Eirik Abildsnes

• Hørte, Cathrine; Vederhus, John-Kåre; Strømland, Monica; Haugland, Siri Håvås; Birkeland, Bente & Abildsnes, Eirik (2026). Adult support and its role in the association between childhood adversity and quality of life in a population-based study. Discover Public Health. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12982-026-02634-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Background Childhood adversities can have long-term impacts on quality of life (QoL), health, and well-being. We surveyed an adult population to assess the prevalence of three common adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): parental alcohol problems, parental mental illness, and violence from caregivers, as well as the overlap between them. We additionally examined the prevalence of adult support across ACE exposure and how this support related to perceived childhood difficulties and adult QoL. Methods This cross-sectional study used retrospective data from the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey in Agder 2023. Data were summarized descriptively, and a Venn diagram illustrated the overlap between ACEs. We examined associations between cumulative exposure and the presence or lack of adult support and how these factors related to perceptions of childhood difficulties and adult QoL using one-way analysis of variance. Results The most prevalent ACEs were parental mental illness and parental alcohol problems (16% and 14%, respectively), while ~ 10% reported violence from a caregiver. We observed substantial overlap amongst the three ACE categories, with 2.4% having experienced all three. Adult support was inversely associated with higher levels of ACE exposure, and analysis showed a pattern of increasing perceived childhood difficulties and decreasing QoL scores. Adult support was consistently associated with the perception of a less difficult childhood and higher QoL, among subjects with the same level of ACE exposure. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of adult support within the context of ACEs, and the need for enhanced measures aimed at supporting those most affected.

• Hørte, Cathrine; Vederhus, John-Kåre & Abildsnes, Eirik (2026). Youth Impacted by a Family Member’s Substance Use: A Qualitative Exploration of Life Course Experiences and Coping. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma. ISSN 1936-1521. 19, p. 1731–1742. doi: 10.1007/s40653-026-00869-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Many reports describe how children and youth are negatively impacted by substance use in their household. Less is known about how they cope. Moreover, there is a scarcity of research that analyses empirical data through a theoretical lens. The aim of the present study was two-fold: to explore the experiences and coping strategies of youth growing up impacted by a family member’s substance use, and to examine how these findings relate to pertinent theory. The participants were 17–21 years of age and had participated in a psychoeducational programme for affected family members. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 6), applying Systematic Text Condensation in a thematic cross-case analysis. Discussions of the findings were informed by insights from the Salutogenic Model of Health. Two main themes emerged. First, growing up with substance use is a lonesome and demanding experience. Second, children and youth cope using methods that may become problematic—such as supressing emotions and trying to be self-supported—as well as strategies aimed at fostering independence and focusing on constructing a better future. By discussing our findings in the context of salutogenic theory, we gained insights into the multifaceted aspects of coping, which may inform practice and facilitate movement towards health in this population.

• Hørte, Cathrine; Vederhus, John-Kåre & Abildsnes, Eirik (2026). Problematic substance use in the family: professionals’ and adolescents’ perspectives on identification and help. A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1177/14034948251405144. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims: The aim of this study was to explore how professionals within the child health, education and welfare sectors perceive the process of identification and how they care for children and young people (CYP) living with problematic substance use (PSU) in their families. We also sought to understand the perceptions of engagements and needs of adolescents living with PSU in their families. Methods: We combine five focus group interviews with professionals and six individual interviews with adolescents. We employ systematic text condensation in a cross-case thematic analysis and discuss our findings, considering Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model. Results: Professionals face barriers to identifying affected CYP on multiple levels and uncertainty about signs of adversities, corresponding to the experiences of adolescents who emphasise a need for vigilant adults. However, the results also suggest the school setting as an enabling arena for identification, follow-up and interdisciplinary collaboration. Both parties request a community of experience in support groups with peers for CYP and increased knowledge on how substance use affects family members. Conclusions: School can be an important arena for identifying CYP affected by PSU and interdisciplinary collaboration in the effort to attend to their needs. There is an identified need to educate professionals and CYP on living with substance use in the household and to promote peer support opportunities for CYP.

• Meland, Eivind; Abildsnes, Eirik; Samdal, Gro Beate; Stea, Tonje Holte; Haugen, Tommy & Berntsen, Sveinung [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Changes in physical activity among overweight and obese Norwegian children aged 6–12: A non-randomized cluster-controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 53(8), p. 872–880. doi: 10.1177/14034948251315350. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims: To explore whether a family-based intervention with playful activities among overweight and obese Norwegian children promoted moderate to vigorous and light physical activity compared with a waiting list control group, and to examine whether gross motor competence, isometric body mass index and motivational factors, as reported by the children and their parents, could explain changes observed during a six-month observation. Methods: A non-randomized cluster-controlled trial with 131 participants, 76 in the intervention group. Participants were aged 6–12 years, and 55 were boys. We performed linear regressions to compare the intervention and the control groups and adjusted linear models to examine predictors for outcomes with the groups merged into one cohort. Results: We could not demonstrate any intervention effect from the family-based activities. Moderate to vigorous physical activity levels were satisfactory at the start and were maintained during the observation period. None of the predictors could explain outcome status at six months, nor residual change of moderate to vigorous physical activity during the observation. We revealed that parental educational attainment, parental autonomous motivation and the participants’ experience of social support impacted light physical activity negatively after six months. Parental education also impacted the residual change of light physical activity negatively during the observation. Conclusions: The present family-based intervention to improve physical activity among overweight and obese children was ineffective. Baseline activity levels were already satisfactory. Paradoxically, factors such as parental socioeconomic status, autonomous motivation and self-reported support from parents and peers may be associated with diminished physical activity in such contexts. These unexpected findings need to be validated in further studies.

• Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Kiland, Charlotte; Rutter, Harry & Abildsnes, Eirik (2025). Raising complex public health challenges on local government agendas: a Norwegian case study. Health Research Policy and Systems. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12961-025-01347-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Public health challenges, ranging from noncommunicable disease prevention to pandemic preparedness, involve both policymaking and the handling of complexity at local, national or global level. The complexity of public health challenges arises from uncertain knowledge, hidden mechanisms, differing conceptual models and multiple stakeholders, making it difficult to identify and agree on problem definitions and potential solutions. This case study aims to provide insights into how complex public health challenges are addressed within local government agendas. We use theories of policy entrepreneurs and agenda setting to explore the processes behind the agenda setting of a public health programme for work inclusion. Methods We conducted an in-depth case study in a local government context. Data from interviews with key informants and political documents were triangulated and analysed using deductive thematic content analysis, framed within Kingdon’s agenda-setting theory and theories of policy entrepreneurs. Results We identified problem framing, the involvement of multiple actors, and turbulent surroundings as influential factors for agenda setting of complex public health challenges in local government. We further identified the significance of the level of influence of policy entrepreneurs’ positions, their coalitions and maintaining agenda control as core mechanisms for enabling agenda setting. We found that strategic manoeuvres of policy entrepreneurs were crucial to handle and manoeuvre complexity within the multiple streams described by Kingdon. Conclusions This article contributes knowledge of how complex public health problems receive attention and how these issues are shaped and defined, placed on governmental agendas, and paired with solutions. The article contributes important insights for understanding policy responses to complex public health problems and how policy entrepreneurs strategically manoeuvre within the streams of policy development to create windows of opportunity and maintain agenda control. This is important knowledge to support agenda setting for public health challenges and to realize policies to improve public health.

• Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Abildsnes, Eirik; Wilson, Philip & Mølland, Eirin (2024). Activities, prerequisites, and outcomes of service coordination: A logic model for the ‘New Patterns’ intervention. Nordisk tidsskrift for livskvalitet og bærekraftig velferdsutvikling. 3(2), p. 72–84. doi: 10.18261/njwel.3.2.2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In Norway, more than one in ten children grow up in low-income families. Persistent low income and its consequences are often transferred across generations, and coordinated cross-sectoral services are potentially part of a solution. In this study, we present a logic model for the ‘New patterns’ intervention. This new service, which aims to prevent the transfer of poverty and accompanying social, financial and health-related consequences across generations, was designed to integrate health and social care for low-income families. The logic model facilitates robust evaluation of the intervention’s effectiveness. New Patterns is an intervention promoting comprehensive and coordinated efforts for families with children who struggle with persistent low income and experience complex challenges. In this intervention, a family coordinator is responsible for conducting close follow-ups with children and adults in ten families over a period of five years. We identified ten activities in the family coordinator’s follow-up of the participating families. These elements are presented in a logic model, which illustrates the potential mechanisms linking activities, prerequisites and short and long-term outcomes. Detailed descriptions of a logic model are useful for its implementation and model fidelity. Thus far, only a few studies have described the constituent activities of coordinating functions. Therefore, this article contributes knowledge on how coordination activities may unfold, and how these activities are interconnected with prerequisites and outcomes. We argue for a more detailed and holistic approach to service coordination and functions that address complex challenges, such as poverty and social inequality.

• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Abildsnes, Eirik; Haraldstad, Kristin & Stea, Tonje Holte (2024). Changes in health‑related quality of life and sleep habits after a 6‑month non‑randomised cluster‑controlled trial among children with overweight or obesity. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. 33, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02375-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Being overweight or obese can have severe negative psychological impacts and reduce health-related functioning. To improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep habits for children with overweight or obesity, it is important to design and implement effective interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-month family-based lifestyle intervention on HRQoL and sleep habits in Norwegian children with overweight or obesity in a primary-care setting. This 6-month, non-randomised, cluster-controlled trial included Norwegian children aged 5–13 years with overweight or obesity and their parents. A questionnaire was filled out by the parents. A total of 33 and 52 children in the control group and 41 and 78 children in the intervention group answered the HRQoL and sleep habits questions, respectively, and were included. The intervention group received individual family counselling and participated in physical activity groups and nutrition courses. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Kidscreen-10 index were used to assess sleep habits and HRQoL. At baseline, the mean average scores for HRQoL were 50.0 [standard deviation (SD) 8.1] for the intervention group and 49.0 (SD 10.1) for the control group. For sleep habits at baseline, the mean average scores were 45.2 (SD 11.8) for the intervention group and 46.0 (SD 11.9) for the control group. No significant changes in HRQoL and sleep habits after the intervention were revealed. Overall, the family-based lifestyle intervention targeting overweight and obese children in a primary-care setting showed no significant effect on HRQoL or sleep quality.

• Wanderås, Magnus; Abildsnes, Eirik; Thygesen, Elin & Martinez, Santiago (2024). Hammering nails with a screwdriver: how GPs perceive video consultations. British Journal of General Practice Open. 8(4), p. 1–10. doi: 10.3399/BJGPO.2024.0010. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of video consultation (VC) expanded considerably, with GPs indicating high satisfaction with it. However, use of VC declined as lockdown measures were eased. Aim: To explore reasons why VC use has declined in Norwegian general practice since the start of the pandemic by investigating GPs’ experiences with VC and their attitudes towards it in a post-pandemic setting. Design & setting: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 13 GPs in southern Norway between May 2022 and March 2023. Method: Data analysis was conducted by applying the six steps of Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Although the implementation of VCs was unplanned, most participants were able to use this modality without much problem. Several GPs initially envisioned long-term VC use. However, despite certain positives, VCs were largely sidelined in favour of face-to-face and telephone consultations, owing to their practicality and VC’s limited usefulness when considering the extra effort required. Nonetheless, GPs recognised ways of using VC that might exploit its strengths, but they highlighted how its sustained use would require them to replace other consultation modalities. They also identified extrinsic factors that might lead to the increased use of VC, including improved VC technology and patient demand. Conclusion: Although VC is now part of many GPs’ consultation toolboxes, its perceived relative lack of usefulness and extra effort compared with other remote consultation modalities mean that most GPs have chosen to abandon it as a routine consultation modality.

• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Mølland, Eirin; Helseth, Sølvi; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Abildsnes, Eirik & Hagen, Milada [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Health-related quality of life and its association with socioeconomic status and mental health in 5- to 7-year-old children: a cross-sectional study. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 34, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1007/s11136-024-03834-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Assessing socioeconomic status (SES), mental health, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young children is crucial for making informed health care decisions and identifying areas of intervention. The present study aimed to investigate potential associations between SES, mental health, and HRQoL in 5–7-year-old children. Method The present study included mother-reported health assessments for 621 children aged 5–7 years in Grade 1 collected between 2019 and 2023 as part of the Starting Right™ project. Online questionnaires were used to support public health nurses in assessing children’s health status. HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-27, 5 subscales) and mental health [Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), 4 subscales] were assessed. Sociodemographic characteristics, sex, maternal education, and income were obtained from Statistics Norway. The data were analyzed using multiple robust regression. Results Mother-reported mean scores for the KIDSCREEN-27 were within the normal range compared with European norms (8–11 years). However, for each KIDSCREEN-27 dimension, there were individuals whose mothers reported scores that were substantially lower than average. Having mental health problems, defined as being in the 80th and 90th percentiles of the SDQ Total problem score, was associated with 2.1–10.7-point lower KIDSCREEN-27 scores (p < 0.001–0.021), which was most noticeable in the KIDSCREEN-27 school environment subscale. Weak but significant positive associations were found between SES and HRQoL. Conclusion Our results provide important insights into the associations between SES, mental health, and HRQoL in young children. Given the strong association between mental health problems and HRQoL in Grade 1 children, the assessment of both is essential, so that early interventions, an improved caring environment, and nurturing support can be initiated.

• Haraldstad, Kristin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Bøe, Tormod; Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Wilson, Philip & Mølland, Eirin (2023). Health-related quality of life of children from low-income families: the new patterns study. BMC Public Health. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17335-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Child poverty has been gradually rising, and about 12% of all Norwegian children are living in a state of relative poverty. This study was part of the New Patterns project, which recruits low-income families requiring long-term welfare services. Included families receive integrated welfare services, with the help of a family coordinator. The current study objectives were to explore the associations between HRQoL, demographic variables (age, gender, immigration status) and leisure activities in children and adolescents in low-income families. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among low-income families. Participating families had children (N = 214) aged 8–18 years.The family had a household income below 60% of the equivalized median population income for three consecutive years and needed long-term welfare services. HRQoL was measured using the KIDSCREEN-27 self-report instrument. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and proportions, were calculated, and ordinary least squares regressions were performed, clustering standard errors at the family level. Results Compared with boys, girls reported lower HRQoL on only one out of five dimensions, physical wellbeing. In the regression analysis we found statistically significant positive associations between migrant status and HRQoL on all five dimensions: physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, parents and autonomy, peers and social support, and school environment. In addition, age was associated with school environment, and age, gender and participation in leisure activities was associated with better physical wellbeing. Conclusions Baseline results regarding HRQoL among children and adolescents in low-income families indicate that they have overall good HRQoL, though some participants had low HRQoL scores, especially on the physical and social support dimensions. Children with an immigrant background report higher HRQoL than do children without an immigrant background.

• Bøe, Tormod; Ostojic, Helene Angelica; Haraldstad, Kristin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Wilson, Philip & Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Self-reported and parent-reported mental health in children from low-income families in Agder, Norway: results from baseline measurements of New Patterns project participants. BMJ Open. 13(11). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076400. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Poverty may pose risks to child and adolescent mental health, but few studies have reported on this association among children and adolescents in low-income families in Norway. Methods Based on a sample participating in an intervention for low-income families in Norway, we report data from the survey administered at the start of the intervention. Mental health problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; self-report (SR) n = 148; parent/proxy-report (PR) n = 153, mean age = 10.8). Demographic and family characteristics were obtained from parent reported data. Results are presented by gender and migration background. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relative contribution of background factors to mental health symptoms. The distribution of scores is compared to UK norms. Results Participants reported relatively high scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Total Difficulties Scale (parent/proxy-report, PR mean=10.7; self-report, SR mean=10.1). Participants with non-immigrant backgrounds scored considerably higher on the Total Difficulties Scale (PR mean difference=2.9; SR 5.3) and on most other domains measured with the SDQ compared with their peers with immigration backgrounds. Participants generally scored higher than or equal to UK norms. Conclusion Participants in the current study had many symptoms of mental health problems, with large differences between those with and without a migrant background. Interventions for low-income families should be based on detailed knowledge about differences in family risks, resources and needs.

• Mølland, Eirin; Lundberg, Kjetil; Haraldstad, Kristin; Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Bøe, Tormod & Danielsen, Hilde [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Economic composition and income volatility of Norwegian low-income families – a mixed method study of its implications. Nordic Journal of Social Research. 14(1), p. 1–22. doi: 10.18261/njsr.14.1.2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: There is a growing amount of research literature documenting increasing social inequality and an increase in the number of children growing up in families with persistently low income in all Scandinavian countries. However, there is a research gap on the issue of income composition; what the main income sources of low-income families are in relation to the families’ position to the labour market and to the welfare state, and possible implications of this to the families’ potential to escape poverty. The aim of this study was to describe the complexity in income sources experienced by low-income families with and without immigrant backgrounds in Norway. Method: Families with children aged 0–17 years (N = 168 families) with low income and in need of long-standing welfare services participated in the New Patterns project. We used a parallel mixed-methods design with quantitative and qualitative research methods, using questionnaires, register data, individual and focus group interviews, workshops with family coordinators and ethnographic fieldwork. Results: Most parents included in the study had low education (51%) and a low proportion participated in the labour market (21%). Twenty different income sources or benefits that the families received were identified and no clear pattern of type of income sources that families received emerged. Families with immigrant background were more likely to receive basic subsistence benefits than non-immigrant background families, and there were corresponding small differences in employment status upon entering the New Patterns project. Several benefits are reduced if families receive other types of income and the interdependence between the various revenue sources increases the unpredictability of total family income. The families have varying degrees of economic literacy, practical finance skills and competence in managing bureaucracy. Conclusion: Income volatility and mechanisms in the Norwegian welfare system contribute to a poverty trap for low-income families who depend on benefits that are not work-related.

