lkoyri

• Kristiansen, Anne Lene; Myhre, Jannicke Borch; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Andersen, Lene Frost (2025). Vitamin D status in Norwegian children and associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 69. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v69.10727. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims: There is limited data regarding the vitamin D status of infants and young children in Norway. We aimed to assess vitamin D status among Norwegian children at approximately 6 and 12 months of age and explore associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status. Methods: Mothers/parents completed a food frequency questionnaire for their 6/12-month-old child. Dried blood spot samples were collected from the mother and child. Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration was 81 nmol/L (standard deviation [SD] 22 nmol/L) for 6-month-old children (n = 84) and 72 nmol/L (SD 22 nmol/L) for 12-month-old children (n = 56) (P = 0.03 for difference between age groups). In the younger and older age groups, 94 and 88% of the children, respectively, had a S-25(OH)D concentration ≥ 50 nmol/L. The mean dietary vitamin D intake was 12 μg/day for the 6-month-olds and 14 μg/day for the 12-month-olds. Adjusted linear regression models showed that for every μg/day increase in dietary vitamin D intake, serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) increased by around one nmol/L for both age groups (P = 0.002 for the younger age group and P = 0.04 for the older age group). Use of vitamin D supplements was associated with higher S-25(OH)D concentrations in both age groups, while a higher S-25(OH)D concentration among formula users was found only in the youngest age group. Breastfeeding was not associated with S-25(OH)D concentration in either age group. Small positive correlations between child and maternal vitamin D status were observed for both the younger (r = 0.22) and the older (r = 0.28) age groups (P = 0.04 for both groups). Conclusion: While there was a wide range in S-25(OH)D concentrations among children, most were within the sufficient range. Adequate vitamin D intake should be encouraged both in the first and second year of life.

• Gregersen, Ida; Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob J.; Hovland, Anders Wilhelm; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie & Ueland, Thor [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2024). Plasma legumain in familial hypercholesterolemia: associations with statin use and cardiovascular risk markers. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 84(1), p. 24–29. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2309617. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Legumain is known to be regulated in atherosclerotic disease and may have both pro- and anti-atherogenic properties. The study aimed to explore legumain in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a population with increased cardiovascular risk. Plasma legumain was measured in 251 subjects with mostly genetically verified FH, of which 166 were adults (≥18 years) and 85 were children and young adults (<18 years) and compared to 96 normolipidemic healthy controls. Plasma legumain was significantly increased in the total FH population compared to controls (median 4.9 versus 3.3 pg/mL, respectively, p < 0.001), whereof adult subjects with FH using statins had higher levels compared to non-statin users (5.7 versus 3.9 pg/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). Children and young adults with FH (p = 0.67) did not have plasma legumain different from controls at the same age. Further, in FH subjects, legumain showed a positive association with apoB, and markers of inflammation and platelet activation (i.e. fibrinogen, NAP2 and RANTES). In the current study, we show that legumain is increased in adult subjects with FH using statins, whereas there was no difference in legumain among children and young adults with FH compared to controls. Legumain was further associated with cardiovascular risk markers in the FH population. However the role of legumain in regulation of cardiovascular risk in these individuals is still to be determined.

• Øyri, Linn K. L.; Christensen, Jacob J.; Sebert, Sylvain; Thoresen, Magne; Michelsen, Trond M. & Ulven, Stine M. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Maternal prenatal cholesterol levels predict offspring weight trajectories during childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Medicine. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02742-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Numerous intrauterine factors may affect the offspring’s growth during childhood. We aimed to explore if maternal and paternal prenatal lipid, apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 levels are associated with offspring weight, length, and body mass index from 6 weeks to eight years of age. This has previously been studied to a limited extent. Methods This parental negative control study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We included 713 mothers and fathers with or without self-reported hypercholesterolemia and their offspring. Seven parental metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and offspring weight and length were measured at 12 time points. Data were analyzed by linear spline mixed models, and the results are presented as the interaction between parental metabolite levels and offspring spline (age). Results Higher maternal total cholesterol (TC) level was associated with a larger increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.03 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.04). Paternal TC level was not associated with change in offspring body weight (0.17 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.25). Higher maternal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.001 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.005). Higher paternal HDL-C and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 5 years of age but a larger increase in offspring body weight from 5 to 8 years of age (0.01 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.03). Parental metabolites were not associated with change in offspring height or body mass index up to 8 years of age (0.07 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.99). Conclusions Maternal compared to paternal TC, HDL-C, and apoA1 levels were more strongly and consistently associated with offspring body weight during childhood, supporting a direct intrauterine effect.

