2016). Power estimation for non-standardized multisite studies. NeuroImage.  ISSN 1053-8119.  134, s 281- 294 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.051
• Wang, Yunpeng; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Thompson, Wesley K.; Schork, Andrew J.; Bettella, Francesco; Witoelar, Aree; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Li, Wen; McEvoy, Linda K.; Djurovic, Srdjan; Desikan, Rahul S.; Dale, Anders & Andreassen, Ole Andreas (2016). Genetic overlap between multiple sclerosis and several cardiovascular disease risk factors.. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  22(14), s 1783- 1793 . doi: 10.1177/1352458516635873
• Moutsianas, Loukas; Jostins, Luke; Beecham, Ashley H.; Dilthey, Alexander T.; Xifara, Dionysia K.; Ban, Maria; Shah, Tejas S.; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Alfredsson, Lars; Anderson, Carl A.; Attfield, Katherine E.; Baranzini, Sergio E.; Barrett, Jeffrey; Binder, Thomas M.C.; Booth, David; Buck, Dorothea; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Cotsapas, Chris; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Dendrou, Calliope A.; Donnelly, Peter; Dubois, Bénédicte; Fontaine, Bertrand; Fugger, Lars; Goris, An; Gourraud, Pierr-Antoine; Graetz, Christiane; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Leslie, Stephen; Lill, Christina M.; Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Olsson, Tomas; Oturai, Annette; Saarela, Janna; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Spurkland, Anne; Taylor, Bruce; Winkelmann, Juliane; Zipp, Frauke; Haines, Jonathan L.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Spencer, Chris C.A.; Stewart, Graeme; Hafler, David A; Ivinson, Adrian J.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen L.; De Jager, Philip L.; Compston, Alastair; McCauley, Jacob L.; Sawcer, Stephen & McVean, Gil (2015). Class II HLA interactions modulate genetic risk for multiple sclerosis. Nature Genetics.  ISSN 1061-4036.  47(10), s 1107- 1113 . doi: 10.1038/ng.3395
• Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Wang, Yunpeng; Thompson, WK; Schork, AJ; Mattingsdal, Morten; Zuber, Verena; Bettella, Franscesco; Ripke, S; Kelsoe, JR; Kendler, KS; O'Donovan, MC; Sklar, P; McEvoy, LK; Desikan, RS; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Djurovic, Srdjan & Dale, Anders M. (2015). Genetic pleiotropy between multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder: differential involvement of immune-related gene loci. Molecular Psychiatry.  ISSN 1359-4184.  20(2), s 207- 214 . doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.195 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Berg-Hansen, Pål; Moen, Stine Marit; Sandvik, Leiv; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bakken, Inger Johanne; Stoltenberg, Camilla & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen (2015). Prevalence of multiple sclerosis among immigrants in Norway. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  21(6), s 695- 702 . doi: 10.1177/1352458514554055
• Bos, Steffan Daniel; Page, Christian; Kulle, Bettina; Elboudwarej, Emon; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Briggs, Farren; Quach, Hong; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Bjølgerud, Anja; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Barcellos, Lisa F. (2015). Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles indicate CD8+ T cell hypermethylation in multiple sclerosis. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10(3) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117403
• Eriksen, Agnete Bratsberg; Berge, Tone; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Spurkland, Anne; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil (2015). Retinoic acid enhances the levelels of IL-10 in TLR-stimulated B cells from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  278, s 11- 18 . doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.11.019
• Goris, An; Pauwels, Ine; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Van Son, Brechtje; Hilven, Kelly; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Aarseth, Jan Harald; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Barizzone, Nadia; Leone, Maurizio A.; Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli; Sorosina, Melissa; Liberatore, Giuseppe; Kockum, Ingrid; Olsson, Tomas; Hillert, Jan; Alfredsson, Lars; Bedri, Sahl Khalid; Hemmer, Bernhard; Buck, Dorothea; Berthele, Achim; Knier, Benjamin; Biberacher, Viola; Van Pesch, Vincent; Sindi, Christian; Oturai, Annette Bang; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Sellebjerg, Finn; Jensen, Poul Erik Hyldgaard; Comabella, Manuel; Montalban, Xavier; Pérez-Boza, Jennifer; Malhotra, Sunny; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Broadley, Simon; Slee, Mark; Taylor, Bruce; Kermode, Allan G.; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Sawcer, Stephen; Kulle, Bettina; Dubois, Bénédicte & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). Genetic variants are major determinants of CSF antibody levels in multiple sclerosis. Brain.  ISSN 0006-8950.  138(3), s 632- 643 . doi: 10.1093/brain/awu405
• Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Keshari, Pankaj Kumar; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Bjølgerud, Anja; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Berge, Tone (2015). Multiple sclerosis risk allele in CLEC16A acts as an expression quantitative trait locus for CLEC16A and SOCS1 in CD4+ T cells. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10>e0132957(7) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132957 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Nygaard, Gro Owren; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; de Rodez Benavent, Sigrid Aune; Sowa, Piotr; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Fjell, Anders Martin; Landrø, Nils Inge; Walhovd, Kristine B & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). A longitudinal study of disability, cognition and gray matter atrophy in early multiple sclerosis patients according to evidence of disease activity. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10(8) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135974 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Nygaard, Gro Owren; de Rodez Benavent, Sigrid Aune; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Laeng, Bruno; Sowa, Piotr; Damangir, Soheil; Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard; Etholm, Lars; Tønnesen, Siren; Kerty, Emilia; Drolsum, Liv; Landrø, Nils Inge & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen (2015). Eye and hand motor interactions with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in early multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.  ISSN 2211-0348.  4(6), s 585- 589 . doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.08.003
• Nygaard, Gro Owren; Walhovd, Kristine B; Sowa, Piotr; Chepkoech, Joy-Loi; Bjørnerud, Atle; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Landrø, Nils Inge; Damangir, Soheil; Spulber, Gabriela; Storsve, Andreas Berg; Kristiansen Beyer, Mona; Fjell, Anders Martin; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). Cortical thickness and surface area relate to specific symptoms in early relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  21(4), s 402- 414 . doi: 10.1177/1352458514543811
• Page, Christian; Baranzini, Sergio E.; Mevik, Bjørn-Helge; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Kulle, Bettina (2015). Assessing the Power of Exome Chips. PLOS ONE.  ISSN 1932-6203.  10(10) . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139642 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Seldin, Michael F.; Alkhairy, Omar K; Lee, Annette T.; Lamb, Janine; Sussman, Jon; Pirskanen-Matell, Ritva; Piehl, Fredrik; Verschuuren, Jan J. G. M; Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna; Szczudlik, Piotr; McKee, David; Maniaol, Angelina; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Melms, Arthur; Garchon, Henri-Jean; Willcox, Nicholas; Gregersen, Peter K & Hammarstrom, Lennart (2015). Genome-wide association study of late-onset myasthenia gravis: Confirmation of TNFRSF11A and identification of ZBTB10 and three distinct HLA associations. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass. Print).  ISSN 1076-1551.  21, s 769- 781 . doi: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00232 Vis sammendrag

  To investigate the genetics of late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG), we conducted a genome-wide association study imputation of >6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 532 LOMG cases (anti–acetylcholine receptor [AChR] antibody positive; onset age ≥50 years) and 2,128 controls matched for sex and population substructure. The data confirm reported TNFRSF11A associations (rs4574025, P = 3.9 × 10–7, odds ratio [OR] 1.42) and identify a novel candidate gene, ZBTB10, achieving genome-wide significance (rs6998967, P = 8.9 × 10–10, OR 0.53). Several other SNPs showed suggestive significance including rs2476601 (P = 6.5 × 10–6, OR 1.62) encoding the PTPN22 R620W variant noted in early-onset myasthenia gravis (EOMG) and other autoimmune diseases. In contrast, EOMG-associated SNPs in TNIP1 showed no association in LOMG, nor did other loci suggested for EOMG. Many SNPs within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region showed strong associations in LOMG, but with smaller effect sizes than in EOMG (highest OR ~2 versus ~6 in EOMG). Moreover, the strongest associations were in opposite directions from EOMG, including an OR of 0.54 for DQA1*05:01 in LOMG (P = 5.9 × 10–12) versus 2.82 in EOMG (P = 3.86 × 10–45). Association and conditioning studies for the MHC region showed three distinct and largely independent association peaks for LOMG corresponding to (a) MHC class II (highest attenuation when conditioning on DQA1), (b) HLA-A and (c) MHC class III SNPs. Conditioning studies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) amino acid residues also suggest potential functional correlates. Together, these findings emphasize the value of subgrouping myasthenia gravis patients for clinical and basic investigations and imply distinct predisposing mechanisms in LOMG.

