Per Andreas Høglend

• Ulberg, Randi; Hummelen, Benjamin; Hersoug, Anne Grete; Midgley, Nick; Høglend, Per Andreas & Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen (2021). The first experimental study of transference work-in teenagers (FEST-IT): a multicentre, observer- and patient-blind, randomised controlled component study. BMC Psychiatry.  ISSN 1471-244X. . doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03055-y Vis sammendrag

  Background: Little is known about the influence on outcome of exploration of the patient-therapist relationship (that is, transference work) in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. We hypothesized that depressed adolescents would have better long-term effects from psychoanalytic psychotherapy with than without transference work. Methods: Depressed adolescent (16 to 18 years) were recruited in health authority funded out-patient clinics in Oslo and Vestfold County, Norway. They were randomized to 28 weeks of treatment with psychoanalytic psychotherapy with or without transference work. Change was assessed using linear-mixed models. The primary outcome measure was the Psychodynamic Functioning Scale (pre- post-, and 1-year post-treatment). Level of depression was measured at the same time points and during therapy (week 12, and 20). Results: 69 adolescents were treated with (N = 39) or without (N = 31) transference work. The mean number of sessions was 18.6 (SD = 8,6) in the transference work group and 18.0 (SD = 10.9) in the non-transference work group. Both groups showed large and significant improvement on Psychodynamic Functioning Scale during the whole study period. The difference between the two groups was not significant during the treatment period (95% CI -.79 to 1.2, p = .674, F = .18), or from post-treatment to one-year follow-up (95% CI -.13 to .96; p = .134; F = 2.3). For the secondary outcome measures the transference work group had significantly better outcomes from 12 weeks in treatment to one-year follow-up (Beck Depression Inventory, 95% CI - 1.7 to -.14, p = .022; Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, 95% CI - 1.6 to -.23, p = .009). Conclusion: The findings suggest that exploration of the adolescents' relations to the therapist amplify the effects of short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy on their depressive symptoms for adolescents with a Major Depressive Disorder.

• Nissen-Lie, Helene Amundsen; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen & Høglend, Per Andreas (2020). Patient factors predict therapists' emotional countertransference differently depending on whether therapists use transference work in psychodynamic therapy. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  s 1- 14 . doi: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1762947 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Objective: Recently, studies have reported systematic relationships between the therapists’ emotional response/countertransference (CT) during therapy and a variety of patient characteristics, speaking to the communicative potential of CT. Within an RCT assessing the role of transference work (TW) in psychodynamic therapy, we investigated whether therapist CT was related to patients’ pre-treatment interpersonal problems, degree of personality pathology and motivation for psychodynamic therapy. Secondly, we explored if these relationships depended on whether the therapists used TW or not in sessions. Method: One hundred outpatients were treated with psychodynamic psychotherapy (with or without TW) for one year. Their therapists’ emotional reactions after sessions (CT) were assessed with the Feeling Word Checklist-58 (FWC-58). Results: Four subscales of the FWC-58; Inadequate, Confident, Disengaged and Parental feelings were differentially predicted by patient characteristics. Some of the associations depended on treatment condition such that degree of PD pathology was associated with therapists feeling more inadequate in the non-TW-group. Patients’ motivation for treatment was associated with less disturbing CT feelings, such as Inadequate and Disengaged CT (the latter especially in the TW group), and feeling more Confident CT. Conclusion: Patient factors predict therapists’ emotional countertransference differently depending on whether therapists use transference work in psychodynamic therapy

• Nordmo, Magnus; Monsen, Jon Trygve; Høglend, Per Andreas & Solbakken, Ole Andre (2020). Investigating the dose–response effect in open-ended psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307. . doi: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1861359
• Siegel, Marte Langenes; Binder, Eva Mathilde Gullestad; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi; Critchfield, Kenneth L.; Høglend, Per Andreas & Ulberg, Randi (2020). Therapeutic Atmosphere in Psychotherapy Sessions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH).  ISSN 1661-7827.  17(11) . doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114105 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  There is uncertainty concerning what the active ingredients in psychotherapy are. The First Experimental Study of Transference interpretations (FEST) was a randomized controlled trial of the effects of transference work (TW) in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Women with low quality of object relations (QOR) showed a large positive effect of transference work, while men with high QOR showed a slight negative effect. The present study aimed to expand the knowledge from the FEST by investigating the therapeutic atmosphere with Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB). Two-way ANOVAs were conducted to investigate differences between SASB cluster scores between subgroups. The therapeutic atmosphere was characterized by Protect-Trust, Affirm-Disclose and Control-Submit. Multilevel modeling was used to assess the relationship between a therapist variable and outcomes for men and women. Contrary to expectations, no significant differences in therapeutic atmosphere between subgroups (with or without TW in women with low QOR and men with high QOR) were observed using the process measure SASB.