• Adank, Maria C.; Johansen, Anja Katrin; Benschop, Laura; Streun, Sophia P. Van; Gregoor, Anna M. Smak & Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy as a predictor of childhood lipid levels: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04905-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are associated with maternal health and foetal growth. It is however unclear if maternal lipids in early pregnancy can be used to predict childhood lipid levels. The aim of this study is to assess the association between maternal and offspring childhood lipid levels, and to investigate the influence of maternal BMI and diet on these associations. Methods This study included 2692 women participating in the Generation R study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study from early life onwards. Women with an expected delivery date between 2002 and 2006 living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands were included. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured in early pregnancy (median 13.2 weeks [90% range 10.6; 17.1]). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), remnant cholesterol and non-HDL-c were calculated. Corresponding lipid measurements were determined in 2692 children at the age of 6 (median 6.0 years [90% range 5.7; 7.5]) and 1673 children 10 years (median 9.7 years [90% range 9.5; 10.3]). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy and the corresponding childhood lipid measurements at the ages of 6 and 10 years while adjusting for confounders. Results Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are positively associated with corresponding childhood lipid levels 6 and 10 years after pregnancy, independent of maternal body mass index and diet. Conclusions Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy may provide an insight to the lipid profile of children years later. Gestational lipid levels may therefore be used as an early predictor of children’s long-term health. Monitoring of these gestational lipid levels may give a window-of-opportunity to start early interventions to decrease offspring’s lipid levels and possibly diminish their cardiovascular risk later in life. Future studies are warranted to investigate the genetic contribution on maternal lipid levels in pregnancy and lipid levels of their offspring years later.

• Berk, Kirsten A.; Borgeraas, Heidi; Narverud, Ingunn; Mulder, Monique T.; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie & Verhoeven, Adrie J M [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Differential effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) and fatty acids. Lipids in Health and Disease. 21(145), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12944-022-01756-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Limited evidence suggests that surgical and non-surgical obesity treatment differentially influence plasma Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels. Further, a novel association between plasma arachidonic acid and Lp(a) has recently been shown, suggesting that fatty acids are a possible target to influence Lp(a). Here, the effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) were compared, and it was examined whether the effects were mediated by changes in plasma fatty acid (FA) levels. Methods The study includes two independent trials of patients with overweight or obesity. Trial 1: Two-armed intervention study including 82 patients who underwent a 7-week low energy diet (LED), followed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 52-week follow-up (surgery-group), and 77 patients who underwent a 59-week energy restricted diet- and exercise-program (lifestyle-group). Trial 2: A clinical study including 134 patients who underwent a 20-week very-LED/LED (lifestyle-cohort). Results In the surgery-group, Lp(a) levels [median (interquartile range)] tended to increase in the pre-surgical LED-phase [17(7–68)-21(7–81)nmol/L, P = 0.05], but decreased by 48% after surgery [21(7–81)—11(7–56)nmol/L, P < 0.001]. In the lifestyle-group and lifestyle-cohort, Lp(a) increased by 36%[14(7–77)—19(7–94)nmol/L, P < 0.001] and 14%[50(14–160)—57(19–208)nmol/L, P < 0.001], respectively. Changes in Lp(a) were independent of weight loss. Plasma levels of total saturated FAs remained unchanged after surgery, but decreased after lifestyle interventions. Arachidonic acid and total n-3 FAs decreased after surgery, but increased after lifestyle interventions. Plasma FAs did not mediate the effects on Lp(a). Conclusion Bariatric surgery reduced, whereas lifestyle interventions increased plasma Lp(a), independent of weight loss. The interventions differentially influenced changes in plasma FAs, but these changes did not mediate changes in Lp(a).