• Sowa, Piotr; Bjørnerud, Atle; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Damangir, Soheil; Spulber, Gabriela; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Due-Tønnessen, Paulina; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Beyer, Mona K. (2015). Reduced perfusion in white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Radiology.  ISSN 0720-048X.  84(12), s 2605- 2612 . doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.09.007
• Sundal, Christina Heidemann; Baker, Matt C.; Karrenbauer, Virginija Danylaité; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Bedri, Sahl Khalid; Glaser, Anna; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Haugarvoll, Kristoffer; Zetterberg, Henrik; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Kochum, Ingrid; Hillert, Jan; Wszolek, Zbigniew K.; Rademakers, Rosa & Andersen, Oluf (2015). Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids with phenotype of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  22(2), s 328- 333 . doi: 10.1111/ene.12572
• Westerlind, Helga; Imrell, Kerstin; Ramanujam, Ryan; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Oturai, Annette Bang; Hamsten, Anders; Alfredsson, Lars; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Koski, Timo & Hillert, Jan (2015). Identity-by-descent mapping in a Scandinavian multiple sclerosis cohort. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813.  23(5), s 688- 692 . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.155 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Damotte, V; Guillot-Noel, Lena; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Madireddy, L; Behi, M El; Ban, Maria; Baranzini, Sergio; Barcellos, Lisa; Beecham, Gary; Beecham, Ashley; Bernardinelli, L; Booth, David; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Buck, Dorothea; Bush, William; Comabella, Manuel; Compston, Alastair; Cotsapas, Chris; Cournu-rebeixisabelle, Isabelle; Cree, Bruce; d'Alfonso, Sandra; Daly, Mark; Damotte, Vincent; Davis, Mary; Bakker, Paul de; De Jager, Philip L; Dubois, Benedicte; Esposito, Federica; Fontaine, Bertrand; Goris, An; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Green, Todd; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Hadjixenofontos, Athena; Hafler, David; Haines, Jonathan; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen; Hawkins, Clive; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hillert, Jan; Hintzen, Rogier; Horáková, Dana; Ivinson, Adrian J; Kemppinen, Anu; Kira, Jun-ichi; Kockum, Ingrid; Lincoln, Robin; Martin, Roland; Boneschi, Filippo martinelli; McCauley, Jacob L.; Mero, Inger-Lise; Oksenberg, Jorge; Olsson, Tomas; Oturai, Annette; Palotie, Aarno; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Rioux, John; Saarela, Janna; Sawcer, Stephen; Schnetz-boutaud, Nathalie; Sellebjerg, Finn; Soendergaard, Helle; Sorensen, Per Soelberg; Spurkland, Anne; Stankovich, Jim; Stewart, Graeme; Taylor, Bruce; Ticca, Anna; West, Sandra; Zipp, Frauke; Blackwell, Jenefer m; Bramon, Elvira; Brown, Matthew A; Casas, Juan Pablo; Corvin, Aiden; Jankowski, Janusz; Markus, Hugh s; Mathew, Christopher G.; Palmer, Colin NA; Plomin, Robert; Rautanen, Anna; Trembath, Richard c; Viswanathan, Ananth c; Wood, Nicholas W.; Spencer, Chris ca; Band, Gavin; Bellenguez, Celine; Freeman, Colin; Hellenthal, Garrett; Giannoulatou, Eleni; Pirinen, Matti; Pearson, Richard; Strange, Amy; Su, Zhan; Vukcevic, Damjan; Donnelly, Peter; Langford, Cordelia; Hunt, Sarah E; Edkins, Sarah; Gwilliam, Rhian; Blackburn, Hannah; Bumpstead, Suzannah J.; Dronov, Serge; Gillman, Matthew; Gray, Emma; Hammond, Naomi; Jayakumar, Alagurevathi; Mccann, Owen t; Liddle, Jennifer; Potter, Simon C; Ravindrarajah, Rathi; Ricketts, Michelle; Waller, Matthew J; Weston, Paul; Widaa, Sara; Whittaker, Pamela; Barroso, Ines; Deloukas, Panos; Dilthey, Alexander; Leslie, Stephen; Moutsianas, Loukas; Perez, Marc l; Mcvean, Gil; Mccarthy, Mark i; Baranzini, SE; Cournu-Rebeix, I & Fontaine, B. (2014). A gene pathway analysis highlights the role of cellular adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  15, s 126- 132 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2013.70
• Goris, An; Van Setten, Jessica; Diekstra, Frank; Ripke, Stephan; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.; Sawcer, Stephen; Ban, Maria; Baranzini, Sergio; Barcellos, Lisa; Beecham, Gary; Beecham, Ashley; Bernardinelli, L; Booth, David; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Buck, Dorothea; Bush, William; Comabella, Manuel; Compston, Alastair; Cotsapas, Chris; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Cree, Bruce; d'Alfonso, Sandra; Daly, Mark; Damotte, Vincent; Davis, Mary; Bakker, Paul de; De Jager, Philip L; Dubois, Benedicte; Esposito, Federica; Fontaine, Bertrand; Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine; Green, Todd; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Hadjixenofontos, Athena; Hafler, David; Haines, Jonathan; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen; Hawkins, Clive; Hemmer, Bernhard; Hillert, Jan; Hintzen, Rogier; Horáková, Dana; Ivinson, Adrian J; Kemppinen, Anu; Kira, Jun-ichi; Kockum, Ingrid; Lincoln, Robin; Martin, Roland; Boneschi, Filippo martinelli; McCauley, Jacob L.; Mero, Inger-Lise; Oksenberg, Jorge; Olsson, Tomas; Oturai, Annette; Palotie, Aarno; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Rioux, John; Saarela, Janna; Schnetz-boutaud, Nathalie; Sellebjerg, Finn; Soendergaard, Helle; Sorensen, Per Soelberg; Spurkland, Anne; Stankovich, Jim; Stewart, Graeme; Taylor, Bruce; Ticca, Anna; West, Sandra; Zipp, Frauke; van Es, Michael; Bahlo, M; Booth, DR; Broadley, SA; Brown, MA; Foote, SJ; Griffiths, LR; Kilpatrick, TJ; Lechner-Scott, J; Moscato, P; Perreau, VM; Rubio, JP; Scott, RJ; Stankovich, J; Taylor, BV; Wiley, J; Clarke, G; Cox, MB; Csurhes, PA; Danoy, P; Drysdale, K; Field, J; Greer, JM; Guru, P; Hadler, J; Mcmorran, BJ; Jensen, CJ; Johnson, JL; McCallum, R.; Merriman, M.; Merriman, T.; Pryce, K; Stewart, GJ; Tajouri, L; Wilkins, EJ; Browning, BL; Browning, SR; Perera, D; Broadley, S.; Butzkueven, H.; Carroll, WM; Chapman, C.; Kermode, AG; Marriott, M; Mason, D; Heard, RN; Pender, MP; Slee, M.; Tubridy, N; Willoughby, E; Andersen, Peter M.; Melki, Judith; Meininger, Vincent; Hardiman, Orla; Landers, John E; Brown, Robert H; Shatunov, Aleksey; Leigh, Nigel; Al-Chalabi, Ammar; Shaw, Christopher E; Traynor, Bryan J.; Chio, Adriano; Restagno, Gabriella; Mora, Gabriele; Ophoff, Roel A.; Oksenberg, Jorge R.; Van Damme, Philip; Robberecht, Wim; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Veldink, Jan H & de Bakker, Paul I.W. (2014). No evidence for shared genetic basis of common variants in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Human Molecular Genetics.  ISSN 0964-6906.  23(7), s 1916- 1922 . doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt574
• Sundqvist, Emilie; Buck, Dorothea; Warnke, Clemens; Albrecht, Eva; Gieger, Christian; Khademi, Mohsen; Lima Bomfim, Izaura; Fogdell-Hahn, Anna; Link, Jenny; Alfredsson, Lars; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Hillert, Jan; Barcellos, Lisa; Booth, David; McCauley, Jacob L.; Comabella, Manuel; Compston, Alastair; d'Alfonso, Sandra; de Jager, Philip; Fontaine, Bertrand; Goris, An; Hafler, David; Haines, Jonathan; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hauser, Stephen L; Hawkins, Clive; Ivinson, Adrian; Martin, Roland; Boneschi, Fillippo Martinelli; Oksenberg, Jorge; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Saarela, Janna; Sawcer, Stephen; Spurkland, Anne; Stewart, Graeme; Zipp, Frauke; Oturai, Annette B.; Hemmer, Bernhard; Kockum, Ingrid & Olsson, Tomas (2014). JC Polyomavirus Infection Is Strongly Controlled by Human Leucocyte Antigen Class II Variants. PLoS Pathogens.  ISSN 1553-7366.  10(4) . doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004084
• Avidan, Nili; Panse, Rozen Le; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bernasconi, Pia; Poulas, Konstantinos; Ginzburg, Elizabeta; Cavalcante, Paola; Colleoni, Lara; Baggi, Fulvio; Antozzi, Carlo; Truffault, Frederique; Horn-Saban, Shirley; Poschel, Simone; Zagoriti, Zoi; Maniaol, Angelina; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Bernard, Isabelle; Saoudi, Abdelhadi; Illes, Zsolt; Pons, Carlos Casasnovas; Melms, Arthur; Tzartos, Socrates; Willcox, Nicholas; Kostera-Pruszczyk, Anna; Tallaksen, Chantal; Mantegazza, Renato; Berrih-Aknin, S. & Miller, Ariel (2014). VAV1 and BAFF, via NFκB pathway, are genetic risk factors for myasthenia gravis. Annals of clinical and translational neurology.  ISSN 2328-9503.  1(5), s 329- 339 . doi: 10.1002/acn3.51
• Berg-Hansen, Pål; Moen, Stine Marit; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen (2014). High prevalence and no latitude gradient of multiple sclerosis in Norway. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  20(13), s 1780- 1782 . doi: 10.1177/1352458514525871
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• Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Sellebjerg, Finn; Hillert, Jan; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Lindén, Magdalena; Mero, Inger-Lise; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Christensen, Jeppe Romme; Börnsen, Lars; Sørensen, Per Soelberg & Oturai, Annette Bang (2011). Alterations in KLRB1 gene expression and a Scandinavian multiple sclerosis association study of the KLRB1 SNP rs4763655. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813.  19(10), s 1100- 1103 . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.88