• Tallberg, Björn Peter Urban; Ulberg, Randi; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen & Høglend, Per Andreas (2020). Core conflictual relationship theme: the reliability of a simplified scoring procedure. BMC Psychiatry.  ISSN 1471-244X.  20 . doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02558-4 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Høglend, Per Andreas & Hagtvet, Knut Arne (2019). Change mechanisms in psychotherapy: Both improved insight and improved affective awareness are necessary. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0022-006X.  87(4), s 332- 344 . doi: 10.1037/ccp0000381
• Sørbye, Øystein; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Eells, Tracy D.; Amlo, Svein; Hersoug, Anne Grete; Haukvik, Unn Kristin H.; Hartberg, Cecilie Bhandari; Høglend, Per Andreas & Ulberg, Randi (2019). Psychodynamic case formulations without technical language: a reliability study. BMC Psychology.  ISSN 2050-7283.  7 . doi: 10.1186/s40359-019-0337-5 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Marble, Alice Ruth; Høglend, Per Andreas & Ulberg, Randi (2018). Recovery and Nonrecovery After Psychotherapy With Transference Interpretation: Two Case Studies.. American Journal of Psychotherapy.  ISSN 0002-9564. . doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20180014 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Ness, Elisabeth; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Tallberg, Björn Peter Urban; Amlo, Svein; Høglend, Per Andreas; Thorén, Agnetha; Egeland, Jens & Ulberg, Randi (2018). Assessment of dynamic change in psychotherapy with asdolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health (CAPMH).  ISSN 1753-2000.  12:39, s 1- 11 . doi: 10.1186/s13034-018-0246-z
• Ulberg, Randi; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Amlo, Svein; Blayvas, Phelix & Høglend, Per Andreas (2018). Psykodynamisk kartlegging av ungdom og voksne ved hjelp av semistrukturert intervju og funksjonsskalaer. Mellanrummet: Nordisk tidskrift för barn- och ungdomspsykoterapi.  ISSN 2000-8511. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  Få redskaper finnes for å kartlegge og evaluere dynamisk endring i forbindelse med psykodynamisk terapi. Psykodynamiske funksjonsskalaer (PFS) er revidert og oversatt til norsk. Basert på et psykodynamisk intervju er skalaene egnet for kartlegging av dynamisk fingering hos ungdom og voksne. I denne artikkelen presenteres en revidert versjon av PFS som er oversatt fra engelsk til norsk. En guide for det semistrukturerte intervjuet er også inkludert.

• Dahl, Hanne Sofie Johnsen; Høglend, Per Andreas; Ulberg, Randi; Amlo, Svein; Gabbard, Glen O.; Perry, John Christopher & Crits-Christoph, Paul (2017). Does Therapists' Disengaged Feelings Influence the Effect of Transference Work? A Study on Countertransference. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  24(2), s 462- 474 . doi: 10.1002/cpp.2015
• Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Ulberg, Randi; Marble, Alice Ruth; Gabbard, Glen O.; Røssberg, Jan Ivar & Høglend, Per Andreas (2017). Beyond the Statistics: A Case Comparison Study of Victor and Tim. Psychoanalytic psychology.  ISSN 0736-9735.  34(4), s 461- 477 . doi: 10.1037/pap0000085
• Ulberg, Randi; Amlo, Svein; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen & Høglend, Per Andreas (2017). Does Insight Mediate Treatment and Enhance Outcome?. Psychoanalytic inquiry.  ISSN 0735-1690.  37(3), s 140- 152 . doi: 10.1080/07351690.2017.1285184 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  According to psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theory, insight is an important mechanism which may lead to better interpersonal functioning. In the present paper we have summarized empirical studies attempting to shed some light on insight as a putative mediator of treatment effects. Two case examples illustrate how improved insight might lead to clinical change.