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Kristiansen, Anne Lene; Myhre, Jannicke Borch; Astrup, Helene & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Cholesterol at ages 6, 12 and 24 months: Tracking and associations with diet and maternal cholesterol in the Infant Cholesterol Study. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 326, p. 11–16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.04.017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims: There are indications for tracking of circulating total cholesterol concentration (TC) from childhood to later in life. An increased lifelong TC exposure increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis, however little is known about the determinants of TC early in life. We aimed to describe TC in Norwegian offspring aged 6, 12 and 24 months, and to explore if maternal TC, breastfeeding and offspring diet are associated with offspring TC. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mothers of offspring aged 6 (n = 629), 12 (n = 258) and 24 (n = 263) months completed a questionnaire of the offspring's diet and took home-based dried blood spot samples from themselves and their offspring. The mothers and offspring participating at age 12 months also participated at age 6 months of the offspring. Results: Offspring TC showed a wide range in all three age groups. Twenty one percent of the offspring had TC ≥ 5.1 mmol/l. There was significant tracking of offspring TC from 6 to 12 months of age (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Maternal and offspring TC was positively associated in all age groups (0.20 ≤ β ≤ 0.40, p < 0.001 for all). Breastfeeding was positively associated with offspring TC at ages 6 and 12 months (0.05 ≤ β ≤ 0.26, 0.001 ≤ p ≤ 0.03), but not at age 24 months. Conclusions: The wide range in TC and probable tracking of TC from infancy to later in life highlights the importance of early identification of children with elevated TC who can benefit from preventive measures.

• Nordengen, Anne Lene; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Ulven, Stine Marie; Raastad, Truls; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ottestad, Inger Olaug (2021). Comparison of methods to identify individuals with obesity at increased risk of functional impairment among a population of home-dwelling older adults. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521004128. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Obesity is associated with increased muscle mass and muscle strength. Methods taking into account the total body mass to reveal obese older individuals at increased risk of functional impairment are needed. Therefore, we aimed to detect methods to identify obese older adults at increased risk of functional impairment. Home-dwelling older adults (n 417, ≥ 70 years of age) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sex-specific cut-off points for two obesity phenotypes (waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass (FM %)) were used to divide women and men into obese and non-obese groups, and within-sex comparisons were performed. Obese women and men, classified by both phenotypes, had similar absolute handgrip strength (HGS) but lower relative HGS (HGS/total body mass) (P < 0·001) than non-obese women and men, respectively. Women with increased WC and FM %, and men with increased WC had higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass (P < 0·001), lower muscle quality (HGS/upper appendicular muscle mass) (P < 0·001), and spent longer time on the stair climb test and the repeated sit-to-stand test (P < 0·05) than non-obese women and men, respectively. Absolute muscle strength was not able to discriminate between obese and non-obese older adults. However, relative muscle strength in particular, but also muscle quality and physical performance tests, where the total body mass was taken into account or served as an extra load, identified obese older adults at increased risk of functional impairment. Prospective studies are needed to determine clinically relevant cut-off points for relative HGS in particular.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Novel associations between parental and newborn cord blood metabolic profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Medicine. 19(19). doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01959-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background:More than one third of Norwegian women and men between 20 and 40 years of age have elevated cholesterol concentration. Parental metabolic health around conception or during pregnancy may affect the offspring’s cardiovascular disease risk. Lipids are important for fetal development, but the determinants of cord blood lipids have scarcely been studied. We therefore aimed to describe the associations between maternal andpaternal peri-pregnancy lipid and metabolic profile and newborn cord blood lipid and metabolic profile. Methods:This study is based on 710 mother–father–newborn trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and ChildCohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The sample included in thisstudy consisted of parents with and without self-reported hypercholesterolemia the last 6 months before pregnancy and their partners and newborns. Sixty-four cord blood metabolites detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were analyzed by linear mixed model analyses. The false discovery rate procedure wasused to correct for multiple testing. Results:Among mothers with hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn plasma high-density lipoproteincholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alanine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, valine,creatinine, and particle concentration of medium high-density lipoprotein were significantly positively associated(0.001≤q≤0.09). Among mothers without hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn linoleic acid, valine,tyrosine, citrate, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein size, and particle concentration of small high-density lipoproteinwere significantly positively associated (0.02≤q≤0.08). Among fathers with hypercholesterolemia, paternal andnewborn ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 were significantly positively associated (q= 0.04). Amongfathers without hypercholesterolemia, no significant associations were found between paternal and newbornmetabolites. Sex differences were found for many cord blood lipids. Conclusions:Maternal and paternal metabolites and newborn sex were associated with several cord bloodmetabolites. This may potentially affect the offspring’s long-term cardiovascular disease risk.Keywords:MoBa, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, MBRN, Medical Birth Registry of Norway,Cholesterol, Metabolic profiling, Cord blood, Sex differences

• Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Atar, Dan; Leren, Trond Paul & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2020). Prevalence of genetically verified familial hypercholesterolemia among young (<45 years) Norwegian patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. ISSN 1933-2874. 14(3), p. 339–345. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.04.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have an increased risk of premature myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives The objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of FH among young patients hospitalized with acute MI. Methods Data were collected from medical charts of all patients aged <45 years admitted with acute MI to the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, in the period 2012 to 2016. Patients who had not already been genetically tested for FH were contacted and offered genetic testing if the pretreatment or the statin-adjusted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was >4.0 mmol/L (155 mg/dL). Results Of 9332 patients admitted with acute MI, 357 were aged <45 years. Sixteen patients were deceased, and 13 patients did not have MI on an atherosclerotic basis. Of the remaining 328 patients eligible for investigation, 130 had the pretreatment or statin-adjusted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level >4.0 mmol/L (155 mg/dL). Of these, data from 52 patients genetically tested for FH were available. Eleven patients had genetically verified FH constituting 3.4% of the total eligible population (n = 328), 8.5% of those with indications for genetic testing (n = 130), and 21.2% of those actually tested (n = 52). A Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score for clinical FH diagnosis of “definite FH” identified only 5 of the 11 patients with positive genetic test (45%). Including a score of “probable FH” identified all patients with FH but also 17 of the 41 patients (41%) with a negative genetic test. Conclusion The prevalence of FH in young patients with acute MI was higher than in the general population. Routine evaluation of FH diagnosis among these patients could identify more patients with FH, thereby increasing the possibility of initiating early and adequate treatment also among affected relatives.

• Hovland, Anders; Narverud, Ingunn; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Aagnes, Inger & Ueland, Thor [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2020). Subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia have lower aortic valve area and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. ISSN 1933-2874. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.12.006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Reduction of the aortic valve area (AVA) may lead to aortic valve stenosis with considerable impact on morbidity and mortality if not identified and treated. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and also inflammatory biomarkers, including platelet derived biomarkers, have been considered risk factor for aortic stenosis; however, the association between Lp(a), inflammatory biomarkers and AVA among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is not clear. Objective We aimed to investigate the relation between concentration of Lp(a), measurements of the aortic valve including velocities and valve area and circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adult FH subjects and controls. Methods In this cross-sectional study aortic valve measures were examined by cardiac ultrasound and inflammatory markers were analyzed in non-fasting blood samples. The study participants were 64 FH subjects with high (n = 29) or low (n = 35) Lp(a), and 14 healthy controls. Results Aortic valve peak velocity was higher (p = 0.02), and AVA was lower (p = 0.04) in the FH patients compared to controls; however, when performing multivariable linear regression, there were no significant differences. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the high and low FH Lp(a) groups regarding the aortic valve. FH subjects had higher levels of platelet-derived markers CD40L, PF4, NAP2 and RANTES compared to controls (0.003 ≤ P ≤ 0.03). This result persisted after multiple linear regression. Conclusions Middle-aged, intensively treated FH subjects have higher aortic valve velocity, lower AVA, and higher levels of the platelet-derived markers CD40L, PF4, NAP2 and RANTES compared to healthy control subjects. The aortic valve findings were not significant after multiple linear regression, whereas the higher levels of platelet-derived markers were maintained.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Hansson, Patrik; Ivan, Ingvild Hansen & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Intake of fermented dairy products induces a less pro-inflammatory postprandial peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression response than non-fermented dairy products: A randomized controlled cross-over trial. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 64(21), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000319. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Scope: It is aimed to investigate how intake of high-fat meals composed of different dairy products with a similar fat content affects postprandial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression of inflammation-related genes, as well as circulating inflammatory markers and metabolites.<p>Methods and results: Healthy subjects (n = 47) consume four different high-fat meals composed of either butter, cheese, whipped cream, or sourcream in a randomized controlled cross-over study. Fasting and postprandial PBMC gene expression, plasma metabolites, and circulating inflammatory markers are measured. Using a linear mixed model, it is found that expression of genes related to lymphocyte activation, cytokine signaling, chemokine signaling, and cell adhesion is differentially altered between the four meals. In general, intake of the fermented products cheese and sour cream reduces,while intake of the non-fermented products butter and whipped cream increases, expression of these genes. Plasma amino acid concentrations increase after intake of cheese compared to the other meals, and the aminoacid changes correlate with several of the differentially altered genes.<p>Conclusion: Intake of fermented dairy products, especially cheese, induces a less inflammatory postprandial PBMC gene expression response than non-fermented dairy products. These findings may partly explain inconsistent findings in studies on health effects of dairy products.

• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Thoresen, Magne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Sex differences in postprandial responses to different dairy products on lipoprotein subclasses: A randomised controlled cross-over trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 122(7), p. 780–789. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519001429. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Men have earlier first-time event of CHD and higher postprandial TAG response compared with women. The aim of this exploratory sub-study was to investigate if intake of meals with the same amount of fat from different dairy products affects postprandial lipoprotein subclasses differently in healthy women and men. A total of thirty-three women and fourteen men were recruited to a randomised controlled cross-over study with four dairy meals consisting of butter, cheese, whipped cream or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g of fat (approximately 60 energy percent). Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h postprandially. Lipoprotein subclasses were measured using NMR and analysed using a linear mixed model. Sex had a significant impact on the response in M-VLDL (P=0·04), S-LDL (P=0·05), XL-HDL (P=0·009) and L-HDL (P=0·001) particle concentration (P), with women having an overall smaller increase in M-VLDL-P, a larger decrease in S-LDL-P and a larger increase in XL- and L-HDL-P compared with men, independent of meal. Men showed a decrease in XS-VLDL-P compared with women after intake of sour cream (P&amp;lt;0·01). In men only, XS-VLDL-P decreased after intake of sour cream compared with all other meals (v. butter: P=0·001; v. cheese: P=0·04; v. whipped cream: P=0·006). Meals with the same amount of fat from different dairy products induce different postprandial effects on lipoprotein subclass concentrations in men and women.

• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Rehfeld, Jens Frederik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Dairy products influence gut hormone secretion and appetite differently: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Journal of Dairy Science (JDS). ISSN 0022-0302. 103(2), p. 1100–1109. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16863. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Little is known about how dairy products with different nutrient contents and food matrices affect appetite sensation and gut hormone secretion. The objective of this study was to investigate how appetite sensation and gut hormone secretion in healthy adults are affected by meals with the same amount of fat but from different dairy products. Forty-seven healthy adults (70% women) were recruited to a randomized controlled crossover study with 4 dairy meals consisting of butter, cheese, whipped cream, or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g (approximately 60 energy percent) of fat. Plasma samples were collected for analysis of cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin concentrations at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after the meals and analyzed as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–6h) in a mixed model. Hunger, satiety, and appetite sensations were measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after finishing the meals and at 4 and 6 h postprandially. Intake of cheese induced a higher level of plasma PP-iAUC0–6h compared with butter or whipped cream, and a higher level of plasma CCK-iAUC0–6h compared with whipped cream. Intake of whipped cream increased VAS appetite at 4 h compared with cheese or sour cream, and at 6 h compared with cheese or butter. No significant meal effect was found for hunger, satiety, plasma PYY, or plasma ghrelin concentration. Intake of cheese increased postprandial plasma PP and CCK concentrations and decreased appetite compared with whipped cream but not with sour cream. These findings encourage further investigations of how different dairy products affect gut hormone secretion and appetite sensation.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Kristiansen, Anne Lene; Myhre, Jannicke Borch; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Brekke, Hilde Kristin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Infant cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin concentrations vary widely - associations with breastfeeding, infant diet and maternal biomarkers. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 109(1), p. 115–121. doi: 10.1111/apa.14936. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease however little is known about their determinants in infants. We aimed to describe TC and HbA1c concentrations in infants aged 8-14 months, and explore the relation between infant TC, HbA1c, breastfeeding, infant diet, and maternal TC and HbA1c. Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study, mothers of infants aged 6 and 12 months were invited to complete a food frequency questionnaire and to take home-based dried blood spot samples from themselves and their infants. Results: Among the 143 included infants, the mean (SD, range) concentration was 4.1 (0.8, 2.3-6.6) mmol/L for TC and 4.9 (0.4, 3.7-6.0) % for HbA1c. There was no significant difference between age groups or sexes. There was a positive relation between TC concentrations of all infants and mothers (B=0.30 unadjusted, B=0.32 adjusted, P<0.001 for both), and a negative relation between infant TC and intake of unsaturated fatty acids in the oldest age group (B=-0.09, P=0.03 unadjusted, B=-0.08, P=0.06 adjusted). Infant HbA1c was not significantly related to diet or maternal HbA1c. Conclusion: TC and HbA1c concentrations varied widely among infants aged 8-14 months. Infant TC was associated with macronutrient intake and maternal TC.