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• Jakkula, Eveliina; Leppa, Virpi; Sulonen, Anna-Maija; Varilo, Teppo; Kallio, Suvi; Kemppinen, Anu; Purcell, Shaun; Koivisto, Keijo; Tienari, Pentti; Sumelahti, Marja-Liisa; Elovaara, Irina; Pirttila, Tuula; Reunanen, Mauri; Aromaa, Arpo; Oturai, Annette Bang; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Mero, Inger-Lise; Gabriel, Stacey B.; Mirel, Daniel B.; Hauser, Stephen L; Kappos, Ludwig; Polman, Chris; De Jager, Philip L; Hafler, David A; Daly, Mark J.; Palotie, Aarno; Saarela, Janna & Peltonen, Leena (2010). Genome-wide Association Study in a High-Risk Isolate for Multiple Sclerosis Reveals Associated Variants in STAT3 Gene. American Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 0002-9297.  86(2), s 285- 291 . doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.017
• Mero, Inger-Lise; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Ban, Maria; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Aarseth, Jan; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Link, Jenny; Olsson, Tomas; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Masterman, T; Oturai, AB; Sondergaard, HB; Sellebjerg, F; Saarela, J; Kemppinen, A; Elovaara, I; Spurkland, Anne; Dudbridge, F; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2010). A rare variant of the TYK2 gene is confirmed to be associated with multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813.  18(4), s 502- 504 . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.195
• Beyeen, AD; Adzemovic, Milena Z.; Öckinger, Johan; Sridh, Pernilla; Et al, More authors; Becanovic, Kristina; Laaksonen, Hannes; Lassmann, Hans; Harris, Robert A.; Hillert, Jan; Alfredsson, Lars; Celius, Elisabeth G.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Kockum, Ingrid; Jagodic, Maja & Olsson, Tomas (2010). IL-22RA2 Associates with Multiple Sclerosis and Macrophage Effector Mechanisms in Experimental Neuroinflammation. Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0022-1767.  185(11), s 6883- 6890 . doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001392
• Burgunder, J-M.; Finsterer, J.; Szolnoki, Z.; Fontaine, B.; Baets, J.; Van Broeckhoven, C.; Di Donato, S.; De Jonghe, P.; Lynch, T.; Mariotti, C.; Schöls, L.; Spinazzola, A.; Tabrizi, S. J.; Tallaksen, Chantal; Zeviani, M.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Gasser, T. (2010). EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of channelopathies, epilepsies, migraine, stroke, and dementias. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  17(5), s 641- 648 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02985.x
• Burgunder, JM; Et al, More authors; Tallaksen, Chantal & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2010). EFNS guidelines for the molecular diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders:motoneuron, peripheral nerve and muscle disorders. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  18, s 207- 217 . doi: 10.1111/j.468-1331.2010.03069.x
• Gasser, T; Finsterer, Josef; Baets, J; Van Broeckhoven, C; Di Donato, S; Fontaine, B; De Jonghe, P; Lossos, A; Lynch, T; Mariotti, C; Schols, L; Spinazzola, A; Szolnoki, Z; Tabrizi, SJ; Tallaksen, Chantal; Zeviani, M; Burgunder, JM & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2010). EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of ataxias and spastic paraplegias. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  17(2), s 179- 188 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02873.x
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Riccio, Maria Elena; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Utsi, Egil; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Mellgren, Svein Ivar; Flåm, Siri T.; Thorsby, Erik; Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia & Lie, Benedicte A (2010). Norwegian Sami differs significantly from other Norwegians according to their HLA profile. Tissue Antigens.  ISSN 0001-2815.  75(3), s 207- 217 . doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01425.x
• Link, Jenny; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Kochum, Ingrid; Duvefelt, Kristina; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Hillert, Jan & Brynedal, Boel (2010). Two HLA class I genes independently associated with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  226(1-2), s 172- 176 . doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.07.006
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Melum, Espen; Ellinghaus, Eva; Smestad, Cathrine; Mero, Inger-Lise; Aarseth, Jan Harald; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Franke, Andre & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2010). Association to the Glypican-5 gene in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  226(1-2), s 194- 197 . doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.07.003
• Nohra, R; Beyeen, A.D.; Guo, JP; Khademi, M; Sundqvist, E; Hedreul, M; Sellebjerg, F; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Oturai, AB; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Wallstrom, E; Hillert, J; Alfredsson, L; Kockum, I.; Jagodic, M; Lorentzen, J & Olsson, T (2010). RGMA and IL21R show association with experimental inflammation and multiple sclerosis. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  11(4), s 279- 293 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2009.111
• Jagodic, Maja; Colacios, Celine; Nohra, Rita; Dejean, Anne S.; Beyeen, Amennai Daniel; Khademi, Mohsen; Casemayou, Audrey; Lamouroux, Lucille; Duthoit, Christine; Papapietro, Olivier; Sjöholm, Louise; Bernard, Isabelle; Lagrange, Dominique; Dahlman, Ingrid; Lundmark, Frida; Oturai, Annette Bang; Soendergaard, Helle B; Kemppinen, Anu; Saarela, Janna; Tienari, Pentti J.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne; Ramagopalan, Sreeram V.; Sadovnick, Dessa A.; Ebers, George C.; Seddighzadeh, Maria; Klareskog, Lars; Alfredsson, Lars; Padyukov, Leonid; Hillert, Jan; Clanet, Michel; Edan, Gilles; Fontaine, Bertrand; Fournie, Gilbert J.; Kockum, Ingrid; Saoudi, Abdelhadi & Olsson, Tomas (2009). A Role for VAV1 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Science Translational Medicine.  ISSN 1946-6234.  1(10) . doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000278
• Kallio, SP; Jakkula, E; Purcell, S; Suvela, M; Koivisto, K; Tienari, PJ; Elovaara, I; Pirttila, T; Reunanen, M; bronnikov, D; Viander, M; Meri, S; Hillert, Jan; Lundmark, F; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; De Jager, PL; Daly, MJ; Hafler, David A; Palotie, Aarno; Peltonen, L & Saarela, Janna (2009). Use of a genetic isolate to identify rare disease variants: C7 on 5p associated with MS. Human Molecular Genetics.  ISSN 0964-6906.  18(9), s 1670- 1683 . doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddp073
• Kemppinen, Anu; Suvela, M; Tienari, PJ; Elovaara, I; Koivisto, K; Pirttila, T; Reunanen, M; Rautakorpi, I; Hillert, Jan; Lundmark, F; Oturai, A; Ryder, Lars P.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth G; Palotie, Aarno; Daly, Mark; Peltonen, L & Saarela, Janna (2009). MYO9B polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813.  17(6), s 840- 843 . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.251
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Karlsen, TH; Olsson, M; Smestad, C; Mero, IL; Woldseth, B; Sun, JY; Senitzer, D; Celius, EG; Thorsby, E; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, BA & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Ligand HLA-Bw4 Protects Against Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Neurology.  ISSN 0364-5134.  65(6), s 658- 666 . doi: 10.1002/ana.21695
• Mero, Inger Lise; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Ban, Maria; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Celius, Elisabeth G; Aarseth, Jan; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Link, Jenny; Hillert, Jan; Olsson, Tomas; Kochum, Ingrid; Masterman, T; Oturai, A; Søndergaard, HB; Sellebjerg, Finn; Saaerla, Janna; Kemppinen, Anu; Spurkland, Anne; Dubridge, F; Lie, BA & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). A rare variant of the TYK2 gene is confirmed to be associated with multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813. . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.195
• Ban, M; Goris, A; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Baker, A; Mihalova, T; Ingram, G; Booth, DR; Heard, RN; Stewart, GJ; Bogaert, E; Dubois, B; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Strange, R; Hawkins, C; Robertson, NP; Dudbridge, F; Wason, J; De Jager, PL; Hafler, D; Rioux, JD; Ivinson, AJ; McCauley, JL; Pericak-Vance, M; Oksenberg, JR; Hauser, SL; Sexton, D; Haines, J; Sawcer, S & Compston, A (2009). Replication analysis identifies TYK2 as a multiple sclerosis susceptibility factor. European Journal of Human Genetics.  ISSN 1018-4813.  17(10), s 1309- 1313 . doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.41
• Ban, Maria; Booth, David R; Heard, Robert N; Stewart, Graeme J; Goris, An; Dobosi, Rita; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne; Dubois, Benedicte; Olsson, Tomas; Hillert, Jan; Kockum, Ingrid; Link, Jenny; Baker, Amie; Sawcer, Stephen; Compston, Alastair; Mihalova, Tania; Strange, Richard; Hawkins, Clive; Ingram, Gillian; Robertson, Neil P; De Jager, Philip L; Hafler, David A; Barcellos, Lisa F; Ivinson, Adrian; Periack-Vance, Margaret; Oksenberg, Jorge R; Hauser, Stephen L; McCauley, Jacob L; Sexton, David & Haines, Jonathan (2009). The expanding genetic overlap between multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  10(1), s 11- 14 . doi: 10.1038/gene.2008.83 Vis sammendrag