• Mølland, Eirin; Haraldstad, Kristin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Håland, Åshild Tellefsen; Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes & Fegran, Liv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in child and school health services among children aged 4 and 6 years in Southern Norway: clinical considerations. BMC Pediatrics. 23(30). doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-03837-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Parent reported mental health can be assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Currently, Norwegian norms for parent-reported SDQ do not exist, whereas Swedish, Danish, and United Kingdom (UK) norms have been published. We aimed to (1) describe parent-reported SDQ among children aged 4 and 6 years in Southern Norway, (2) evaluate empirical cutoff values within the context of the Starting RightTM project in relation to the Swedish, Danish, and UK cutoffs, and (3) evaluate the representativeness of the study sample with regard to parental socioeconomic status. Methods This study included parent-reported observations for 665 children (63% consent rate). Means and standard deviations were calculated for the domains of SDQ, and gender differences were assessed. Based on the Swedish, Danish, and UK cutoffs and the 80th and 90th percentile cutoff values within the study, we calculated the total number of children with borderline and abnormal scores. Results Boys had higher mean total difficulties (7.3 vs 5.6) and impact scores (0.3 vs 0.1) and lower prosocial scores (8.3 vs 8.8) than girls. The differences in means were largest in the case of externalizing symptoms (5.0 vs 3.6) and hyperactivity subscore (3.2 vs 2.3). Using the UK cutoff values, 28 and 25 children had borderline and abnormal total difficulties scores, respectively. The corresponding numbers using the within study or Scandinavian cutoff values were 84–99 and 54–79, respectively. Overall, our study sample was well representative of the target population. Conclusions Our findings consistently indicated that girls had better SDQ scores than boys among children aged 4 and 6 years. Fewer children would be identified as having mental health difficulties using the UK cutoff values than using the Scandinavian age- and gender-relevant cutoff values.

• Abildsnes, Eirik; Paulsen, Sigurd & Gonzalez, Jose J (2023). Improving resilience against a pandemic: A novel technology for strategy development with practitioners and decision-makers. In Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Ed.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 9798218217495. p. 964–974. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The project Systemic Pandemic Risk Management (SPRM), funded by the Research Council of Norway, has developed methods to assess and manage pandemic systemic risks. The project consortium includes an enterprise leading the project, public partners and research institutions in Norway, Sweden, and Italy. Kristiansand municipality, a partner in the SPRM project, adopted the project methods to assess and manage systemic risks. Based on a scenario about the potential spread patterns of the COVID-19 Omicron variant developed by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, staff from Kristiansand employed the SPRM project’s approach to facilitate systemic risk assessment and management workshops. Practitioners and decision-makers from the main hospital in the Agder county and several municipalities proposed risks, their causal consequences and identified practical and impactful mitigation strategies. The strategies were implemented at the county level. The approach can improve handling of systemic risk scenarios beyond pandemics.

• Wanderås, Magnus; Abildsnes, Eirik; Thygesen, Elin & Martinez, Santiago (2023). Video consultation in general practice: a scoping review on use, experiences, and clinical decisions. BMC Health Services Research. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09309-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic forced healthcare workers to use alternative consultation approaches. In general practice, the use of video consultations (VCs) increased manyfold as countries were locked down. This scoping review aimed to summarize scientifc knowledge concerning the use of VC in general practice and focused on (1) the utilization of VC in general practice, (2) the experiences of the users of VC in general practice, and (3) how VC afected the clinical decision-making of general practitioners (GPs). Methods A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the methodology of Joanna Briggs Institute. Review questions were formulated to match each focus area. A three-step search strategy was employed to search scientifc and gray literature sources. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, OpenGrey, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 2010 to March 11th, 2021, and the search was re-run on August 18th, 2021. The extracted data were deductively coded into pre-defned main themes, whereas subthemes were inductively synthesized. The data within each subtheme were analysed through descriptive content analysis and presented in a narrative synthesis. Results Overall, 13 studies were included after screening 3,624 studies. Most patients were satisfed with VCs. VCs were most suitable for simpler issues, often shorter than face-to-face consultations, and were more likely to be used by younger patients. GPs enjoyed the fexibility and shorter duration of VCs; however, they felt an unsatisfactory deterioration in the GP-patient relationship. Despite the loss of clinical examination, diagnostic assessment was mostly successful, with little fear of missing serious illness. Prior clinical experience and a preexisting relationship with the patient were important factors for successful assessment via VC. Conclusions Both GPs and patients can be satisfed with VC in general practice in specifc contexts, and adequate clinical decision-making is possible. However, disadvantages such as a diminishing GP-patient relationship have been highlighted, and the use of VC in non-pandemic settings is limited. The role of VC in the future of general practice remains unclear, and further research is needed on the long-term adoption of VC in general practice.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Vettore, Mario Vianna; Øvrebø, Bente & Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Changes in dietary habits and BMI z-score after a 6-month non-randomized cluster-controlled trial among 6–12 years old overweight and obese Norwegian children. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 67, p. 1–15. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9617. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Effective prevention programs to address the high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and the concomitant health consequences have been warranted. Objective: To improve dietary habits and weight status among Norwegian children with overweight/obesity in the primary care setting. Design: A 6-month non-randomized cluster-controlled intervention among 137 children, aged 6–12 years, with overweight/obesity and their parents. Intervention and control groups were recruited by public health nurses and followed-up by 12 Healthy Life Centers across Norway. The intervention group received individual family counseling and participated in nutrition courses and physical activity groups. A frequency questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits was completed by the parents. Trained public health nurses measured height and weight using standardized methods to calculate body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores. Results: The intervention resulted in an increased odds of consuming evening meals (OR: 3.42), a decreased availability of salty snacks (β = –0.17), a decreased intake of salty snacks (−0.18), an increased consumption of water (β = 0.20), and a decreased estimated total intake of energy (β = –0.17), carbohydrates (β = –0.17), mono- and disaccharides (β = –0.21), sucrose (β = –0.24), and saturated fatty acids (β = –0.17). The intervention directly predicted lower BMI z-score (β = –0.17), and post-treatment levels of energy (β = –0.65), saturated fat (β = 0.43), and total carbohydrates (β = 0.41) were directly linked to BMI z-score after intervention. Age and sex were indirectly associated with BMI after intervention through energy and saturated fat intake. Conclusions: The intervention had a beneficial impact on nutrient intake and weight status among children with overweight/obesity. These findings provide support for implementing complex intervention programs tailored to local primary care settings.

• Robstad, Anja Nastasja; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Haraldstad, Kristin & Køpp, Unni Mette Stamnes [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Experiences of Norwegian child and school health nurses with the “Starting Right™” child health assessment innovation: a qualitative interview study. BMC Health Services Research. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08088-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Although child health services are well established in Norway, the use of information technology for the systematic collection of evidence-based child- and proxy-reported health measures may be benefcial in the early identifcation of child development problems. The Norwegian “Starting Right™” health service innovation consists of parent- and child-reported online structured health assessments tools, including practical routines for child and school health assessments. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of child and school health nurses with the Starting Right innovation. Methods: We used a qualitative design and conducted three focus group interviews with 18 child and school health nurses from three child health centres one year after the implementation of the innovation. Results: The experiences of professionals with the Starting Right innovation were captured by three themes: (1) the digital innovation could be used to obtain a good overview of a child’s health and development; (2) interpreting the questionnaires was a challenge; and (3) implementing the new digital innovation was time-consuming. Conclusions: Overall, the child and school health nurses experienced that the Starting Right innovation was useful for providing a comprehensive overview of child development and health. The challenges related to interpreting the parents’ scores and follow-up of children, as well as providing the questionnaires in relevant foreign languages, should be addressed to allow all children and families to be reached

• Samdal, Gro Beate; Furset, Ole Johan; Nysæther, Marte Blom; Abildsnes, Eirik; Mildestvedt, Thomas & Meland, Eivind (2022). Healthy and unhealthy eating after a behaviour change intervention in primary care. Primary Health Care Research and Development. ISSN 1463-4236. 23(e23), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1017/S1463423622000147. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: To prevent and reduce non-communicable diseases, the Norwegian Directorate of Health encourages Healthy Life Centres (HLCs) in all municipalities. Aims: This study investigates whether the behaviour change interventions at HLCs positively affected participants’ diet and to evaluate predictors for healthy and unhealthy eating. Our data are part of the Norwegian Healthy Life Centre Study, a 6-month, pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods: Totally, 118 participants ≥18 years old were randomised to an intervention group (n 57), or a waiting list (control group) (n 61). Eighty-six participants met at the 6 months follow-up visit. We merged the participants to one cohort for predictor analyses, using linear regressions. Findings: The RCT of the HLCs’ interventions had no effect on healthy and unhealthy eating 6 months after baseline compared with controls. A short, additional healthy eating education programme produced a modest, statistically significant improvement in healthy eating compared with controls. This did not, however, reduce unhealthy eating. Higher income predicted unhealthier eating over time. Increasing body mass index and impaired physical functioning also led to an increase in unhealthy eating. Healthy eating at 6 months was predicted by self-rated health (SRH), vitality and life satisfaction, and hampered by musculo-skeletal challenges and impaired self-esteem (SE). SRH impacted improvement in healthy eating during the 6 months. The effect of interventions on healthier eating may be improved by an emphasis on developing positive self-concepts like better SRH, vitality, life satisfaction, and SE.

• Abildsnes, Eirik; Andresen, Nina Elin; Storbækken, Solveig; Samdal, Gro Beate; Mildestvedt, Thomas & Meland, Eivind (2021). How is motivational interviewing (un)related to self-determination theory: An empirical study from different healthcare settings. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. ISSN 0036-5564. 62(5), p. 709–716. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12757. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  To explore how quality aspects and clients’ verbal behaviors in Motivational Interviewing sessions correspond with counsellors’ support of basic psychological needs described in Self-determination Theory, we conducted a mixed method study with quantitative analyses of transformed qualitative data from counselling sessions. Coding manuals identified if the counselling was consistent with Motivational Interviewing and the support of basic psychological needs. The study supported a conceptual relationship between motivational interviewing (MI) and self-determination theory (SDT), except for autonomy support which was conceptualized differently in the two approaches. Relational support in SDT and MI were closely linked to each other and were also strongly related to other MI-congruent and promotive counselors’ verbal behavior. Client amotivation in SDT and change talk in MI were negatively correlated, and clients’ autonomous motivation in SDT was related to change talk in MI. Counselors emphasized relational support, using decisional balance comprehensively, but offered competence support less often. The counseling was, however, sensitive to the clients’ motivational regulation of behavior change.