• Fjeldstad, Anette; Høglend, Per Andreas & Lorentzen, Steinar (2016). Presence of personality disorder moderates the long-term effects of short-term and long-term psychodynamic group therapy: A 7-Year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Group Dynamics.  ISSN 1089-2699.  20(4), s 294- 309 . doi: 10.1037/gdn0000055
• Nerdrum, Per; Geirdal, Amy Østertun & Høglend, Per Andreas (2016). Psychological Distress in Norwegian Nurses and Teachers over Nine Years. Professions and Professionalism.  ISSN 1893-1049.  6(3), s 15 . doi: 10.7577/pp.1477 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Ulberg, Randi; Ness, Elisabeth; Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Høglend, Per Andreas; Critchfield, Kenneth L.; Blayvas, Phelix & Amlo, Svein (2016). Relational interventions in psychotherapy: development of a therapy process rating scale. BMC Psychiatry.  ISSN 1471-244X.  16(310) . doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-1021-4 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv.
• Fjeldstad, Anette; Høglend, Per Andreas & Lorentzen, Steinar (2015). Patterns of Change in Interpersonal Problems During and After Short-term and Long-term Psychodynamic Group Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research.  ISSN 1055-050X.  27(3), s 350- 361 . doi: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1102357
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Fjeldstad, Anette; Ruud, Torleif; Marble, Alice Ruth; Klungsøyr, Ole; ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2015). The Effectiveness of Short- and Long-Term Psychodynamic Group Psychotherapy on Self-Concept: Three Years Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial. International journal of group psychotherapy.  ISSN 0020-7284.  65(3), s 362- 85 . doi: 10.1521/ijgp.2015.65.3.362
• Nissen-Lie, Helene A; Havik, Odd E.; Høglend, Per Andreas; Rønnestad, Michael Helge & Monsen, Jon Trygve (2015). Patient and therapist perspectives on alliance development: Therapists' practice experiences as predictors. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  22(4), s 317- 327 . doi: 10.1002/cpp.1891
• Nissen-Lie, Helene A; Rønnestad, Michael Helge; Høglend, Per Andreas; Havik, Odd E.; Solbakken, Ole Andre; Stiles, Tore C & Monsen, Jon Trygve (2015). Love yourself as a person, doubt yourself as a therapist?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  24(1), s 48- 60 . doi: 10.1002/cpp.1977
• Dahl, Hanne Sofie; Røssberg, Jan Ivar; Crits-Christoph, Paul; Gabbard, Glen O.; Hersoug, Anne Grete; Perry, John Christopher; ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2014). Long-term effects of analysis of the patient-therapist relationship in the context of patients' personality pathology and therapists' parental feelings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0022-006X.  82(3), s 460- 471 . doi: 10.1037/a0036410
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2014). When Is Transference Work Useful in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy? Main Results of the First Experimental Study of Transference Work (FEST). Contemporary psychoanalysis.  ISSN 0010-7530.  50(1-2), s 156- 174 . doi: 10.1080/00107530.2014.880314
• Høglend, Per Andreas (2014). Exploration of the patient-therapist relationship in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry.  ISSN 0002-953X.  171(10), s 1056- 1066 . doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010121
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Ruud, Torleif; Fjeldstad, Anette & Høglend, Per Andreas (2014). Personality disorder moderates outcome in short- and long-term group analytic psychotherapy: A randomized clinical trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0144-6657.  54(2), s 129- 146 . doi: 10.1111/bjc.12065 Vis sammendrag

  Objectives. In a randomized clinical trial, short- and long-term psychodynamic group psychotherapy (STG and LTG, respectively) schedules were equally effective for the ‘typical’ patient during a 3-year study period. Although several studies have reported good effects for patients with personality disorders (PD) in diverse forms of psychotherapy, the significance of treatment duration is unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that PD patients would improve more during and after LTG than STG. Design. A randomized, longitudinal, prospective study contrasting the outcomes during and after short- and long-term dynamic group psychotherapies. Methods. One hundred and sixty-seven outpatients with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, orPDwere randomized to STG or LTG (respectively, 20 or 80 weekly sessions of 90 min each). Outcome measures are as follows: symptoms (SCL-90-R), interpersonal problems (IIP-C), and psychosocial functioning (GAF split version: GAF-Symptom and GAF-Function). PD pathology (number of PD criteria items) was selected a priori as a putative moderator of treatment effects. Change during the 3-year study period was assessed using linear mixed models. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov asNCT 00021417. Results. Our hypothesis was supported, as patients with PD improved significantly more regarding all outcome variables in LTG than STG. For patients without PD, the rate of change was similar across 3 years; however, the rate of change in symptoms and interpersonal problems was higher in STG during the first 6 months. Conclusions. The effectiveness of LTG is higher for patients with co-morbid PD. Patients without PD do not appear to experience additional gain from LTG.