  Familial clustering of autoimmune disease is well recognized and raises the possibility that some susceptibility genes may predispose to autoimmunity in general. In light of this observation, it might be expected that some of the variants of established relevance in one autoimmune disease may also be relevant in other related conditions. On the basis of this hypothesis, we tested seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are known to be associated with type I diabetes in a large multiple sclerosis data set consisting of 2369 trio families, 5737 cases and 10,296 unrelated controls. Two of these seven SNPs showed evidence of association with multiple sclerosis; that is rs12708716 from the CLEC16A gene (P=1.6 x 10(-16)) and rs763361 from the CD226 gene (P=5.4 x 10(-8)). These findings thereby identify two additional multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes and lend support to the notion of autoimmune susceptibility genes.

• Finsterer, Josef; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Baets, J; Van Broeckhoven, Cathrine; Di Donato, S; Fontaine, B; De Jonghe, P; Lossos, A; Lynch, T; Mariotti, C; Schols, L; Spinazzola, A; Szolnoki, Z; Tabrizi, SJ; Tallaksen, Chantal; Zeviani, M; Burgunder, JM & Gasser, T (2009). EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  16(12), s 1255- 1264 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02811.x
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Finsterer, J; Baets, J; Van Broeckhoven, C; Di Donato, S; Fontaine, B; De Jonghe, P; Lossos, A; Lynch, T; Mariotti, C; Schols, L; Spinazzola, A; Szolnoki, Z; Tabrizi, SJ; Tallaksen, C; Zeviani, M; Burgunder, JM & Gasser, T (2009). EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders: general issues, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and dystonias. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  16(7), s 777- 785 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02646.x
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Riccio, ME; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Utsi, E; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Mellgren, Svein Ivar; Flåm, Siri; Thorsby, Erik; Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia & Lie, BA (2009). Norwegian Sami differs significantly from other Norwegians according to their HLA profile. Tissue Antigens.  ISSN 0001-2815. . doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01425.x
• Ramagopalan, SV; Link, Jenny; Byrnes, JK; Dyment, DA; Giovannoni, G; Hintzen, RQ; Sundqvist, E; Kochum, Ingrid; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Lie, BA; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Padyukov, L; Alfredsson, L; Olsson, T; Sadovnick, AD; Hillert, Jan & Ebers, GC (2009). HLA-DRB1 and month of birth in multiple sclerosis. Neurology.  ISSN 0028-3878.  73(24), s 2107- 2111 . doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c679f3
• Lorentzen, Åslaug R; Smestad, Cathrine; Lie, Benedicte A; Lie, BA; Oturai, AB; Oturai, Annette; Åkesson, Eva; Akesson, E; Saarela, Janna; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Vartdal, Frode; Celius, Elisabeth G; Sorensen, PS; Sørensen, Per S; Hillert, Jan; Spurkland, Anne; Harbo, Hanne F & Harbo, HF (2008). The SH2D2A gene and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  197, s 152- 158 . doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.04.037
• Pugliatti, M.; Harbo, HF; Harbo, H.F.; Holmøy, T.; Kampman, Margitta Theodora; Myhr, K.-M.; Riise, T. & Wolfson, C. (2008). Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-6314.  117, s 34- 40 Vis sammendrag

  Objectives - Multiple sclerosis (MS)likely results form an interaction between genetic and exogenous factors. While genetics shapes the overall population MS susceptibility, observed epidemiological patterns strongly suggest a role for the environment in disease initiation and modulation. Results - Findings from studies on seasonality in MS patient`s birth, disease onset and exacerbations, as well as apparent temporal trends in incidence and gender ratio support an influential effect og viruses, metabolic and lifestyle factors on MS risk. Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D status, and smoking are factors that may explain such epidemiological patterns. Conclusions - Further epidemiological investigations are encouraged and opportunities to use data from existing cohort studies as well as the design of new studies shold be pursued. In particular, the development of new large multicentre population-based case control studies which incorporate the study of the role of environment and genetics, including epigenetic mechanisms, in determining MS risk in proposed.

• Smestad, C; Sandvik, L; Holmøy, Trygve; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen (2008). Marked differences in prevalence of multiple sclerosis between ethnic groups in Oslo, Norway. Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 0340-5354.  255 . doi: 10.1007/s00415-007-0659-8
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• Knudsen, Gun Peggy Strømstad; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Smestad, C; Celius, EG; Akesson, E; Oturai, A; Ryder, LP; Spurkland, Anne & Ørstavik, Karen Helene (2007). X chromosome inactivation in females with multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  14, s 1392- 1396 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01987.x
• Lundmark, F; Duvefelt, K; Iacobaeus, E; Kockum, I; Wallstrom, E; Khademi, M; Oturai, A; Ryder, LP; Saarela, J; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, EG; Salter, H; Olsson, T & Hillert, J (2007). Variation in interleukin 7 receptor a chain (IL7R) influences risk of multiple sclerosis. Nature Genetics.  ISSN 1061-4036.  39, s 1108- 1113 . doi: 10.1038/ng2106
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• Harbo, HF; Utsi, E; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Lorentzen, AR; Kampman, Margitta Theodora; Celius, EG; Myhr, KM; Lie, BA; Mellgren, Svein Ivar & Thorsby, E (2007). Low frequency of the disease-associated DRB1*15-DQB1*06 haplotype may contribute to the low prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Sami. Tissue Antigens.  ISSN 0001-2815.  69(4), s 299- 304 . doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00803.x
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Ekstrom, PO; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Gjerstad, Vibeke Sundvold; Celius, EG; Sawcer, Stephen & Spurkland, Anne (2006). Coding region polymorphisms in T cell signal transduction genes. Prevalence and association to development of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  177, s 40- 45
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• Smerdel, Anna; Finholt, Camilla; Lilleby, Vibke; Gilboe, Inger-Margrethe; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Maslinski, S; Førre, Øystein Thorleiv; Thorsby, Erik & Lie, Benedicte Alexandra (2005). Systemic lupus erythematosus and the extended major histocompatibility complex—evidence for several predisposing loci. Rheumatology (Sveits).  ISSN 0080-2727.  44, s 1368- 1373 . doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei015
• Torkildsen, O; Torkildsen, Øivind Fredvik; Utsi, Egil; Harbo, Hanne F; Mellgren, Svein Ivar; Vedeler, Christian A. & Myhr, Kjell-Morten (2005). Ethnic variations of IL-10 polymorphisms in a Sami and Norwegian population. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  62(1), s 71- 74
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Ekstrøm, Per Olaf; Wiencke, Kristine; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Myhr, KM; Ling, V; Thorsby, Erik; Vartdal, Frode; Spurkland, Anne & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2005). Lack of association with the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS gene region among Norwegian multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  166
• Torkildsen, O; Torkildsen, Øivind Fredvik; Utsi, Egil; Mellgren, Svein Ivar; Harbo, Hanne F; Vedeler, Christian A. & Myhr, Kjell-Morten (2005). Ethnic variation of Fc gamma receptor polymorphism in Sami and Norwegian populations. Immunology.  ISSN 0019-2805.  115(3), s 416- 421
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Sawcer, Stephen; Celius, EG; Dai, Kezheng; Oturai, Anette; Hillert, Jan; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Laaksonen, Mikko; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Ryder, Lars P.; Fredrikson, S.; Nyland, Harald I.; Sørensen, Per Soelberg; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Andersen, Oluf; Svejgaard, Arne; Edland, A.; Mellgren, Svein Ivar; Compston, Alistair; Vartdal, Frode & Spurkland, Anne (2004). Genes in the HLA class I region may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Tissue Antigens.  ISSN 0001-2815.  63, s 237- 247 Vis sammendrag