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Hansson, Patrik; Leder, Lena & Byfuglien, Marte Gjeitung [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Postprandial changes in gene expression of cholesterol influx and efflux mediators after intake of SFA compared to n-6 PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolemia – secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutritional Science (JNS). 8:e27, p. 1–27. doi: 10.1017/jns.2019.25. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The long-term cholesterol lowering effect of replacing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is well established, however not fully explained mechanistically. We examined the postprandial response of meals with different fat quality on expression of lipid genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Thirteen subjects with FH (who had discontinued lipid-lowering treatment ≥4 weeks prior to both test days) and 14 normolipidemic controls were included in a randomized controlled double-blind crossover study with two meals, each with 60 grams of fat either mainly SFAs (~40 E%) or n-6 PUFAs (~40 E%). PBMCs were isolated in fasting, and 4 and 6 hours postprandial blood samples. Expression of 33 lipid genes was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A linear mixed model was used to assess postprandial effects between meals and groups. There was a significant interaction between meal and group for MSR1 (p=0.03), where intake of SFAs compared to n-6 PUFAs induced a larger reduction in gene expression in controls only (p=0.01). Intake of SFAs compared to n-6 PUFAs induced larger reduction in gene expression levels of LDLR and FADS1/2, smaller increase of INSIG1 and FASN, and larger increase of ABCA1 and ABCG1 (p=0.01 for all, no group interaction). Intake of SFAs compared to n-6 PUFAs induced changes in gene expression of cholesterol influx and efflux mediators in PBMCs including lower LDLR and higher ABCA1/G1, potentially explaining the long-term cholesterol-raising effect of a high SFA intake.

• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Meals with Similar Fat Content from Different Dairy Products Induce Different Postprandial Triglyceride Responses in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial. Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0022-3166. 149(3), p. 422–431. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy291. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Postprandial lipemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dairy products differ in nutrient content and food matrix, and little is known about how different dairy products affect postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations. We investigated the effect of meals with similar amounts of fat from different dairy products on postprandial TG concentrations over 6 h in healthy adults. A randomized controlled cross-over study was performed on 47 subjects (30% men), with median (25th–75th percentile) age of 32 (25–46) y and body mass index of 23.6 (21.0–25.8) kg/m2. Meals included 1 of butter, cheese, whipped cream, or sour cream, corresponding to 45 g of fat (approximately 60 energy%). Serum concentrations of TGs (primary outcome), and total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (secondary outcomes) were measured before the meal and 2, 4, and 6 h postprandially. Incremental AUC (iAUC) was calculated for the responses, and data were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Sour cream induced a 61% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to whipped cream (P &lt; 0.001), a 53% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to butter (P &lt; 0.001), and a 23% larger TG-iAUC0–6 h compared to cheese (P = 0.05). No differences in TG-iAUC0–6 h between the other meals were observed. Intake of sour cream induced a larger HDL cholesterol-iAUC0–6 h compared to cheese (P = 0.01). Intake of cheese induced a 124% larger insulin iAUC0–6 h compared to butter (P = 0.006). No other meal effects were observed. High-fat meals containing similar amount of fat from different dairy products induce different postprandial effects on serum TGs, HDL cholesterol, and insulin in healthy adults. The potential mechanisms and clinical impact of our findings remain to be further elucidated. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02836106.

• Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Ulven, Stine Marie; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Ueland, Thor [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Lipoprotein (a) concentration is associated with plasma arachidonic acid in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519001600. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is associated with CVD and is mainly genetically determined. Studies suggest a role of dietary fatty acids (FA) in the regulation of Lp(a); however, no studies have investigated the association between plasma Lp(a) concentration and n-6 FA. We aimed to investigate whether plasma Lp(a) concentration was associated with dietary n-6 FA intake and plasma levels of arachidonic acid (AA) in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). We included FH subjects with (n 68) and without (n 77) elevated Lp(a) defined as ≥75 nmol/l and healthy subjects (n 14). Total FA profile was analysed by GC–flame ionisation detector analysis, and the daily intake of macronutrients (including the sum of n-6 FA: 18 : 2n-6, 20 : 2n-6, 20 : 3n-6 and 20 : 4n-6) were computed from completed FFQ. FH subjects with elevated Lp(a) had higher plasma levels of AA compared with FH subjects without elevated Lp(a) (P = 0·03). Furthermore, both FH subjects with and without elevated Lp(a) had higher plasma levels of AA compared with controls (P &amp;lt; 0·001). The multivariable analyses showed associations between dietary n-6 FA intake and plasma levels of AA (P = 0·02) and between plasma levels of Lp(a) and AA (P = 0·006). Our data suggest a novel link between plasma Lp(a) concentration, dietary n-6 FA and plasma AA concentration, which may explain the small diet-induced increase in Lp(a) levels associated with lifestyle changes. Although the increase may not be clinically relevant, this association may be mechanistically interesting in understanding more of the role and regulation of Lp(a).

• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Hansson, Patrik; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Narverud, Ingunn; Florholmen, Geir & Leder, Lena [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Delayed postprandial TAG peak after intake of SFA compared with PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 119(10), p. 1142–1150. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518000673. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia is associated with an increased risk of developing CVD. How fat quality influences postprandial lipid response is scarcely explored in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial response of TAG and lipid sub-classes after consumption of high-fat meals with different fat quality in subjects with FH compared with normolipidaemic controls. A randomised controlled double-blind cross-over study with two meals and two groups was performed. A total of thirteen hypercholesterolaemic subjects with FH who discontinued lipid-lowering treatment 4 weeks before and during the study, and fourteen normolipidaemic controls, were included. Subjects were aged 18–30 years and had a BMI of 18·5–30·0 kg/m2. Each meal consisted of a muffin containing 60 g (70 E%) of fat, either mainly SFA (40 E%) or PUFA (40 E%), eaten in a random order with a wash-out period of 3–5 weeks between the meals. Blood samples were collected at baseline (fasting) and 2, 4 and 6 h after intake of the meals. In both FH and control subjects, the level of TAG and the largest VLDL sub-classes peaked at 2 h after intake of PUFA and at 4 h after intake of SFA. No significant differences were found in TAG levels between meals or between groups (0·25≤P≤0·72). The distinct TAG peaks may reflect differences in the postprandial lipid metabolism after intake of fatty acids with different chain lengths and degrees of saturation. The clinical impact of these findings remains to be determined.

• Ottestad, Inger; Ulven, Stine Marie; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Sandvei, Kristin Søfteland; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Bye, Asta [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Reduced plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids in sarcopenic older subjects: a cross-sectional study. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 120(4), p. 445–453. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518001307. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids necessary for muscle mass maintenance. Little is known about the plasma concentrations of BCAAs and the protein intake in relation to sarcopenia. We aimed to compare the non-fasting plasma concentrations of the BCAAs and the dietary protein intake between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults. Norwegian older home-dwelling adults (≥ 70 years) were invited to a cross-sectional study with no other exclusion criteria than age. Sarcopenic subjects were defined by the diagnostic criteria by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Non- fasting plasma concentrations of eight amino acids were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Protein intake was assessed using 2 x 24-h dietary recalls. In this study, 90 out of 417 subjects (22 %) were sarcopenic, and more women (32 %) than men (11 %) were sarcopenic (P < 0.0001). Gender-adjusted non-fasting plasma concentrations of leucine and isoleucine, and the absolute intake of protein (g/d) were significantly lower among the sarcopenic subjects, when compared to nonsarcopenic subjects (P = 0.003, P = 0.026 and P = 0.003, respectively). A similar protein intake was observed in the two groups when adjusted for body weight and gender (1.1 g protein/kg BW/d; P = 0.50). We show that sarcopenia is associated with reduced non-fasting plasma concentration of the BCAAs leucine and isoleucine, and lower absolute intake of protein. More studies are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings, related to maintenance of muscle mass and prevention of sarcopenia.

• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Narverud, Ingunn; Lennep, Jeanine Roeters van; Versmissen, Jorie; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie & Galema-Boers, Annette [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Sex differences in cholesterol levels from birth to 19 years of age may lead to increased cholesterol burden in females with FH. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. ISSN 1933-2874. 12(3), p. 748–755.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.02.021. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The increased risk of cardiovascular disease in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by increased cholesterol burden from birth. Even small elevation in cholesterol level accumulates over time and aggravates atherosclerosis. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to describe the lipid profile across sex and age in a large cohort of untreated children and adolescents with FH, as this have not clearly been described. Methods: FH children (438 girls, 452 boys) not receiving lipid-lowering therapy, aged 0 to 19 years were included and divided into 4 age groups (<5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years). Information was retrieved from the medical records. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL cholesterol (non–HDL-C) were studied in relation to sex and age by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Girls with FH as compared to boys had significantly higher TC, LDL-C, and non–HDL-C (P < .001 for all) levels with mean (95% confidence interval) differences of 0.48 mmol/L (0.28, 0.68) (18.6 g/dL), 0.39 mmol/L (0.19, 0.59) (15.08 mg/dL), and 0.42 mmol/L (0.22, 0.63) (16.24 mg/dL), respectively. These estimates did not change after adjustment for age. We also observed sex differences for HDL-C; girls had higher HDL-C in the youngest (<5 years, P = .05) and oldest age groups (15–19 years, P < .001). Conclusions: FH girls have higher levels of TC, LDL-C, and non–HDL-C levels than boys from birth up to 19 years of age. This may contribute significantly to the total lifelong cholesterol burden in FH women.