• ULBERG, RANDI; Amlo, Svein; Critchfield, Kenneth L.; Marble, Alice Ruth & Høglend, Per Andreas (2014). Transference Interventions and the Process Between Therapist and Patient. Psychotherapy.  ISSN 0033-3204.  51(2), s 258- 269 . doi: 10.1037/a0034708
• ULBERG, RANDI; Amlo, Svein; Hersoug, Anne Grete; Dahl, Hanne Sofie & Høglend, Per Andreas (2014). The Effects of the Therapist’s Disengaged Feelings on the In-Session Process in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0021-9762.  70(5), s 440- 451 . doi: 10.1002/jclp.22088
• ULBERG, RANDI; Amlo, Svein & Høglend, Per Andreas (2014). Manual for transference work scale; a micro-analytical tool for therapy process analyses. BMC Psychiatry.  ISSN 1471-244X.  14(1) . doi: 10.1186/s12888-014-0291-y
• Diseth, Rigmor Randi & Høglend, Per Andreas (2013). Compulsory mental health care in Norway: The treatment criterion. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry.  ISSN 0160-2527.  37(2), s 168- 173 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.11.001
• Gullestad, Frida Slagstad; Johansen, Merete Selsbakk; Høglend, Per Andreas; Karterud, Sigmund & Wilberg, Theresa (2013). Mentalization as a moderator of treatment effects: Findings from a randomized clinical trial for personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  23(6), s 674- 689 . doi: 10.1080/10503307.2012.684103
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Høglend, Per Andreas; Gabbard, Glen O. & Lorentzen, Steinar (2013). The combined predictive effect of patient characteristics and alliance on long-term dynamic and interpersonal functioning after dynamic psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  20(4), s 297- 307 . doi: 10.1002/cpp.1770
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Ruud, Torleif; Fjeldstad, Anette & Høglend, Per Andreas (2013). Comparison of short- and long-term dynamic group psychotherapy: randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Psychiatry.  ISSN 0007-1250.  203(4), s 280- 287 . doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113688
• Nissen-Lie, Helene A; Havik, Odd E.; Høglend, Per Andreas; Monsen, Jon Trygve & Rønnestad, Michael Helge (2013). The Contribution of the quality of therapists' personal lives to the development of the working alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology.  ISSN 0022-0167.  60(4), s 483- 495 . doi: 10.1037/a0033643
• Dahl, Hanne Sofie; Røssberg, Jan Ivar; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter; Gabbard, GO & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Countertransference feelings in one year of individual therapy: An evaluation of the factor structure in the Feeling Word Checklist-58. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  22(1), s 12- 25 . doi: 10.1080/10503307.2011.622312
• Høglend, Per Andreas & Gabbard, Glen O. (2012). When is transference work useful psychodynamic psychotherapy: A review of of empirical research, In R Levy; J. Stuart Ablon & Horst Kächele (ed.),  Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Research: Evidence-Based Practice and Practice-Based Evidence.  Humana Press.  ISBN 1607617919.  26.  s 449 - 470
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Bakali, Jan-Vegard; Hersoug, Anne Grete; Hagtvet, Knut Arne; Ruud, Torleif & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Psychodynamic group psychotherapy: Impact of group lenght and therapist professional characteristics on development of therapeutic alliance. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  19(5), s 420- 433 . doi: 10.1002/cpp.758
• Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Høglend, Per Andreas & Malt, E (2012). Kunnskapsbasert psykiatri, I: Ole Andreas Andreassen (red.),  Lærebok i psykiatri.  Gyldendal Akademisk.  ISBN 978-82-05-39739-2.  3.  s 59 - 79
• ULBERG, RANDI; Hersoug, Anne Grete & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Treatment of adolescents with depression: the effect of transference interventions in a randomized controlled study of dynamic psychotherapy. Trials.  ISSN 1745-6215.  13(159) . doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-159
• ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Når, hvordan og for hvem virker overføringsarbeid i psykodynamisk psykoterapi ?, I:  Psykoterapi i utvikling.  Akademisk Forlag.  ISBN 978-82-321-0015-6.  Kapittel.  s 97 - 117
• ULBERG, RANDI; Høglend, Per Andreas; Marble, Alice Ruth & Johansson, Paul Niklas (2012). Women Respond More Favorably to Transference Intervention Than Men: A Randomized Study of Long-Term Effects. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.  ISSN 0022-3018.  200(3), s 223- 229 . doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e318247cb6d
• Diseth, Rigmor Randi; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter & Høglend, Per Andreas (2011). Attitudes among stakeholders towards compulsory mental health care in Norway. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry.  ISSN 0160-2527.  34(1), s 1- 6 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2010.11.001
• Diseth, Rigmor Randi & Høglend, Per Andreas (2011). Potential legal protection problems in the use of compulsory commitment in mental health care in Norway. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry.  ISSN 0160-2527.  34, s 393- 399 . doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.10.003
• Høglend, Per Andreas; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter; Hersoug, Anne Grete; Amlo, Svein; Marble, Alice Ruth; Sørbye, Øystein; Røssberg, Jan Ivar; ULBERG, RANDI; Gabbard, Glen O. & Crits-Christoph, Paul (2011). Effects of Transference Work in the Context of Therapeutic Alliance and Quality of Object Relations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0022-006X.  79(5), s 697- 706 . doi: 10.1037/a0024863
• Høglend, Per Andreas; Dahl, Hanne Sofie; Hersoug, Anne Grete; Lorentzen, Steinar & Perry, J. Christopher (2011). Long-term effects of transference interpretation in dynamic psychotherapy of personality disorders. European psychiatry.  ISSN 0924-9338.  26(7), s 419- 424 . doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.05.006
• Johansson, Paul Niklas; Høglend, Per Andreas & Hersoug, Anne Grete (2011). Therapeutic alliance mediates the effect of patient expectancy in dynamic psychotherapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0144-6657.  50, s 283- 297 . doi: 10.1348/014466510X517406
• Johansson, Paul Niklas; Høglend, Per Andreas & Hersoug, Anne Grete (2011). Therapeutic alliance mediates the effect of patient expectancy in dynamic psychotherapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0144-6657.  50(3), s 283- 297 . doi: 10.1348/014466510X517406 Vis sammendrag