  In order to analyze whether loci in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I region may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), we examined selected microsatellite markers in 177 Nordic sib-pair families, 222 British sib-pair families, 323 sporadic Norwegian MS patients and 386 Norwegian controls. All samples were, in addition, genotyped for the HLA-DR DQ haplotype, and the Norwegian case-control samples were also typed for HLA-A and -B loci. In the Norwegian sporadic MS patients association was seen with HLA-A, HLA-B, and with the D6S265 marker, located 100 kb centromeric to HLA-A. Associations with HLA-A and D6S265 loci were also suggested when restricting the analysis to HLA-DR15 haplotypes. In the sib-pair data a similar trend was seen with marker D6S265. Higher genotypic relative risk (GRR) was found for individuals who carry both HLA-DR15 and -A3 (GRR = 15), compared to those who carry only HLA-DR15 (GRR = 7), only HLA-A3 (GRR = 3) or none of these alleles (GRR = 1). The highest risk was conferred by a combination of HLA-DR15 and -A3 (odds ratio (OR) = 5.2). These results suggest that HLA-A or a gene in linkage disequilibrium with it may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to MS.

• Harbo, HF; Lie, BA; Sawcer, S; Celius, EG; Dai, KZ; Oturai, A; Hillert, J; Lorentzen, AR; Laaksonen, M; Myhr, KM; Ryder, LP; Fredrikson, S; Nyland, H; Sorensen, PS; Sandberg-Wolheim, M; Andersen, O; Svejgaard, A; Edland, A; Mellgren, Svein Ivar; Compston, A; Vartdal, F & Spurkland, A (2004). Genes in the HLA class I region may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Tissue Antigens.  ISSN 0001-2815.  63(3), s 237- 247
• Oturai, AB; Ryder, LP; Fredrikson, S; Myhr, KM; Celius, EG; Harbo, HF; Andersen, O; Akesson, E; Hillert, J; Madsen, HO; Nyland, Harald Inge; Spurkland, A; Datta, P; Svejgaard, A; Sørensen, PS & Sorensenl, PS (2004). Concordance for disease course and age of onset in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis coaffected sib pairs. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  10, s 5- 8
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Datta, P.*; Oturai, Anette; Ryder, Lars P.; Sawcer, Stephen; Setakis, E.*; Clayton, DG; Åkesson, Eva; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Modin, H.*; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Andersen, Oluf; Sveigaard, A.*; Hillert, Jan; Sørensen, P S; Compston, Alistair; Vartdal, Frode & Spurkland, Anne (2003). Two genome-wide linikage disequilirium screens in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  143(1-2), s 101- 106
• Harbo, HF; Datta, P; Otturai, A; Ryder, LP; Sawcer, S; Setakis, E; Akesson, E; Celius, EG; Modim, H; Sandberg-Wollheim, M; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Anderson, O; Hillert, Jan; Sorensen, PS; Svejgaard, A; Compston, A; Vartdal, F & Spurkland, Anne (2003). Two genome-wide linkage disequilibrium screens in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  143, s 101- 106
• Myhr, Kjell Morten & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2003). Multippel sklerose en sykdom med kompleks genetikk. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  123(19), s 2723- 2726
• Myhr, Kjell-Morten & Harbo, HF (2003). Multippel sklerose - en sykdom med kompleks genetikk. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  123, s 2723- 2726
• Åkesson, Eva; Caraddu, F; Marrosu, M.*; Massacesi, L.*; Hensieki, A; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Otirau, A.*; Hillert, Jan; Compston, Alistair & Sawcer, Stephen (2003). Fine mapping of a candidate region on chromosome 10 in 499 sib-pairs with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology.  ISSN 0165-5728.  143(1-2), s 31- 8
• Akesson, E; Oturai, A; Berg, J; Fredrikson, S; Anderson, O; Harbo, HF; Laaksonen, M; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Nyland, Harald Inge; Ryder, LP; Sandberg-Wollheim, M; Sorensen, PS; Spurkland, Anne; Svejgaard, A; Holmans, P; Compston, A; Hillert, Jan & Sawcer, S (2002). A genome-wide screen for linkage in Nordic sib-pairs with multiple sclerosis. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  3, s 279- 285
• Harbo, HF; Datta, P; Spurkland, Anne; Ryder, LP; Sawcer, S; Celius, EG; Modin, H; Akesson, E; Sandberg-Wollheim, M; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Anderson, O; Hillert, Jan; Sorensen, PS & Svejgaard, A (2002). A genome wide linkage disequilibrium screen in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis patients shows association to chromosome regions at 1 q (D1S1601) and 11q (D11S1986), In  The Islandic Medical Journal 2000.  MANGLER.
• Akesson, Eva; Oturai, Anette; Berg, Jens Petter; Fredrikson, Sten; Andersen, Oluf; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Laaksonen, Mikko; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Nyland, Harald I.; Ryder, Lars P.; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Sørensen, Per Soelberg; Spurkland, Anne; Svejgaard, Arne; Holmans, P. & Compston, Alistair (2002). A genome-wide screen for linkage in Nordic sib-pairs with multiple sclerosis. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  3, s 279- 285 Vis sammendrag

  Genetic factors influence susceptibility to multiple sclerosis but the responsible genes remain largely undefined, association with MHC class II alleles being the only established genetic feature of the disease. The Nordic countries have a high prevalence of multiple sclerosis, and to further explore the genetic background of the disease, we have carried out a genome-wide screen for linkage in 136 sibling-pairs with multiple sclerosis from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden by typing 399 microsatellite markers. Seventeen regions where the lod score exceeds the nominal 5% significance threshold (0.7) were identified-1q11-24, 2q24-32, 3p26.3, 3q21.1, 4q12, 6p25.3, 6p21-22, 6q21, 9q34.3, 10p15, 10p12-13, 11p15.5, 12q21.3, 16p13.3, 17q25.3, 22q12-13 and Xp22.3. Although none of these regions reaches the level of genome-wide significance, the number observed exceeds the 10 that would be expected by chance alone. Our results significantly add to the growing body of linkage data relating to multiple sclerosis

• Dai, KZ; Harbo, HF; Celius, EG; Oturai, A; Sørensen, PS; Ryder, LP; Datta, P; Svejgaard, A; Hillert, Jan; Fredrikson, Sten; Sandberg-Wollheim, M; Laaksonen, M; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Nyland, Harald Inge; Vartdal, F & Spurkland, Anne (2001). The T cell regulator gene SH2D2A contributes to the genetic susceptibility of multiple sclerosis. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  2, s 263- 268
• Dai, Y.; Masterman, T.; Huang, W.X.; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Laaksonen, Mikko; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Oturai, Anette; Ryder, Lars P.; Sølberg-Sørensen, P.; Svejgaard, Arne & Hillert, Jan (2001). Analysis of an interferon-gamma gene dinucleotide-repeat polymorphism in Nordic multiple sclerosis patients. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  7(3), s 157- 163
• Isojärvi, J. I. T.; Tauboll, E.; Pakarinen, A. J.; Parys, J. van; Rattya, J.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Dale, Per Olav; Fauser, B. J. C. M.; Gjerstad, Leif; Koivunen, R.; Knip, M. & Tapanainen, J. S. (2001). Altered ovarian function and cardiovascular risk factors in valproate-treated women. American Journal of Medicine.  ISSN 0002-9343.  111(4), s 290- 296 Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: Polycystic ovaries and menstrual disturbances seem to be common among women taking valproate for epilepsy. The purpose of the present study was to assess the frequency of valproate-related metabolic and endocrine disorders in different groups of women with epilepsy.Seventy-two women with epilepsy and 52 control subjects from centers in three European countries (Finland, Norway, and the Netherlands) participated in the study. Thirty-seven of the women with epilepsy were taking valproate monotherapy and 35 carbamazepine monotherapy.The frequency of polycystic ovaries or hyperandrogenism, or both, among valproate-treated women with epilepsy was 70% (26 of 37) compared with 19% (10 of 52) among control subjects (P <0.001). They were found in 79% (11 of 14) of obese and 65% (15 of 23) of lean women on valproate, and in 20% (7 of 35) of carbamazepine-treated women. The obese valproate-treated women with polycystic ovaries or hyperandrogenism, or both, had hyperinsulinemia and associated unfavorable changes in serum lipid levels consistent with insulin resistance.Polycystic ovaries and related hyperandrogenism are frequently encountered in both obese and lean women taking valproate for epilepsy. The use of valproate is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in obese women.

• Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Egeland, Thore; Vartdal, Frode; Vandvik, Bodvar & Spurkland, Anne (2000). Sex and age at diagnosis are correlated with the HLA-DR2, DQ6 haplotype in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroscience.  ISSN 0270-6474.  178, s 132- 135 Vis sammendrag

  The HLA-DR2, DQ6 (i.e., HLA-DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602) haplotype contributes to the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) in Caucasoids of Northern European heritage. A correlation between the clinical expression of MS and the presence of HLA-DR2, DQ6 has, however, not convincingly been shown. In this study conventional bivariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to study the relationship between HLA-DR2, DQ6 and four disease variables in a cohort of 286 Norwegian MS patients from the Oslo area. Logistic regression analysis showed that HLA-DR2, DQ6 was significantly more frequent among female than male patients (P=0. 0251), and was negatively correlated with age at diagnosis regardless of sex (P=0.0254). No significant correlation was observed between HLA-DR2, DQ6 and type of disease (relapsing-remitting versus primary chronic progressive MS) or presence/absence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid.

• Larsen, Frank; Oturai, Anette; Ryder, Lars P.; Madsen, Hans O.; Hillert, Jan; Fredrikson, S.; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Laaksonen, Mikko; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Sawcer, Stephen; Fugger, Lars; Sørensen, Per Soelberg & Svejgaard, Arne (2000). Linkage analysis of a candidate region in Scandinavian sib pairs with multiple sclerosis reveals linkage to chromosome 17q. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  1(7), s 456- 459 Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: To date, four genome screens have been completed in the demyelinating autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Although these screens failed to identify any loci with major effects on susceptibility, several novel regions of potential linkage were suggested, including the long arm of chromosome 17. In order to further pursue this promising region we have investigated six highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in 115 Scandinavian families with MS affected sib pairs. Multipoint linkage analysis revealed a peak maximum likelihood score (MLS) of 0.9 in the region of marker D17S787. Stratifying the results on the basis of HLA-DR2 status showed that the linkage was not limited to families segregating for the HLA-DR2 allele as has previously been suggested. In conclusion, our results further support the proposal that a multiple sclerosis susceptibility locus is contained on chromosome 17q.

• Larsen, Frank; Oturai, Anette; Ryder, Lars P.; Madsen, Hans O.; Hillert, Jan; Fredrikson, S.; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Laaksonen, Mikko; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Sawcer, Stephen; Fugger, Lars; Sørensen, Per Soelberg & Svejgaard, Arne (2000). Linkage analysis of a candidate region in Scandinavian sib pairs with multiple sclerosis reveals linkage to chromosome 17q. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  1(7), s 456- 459 Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: To date, four genome screens have been completed in the demyelinating autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Although these screens failed to identify any loci with major effects on susceptibility, several novel regions of potential linkage were suggested, including the long arm of chromosome 17. In order to further pursue this promising region we have investigated six highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in 115 Scandinavian families with MS affected sib pairs. Multipoint linkage analysis revealed a peak maximum likelihood score (MLS) of 0.9 in the region of marker D17S787. Stratifying the results on the basis of HLA-DR2 status showed that the linkage was not limited to families segregating for the HLA-DR2 allele as has previously been suggested. In conclusion, our results further support the proposal that a multiple sclerosis susceptibility locus is contained on chromosome 17q.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Helseth, Eirik; Rootwelt, Terje & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (red.) (2019). Nevrologi og nevrokirurgi ; fra barn til voksen. Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 9788245024739.  582 s.
• Helseth, Eirik; Rootwelt, Terje & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2019). Nevrologi og nevrokirurgi. Fra barn til voksen, 7. utg.. Fagbokforlaget.  ISBN 978-82-450-2473-9.  1000 s.