• Tollånes, Mette Christophersen; Jenum, Pål; Kierkegaard, Helene; Abildsnes, Eirik; Bævre-Jensen, Roar Magne & Breivik, Anne Christin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Evaluation of 32 rapid tests for detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Clinica Chimica Acta. ISSN 0009-8981. 519, p. 133–139. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.04.016. Full text in Research Archive
• Westergren, Thomas; Mølland, Eirin; Haraldstad, Kristin; Håland, Åshild Tellefsen; Køpp, Unni Mette & Fegran, Liv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Implementation of the norwegian ‘Starting right’ child health service innovation: implementation adjustments, adoption, and acceptability. BMC Health Services Research. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06096-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: An increased and/or stable proportion of the child and adolescent population reports symptoms ofimpaired health, and the symptoms can be identified early. Therefore, structured child- and parent-reportedoutcome measures need to be implemented in child and school health services for decision support andidentification of children at risk. We aimed to (a) qualitatively examine adjustments of active implementation fromthe pilot implementation of the Norwegian‘Starting Right’health service innovation including an online childhealth assessment tool and practical routines, and (b) measure practitioners ́ adoption and parental acceptability. Methods: We used a mixed-methods design to qualitatively examine adjustments from working notes andmeeting memoranda, and quantitatively assess adoption and acceptability from user rates provided by the systemslog. Twenty-one child and school health nurses (CSHNs) from two child health centers participated in theimplementation pilot of online health assessments in children aged 2-, 4- and 6-year. We used a deductive andnarrative analysis approach using Fixsen et al. ́s core implementation components to code and sort adjustments. Results: Core implementation components were adjusted throughout the pilot implementation. Researchers ́increased their availability in reciprocity with staff evaluation to integrate active implementation adjustments. Welaunched a project for improved data systems integration. The overall CSHNs adoption rate was satisfactory andhigher in center A, where a medical secretary supported the nurses through the entire pilot phase, than in center B(96 vs. 55 %). Parental acceptability rate was overall high (77 %) with increased rates among parents of 6-year-oldchildren (98 %) compared with younger ones (78–85 %), and in cases where both parents received thequestionnaires. Conclusions: The ‘Starting Right’ health service innovation implementation was actively adjusted by integration of core implementation components mainly based on staff evaluation. The CSHNs adopted the innovation which was also acceptable to parents.

• Bersvendsen, Tore; Jungeilges, Jochen & Abildsnes, Eirik (2021). Empirical evaluation of home-based reablement: A review. Nordic Journal of Health Economics. ISSN 1892-9729. 9(1), p. 38–55. doi: 10.5617/njhe.7838. Full text in Research Archive
• Younes, Jasmin Haj; Strømme, Elisabeth Marie; Igland, Jannicke; Abildsnes, Eirik; Kumar, Bernadette Nirmal & Hasha, Wegdan Hamed Nasser [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Use of health care services among Syrian refugees migrating to Norway: a prospective longitudinal study. BMC Health Services Research. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06571-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Understanding the differential utilization of healthcare services is essential to address the public health challenges. Through the migration process, refugees move from one set of health risk factors to another and can face multiple healthcare challenges along their journey. Yet how these changing risk factors influence refugees’ use of health care services is poorly understood. Methods A longitudinal survey assessing health care utilization of 353 adult Syrian refugees was conducted; first in a transit setting in Lebanon and after one year of resettlement in Norway. The main outcomes are the utilization of general practitioner services, emergency care, outpatient and/or specialist care and hospitalization during the previous 12 months. Associations between use of healthcare services and several sociodemographic, migration-related and health status variables at both time points were found using regression analysis. We also analyzed longitudinal changes in utilization rates using generalized estimating equations. Results The use of general practitioner and emergency care increased after resettlement while outpatient/specialist care markedly dropped, and hospitalization rates remained the same. Undocumented status and poor self-rated health (SRH) prior to resettlement were identified as predictors for use of health care after arrival. After resettlement, higher health literacy, higher education, higher social support and poor SRH and quality of life were significantly associated with use of healthcare services. Conclusions Utilization of health services changes post migration to the destination country and are associated with migration-related and socio-demographic factors. Poor SRH is associated with use of services, both pre-arrival and post-resettlement. Our findings have implications for future resettlements, health care policies and service provision to newly arrived refugees with regard to both health needs as well as delivery of services.

• Haj-Younes, Jasmin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Kumar, Bernadette. N & Perez, Esperanza Diaz (2021). The road to equitable healthcare: A conceptual model developed from a qualitative study of Syrian refugees in Norway. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 292. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114540. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Refugees in high-income countries face barriers to healthcare access even when they have the same rights and entitlements as the host population. Disadvantages in healthcare access contribute to differences in health outcomes and impact acculturation. This study explores perceived changes in health status and experiences with the Norwegian healthcare system of Syrian refugees living in Norway, using a trajectory perspective. Methods We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews in April 2020 among purposefully recruited adult refugees from Syria resettled in Norway. Interviews were carried out in Arabic and analysed with Systematic Text Condensation using NVivo software. We used Lévesque's access model and Edberg's migration trajectory perspective as theoretical frameworks. A conceptual model was developed – The Migrant Sensitive Access Model - that highlights the factors contributing to a positive versus negative healthcare journey. Results Findings were summarized under three main themes: changes in health and well-being, expectations, and trust. Perceived changes in health status and attributed causes for change were related to the resettlement phase, gender, and were highly informed by pre-migration and migration experiences. The users’ perception of the caregiver, communication, and time were identified as key factors in the care-access journey in inspiring trust or distrust in the caregiver. Conclusion Syrian refugees in Norway appreciate the Norwegian healthcare system but are impeded in their access to care. Many of the barriers can be bridged during the doctor-patient interaction with a diversity sensitive caregiver. The model we propose gives a comprehensive overview of key areas determining the healthcare experience of this population. The results of this study can be useful to policymakers and healthcare providers when addressing disparities in healthcare access for forced migrants.

• Gonzalez, Jose J; Eden, Colin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Hauge, Martin; Trentin, Monica & Ragazzoni, Luca [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Elicitation, analysis and mitigation of systemic pandemic risks. Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference. p. 581–596. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the health care system and affected all sectors of society, including critical infrastructures. In turn, the impact on society’s infrastructures has impacted back on the health care sector. These interactions have created a system of associated risks and outcomes, where the outcomes of risks are risks themselves and where the resulting consequences are complex vicious cycles. Traditional risks assessment methods cannot cope with interdependent risks.

• Tollånes, Mette Christophersen; Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken; Abildsnes, Eirik; Jenum, Pål; Breivik, Anne Christin & Sandberg, Sverre (2020). Evaluation of eleven rapid tests for detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. ISSN 1434-6621. 58(9), p. 1595–1600. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0628. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has emerged to cause a human pandemic. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples by using PCR is the standard laboratory diagnostic tool. Our aim was to perform a limited evaluation of the diagnostic performance and user-friendliness of eleven rapid tests for detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: All participants were tested with PCR against SARS-CoV-2 at a clinical microbiology laboratory. Comparing with results from PCR tests, we evaluated the rapid tests’ performances in three arms; 1) 20 hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 2) 23 recovered outpatients with former PCR-confirmed COVID-19, and 3) 49 participants with suspected COVID-19 presenting at a primary care emergency room. Results: All eleven tests detected antibodies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, though with varying sensitivities. In former outpatients recovered from COVID-19, there were differences between tests in the immunoglobulin type G (IgG) sensitivity, with five tests having a sensitivity below 65%. In participants with suspected COVID-19 infection, the rapid tests had very low sensitivities. Most rapid tests were easy to perform and interpret. Conclusions: Rapid tests were not suited as stand-alone tests to detect present infection in a Norwegian primary care emergency room population. All the rapid tests were able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, although sensitivities varied and were generally higher in the study arm of more severely affected participants. Rapid tests with high IgG sensitivity (and specificity) may be useful for confirmation of past infection. An independent evaluation should be performed in the intended population before introducing a rapid test.