  Objectives. Patient expectancy has been regarded as an important predictor of psychotherapy outcome, for more than half a century. In recent years, some evidence has emerged indicating that the therapeutic alliance may mediate the association between expectancy and outcome. Design. In this dismantling, randomized clinical study, 100 out-patients who sought psychotherapy due to depression, anxiety, and personality disorders, were assigned to 1 year of dynamic psychotherapy with and without transference interpretation. Methods. Patients’ pre-treatment target expectancies and global expectancy were measured in this clinical trial. Tests of mediation were performed with two patientrated and one therapist-rated measure of the therapeutic alliance, using regression analyses. Six putative moderators of the mediational paths were explored. Results. Global Optimism was significantly associated with two clinician-rated outcome measures – the Psychodynamic Functioning Scales and Global Assessment of Functioning. Both patient ratings, but not the therapist rating of alliance mediated the association between global expectancy and clinician-rated outcome. None of the putative moderators had a significant effect. Conclusion. The results, together with previous findings, indicate that the expectancy–alliance–outcome mediational chain is a general phenomenon, not limited to subgroups of patients or modes of treatment.

• Lorentzen, Steinar; Høglend, Per Andreas; Martinsen, Egil Wilhelm & Ringdal, Esther (2011). Practice-Based Evidence: Patients Who Did Not Respond to Group Analysis. International journal of group psychotherapy.  ISSN 0020-7284.  61(3), s 367- 395 . doi: 10.1521/ijgp.2011.61.3.366
• Marble, Alice Ruth; Høglend, Per Andreas & ULBERG, RANDI (2011). Change in Self-protect Ion and Symptoms After Dynamic Psychotherapy: The Influence of Pretreatment Motivation. Journal of Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0021-9762.  67(4), s 355- 367 . doi: 10.1002/jclp.20771
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Høglend, Per; Havik, Odd E. & Monsen, Jon T. (2010). Development of working alliance over the course of psychotherapy. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice.  ISSN 1476-0835.  83(2), s 145- 159 . doi: 10.1348/147608309X471497
• Johansson, Paul Niklas; Høglend, Per Andreas; ULBERG, RANDI; Amlo, Svein; Marble, Alice Ruth; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter; Sørbye, Øystein; Sjaastad, Mary & Heyerdahl, Oscar (2010). The Mediating Role of Insight for Long-Term Improvements in Psychodynamic Therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0022-006X.  78(3), s 438- 448 . doi: 10.1037/a0019245
• Kallestad, Håvard; Valen, Jakob; McCullough, Leigh; Svartberg, Martin; Høglend, Per Andreas & Stiles, Tore C (2010). The relationship between insight gained during therapy and long-term outcome in short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for cluster C personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  20(5), s 526- 534 . doi: 10.1080/10503307.2010.492807 Vis sammendrag

  This study examined whether 49 patients from a randomized controlled trial developed insight during therapy and whether insight predicted long-term outcome in short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STDP) and cognitive therapy (CT) for Cluster C personality disorders. Videotaped sessions early and late in treatment were analyzed using the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale. Patients' level of insight increased significantly during STDP but not CT. After controlling for early symptom change and early insight, insight near the end of therapy predicted improvement of symptom severity and interpersonal functioning during a 2-year follow-up period. These results support the theoretical assumption that insight may be a factor in the change process, central to STDP. Within CT, gain of insight did not predict long-term improvement.

• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Høglend, Per Andreas; Havik, Odd E.; Lippe, Anna Louise von der & Monsen, Jon Trygve (2009). Pretreatment patient characteristics related to the level and development of working alliance in long-term psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  19(2), s 172- 180 . doi: 10.1080 Vis sammendrag

  This study explored pretreatment patient characteristics associated with the working alliance in therapies lasting up to 120 therapy sessions. The quality of working alliance was rated by both patients (N=201) and therapists (N=61) at session 3, 12, 20 and then every 20th successive session. Patients’ reported experience of good maternal care up to adolescence and better current interpersonal relationships were associated with positive ratings of working alliance throughout therapy. Higher global functioning was associated with growth of alliance over time. Higher levels of interpersonal problems of the cold/detached kind were associated with poorer early working alliance. On the other hand, this type of interpersonal problem was also associated with improvement of working alliance over time. Therapists’ ratings of alliance were associated with patients’ intrapsychic functioning. Implications for treatment and research are discussed.

• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Høglend, Per; Havik, Odd E.; Lippe, Anna Louise von der & Monsen, Jon (2009). Therapist characteristics influencing the quality of alliance in long-term psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  16(2), s 100- 110 . doi: 10.1002/cpp.605
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Høglend, Per; Havik, Odd E.; von der Lippe, Anna & Monsen, Jon t. (2009). Pretreatment patient characteristics related to the level and development of working alliance in long-term psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  19(2), s 172- 180 . doi: 10.1080/10503300802657374
• ULBERG, RANDI; Høglend, Per Andreas; Marble, Alice Ruth & Sørbye, Øystein (2009). From submission to autonomy: approaching independent decision making. A single-case study in a randomized, controlled study of long-term effects of dynamic psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy.  ISSN 0002-9564.  63(3), s 227- 243
• ULBERG, RANDI; Johansson, Paul Niklas; Marble, Alice Ruth & Høglend, Per Andreas (2009). Patient Sex as Moderator of Effects of Transference Interpretation in a Randomized Controlled Study of Dynamic Psychotherapy. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (CJP).  ISSN 0706-7437.  54(2), s 78- 86
• ULBERG, RANDI; Marble, Alice Ruth & Høglend, Per Andreas (2009). Do gender and level of relational functioning influence the long-term treatment response in dynamic psychotherapy?. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry.  ISSN 0803-9488.  63(5), s 412- 419 . doi: 10.1080/08039480903009126
• Hagtvet, Knut Arne & Høglend, Per Andreas (2008). Assessing precision of change scores in psychodynamic psychotherapy: A generalizability theory approach. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development.  ISSN 0748-1756.  41, s 162- 178
• Høglend, Per Andreas; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter; Amlo, Svein; Marble, Alice Ruth; ULBERG, RANDI; Sjaastad, Mary; Sørbye, Øystein; Heyerdahl, Oscar & Johansson, Paul Niklas (2008). Transference interpretations in dynamic psychotherapy: Do they really yield sustained effects?. American Journal of Psychiatry.  ISSN 0002-953X.  165 . doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07061028
• Høglend, Per Andreas; Johansson, Paul Niklas; Marble, Alice Ruth; Bogwald, KP & Amlo, S (2007). Moderators of the effects of transference interpretations in brief dynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  17 . doi: 10.1080/10503300701194206
• Johansson, Paul Niklas & Høglend, Per Andreas (2007). Identifying mechanisms of change in psychotherapy: Mediators of treatment outcome. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  14, s 1- 9 . doi: 10.1002/cpp.514
• Høglend, Per Andreas; Amlo, Svein; Marble, Alice Ruth; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter; Sørbye, Øystein; Sjaastad, Mary & Heyerdahl, Oscar (2006). Analysis of the patient-therapist relationship in dynamic psychotherapy: An experimental study of transference interpretations. American Journal of Psychiatry.  ISSN 0002-953X.  163, s 1739- 1746
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter & Høglend, Per Andreas (2005). Changes of defensive functioning. Does interpretation contribute to change ?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  12(14), s 288- 296
• Lorentzen, Steinar & Høglend, Per Andreas (2005). Predictors of change after long-term analytic group psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology.  ISSN 0021-9762.  61(12), s 1541- 1553
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Høglend, Per Andreas & Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter (2004). Is there an optimal adjustment of interpretation to patients' level of defensive functioning?. American Journal of Psychotherapy.  ISSN 0002-9564.  58, s 349- 361
• Høglend, Per Andreas (2004). Analysis of transference in dynamic psychotherapy: a review of empirical research. Revue canadienne de psychanalyse.  ISSN 1195-3330.  12(2), s 280- 300
• Lorentzen, Steinar & Høglend, Per Andreas (2004). Predictors of change during long-term analytic group therapy. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.  ISSN 0033-3190.  73, s 25- 35
• Nerdrum, Per; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Høglend, Per Andreas; Oppedal, Brit; Gundersen, R; Holte, M. & Lone, J (2004). A 7-year prospective quasi-experimental study of the effects of removing dental amalgam in 76 self-referred patients compared with 146 controls. Journal of Psychosomatic Research.  ISSN 0022-3999.  57, s 103-111
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Sexton, Harold & Høglend, Per Andreas (2004). Therapeutic alliance, cohesion and outcome in a long-term analytic group. A preliminary study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry.  ISSN 0803-9488.  58, s 33- 40
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Bøgwald, Kjell-Petter & Høglend, Per Andreas (2003). Are patient and therapist characteristics associated with the use of defence interpretation in brief dynamic psychotherapy?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.  ISSN 1063-3995.  10, s 209- 219 Vis sammendrag