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• Bos, Steffan Daniel; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Eriksson, Anna; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Vitelli, Valeria; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Luders, Torben; Berge, Tone; Nilsen, Hilde & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2019). Differential gene expression analysis of CD8+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls.
• Glover, Joel; Tysnes, Ole-Bjørn; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Bråthen, Geir; Sandvig, Ioanna; Høyer, Helle; Holmøy, Trygve; Nakken, Ola & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2019). Hvor står ALS-forskningen i Norge?. VG : Verdens gang.  ISSN 0805-5203.
• Bajwa, Simranjit Kaur; Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard; Erichsen, Erik Aksel Spendrup; Berg-Hansen, Pål & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2018). En mann i 50-årene med svimmelhet, dobbeltsyn og gangvansker. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  138(3) . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.1109
• Berge, Tone; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Høgestøl, Einar August; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Berven, Frode (2018). Proteomic profiling of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls.
• Berge, Tone; Eriksson, Anna; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Høgestøl, Einar August; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Berven, Frode (2018). Proteomic profiling of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls.
• Berge, Tone; Eriksson, Anna; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Høgestøl, Einar August; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Berven, Frode (2018). Proteomic profiling of T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls.
• Bos, Steffan Daniel; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Høgestøl, Einar August; Berge, Tone; Saez-Rodriguez, Julio; Uccelli, Antonio; Friedmann, Paul; Villoslada, Pablo & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2018). Multiple Sclerosis genetic burden score in a systems biology study of MS patients from four countries.
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Rhead, Brooke; Berge, Tone; Adams, Cameron; Quach, Hong; Sangurdekar, Dipen; Bronson, Paola G.; Moen, Stine Marit; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lea, Rodney A.; Burnard, Sean; Maltby, Vicky E.; Scott, Rodney J.; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Barcellos, Lisa F. (2018). SLFN12 is differentially methylated in multiple sclerosis CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Rhead, Brooke; Berge, Tone; Lea, Rodney A.; Burnard, Sean; Scott, Rodney J.; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Barcellos, Lisa F (2018). Differently methylated regions in multiple sclerosis CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
• Cellerino, Maria; Pardini, Matteo; Campi, Cristina; Ivaldi, Frederico; Vila, Gemma; Berge, Tone; Koduah, Priscilla; Rotta, Gianluca; Friedmann, Paul; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Villoslada, Pablo; de Rosbo, Nicole Kerlero & Uccelli, Antonio (2018). Personalizing health care in Multiple Sclerosis using systems medicine tools: Presentation of the cytomics data.
• Cellerino, Maria; Pardini, Matteo; Ivaldi, Frederico; Vila, Gemma; Berge, Tone; Koduah, Priscilla; Rotta, Gianluca; Piana, Mario; Friedmann, Paul; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Villoslada, Pablo; de Rosbo, Nicole Kerlero; Uccelli, Antonio & Consortium, Sys4MS (2018). Personalizing health care in Multiple Sclerosis using systems medicine tools: presentation of the cytomics data from the Sys4MS project..
• Eriksson, Anna; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Høgestøl, Einar August; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Berven, Frode & Berge, Tone (2018). Proteomic profiling of CD4+ T cells from MS patients show increased activity of T cell activation pathways (compared to healthy controls).
• Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Berge, Tone; Beyer, Mona K.; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Kockum, Ingrid & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2018). The EU Horizon2020 Project MultipleMS: Improved Personalized Medicine for Multiple Sclerosis.
• Rhead, Brooke; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Berge, Tone; Adams, Cameron; Quach, Hong; Sangurdekar, Dipen; Bronson, Paola G.; Lea, Rodney L.; Burnard, Sean; Maltby, Vicky E.; Scott, Rodney J.; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Barcellos, Lisa F (2018). Differential DNA methylation and expression of SLFN12 in multiple sclerosis patients’ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
• Zubizarreta, Irati; de Rosbo, Nicole Kerlero; Rinas, Melanie; Høgestøl, Einar August; de Rodez Benavent, Sigrid Aune; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Berge, Tone; Koduah, Priscilla; Cellerino, Maria; Pardini, Matteo; Vila, Gemma; Brandt, Alex; Friedmann, Paul; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Saez-Rodriguez, Julio; Uccelli, Antonio & Villoslada, Pablo (2018). The Sys4MS project: Personalizing health care in Multiple Sclerosis using systems medicine tools.
• Bos, Steffan Daniel; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Barcellos, Lisa F; Berge, Tone & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2017). Gene expression profiling of CD4+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls.
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Eriksson, Anna; Baranzini, Sergio; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Bos, Steffan Daniel (2017). Gene expression in pathways enriched with MS associated risk loci.
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Rhead, Brooke; Quach, Hong; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Barcellos, Lisa F (2017). DNA methylation differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls.
• Fernanda, Kropf Correia; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Eriksson, Anna; Bos, Steffan Daniel; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Berge, Tone (2017). Molecular characterization of TAGAP – a GTPase-activating protein encoded by a multiple sclerosis susceptibility gene.
• Mo, Ingrid; Eriksson, Anna; Brorson, Ina Skaara; Ledsaak, Marit; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Gabrielsen, Odd Stokke & Berge, Tone (2017). Identifying protein interaction partners for DEXI - encoded by the dexamethasone-induced gene, DEXI.
• Moen, Stine Marit; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Sowa, Piotr; Nygaard, Gro Owren & Beyer, Mona K. (2016). S.M. Moen og medarbeidere svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  136(19), s 1608- 1608 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0826
• Moen, Stine Marit; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Sowa, Piotr; Nygaard, Gro Owren & Beyer, Mona K. (2016). S.M. Moen og medarbeidere svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  136(20), s 1702- 1702 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0865
• Moen, Stine Marit; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Sowa, Piotr; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Nygaard, Gro Owren & Beyer, Mona K. (2016). MR-undersøkelser ved multippel sklerose. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  136(16), s 1373- 1376 . doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.1361
• Berg-Hansen, Pål; Moen, Stine Marit; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen (2015). Comments on the review article 'Time trends in the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Norway during eight decades'. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica.  ISSN 0001-6314.  132(5), s 364- 367 . doi: 10.1111/ane.12489
• Berge, Tone; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). Genetic, clinical and environmental aspects of multiple sclerosis.
• Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Moen, Stine Marit; Bjølgerud, Anja; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Sandvik, Leiv; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2015). No association between multiple sclerosis and periodontitis after adjusting for smoking habits. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  22(3), s 588- 590 . doi: 10.1111/ene.12520
• Nygaard, Gro Owren; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen & Landro, N. I. (2013). Does the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) catch the cognitive problems of a sample of well-educated recently diagnosed MS patients in Oslo?. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  19(7), s 970- 971
• Berge, Tone; Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2012). Multiple sclerosis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in CLEC16A correlate with reduced SOCS1 and DEXI expression in thymic tissue.
• Leikfoss, Ingvild S; Mero, Inger-Lise; Dahle, Maria Krudtaa; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne & Berge, Tone (2012). Multiple Sclerosis Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in CLEC16A Correlate with Reduced SOCS1 and DEXI Expression in Thymic Samples. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  76(2), s 196- 196
• Leikfoss, Ingvild Sørum; Berge, Tone; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Spurkland, Anne (2012). Multiple sclerosis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in CLEC16A correlate with reduced SOCS1 and DEXI expression in thymic tissue.
• Link, J.; Kockum, I.; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Schaffer, M.; Brynedal, B.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Hillert, J. (2011). Investigation of HLA genes in multiple sclerosis in Scandinavia. Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 0340-5354.  258, s 196- 196
• Maniaol, Angelina; Boldingh, Marion Ingeborg; Brunborg, Cathrine; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Tallaksen, Chantal (2011). A POPULATION-BASED DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS IN NORWAY. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  18(S2), s 276- 276
• Sørum, Ingvild; Mero, Inger-Lise; Gustavsen, Marte Wendel; Muggerud, Aslaug; Sæther, Hanne Skarpodde; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Spurkland, Anne; Berge, Tone & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2011). Molecular Characterization of the Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility Gene CLEC16A. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  ISSN 0300-9475.  73(4), s 377- 377
• Booth, DR; Heard, RN; Stewart, GJ; Cox, M; Scott, RJ; Lechner-Scott, J; Goris, A; Dobosi, R; Dubois, B; Saarela, J; Leppa, V; Peltonen, L; Pirttila, T; Cournu-Rebeix, I; Fontaine, B; Bergamaschi, L; D'Alfonso, S; Leone, M; Lorentzen, A.R.; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Link, J; Kockum, I; Olsson, T; Hillert, J; Ban, M; Baker, A; Kemppinen, A; Sawcer, S; Compston, A; Robertson, NP; De Jager, PL; Hafler, DA; Barcellos, LF; Ivinson, AJ; McCauley, JL; Pericak-Vance, MA; Oksenberg, JR; Hauser, SL; Sexton, D & Haines, J (2010). Lack of support for association between the KIF1B rs10492972[C] variant and multiple sclerosis. Nature Genetics.  ISSN 1061-4036.  42(6), s 469- 470
• Brorson, Ina Skaara; Rhead, Brooke; Berge, Tone; Adams, Cameron; Quach, Hong; Sangurdekar, Dipen; Bronson, Paola G.; Moen, Stine Marit; Berg-Hansen, Pål; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lea, Rodney A.; Burnard, Sean; Maltby, Vicky E.; Scott, Rodney J.; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Bos, Steffan Daniel & Barcellos, Lisa F (2010). SLFN12 is differentially methylated in multiple sclerosis CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
• Holmøy, Trygve; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen (2010). Behandling av multippel sklerose. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  130(9), s 923
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Melum, Espen; Buchert, Eva; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Mero, Inger-Lise; Aarseth, Jan Harald; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Franke, Andre & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2010). Trend of association to the Glypican 5 gene region to multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  17, s 221- 221
• Mero, Inger-Lise; Lorentzen, AR; Ban, Maria; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Aarseth, JH; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Link, Jenny; Hillert, Jan; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Masterman, T.; Oturai, Anette; Søndergaard, Henrik; Sellebjerg, Finn; Saarela, J; Kemppinen, A; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). The TYK2 gene is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  15(9), s S186- S186
• Lorentzen, AR; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Olsson, M; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Mero, Inger-Lise; Woldseth, B; Sun, JY; Senitzer, David; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Thorsby, Erik; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2009). Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand HLA-Bw4 protects against multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  16, s 19- 19
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Olsson, Marita; Smestad, Cathrine; Mero, Inger-Lise; Woldseth, Bente; Sun, Ji-Yao; Senitzer, David; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Thorsby, Erik; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2008). Protection against multiple sclerosis conferred by carriage of the inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) ligand HLA-Bw4. Vis sammendrag

  Background: Combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA class I ligands that reduce natural killer (NK) cells inhibition may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is affecting the central nervous system and is presumed to be an autoimmune disease. There are significant genetic associations to genes in the HLA class II region (DRB1*1501-haplotype),but associations to genes in the HLA class I region have also been reported (for instance A2, A3 and Cw*05). We investigated whether there might be associations to given KIRs and/or their HLA class I ligands . Materials and methods: 631 Norwegian MS patients and 555 Norwegian controls were typed for the presence or absence of genes encoding inhibiting KIRs (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3) and activating KIRs (KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5 and KIR2DL4) using sequence specific primers. HLA-A, -B, -C and –DRB1 typing was performed by direct sequencing or sequence specific primers. Results: We found no significant differences in gene carrier frequencies of inhibitory and activating KIRs in MS patients as compared to controls when p-values were adjusted for number of KIR genes investigated. However, the frequency of the HLA-Bw4 specificity was significantly reduced in MS patients as compared to controls (41.5% vs. 55.1%, p=4.9*10-6), even in individuals who did not carry any of the known HLA class II risk alleles (DRB1*1501,DRB1*03 and DRB1*01, p=0.002). No HLA class II independent associations were observed to genes at the HLA-C or HLA -A loci. Conclusion: The presence of the HLA-Bw4 specificity seems to protect against MS in an HLA class II independent manner. Ongoing analyses aim to characterize possible interaction effects between HLA-Bw4 and KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1, as well as between HLA-C1 and C2 groups and their corresponding receptors.