• Samdal, Gro Beate; Bezuijen, Pieter Siemon; Mongstad, Øyvin Noddeland; Eide, Geir Egil; Abildsnes, Eirik & Mildestvedt, Thomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). How are body mass and body attitude impacted by a behaviour change intervention in primary care? A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 49(4), p. 393–401. doi: 10.1177/1403494820939027. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims:This study evaluated the effect of behaviour change interventions at Norwegian Healthy Life Centres on change in body mass index (BMI) and body attitude, and explored the predictors for change after 6 months. Methods: We randomised 118 participants to either an intervention or a control group. Eligible participants: ⩾18 years and able to take part in group-based interventions. Body attitude, weight, and height were assessed at inclusion and after 6 months. We analysed the data using simple and multiple regression. Results: Eighty-six participants completed 6-month follow-up. The study found no intervention effect on BMI or body attitude across the two groups. However, an interaction effect indicated that the leaner participants in the intervention group reduced their weight significantly (b 0.94, p < 0.001). BMI reduction was predicted by self-efficacy for physical activity and autonomous motivation for change. Weight loss was associated with impaired body attitude, body shape concern, impaired weight-related self-esteem, weight cycling, and controlled motivation for change. Improvement in body attitude was positively impacted by self-rated health, the experience of childhood respect, life satisfaction, and self-efficacy for physical activity. Impaired body attitude was predicted by body shape concern, impaired weight-related self- esteem, and controlled motivation. Conclusions: The interventions did not affect body mass ona average, but promoted weight loss among the leaner participants. Because weight reduction was associated body shape concern and impaired body attitude, the study supports the claim that interventions should be weight neutral and aim to improve body image and psychological well-being rather than weight reduction.

• Younes, Jasmin Haj; Strømme, Elisabeth Marie; Igland, Jannicke; Kumar, Bernadette. N; Abildsnes, Eirik & Hasha, Wegdan [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Changes in self-rated health and quality of life among Syrian refugees migrating to Norway: a prospective longitudinal study. International Journal for Equity in Health. 19, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01300-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Forced migrants can be exposed to various stressors that can impact their health and wellbeing. How the different stages in the migration process impacts health is however poorly explored. The aim of this study was to examine changes in self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QoL) among a cohort of adult Syrian refugees before and after resettlement in Norway. Method We used a prospective longitudinal study design with two assessment points to examine changes in health among adult Syrian resettlement refugees in Lebanon accepted for resettlement in Norway. We gathered baseline data in 2017/2018 in Lebanon and subsequently at follow-up one year after arrival. The main outcomes were good SRH measured by a single validated item and QoL measured by WHOQOL-BREF. We used generalized estimating equations to investigate changes in outcomes over time and incorporated interaction terms in the models to evaluate effect modifications. Results In total, 353 subjects participated in the study. The percentage of participants reporting good SRH showed a non-significant increase from 58 to 63% RR, 95%CI: 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) from baseline to follow-up while mean values of all four QoL domains increased significantly from baseline to follow-up; the physical domain from 13.7 to 15.7 B, 95%CI: 1.9 (1.6, 2.3), the psychological domain from 12.8 to 14.5 B, 95%CI: 1.7 (1.3, 2.0), social relationships from 13.7 to 15.3 B, 95%CI: 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) and the environmental domain from 9.0 to 14.0 5.1 B, 95%CI: (4.7, 5.4). Positive effect modifiers for improvement in SRH and QoL over time include male gender, younger age, low level of social support and illegal status in transit country. Conclusion Our results show that good SRH remain stable while all four QoL domains improve, most pronounced in the environment domain. Understanding the dynamics of migration and health is a fundamental step in reaching health equity.

• Sand, Anne Marit; Danielsen, Britt Viola; Førland, Oddvar; Abildsnes, Eirik & Rosland, Jan Henrik (2020). Forventet dødsfall i hjemmet - en kvalitativ studie om samarbeid. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 140(10), p. 1–8. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0773. Full text in Research Archive
• Mølland, Eirin; Vigsnes, Kristine L.; Bøe, Tormod; Danielsen, Hilde; Lundberg, Kjetil & Haraldstad, Kristin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). The New Patterns study: coordinated measures to combat child poverty. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 49(5), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1177/1403494820956452. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Child poverty rates are rising in Norway with potential negative consequences for children. Services for families with low income are often fragmented and poorly integrated, and few coordinated initiatives have been implemented and evaluated in Norway. Aims: The aim of the current study is to evaluate how integrated and coordinated services provided over a prolonged period by a family coordinator are related to changes across a wide range of health, wellbeing and home environment indicators for the participants. Methods: The study uses a mixed methods approach utilising survey and register data, as well as information from interviews and shadowing, to document and evaluate outcomes associated with the intervention and the process of implementation. Data are gathered at baseline and annually throughout the duration of the study. Participants are identified to facilitate longer-term follow-up using register data. Conclusions: This project will develop important knowledge about the implementation of coordinated services to families with a low income, and how this way of organizing services influences important outcomes for the family members in the short and long term.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Abildsnes, Eirik; Strandheim, Arve & Haugland, Siri Håvås (2019). Do young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) have more health problems than their peers? A cross-sectional study among Norwegian adolescents. Norsk Epidemiologi. ISSN 0803-2491. 28(1-2), p. 89–95. doi: 10.5324/nje.v28i1-2.3055. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: An increasing proportion of young Norwegians are categorised as too ill to attend upper secondary education, and poor physical and mental health may reduce their opportunities to return to school or find paid employment. This study examined the differences in self-perceived health, mental health, and prevalence of pain between Norwegian adolescents, who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) compared to adolescents who attend upper secondary school (age 16-21 years). Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants and setting: A total of 96 NEET youth and 384 age and gender matched adolescents attending upper secondary school in the south of Norway participated in the study. Main outcome measures: Self-perceived health, mental health and pain. Results: Multivariable analyses, adjusted for parental education, showed that more NEET girls reported poor self-perceived health (odds ratio 3.2; 95% CI 1.4–7.5) and poor mental health (2.4;1.0–5.2) when compared to girls who were attending school. The results showed no difference in the prevalence of various types of pain between girls who were attending or not attending school, and among boys the results showed no differences in health problems assessed in this study. Conclusion: The study indicates that NEET girls have poorer self-perceived health and poorer mental health when compared to girls who are attending upper secondary school. It will be essential to identify the causes of these health problems. This may provide a basis for specially adapted measures that could help more people in the target group return to school or paid employment.

• Steig, Marianne Hovet; Nodeland, Siren & Abildsnes, Eirik (2018). "Nå har jeg endelig funnet noe jeg liker å gjøre" En fokusgruppestudie av ungdom som har stått utenfor videregående opplæring. Tidsskrift for ungdomsforskning. ISSN 1502-7759. p. 23–44. Full text in Research Archive
• Samdal, Gro Beate; Meland, Eivind; Eide, Geir Egil; Berntsen, Sveinung; Abildsnes, Eirik & Stea, Tonje Holte [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Participants at Norwegian Healthy Life Centres: Who are they, why do they attend and how are they motivated? A cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 46(7), p. 774–781. doi: 10.1177/1403494818756081. Full text in Research Archive
• Samdal, Gro Beate; Meland, Eivind; Eide, Geir Egil; Berntsen, Sveinung; Abildsnes, Eirik & Stea, Tonje Holte [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). The Norwegian Healthy Life Centre Study: A pragmatic RCT of physical activity in primary care. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1177/1403494818785260. Full text in Research Archive
• Wilson, Philip; Wood, Rachel; Kirsten, Lykke; Graungaard, Anette Hauskov; Ertmann, Ruth Kirk & Andersen, Merethe Kristine [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2018). International variation in programmes for assessment of children’s neurodevelopment in the community: Understanding disparate approaches to evaluation of motor, social, emotional, behavioural and cognitive function. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 46(8), p. 805–816. doi: 10.1177/1403494818772211. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2018). Sosioøkonomiske perspektiver på fysisk aktivitet. In Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Berntsen, Sveinung & Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred (Ed.), Fysisk aktivitet og helse: Fra begrepsforståelse til implementering av kunnskap. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202568313. p. 374–389. Full text in Research Archive
• Askedal, Kirsti; Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Abildsnes, Eirik (2017). Reviewing Effects of ICT in Primary Healthcare Services: A Public Value Perspective. In Strong, Diane & Gogan, Janis (Ed.), The 23rd Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9780996683142. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Meland, Eivind; Mildestvedt, Thomas; Stea, Tonje Holte; Berntsen, Sveinung & Samdal, Gro Beate (2017). The Norwegian Healthy Life Study: protocol for a pragmatic RCT with longitudinal follow-up on physical activity and diet for adults. BMC Public Health. 17:18, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3981-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The Norwegian Directorate of Health recommends that Healthy Life Centres (HLCs) be established in primary health care to support behaviour change and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. The aim of the present study protocol is to present the rationale, design and methods of a combined pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) and longitudinal cohort study of the effects of attending HLCs concerning physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet and to explore how psychological well-being and motivational factors may mediate short&mdash; and long-term effects. Methods: The present study will combine a 6-month RCT with a longitudinal cohort study (24 months from baseline) conducted at six HLCs from June 2014 to Sept 2017. Participants are randomized to behavioural change interventions or a 6-month waiting list control group. Discussion: A randomized trial of interventions in HLCs has the potential to influence the development of policy and practice for behaviour change interventions and patient education programmes in Norway. We discuss some of the important preconditions for obtaining valid results from a complex intervention and outline some of the characteristics of ecological approaches in health care research that can enable a pragmatic intervention study.