  Patient and therapist characteristics were explored as predictors of the use of defence interpretation in non-manualized brief dynamic therapy (N= 38, max 40 sessions). Therapist interventions were rated with Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale in an early session (7th) and in the mid-phase of therapy (16th session). Low quality of patients� interpersonal relationships (rated with Dynamic Scales) was associated with more interpretation early in the therapy. Therapists with greater experience gave more interpretation. The combination of more maladaptive defensive functioning (rated with Defense Mechanism Rating Scales) and low quality of working alliance was associated with a high proportion of interpretation. Differences between individual therapists accounted for 35% of the variance in interpretation early in therapy and 42 % in the mid-phase. Therapists gave significantly more interpretation in the mid-phase compared to early in the therapy.

• Høglend, Per Andreas (2003). Research on long-term effects of brief dynamic psychotherapy (early career award paper). Psychotherapy Research.  ISSN 1050-3307.  13, s 271- 292
• Nerdrum, Per & Høglend, Per Andreas (2003). Short and long-term effects of training in empatic communication: Trainee personality makes a difference. Clinical Supervisor.  ISSN 0732-5223.  21, s 1- 19
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Monsen, Jon T; Havik, Odd E. & Høglend, Per (2002). Quality of early working alliance in psychotherapy - diagnoses, relationship, and intrapsychic variables as predictors. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.  ISSN 0033-3190.  71, s 18- 27
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Monsen, Jon Trygve; Havik, Odd E. & Høglend, Per Andreas (2002). Quality of working alliance in psychotherapy: Diagnoses, relationships, and intrapsychic variables as predictors. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.  ISSN 0033-3190.  71, s 18- 27 Vis sammendrag

  Background: The aim of the study was the prediction of the quality of early working alliance, from possible predictors among patient pretreatment variables: Diagnoses, current and past relationships, and intrapsychic. Data are from an ongoing, naturalistic Norwegian Multisite Project on Process and Outome of Psychotherapy (NMSPOP). Methods: The sample, N=270, is recruited from 15 outpatient clinics, and 61.1 % of the patients have personality disorders. Alliance was assessed with the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and predictors include independent clinicians' evaluations of diagnostic/interpersonal/intrapsychic characteristics, and patients' self-reports on similar and additional variables. Results: Four of six hypotheses were supported: Quality of working alliance is difficult to predict, early alliance is better predicted than later, diagnostic variables do not predict quality of working alliance, but quality of both current and past relationships are associated with working alliance. In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, 12% variance of working alliance in the 3rd session was explained from current and past relationship variables, whereas alliance in the 12th session was not predicted by the same model. Intrapsychic variables predicted therapists' ratings of alliance, but not patients' ratings. Conclusion: The results are in line with previous research, and also with the theoretical model for working alliance.