• Sawcer, Stephen; Booth, David; Heard, Robert; Stewart, Graeme; An, Goris; Dobosi, Rita; Dubois, Benedicte; Oturai, Annette; Soendergaard, Helle B; Sellebjerg, Finn; Saarela, Janna; Leppa, Virpi; Palotie, Aarno; Peltonen, Leena; Fontaine, Bertrand; Cournu-Rebeix, Isabelle; Clerget-Darpoux, Francoise; Weber, Frank; Holsboer, Florian; Muller-Myhsok, Bertram; Rieckmann, Peter; Kroner, Antje; Graham, Colin; Vandenbroeck, Koen; Hawkins, Stanley; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Bergamaschi, Laura; Naldi, Paola; Guerini, Franca R; Salvetti, Marco; Galimberti, Daniela; Hintzen, Rogier; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Spurkland, Anne; Cucca, Francesco; Marrosu, Maria Giovanna; Comabella, Manuel; Montalban, Xavier; Villoslada, Pablo; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Hillert, Jan; Ban, Maria; Walton, Amie; Compston, Alastair; Hawkins, Clive; Mihalova, Tania; Robertson, Neil; Ingram, Gillian; De Jager, Philip L; Hafler, David A; Rioux, John; Daly, Mark; Barcellos, Lisa; Ivinson, Adrian; Periack-Vance, Margaret; Oksenberg, Jorge; Hauser, Stephen L; McCauley, Jacob; Sexton, David & Haines, Jonathan (2008). Refining genetic associations in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurology.  ISSN 1474-4422.  7(7), s 567- 569 . doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70122-4
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2008). A non-synonymous SNP based genome-wide association study in multiple sclerosis identifies the nonreceptor tyrosine-protein kinase gene (TYK2) on chromosome 19. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  15, s 27- 27
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Ban, Maria; Booth, David; Heard, Robert; Stewart, Graeme; Goris, An; Dobosi, Rita; Dubois, Benedicte; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Spurkland, Anne; Olsson, Tomas; Kockum, Ingrid; Link, Jenny; Hillert, Jan; Mihalova, Tania; Strange, Richard; Hawkins, Clive; Ingram, Gillian; Robertson, Neil; De Jager, Philip L; Hafler, David A; Barcellos, Lisa; Ivinson, Adrian; Pericak-Vance, Margaret; Oksenberg, Jorge; Hauser, Stephen L; McCauley, Jacob; Sexton, David; Haines, Jonathan; Baker, Amie; Sawcer, Stephen & Compston, Alastair (2008). The expanding genetic overlap between multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. Vis sammendrag

  A familial clustering of autoimmune disease is well recognised and suggests that some susceptibility genes may predispose to autoimmunity in general whereas other genes lead to specific disease. On the basis of this hypothesis it may be expected that variants of established relevance in one autoimmune disease might also be relevant in other related conditions. To investigate this we tested seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are known to be associated with type I diabetes in a large multiple sclerosis dataset consisting of 2,369 trio families, 5,737 cases and 10,296 unrelated controls. Samples were recruited from across six countries: Australia, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) within the IMSGC. Two of these seven SNPs emerged as also being associated with multiple sclerosis; rs12708716 from the C-type lectin domain family 16, member A (CLEC16A) gene (p=1.6x10-15) and rs763361 from the CD226 gene (p=5.4x10-8). In each case the allele associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis was identical to that showing evidence for association with T1D. These findings thereby confirm two additional multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes and lend support to the notion of commonality amongst autoimmune susceptibility genes.

• Harbo, Hanne F; Mørk, Sverre; Vedeler, Christian A. & Myhr, Kjell-Morten (2007). Biobank for multippel sklerose etablert. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening.  ISSN 0029-2001.  127(17), s 2276
• SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Brynedal, B; Jonasdottir, G; Lorentzen, AR; Masterman, T.; Akesson, E; Spurkland, Anne; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Palmgren, J; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Hillert, J & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2007). The impact of HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 alleles on age at onset, disease course and severity in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis patients. European Journal of Neurology.  ISSN 1351-5101.  14, s 22- 22
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Utsi, E; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; T Kampman, M; Celius, EG; Myhr, KM & Lie, BA (2006). Low prevalence of multiple sclerosis in a Sami population is related to low frequency of the disease-associated HLA DR15-DQ6 haplotype. Tissue Antigens.  ISSN 0001-2815.  67, s 523- 523
• Harbo, HF; Utsi, Egil; Kampman, Margitta Theodora; Celius, EG; Myhr, KM; Lie, BA; Mellgren, Svein Ivar & Thorsby, E (2006). Low prevalence of multiple sclerosis and the HLA CR15-DQ6 halotype in Sami. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  12, s 71- 71
• Lorentzen, AR; SMESTAD, CATHRINE; Ekstrøm, Per Olaf; Oturai, Annette Bang; Åkesson, Eva; Saarela, Janna; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Sorensen, PS; Hillert, Jan; Spurkland, Anne & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2006). The role of SH2D2A gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis.  ISSN 1352-4585.  12(Suppl 1), s S72- S72
• Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Celius, EG; Ekstrom, P; Wiencke, Kristine; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Myhr, KM; Ling, V; Thorsby, Erik; Vartdal, Frode; Spurkland, Anne & Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2005). The CD28/CTLA4/ICOS gene region does not show assosiation in Norwegian multiple sclerosis patients. Genes and Immunity.  ISSN 1466-4879.  6
• Wiencke, Kristine; Karlsen, TH; Boberg, Kirsten Muri; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Thorsby, Erik; Schrumpf, Erik & Spurkland, Anne (2005). Association to the HLA-DR6 haplotype in PSC: Additional effects in the HLA class I/extended class I region. Journal of Hepatology.  ISSN 0168-8278.  42
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad (2003). Genome-wide screen and candidate gene search in multiple sclerosis.
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Sawcer, Stephen; Dai, Ke-Zheng; Oturai, Anette; Ryder, Lars P.; Sørensen, P S; Svejgaard, Arne; Hillert, Jan; Lorentzen, Åslaug R.; Fredrikson, S.; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Laaksonen, Mikko; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Nyland, Harald I.; Edland, A.; Melgren, SI.*; Compston, Alistair; Vartdal, Frode & Spurkland, Anne (2003). Genes in the HLA class I region may modify the genetic associated susceptiblility to multiple sclerosis.
• Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Sawcer, Stephen; Dai, Ke-Zheng; Oturai, Anette; Ryder, Lars P.; Sørensen, P S; Svejgaard, Arne; Hillert, Jan; Lorentzen, Åslaug R.; Fredrikson, S.; Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild; Laaksonen, Mikko; Myhr, Kjell Morten; Nyland, Harald I.; Edland, A.; Melgren, SI.*; Compston, Alistair; Vartdal, Frode & Spurkland, Anne (2003). Genes in the HLA class I region may modify the genetic associated susceptiblility to multiple sclerosis.
• Datta, P; Harbo, HF; Spurkland, Anne; Ryder, LP; Sawcer, S; Akesson, E; Celius, EG; Modin, H; Sandberg-Wollheim, M; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Anderson, O; Hillert, Jan; Sorensen, PS; Svejgaard, A; Compston, A & Vartdal, F (2002). A Scandinavian genome-wide linkage disequilibrium screen in multiple sclerosis patients indicates association to 1q (D1S1601) and 11q (D11S1986).
• Harbo, HF; Datta, P; Oturai, A; Ryder, LP; Sawcer, S; Setakis, E; Clayton, D; Akesson, E; Celius, EG; Modim, H; Sandberg-Wollheim, M; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Anderson, O; Hillert, Jan; Sorensen, PS; Svejgaard, A; Compston, A & Vartdal, F (2002). Two genomewide linkage disequilibrium screens in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis patients reveal association to chromosome regions lp34, 6p21, 11q23, 12q23 and 19q13.
• Harbo, HF; Datta, P; Spurkland, Anne; Ryder, LP; Sawcer, S; Celius, EG; Modin, H; Akesson, E; Sandberg-Wollheim, M; Myhr, Kjell-Morten; Anderson, O; Hillert, Jan; Sorensen, PS; Svejgaard, A; Vartdal, F & Oturai, A (2002). A genome-wide linkage disequilibrium screen in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis patients shows association to chromosome regions at 1q (D1S1601) and 11q (D11S1986).
• Dai, Ke-Zheng; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Vartdal, Frode & Spurkland, Anne (2000). A polymorphism in the SH2D2A gene encoding the T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd ) is associated to multiple sclerosis. Vis sammendrag

  We have cloned and sequenced the SH2D2A gene encoding the T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd), which is probably involved in the control of T cell activation. A highly polymorphic GA repeat at -340 bp upstream of the first coding ATG was found in the promoter region. At least 15 different alleles (from GA13 to GA29) of the GA repeat was observed among 271 healthy unrelated Norwegians. No alleles of GA14, have been observed so far. Using the GA repeat as a marker, we mapped the SH2D2A gene to the 1q21 region close to the CD1 cluster. The corresponding chromosomal region has been implicated in the susceptibility of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the mouse, an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). We therefore tested whether the GA repeat shows association to MS among Norwegians. The frequency of the shortest allele GA13 was found to be increased in two different sets of MS patients (overall RR=1.9, p=0.005). Among 30 Norwegian MS families with affected sibs, increased transmission of short alleles and reduced transmission of long GA repeat alleles were observed, although the number of families studied was to small to reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the SH2D2A gene or a gene in close linkage may influence the development of MS disease. (NFR-prosjekt 129081/310)

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