• Abildsnes, Eirik; Rohde, Gudrun E.; Berntsen, Sveinung & Stea, Tonje Holte (2017). Fun, influence and competence-a mixed methods study of prerequisites for high school students' participation in physical education. BMC Public Health. 17:241, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4154-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Many adolescents do not reach the recommended levels of physical activity (PA), and students attending vocational studies are less committed to take part in physical education (PE) than other students. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to examine differences in physical activity, diet, smoking habits, sleep and screen time among Norwegian vocational high school students who selected either a PE model focusing on PA skills, technique and improvement of physical performance (“Sports enjoyment”) or more on health, play and having fun when participating in PE lessons (“Motion enjoyment”), and 2) to explore the students’ experiences with PE programs. Methods: In this mixed methods study 181 out of 220 invited students (82%) comprising 141 (78%) girls and 40 (22%) boys attending vocational studies of Restaurant and Food Processing (24%), Design, Arts and Crafts (27%) or Healthcare, Childhood and Youth Development (49%) were recruited for participation in the new PE program. PA level, sedentary time and sleep were objectively recorded using the SenseWear Armband Mini. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits, smoking and snuffing habits, use of alcohol, screen use and active transportation. Four focus group interviews with 23 students (12 boys) were conducted to explore how the students experienced the new PE program. Results: Students attending “Motion enjoyment” accrued less steps/day compared to the “Sports enjoyment” group (6661 (5514, 7808) vs.9167 (7945, 10390) steps/day) and reported higher screen use (mean, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.8, 3.5) vs. 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) hours/day). Compared to those attending “Sports enjoyment”, a higher number of students attending “Motion enjoyment” reported an irregular meal pattern (adjusted odds ratio, 5.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.28, 12.78), and being a current smoker (12.22 (1.62, 107.95)). The students participating in the focus group interviews emphasized the importance of having competent and engaging teachers, being able to influence the content of the PE program themselves, and that PE classes should include a variety of fun activities. Conclusion: Students selecting “Motion enjoyment” accrued less steps/day and reported overall more unhealthy lifestyle habits, including higher screen time, a more irregular meal pattern and a higher number were current smokers, compared to those selecting “Sports enjoyment”. Program evaluation revealed that both groups of students valued competent PE teachers and having influence on the content of the PE program.

• Aamland, Aase; Fosse, Anette; Ree, Eline; Abildsnes, Eirik & Malterud, Kirsti (2017). Helpful strategies for GPs seeing patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms: a focus group study. British Journal of General Practice. ISSN 0960-1643. 67(661), p. 572–579. doi: 10.3399/bjgp17X691697. Full text in Research Archive
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Haugen, Tommy; Berntsen, Sveinung; Guttormsen, Vigdis; Øverby, Nina Cecilie & Haraldstad, Kristin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Using the Intervention Mapping protocol to develop a family-based intervention for improving lifestyle habits among overweight and obese children: study protocol for a quasi-experimental trial. BMC Public Health. 16:1092, p. 1–15. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3766-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: In light of the high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, there is a need of developing effective prevention programs to address the rising prevalence and the concomitant health consequences. The main aim of the present study is to systematically develop and implement a tailored family-based intervention for improving lifestyle habits among overweight and obese children, aged 6–10 years old, enhancing parental self-efficacy, family engagement and parent-child interaction. A subsidiary aim of the intervention study is to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among those participating in the intervention study. Methods/design: The Intervention Mapping protocol was used to develop a tailored family-based intervention for improving lifestyle habits among overweight and obese children. In order to gather information on local opportunities and barriers, interviews with key stakeholders and a 1-year pilot study was conducted. The main study has used a quasi-experimental controlled design. Locally based Healthy Life Centers and Public Health Clinics are responsible for recruiting families and conducting the intervention. The effect of the study will be measured both at completion of the 6 months intervention study and 6 and 18 months after the intervention period. An ecological approach was used as a basis for developing the intervention. The behavioral models and educational strategies include individual family counselling meetings, workshops focusing on regulation of family life, nutrition courses, and physical activity groups providing tailored information and practical learning sessions. Parents will be educated on how to use these strategies at home, to further support their children in improving their behaviors. Discussion: A systematic and evidence-based approach was used for development of this family-based intervention study targeting overweight and obese children, 6–10 years old. This program, if feasible and effective, may be adjusted to local contexts and implemented in all municipal health care institutions in Norway.

• Engström, Anna; Abildsnes, Eirik & Mildestvedt, Thomas (2016). "It's not like a fat camp" - A focus group study of adolescents' experiences on group-based obesity treatment. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. ISSN 1748-2623. 11:32744, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3402/qhw.v11.32744. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The health burden related to obesity is rising among children and adolescents along with the general population worldwide. For the individual as well as the society this trend is alarming. Several factors are driving the trend, and the solution seems to be multifaceted because long-lasting treatment alternatives are lacking. This study aims to explore adolescents’ and young adults’ motivation for attending group-based obesity treatment and social and environmental factors that can facilitate or hinder lifestyle change. Methods: In this study, we arranged three focus groups with 17 participants from different obesity treatment programs in the west and south of Norway. The content in these programs differed, but they all used Motivational Interviewing as a teaching method. We conducted a data-driven analysis using systematic text condensation. Self-determination theory has been used as an explanatory framework. Results: We identified four major themes: 1) motivation, 2) body experience and self-image, 3) relationships and sense of belonging, and 4) the road ahead. Many of the participants expressed external motivation to participate but experienced increasing inner motivation and enjoyment during the treatment. Several participants reported negative experiences related to being obese and appreciated group affiliation and sharing experiences with other participants. Conclusion: Motivation may shift during a lifestyle course. Facilitating factors include achieving and experiencing positive outcomes as well as gaining autonomy support from other course participants and friends. Obstacles to change were a widespread obesogenic environment as well as feelings of guilt, little trust in personal achievements and non-supporting friends.

• Sigvartsen, Julie Ann; Gabrielsen, Leiv Einar; Abildsnes, Eirik; Stea, Tonje Holte; Omfjord, Christina Sandvand & Rohde, Gudrun-Elin (2016). Exploring the relationship between physical activity, life goals and health-related quality of life among high school students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 16:709. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3407-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Two models were developed to increase high school students’ participation in physical education (PE): “motion enjoyment” and “sport enjoyment”. The first model focuses on increasing knowledge about the health benefits of a physically active lifestyle and thereby promoting a positive attitude towards physical activity, whereas the second model focuses on techniques and practices for enhancing athletic performance. The aims of the present study are to investigate and understand the similarities and differences between students selecting “motion enjoyment” vs. “sport enjoyment” and to examine the extent to which life goals and reported physical activity are associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Method: A total of 156 high school students (mean age, 16 years [standard deviation = 0.8], 123 girls and 33 boys) were included in this cross-sectional study. HRQOL and life goals were measured using KIDSCREEN-10 and the Adolescent Life Goal Profile Scale, respectively. Physical activity was measured using a self-reporting questionnaire intended to describe the students’ leisure-time activity. Independent sample t-tests, chi-square, one-way analyses of variance and multiple regression analysis were applied. Results: Self-reported physical activity level and HRQOL were higher among students in the “sport enjoyment” program, while the perceived importance of life goals was the same regardless of the preferred PE model. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the perceived importance of relations-oriented life goals (B = −5.61; 95 % confidence interval CI = −10.53 to −0.70; p = .026), perceived importance of generativity-oriented life goals (B = 4.14.; 95 % CI = 0.85 to 7.422; p = .014), perceived attainability of relations-oriented life goals (B = 7.28; 95 % CI = 2.49 to 12.07; p = .003), age (B = −7.29; 95 % CI = −11.38 to −3.20; p = .001) and gender, with boys as the reference group (B = −12.10; 95 % CI = −19.09 to −5.11; p = .001), were independently associated with increased HRQOL. In exploring the relationships of self-reported physical activity during leisure time, stage of change (B = 3.53; 95 % CI = 1.49 to 5.51; p = .001), gender, with boys as the reference group (B = −8.90; 95 % CI = −15.80 to −2.00; p = .012), and age (B = −6.62; 95 % CI = −10.57 to −2.66; p = .001) were independently associated with increased HRQOL. Conclusion: Self-reported physical activity habits and life goals were associated with HRQOL to a limited extent. However, the perceived importance of life goals appears to reflect other aspects of individual well-being than HRQOL.

• Abildsnes, Eirik; Meland, Eivind; Samdal, Gro Beate; Stea, Tonje Holte & Mildestvedt, Thomas (2016). Stakeholders' expectations of Healthy Life Centers: A focus group study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 44(7), p. 709–717. doi: 10.1177/1403494816655946. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2016). Ansvar for egen helse. In Mesel, Terje & Leer-Salvesen, Paul (Ed.), Moralske borgere : refleksjoner over etikk og samfunn. Portal forlag. ISSN 9788283140705. p. 172–190. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Stea, Tonje Holte; Berntsen, Sveinung; Omfjord, Christina Sandvand & Rohde, Gudrun-Elin (2015). Physical education teachers' and public health nurses' perception of Norwegian high school students' participation in physical education - a focus group study. BMC Public Health. 15:1295. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2660-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: High quality physical education programs in high schools may facilitate adoption of sustainable healthy living among adolescents. Public health nurses often meet students who avoid taking part in physical education programs. We aimed to explore physical education teachers’ and public health nurses’ perceptions of high school students’ attitudes towards physical education, and to explore physical education teachers’ thoughts about how to facilitate and promote students’ participation in class. Methods: Prior to an initiative from physical education teachers, introducing a new physical education model in two high schools in the South of Norway, we conducted focus groups with 6 physical education teachers and 8 public health nurses. After implementation of the new model, we conducted two additional focus group interviews with 10 physical education teachers. In analyses we used Systematic Text Condensation and an editing analysis style. Results: In general, the students were experienced as engaged and appreciating physical education lessons. Those who seldom attended often strived with other subjects in school as well, had mental health problems, or were characterized as outsiders in several arenas. Some students were reported to be reluctant to expose their bodies in showers after class, and students who seldom attended physical education class frequently visited the school health services. Although the majority of students were engaged in class, several of the students lacked knowledge about physical fitness and motoric skills to be able to master daily activities. The participants related the students’ competence and attitude towards participation in physical education class to previous experiences in junior high school, to the competence of physical education teachers, and to possibility for students to influence the content of physical education programs. Conclusions: The participants suggested that high school students’ attitudes towards participation in physical education is heterogeneous, depends on the students’ previous experiences, and on their present health and quality of life. All participants recommended adolescents to take part in program development, and selecting activities that generate competence, fun and enjoyment.