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• Høglend, Per Andreas (2018). Insight Into Insight in Psychotherapy. The American Journal of Psychiatry.  175(10), s 923- 924 . doi: doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18050634
• Marble, Alice Ruth; Høglend, Per Andreas & Ulberg, Randi (2018). Patients’ Representation of the Therapeutic Dialogue and the Outcome of Therapy. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.  ISSN 0033-3190.  s 1- 2 . doi: 10.1159/000492618
• Homqvist, Rolf; Nissen-Lie, Helene A; Jørgensen, Carsten René; Broberg, Anders; Gustavsson, Per; Hau, Stephan; Høglend, Per Andreas; Johansson, Håkan; Leiman, Mikael; Lorentzen, Steinar; Philips, Bjorn; Poulsen, Stig; Rønnestad, Michael Helge; Sandahl, Christian; Sandell, Rolf; Varvin, Sverre & Wilberg, Theresa (2017). Enfäldiga riktlinjer för behandling av depression. Dagens nyheter.  ISSN 1101-2447.
• Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Ulberg, Randi; Friis, Svein; Perry, John Christopher & Høglend, Per Andreas (2016). Therapists' inadequate feelings and long-term effect of transference work. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.  ISSN 0033-3190.  85(5), s 309- 310 . doi: 10.1159/000444647
• Dahl, Hanne-Sofie Johnsen; Ulberg, Randi & Høglend, Per Andreas (2016). Therapists’ Self-reported Countertransference and Patients’ Characteristics.
• Amlo, Svein; Blayvas, Phelix; Høglend, Per Andreas & ULBERG, RANDI (2015). Relasjons-Intervensjoner (Extra-Transference Interventions): Kliniske eksempler fra First Experimental Study of Transference-interpretations (FEST).
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Fjeldstad, Anette; Ruud, Torleif & Høglend, Per Andreas (2015). Comparing short- and long-term group therapy: seven-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.  ISSN 0033-3190.  84(5), s 320- 321 . doi: 10.1159/000381751
• Nissen-Lie, Helene A; Høglend, Per Andreas; Monsen, Jon Trygve; Havik, Odd E.; Rønnestad, Michael Helge; Solbakken, Ole Andre & Stiles, Tore C (2013). Therapists' experiences of difficulties inpractice and their self-images (introjects). Does the interplay between thesefactors affect patient outcome from psychotherapy?.
• Amlo, Svein; ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Kliniske eksempler på overføringstolkninger fra the First Experimental Study of Transference- interpretations (FEST).
• Amlo, Svein; ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Transference work Clinical Examples from the First Experimental Study of Transference-interpretations (FEST).
• Nissen-Lie, Helene A; Havik, Odd. E.; Monsen, Jon Trygve; Høglend, Per Andreas & Rønnestad, Michael Helge (2012). Therapists' personal lives and alliance development.
• ULBERG, RANDI; Amlo, Svein & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Transference Work Scale (TWS).Transference interpretations and the process between therapist and patient.
• ULBERG, RANDI; Amlo, Svein & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Transference interpretations and the process between therapist and patient.
• ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2012). Hvordan responderer pasienten? Betydningen av timing og innhold av overføringsintervensjoner.
• ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2010). Gender differences in response to transference interpretations in dynamic psychotherapy. Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo. 1005.
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Bakali, Jan Vegard; Høglend, Per Andreas & Ruud, Torleif (2009). Pretreatment patient characteristics as predictors of alliance in psychodynamic group psychotherapy.
• Lorentzen, Steinar; Høglend, Per Andreas & Ruud, Torleif (2009). The efficacy of short- and long-term psychodynamic group psychotherapy.
• ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2009). Short and Long –Term Responses in Women and Men to Transference Interpretation in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
• Monsen, Jon t.; von der Lippe, Anna; Høglend, Per; Svartberg, Martin; Stiles, Tore; Lyngstad, Gunnar & Havik, Odd E. (2008). The Norwegian Multicenter Project for the Study of Process and Outcome of Psychotherapy – Some preliminary analysis of outcome.
• Hersoug, Anne Grete; Høglend, Per Andreas; Havik, Odd E.; von der Lippe, Anna & Monsen, Jon Trygve (2008). Therapist characteristics influencing the quality of working alliance.
• ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2008). Long –Term Responses in Women and Men to Transference Interpretation in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
• ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2008). Long-term structural and dynamic change in women after psychotherapy with and without transference interpretations.
• ULBERG, RANDI & Høglend, Per Andreas (2007). The Role of Patient Gender and QOR in Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy.
• Høglend, Per Andreas (2004). Behovet for helsetjenester i spykisk helsevern. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).  ISSN 0804-3116.
• Høglend, Per Andreas (2004). Trender i nyere psykoterapiforskning og implikasjoner for utdanning av psykiatere. Fellesnytt.  25, s 20- 21
• Havik, Odd E.; Monsen, Jon T; Lippe von der, Anna; Høglend, Per; Svartberg, Martin; Stiles, Tore & Lyngstad, Gunnar (2003). The Norwegian multicenter project for the study of process and outcome of psychotherapy.
• Havik, Odd E.; Monsen, Jon T; Lippe von der, Anna; Høglend, Per; Svartberg, Martin; Stiles, Tore & Lyngstad, Gunnar (2003). The Norwegian multicenter project for the study of process and outcome of psychotherapy.

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