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• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie (2019). MoBa kolesterol. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund (2019). Vil at man skal måle kolesterolnivå tidlig i livet. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ulven, Stine Marie; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Novel and comprehensive metabolite profiling in cord blood reveal sex differences: A sub-study from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie (2019). Kostholdsråd ved høyt kolesterol eller høye triglyserider. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie (2018). WIDE RANGE IN INFANT CHOLESTEROL LEVELS - ASSOCIATIONS WITH BREASTFEEDING, INFANT DIET AND MATERNAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS. Full text in Research Archive
• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Atar, Dan; Leren, Trond Paul & Bogsrud, Martin Prøven (2018). PREVALENCE OF GENETICALLY VERIFIED FH AMONG YOUNG NORWEGIAN SUBJECTS (<45 YEARS)HOSPITALIZED WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie (2018). Wide range in infant cholesterol levels. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Postprandial effects of different dairy products on triglycerides in lean and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over study. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Postprandial effects of different dairy products on triglycerides in lean and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over study. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Thoresen, Magne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). SEX DIFFERENCES IN POSTPRANDAL RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT DAIRY PRODUCTS ON LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CROSS-OVER TRIAL. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin P.; Hansson, Patrik; Leder, Lena & Byfuglien, Marte G. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). LOWER POSTPRANDIAL LDL RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN PBMC AFTER INTAKE OF SATURATED COMPARED TO POLYUNSATURATED FAT IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT FH. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin P.; Hansson, Patrik; Leder, Lena & Byfuglien, Marte G. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). LOWER POSTPRANDIAL LDL RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN PBMC AFTER INTAKE OF SATURATED COMPARED TO POLYUNSATURATED FAT IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT FH. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin P.; Hansson, Patrik; Leder, Lena & Byfuglien, Marte G. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). LOWER POSTPRANDIAL LDL RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN PBMC AFTER INTAKE OF SATURATED COMPARED TO POLYUNSATURATED FAT IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT FH. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Narverud, Ingunn; Bogsrud, Martin P.; Hansson, Patrik; Leder, Lena & Byfuglien, Marte G. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). LOWER POSTPRANDIAL LDL RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN PBMC AFTER INTAKE OF SATURATED COMPARED TO POLYUNSATURATED FAT IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT FH. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Hansson, Patrik; Bogsrud, Martin P.; Narverud, Ingunn; Florholmen, Geir & Leder, Lena [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). DIFFERENT POSTPRANDIAL TRIGLYCERIDE PEAK AFTER INTAKE OF SATURATED FAT COMPARED TO POLYUNSATURATED FAT IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Hansson, Patrik; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Narverud, Ingunn; Florholmen, Geir & Leder, Lena [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). DIFFERENT POSTPRANDIAL TRIGLYCERIDE PEAK AFTER INTAKE OF SATURATED FAT COMPARED TO POLYUNSATURATED FAT IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. Full text in Research Archive
• Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Hansson, Patrik; Bogsrud, Martin P.; Narverud, Ingunn; Florholmen, Geir & Leder, Lena [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). DIFFERENT POSTPRANDIAL TRIGLYCERIDE PEAK AFTER INTAKE OF SATURATED FAT COMPARED TO POLYUNSATURATED FAT IN SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansson, Patrik; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Brekke, Hilde Kristin; Biong, Anne Sofie & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Postprandial effects of different dairy products on blood lipids in lean and overweight subjects. Full text in Research Archive
• Ottestad, Inger; Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie & Larsen, Sunniva Veen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Ost - venn eller fiende for hjertehelsa? Full text in Research Archive
• Hamrin, Margaretha; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ottestad, Inger; Narverud, Ingunn; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2016). Fra Beverly Hills-dietten til Nordisk kost – hva virker? FH-magasinet. Full text in Research Archive

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