• Abildsnes, Eirik; Flottorp, Signe & Stensland, Per Steinar (2012). Case stories in general practice: a focus group study. BMJ Open. 2(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001208. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives To explore the interactive process of sharing case stories in small-group activity in general practice. Design Qualitative focus group study. Setting Peer-group meetings of doctors attending specialist training or continuous medical education in general practice. Participants Twenty female and 30 male doctors working in general practice in Norway. Results The storyline of case presentations included detailed stories with emotional engagement, co-authored by other group members. The stories initiated discussions and reflections concerning patients’ and doctors’ perspectives, medical ethics as well as clinical problems. The safe atmosphere allowed testing out boundaries of socially shared knowledge. Conclusions Sharing case stories in small groups in general practice initiated interaction that facilitated meaning-making, reflection and peer support.

• Abildsnes, Eirik; Walseth, Liv Tveit; Flottorp, Signe & Stensland, Per Steinar (2012). Power and powerlessness: GPs' narratives about lifestyle counselling. British Journal of General Practice. ISSN 0960-1643. 62(596), p. e160–e166. doi: 10.3399/bjgp12X630043. Full text in Research Archive
• Walseth, Liv Tveit; Abildsnes, Eirik & Schei, Edvin (2011). Lifestyle, health and the ethics of good living. Health behaviour counselling in general practice. Patient Education and Counseling. ISSN 0738-3991. 83(2), p. 180–184. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.05.022. Full text in Research Archive
• Walseth, Liv Tveit; Abildsnes, Eirik & Schei, Edvin (2011). Patients' experiences with lifestyle counselling in general practice: A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ISSN 0281-3432. 29(2), p. 99–103. doi: 10.3109/02813432.2011.553995. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Walseth, Liv Tveit; Flottorp, Signe & Stensland, Per (2011). Lifestyle consultation in general practice - the doctor s toolbox. A qualitative focus group study. Family Practice. ISSN 0263-2136. 28(2), p. 220–225. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmq093. Full text in Research Archive

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• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Mølland, Eirin; Helseth, Sølvi; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Abildsnes, Eirik & Hagen, Milada [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Health‑related quality of life and its association with socioeconomic status and mental health in 5‑ to 7‑year‑old children: a cross‑sectional study. Full text in Research Archive
• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Mølland, Eirin; Helseth, Sølvi; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Abildsnes, Eirik & Hagen, Milada [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Health‑related quality of life and its association with socioeconomic status and mental health in 5‑ to 7‑year‑old children: a cross‑sectional study. Full text in Research Archive
• Haraldstad, Kristin; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Abildsnes, Eirik; Håland, Åshild Tellefsen; Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes & Mølland, Eirin (2025). Godt Begynt- tidlig innsats for barn og unge Kristin Haraldstad, Thomas Westergren, Eirik Abildsnes, Åshild T. Haaland, Unni M. Köpp og Eirin Mølland. Full text in Research Archive
• Haraldstad, Kristin; Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik & Westergren, Per Christer Thomas (2024). Starting Right, an evidence-based assessment of childrenin municipalities healthcare center. Full text in Research Archive
• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Mølland, Eirin; Helseth, Sølvi; Hagen, Milada; Westergren, Thomas & Abildsnes, Eirik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). What can we do to improve children's health-related quality of life and mental health? Full text in Research Archive
• Haraldstad, Kristin; Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas & Eva-Grethe, Befus (2024). Starting Right, an evidence-based assessment of children in municipalities healthcare centers. Full text in Research Archive
• Haraldstad, Kristin; Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik & Westergren, Per Christer Thomas (2024). Starting Right, an evidence-based assessment of children in municipalities healthcare centers. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  During the last century, children’s health has evolved significantly, with mental health issues becoming a prominent public health concern. Childhood health problems profoundly impact quality of life (QoL), development, school functioning, and social interactions, affecting society broadly. In Norway, child and school health services offer free comprehensive care within the municipal primary health care system, prioritizing health promotion and prevention to address social health inequalities. The Norwegian Starting RightTM project recruits’ children aged 6 months to16 years and their parents, emphasizing early intervention and support to reduce health inequalities and promote well-being. In the Starting RightTM project, online proxy- and child-reported questionnaires are used to support public health nurses (PHNs) in assessing children’s health and development in routine follow- up. Parents and children receive an SMS text message asking them to answer an online questionnaire before attending their regular a

• Abildsnes, Eirik (2024). Hvordan kan vi forebygge utenforskap? Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2024). Hvorfor satser Kristiansand kommune så mye på å bli en attraktiv og profesjonell FoU-partner? Full text in Research Archive
• Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Kiland, Charlotte & Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Co-creation in Public Health Policy: Dealing with complexity. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Abildsnes, Eirik & Kiland, Charlotte (2023). Policy Development and Implementation in Public Health – Dealing with Complexity. Full text in Research Archive
• Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik & Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås (2023). Nye mønstre – hvordan organisere tjenester til familier med komplekse behov? Forebygging.no. doi: 10.21340/e7q5-qc87. Full text in Research Archive
• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Abildsnes, Eirik; Haraldstad, Kristin & Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life and Sleep Habits after a 6-Month Non-Randomised Cluster-Controlled Trial among Children with Overweight or Obesity. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Mølland, Eirin & Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Nye mønstre - Hvordan organisere tjenester til familier med komplekse behov? Forebygging.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik & Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås (2023). New Patterns for Low-income Families - A model for comprehensive and coordinated efforts. Full text in Research Archive
• Mølland, Eirin; Bøe, Tormod; Ask, Torunn Alise; Lundberg, Kjetil; Danielsen, Hilde & Abildsnes, Eirik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Spør en forsker! Presentasjon og drøfting av funn av fra forskningsprosjektet Nye mønstre på familiekoordinator-samling. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås & Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Presentasjon av Nye mønstre på rapportlansering: "Rapid review of inequalities in health and wellbeing in Norway since 2014". Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Presentasjon Inkluderingspartnerskap. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Presentasjon Inkluderingspartnerskap. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Samarbeid mellom Inkluderingspartnerskap og Universitetet i Aalborg. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Flere i arbeid - Arendalsuka 2023. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Arrangement sammen med programmet Flere i arbeid og stiftelsen Arkivet

• Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Bersvendsen, Tore & Skår, Ingvild (2022). Nye mønstre for barnefamilier som har komplekse utfordringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigsnes, Kristine Løkås; Bersvendsen, Tore; Mølland, Eirin & Abildsnes, Eirik (2022). Nye mønstre - trygg oppvekst. Koordinert, tverrfaglig innsats til barnefamilier med lavinntekt. Full text in Research Archive
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Vettore, Mario Vianna; Øvrebø, Bente & Abildsnes, Eirik (2022). Changes in dietary habits after a six-months intervention study among overweight and obese children. Full text in Research Archive
• Younes, Jasmin Haj; Strømme, Elisabeth Marie; Hasha, Wegdan; Igland, Jannicke; Abildsnes, Eirik & Kumar, Bernadette. N [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Forandringer i røykevaner og bruk av alkohol under migrasjon – en kohortstudie blant syriske flyktninger i Libanon og i Norge. Full text in Research Archive
• Younes, Jasmin Haj; Strømme, Elisabeth Marie; Hasha, Wegdan; Igland, Jannicke; Abildsnes, Eirik & Kumar, Bernadette. N [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Access to healthcare and self-rated health among refugees in transit in Lebanon and after arrival in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Asbjørnsen, Rikke Aune; Smedsrød, Mirjam Lien; Hjelmesæth, Jøran; Hertel, Jens Kristoffer; Gemert-Pijnen, Lisette Van & Varsi, Cecilie [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2019). eCHANGE - E-helseverktøy for å støtte opp om langvarig vedlikehold av vekttap. Full text in Research Archive
• Steig, Marianne Hovet; Nodeland, Siren & Abildsnes, Eirik (2018). Now I have finally found something I like to do. Full text in Research Archive
• Younes, Jasmin Haj; Strømme, Elisabeth Marie; Abildsnes, Eirik; Fadnes, Lars T.; Kumar, Bernadette. N & Diaz, Esperanza (2018). Sosial støtte i en presset livssituasjon – en undersøkelse blant voksne syriske flyktninger i Libanon og Norge. Full text in Research Archive
• Haj-Younes, Jasmin; Strømme, Elisabeth Marie; Abildsnes, Eirik; Kumar, Bernadette. N & Diaz, Esperanza (2018). Access to healthcare and unmet health needs among Syrian asylum seekers in transit and at arrival in Norway. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 28. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cky047.170. Full text in Research Archive
• Aamland, Aase; Fosse, Anette; Ree, Eline; Abildsnes, Eirik & Malterud, Kirsti (2017). Allmennlegers beste strategier i møte med pasienter med medisinsk uforklarte plager og symptomer - En kvalitativ studie om norske allmennlegers erfaringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2017). Sosial ulikhet i helse i verdens rikeste land. Full text in Research Archive
• Bersvendsen, Tore; Abildsnes, Eirik & Jungeilges, Jochen (2016). An Econometric Analysis of Rehabilitation Measures: A Research Protocol. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Meland, Eivind; Samdal, Gro Beate; Stea, Tonje Holte & Mildestvedt, Thomas (2016). Expectations and early experiences with Healthy Life Centres – a focus group study. Full text in Research Archive
• Meland, Eivind; Abildsnes, Eirik; Samdal, Gro Beate; Mildestvedt, Thomas; Stea, Tonje Holte & Berntsen, Sveinung (2016). Evaluating a complex intervention: Healthy Life Centres in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Aamland, Aase; Fosse, Anette; Ree, Eline; Abildsnes, Eirik & Malterud, Kirsti (2016). Strategies experienced as valuable by GPs when seeing patients with MUS. Full text in Research Archive
• Engström, Anna Hulda; Abildsnes, Eirik & Mildestvedt, Thomas (2016). ”It ́s not like a fat camp” – en fokusgruppestudie om ungdomers erfarenheter av gruppbaserade livsstilskurser. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Andresen, Nina Elin; Storbekken, Solveig; Samdal, Gro Beate & Meland, Eivind (2016). SDT and quality of behavior change counselling - a mixed method approach. Full text in Research Archive
• Mildestvedt, Thomas; Abildsnes, Eirik & Engström, Anna (2016). “It's not like fat camp”. A focus group study of adolescents’ experiences on group based obesity treatment. Full text in Research Archive
• Bersvendsen, Tore; Jungeilges, Jochen & Abildsnes, Eirik (2016). An Econometric Analysis of Rehabilitation Measures. Full text in Research Archive
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Berntsen, Sveinung; Guttormsen, Vigdis; Haugen, Tommy; Øverby, Nina Cecilie & Haraldstad, Kristin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Using the intervention mapping protocol to develop a family-based weight-management program. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Meland, Eivind; Samdal, Gro Beate; Stea, Tonje Holte & Mildestvedt, Thomas (2015). Forventninger og til og erfaringer fra frisklivssentraler - en fokusgruppestudie. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2013). Diagnosens makt og avmakt. In Mesel, Terje & Leer-Salvesen, Paul (Ed.), Makt og avmakt. Etiske perspektiver på feltet psykisk helse. Portal forlag. ISSN 9788292712740. p. 128–142. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Samdal, Gro Beate; Stea, Tonje Holte; Mildestvedt, Thomas; Lid, Torgeir Gilje & Hjørleifsson, Stefan [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Promoting health in Healthy Living Centers – does it work, how does it work, and why? A study protocol. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik (2011). Jakten på risikanter. 131(4), p. 362–364. Full text in Research Archive
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Enehaug, Heidi; Hellang, Øyvind; Helmersen, Migle; Jentoft, Nina & Mølland, Eirin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2026). Inkluderingspartnerskap.Rapport fra et innovasjonsprosjekt om arbeidsinkludering i Kristiansand kommune. OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet. ISSN 9788276095104. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Prosjektet har bidratt i programmet Flere i arbeid i Kristiansand kommune i utvikling av nye arbeidsformer basert på helsefremmende inkluderingskompetanse. Det er utviklet en ny styrings- og samhandlingsplattform for arbeidsinkludering som inkluderer kommune, fylkeskommune, Nav og næringsforeningen i Kristiansandsregionen som sikrer videreføring av samarbeid om arbeidsinkludering etter at programmet Flere i arbeid ble avsluttet. Prosjektet har bidratt til organisatorisk læring ved hjelp av aksjonsforskning og tjenesteinnovasjonsmetodikk og det er gjennomført en effektstudie som belyser virkningen av tiltak i programmet Flere i arbeid. Hovedelementer har vært å videreutvikle Hybridmodellen med særlig vekt på hvordan modellen bidrar til utvikling av helsefremmende inkluderingskompetanse på arbeidsplassen og i Nav. Hybridmodellen innebærer at Nav-veiledere arbeider direkte med arbeidsgivere og dedikerte mentorer på arbeidsplassen.

• Hollister, Brooke Ann; Jeppestøl, Kristin; Berg-Utby, Camilla; Abildsnes, Eirik & Hernes, Susanne M S (2025). ICOPE-n: Kartlegging av iboende kapasitet. Senter for omsorgsforskning. doi: https:/www.uia.no/om-uia/senter-og-nettverk/sof/forskning/oversetting-og-pilotering-av-icope-i-agder.html. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I prosjektets første del ønsket vi å utarbeide en norsk versjon av ICOPE gjennom å oversette og tilbakeoversette opprinnelig versjon. Et utkast til norsk versjon er nå utarbeidet (pdf). Dette arbeidet er gjennomført av en tverrfaglig og bredt sammensatt gruppe bestående av: Brooke Hollister, Susanne S. Hernes, Eirik Abildsnes, Camilla Berg-Utby, Bjørnulf Arntsen, Kristin Jeppestøl, Toske-Jan Lindenburger, Lucia Lezeeu Sjaavaag, Olga Espegren, Mikkel Peter Høiberg, Isabel Sebjørnsen, Geir Vegar Berg og Jill-Marit Moholt. Utkastet vil bli tilpasset etter eventuelle tilbakemeldinger fra pilotstudier. Den endelige versjonen av ICOPE-n er publisert og tilgjengelig for bruk. Ved ønske om å ta i bruk ICOPE-n til forskning, ta kontakt med Brooke Hollister. I prosjektets andre del (ViCOPE) ønsker vi å gjennomføre en pilotering av ICOPE-n i Agder.

• Abildsnes, Eirik (2012). The general practitioner as lifestyle advisor. A focus group study exploring case story discussions. Universitetet i Bergen. ISSN 9788230821282. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: GPs have a mandate from society to facilitate their patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. GPs consider lifestyle counselling as an important but challenging task, but often choose not to follow clinical guidelines in lifestyle counselling. Power in doctor-patient relationships is asymmetrically distributed. In lifestyle counselling the GP may use power to make the patient change an unhealthy lifestyle. Doctors have longstanding traditions of discussing challenging clinical problems by presenting and discussing case stories. We do not know much about the interactive process of telling and discussing case stories in groups of GPs who meet regularly in CME activities. Aims: The overarching aim of this research project was to provide information about GPs’ attitudes, actions and reflections on lifestyle counselling. I defined three objectives: To identify communicative tools that GPs utilise in individual consultations concerning lifestyle change. To identify aspects of power and powerlessness in GPs’ narratives about lifestyle counselling. To explore the interactive processes of telling and discussing case stories in GPs’ small-group learning activities. Material and methods: GPs with varied background and experience attended to small-group meetings as part of specialist training or continuous medical education. The participants discussed their experience with lifestyle counselling based on presentation of case stories in focus groups. Results: To enhance change of lifestyle, GPs adjusted the organisation of their practice, and utilised visualisation tools. They established doctor-patient relationships based on shared decision making and trust, and gave their patients advice and tips to accomplish change, but they also used paternalistic approaches and rhetoric manipulation. Structural power was present in the framework of the consultation and character of the GPs’ professional role. Opportunistic approaches to changing patients’ lifestyle, rhetoric communication, paternalism and disclosure were other expressions of power in the consultations. GPs reported powerlessness in consultations when it was difficult to reach goals, and when patients resisted or ignored the GPs’ proposals. The storyline of case presentation in small-group learning was comprehensive. The participants discussed the patients’ and the doctors’ behaviour and participation in the consultations, and the handling of clinical problems in everyday practice. They reflected upon the complexity of counselling, the doctors’ role, discussed medical ethics and offered each other critique and peer support. Conclusion: The participants presented communicative tools that may support patients’ self efficacy and facilitate healthy living. Other tools may cause humiliation and promote the patient’s feelings of guilt and shame. Presence and implications of power and powerlessness in lifestyle counselling are not always visible and comprehensible. The GP’s power may potentially empower or harm the patient. Analysis of power add insight to the complex doctor-patient relationship in general, and may explain why some consultations succeed and others not. Presentations and discussions of case stories followed a detailed storyline, and initiated dialogues that highlighted patients’ perspectives and facilitated learning, discussions of best practice and reflections on medical ethics. The interaction facilitated meaning-making activity that influenced socially shared knowledge within the group. Implications: Awareness of the potentially negative consequences of using rough communicative tools may enhance beneficial lifestyle counselling in general practice. Knowledge about aspects of power and consciousness about how power affects the doctor patient relationship may facilitate counselling that improve health and avoiding unintentionally eliciting guilt and shame. The findings in this study may give health authorities and political decision-makers information about how general practitioners look upon their professional role and their mandate as lifestyle advisors. This may provide more realistic expectations about how general practitioners may contribute to healthy living in society. It would be of interest to know more about when, how and why GPs use distressing communication tools. It would also be of interest to explore how long-term patientand person-centred care among GPs can be adopted, and what kind of counselling style that best facilitate improved health-related quality of life and healthy living among patients. Power and powerlessness in doctor patient relationships may be further investigated by observational studies and patient interviews. We still do not know much about the impact of small-group activity on counselling and professional behaviour.

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