Aud Høieggen

• Olsen, Eirik; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Schmieder, Roland E; Jamerson, Kenneth; MacDonald, Thomas M & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2025). Low Achieved Systolic Blood Pressure Related to Kidney Protection in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic High-Risk Hypertensive Patients. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 38(12), p. 1106–1119. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaf093. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND Protecting the kidneys by lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive patients is not unequivocally settled. We tested the hypothesis that achieving lower average SBP in middle-aged and older high-risk hypertensive patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus through several years would clarify kidney protection. METHODS We analyzed patients 50–80 years with no cardiovascular events during the first 6 months of drug up-titration after randomization to valsartan or amlodipine, and with 3 or more visits onwards with standardized BP measurements. Adjusted Cox analyzes compared worsened kidney function defined as a 50% rise in se-creatinine on a minimum of two occasions at least 4 weeks apart or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in achieved SBP quartiles and in patients who achieved SBP < 130 and 130–139 mmHg with patients whose SBP remained ≥140 mmHg. RESULTS A total of 13,803 patients were investigated of whom 4,655 had DM. Patients with DM had less worsened kidney function at SBP 130–139 mmHg (HR = 0.524, 95% CIs 0.375–0.733, n = 1849, P < 0.001) and at SBP < 130 mmHg (HR = 0.538, CIs 0.316-0.915, n = 674, P = 0.022) compared with patients at ≥ 140 mmHg. They also had less ESKD at SBP 130-139 mmHg (HR = 0.442, CIs 0.196–1.000, P = 0.050) with a similar trend at SBP < 130 mmHg and in quartile analysis with only 1 ESKD in the lowest quartile. Findings in patients without DM (n = 9,148) were similar to DM. CONCLUSIONS In high-risk hypertensive patients aged 50–80 years, with and without DM, targeting SBP of 130–139 mmHg confers kidney protection with possible further benefit at the lower target of SBP < 130 mmHg. Clinical trials registration Trial Number NCT06395194, www.clinicaltrials.gov.

• Olsen, Eirik; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Rognstad, Stine; Aune, Arleen; Brobak, Karl Marius & Bergland, Ola Undrum [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2025). Characteristics of adherent and non-adherent patients with hypertension in a Norwegian cross-sectional study. Exploration of Medicine. 6. doi: 10.37349/emed.2025.1001279. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Erik; Jamerson, Kenneth; Schmieder, Roland E.; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Mariampillai, Julian Eek & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2024). Effects of valsartan vs amlodipine and achieved lower blood pressure on the incidence of end-stage kidney disease: The VALUE Trial. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.12.021. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background There is a paucity of data investigating the impact of antihypertensive drug classes and blood pressure (BP) treatment targets on the incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In patients with high-risk hypertension aged 50–80 years or above, we aimed to, 1) compare effects of valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, with amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker and, 2) assess the effect of achieving systolic BP <135 vs ≥135 mmHg on the ESKD incidence. Methods The VALUE Trial was a multicenter prospective double-blinded randomized clinical trial in patients with essential hypertension and high cardiovascular risk including known coronary disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and previous stroke, in which ESKD was a secondary endpoint defined as progression to kidney transplant and/or dialysis. Patients were randomized to either valsartan or amlodipine, with other anti-hypertensive medications as add-on if needed to reach the systolic BP target of <140 mmHg. Cox proportional hazards ratio (HR) was used to compare different treatment groups and achieved systolic BP <135 with ≥135 mmHg, during 3–6 years of follow-up. Results 15,245 patients were randomized and followed until 63,631 patient-years with only 90 patients lost to follow-up. The primary outcome, a composite of cardiac morbidity and mortality, was neutral between valsartan and amlodipine. On valsartan 47 patients (0.61 %) and on amlodipine 50 patients (0.66 %) developed ESKD (HR=1.02, 95 % CI 0.68–1.52, p =0.94). Achieved SBP <135 mmHg was strongly related to less ESKD (n =9/5036 patients, 0.2 %) compared with achieved SBP ≥135 mmHg (n =73/8766 patients, 0.8 %) (HR=0.28, CI 0.14–0.58, p <0.001). Conclusions In hypertensive patients with a high cardiovascular risk, valsartan and amlodipine have a similar impact on the incidence of end-stage kidney disease. Achieving SBP <135 mmHg, averaging 128.8/77.3 mmHg, is highly efficacious in kidney protection.

• Brobak, Karl Marius; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Aass, Hans Christian; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Aune, Arleen & Olsen, Erik [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2024). Novel biomarkers in patients with uncontrolled hypertension with and without kidney damage. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 33(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2323980. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) are insensitive biomarkers for early detection of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we assessed potential biomarkers for early HMOD in healthy persons and patients with hypertension. We hypothesised that plasma levels of biomarkers: (1) are different between healthy controls and patients with hypertension, (2): can classify patients with hypertension according to the degree of hypertension severity. Design and methods Patients with hypertension prescribed ≥2 antihypertensive agents were selected from a multicentre study. Healthy controls were selected from an ongoing study of living kidney donor candidates. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic daytime ambulatory blood pressure ≥135 mmHg. Kidney HMOD was defined by ACR > 3.0 mg/mmol or eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with hypertension were categorised into three groups: (1) controlled hypertension; (2) uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD; (3) uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD. Fifteen biomarkers were analysed using a Luminex bead-based immunoassay, and nine fell within the specified analytical range. Results Plasma levels of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and uromodulin were significantly different between healthy controls (n = 39) and patients with hypertension (n = 176). In regression models, with controlled hypertension (n = 55) as the reference category, none of the biomarkers were associated with uncontrolled hypertension without (n = 59) and with (n = 62) kidney HMOD. In models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR, osteopontin (OPN) was associated with uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD (odds ratio (OR) 1.77 (1.05–2.98), p = 0.03), and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) with uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD (OR 0.57 (0.34–0.95), p = 0.03). Conclusions None of the biomarkers could differentiate our hypertension groups when established risk factors were considered. Plasma OPN may identify patients with uncontrolled hypertension at risk for kidney HMOD.

• Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Hjørnholm, Ulla; Kjær, Vibeke Norheim & Liestøl, Knut [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2024). Effect of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring on Adherence and Blood Pressure: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 37(10), p. 826–836. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpae059. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND Drug concentration in blood or urine is an acknowledged method to detect nonadherence. Observational studies suggest that informing patients about low or absent serum drug levels improves blood pressure (BP). We performed a multicenter randomized clinical trial to test the hypothesis that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could improve drug adherence and BP in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (HT). METHODS Patients were ≥18 years on stable treatment with at least 2 antihypertensive agents. We planned to randomize 80 nonadherent patients with a systolic daytime ambulatory BP ≥135 mm Hg to TDM intervention or not. The control group and the study personnel who measured BP remained uninformed about serum drug measurements throughout. All patients and physicians were blinded for BPs. Lifestyle advice and detailed information on the disease process and the importance of BP treatment were given to both groups. RESULTS From 2017 to 2022, we randomized 46 diagnosed nonadherent from a total of 606 patients with uncontrolled HT. The TDM group had a 6.7 (±14.5) mm Hg reduction from 147.9 (±10.3) to 141.1 (±14.1) mm Hg, and the control group experienced a 7.3 (±13.2) mm Hg reduction from 147.1 (±9.2) to 139.1 (±17.4) mm Hg, P = 0.9 between groups. Adherence improved in both groups, 73% in the TDM group and 59% in the control group became adherent at 3 months, P = 0.51. CONCLUSIONS In our prospective multicenter clinical trial of uncontrolled and nonadherent hypertensive patients, we found no additional effect of TDM on BP and drug adherence compared with standard care.

• Brobak, Karl Marius; Melsom, Toralf; Eriksen, Bjørn Odvar; Høieggen, Aud; Norvik, Jon Viljar Porserud & Solbu, Marit Dahl (2024). The Association between Urinary Sodium-Potassium Ratio, Kidney Function, and Blood Pressure in a Cohort from the General Population. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. ISSN 1420-4096. 49(1), p. 184–195. doi: 10.1159/000535977. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Subclinical kidney dysfunction may contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension. We assessed the association between the urinary sodium-potassium ratio (Na/K ratio) and blood pressure (BP) in a general population cohort without diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or treated hypertension. We investigated whether any such association was mediated by the kidney function markers measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR), urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), and urinary epidermal growth factor-creatinine ratio (EGF-Cr). <p><p>Methods: The Tromsø Study is a population-based study of inhabitants of the municipality of Tromsø, Northern Norway. Participants aged 50–62 years, without diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or cardiovascular disease, were invited to the substudy Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey in Tromsø 6 (RENIS-T6; 2007–09). For the present study, we excluded participants reporting the use of 1 or more antihypertensive agents, leaving 1,311 RENIS-T6 participants for a cross-sectional analysis. We measured office BP, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), and mGFR using iohexol clearance. Na/K ratio, ACR, and EGF-Cr were measured in morning urine samples. <p>Results: Urinary Na/K ratio was significantly associated with systolic office BP and ABP independently of cardiovascular risk factors and kidney function markers. A one-standard deviation unit increase in the Na/K ratio was associated with increased systolic ABP by 1.0 (0.3–1.6) mm Hg. Urinary Na/K ratio showed a stronger association with office BP than ABP. EGF-Cr, ACR, and mGFR did not mediate the relationship between urinary Na/K ratio and systolic BP. <p>Conclusions: In a representative sample of the middle-aged North-European population without diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or treated hypertension, there was a consistent association between urinary Na/K ratio and BP. The association with BP was not mediated through kidney function measures, suggesting a relationship between a diet with high sodium and low potassium and higher BP regardless of kidney function.

• Brobak, Karl Marius; Andreassen, Runa Marie; Melsom, Toralf; Høieggen, Aud; Norvik, Jon Viljar & Solbu, Marit Dahl (2022). Associations of urinary orosomucoid, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and albumin with blood pressure and hypertension after 7 years. The Tromsø Study. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 31(1), p. 270–283. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2128043. Full text in Research Archive
• Thorstensen, Christian; Clasen, Per-Erik; Rognstad, Stine; Haldsrud, Renate; Føreid, Siri & Helstrøm, Trine [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Development of UHPLC-MS/MS methods to quantify 25 antihypertensive drugs in serum in a cohort of patients treated for hypertension. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. ISSN 0731-7085. 219. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114908. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We developed three ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods to quantify 25 antihypertensive drugs in serum samples. Patient-reported drug lists were collected, and drug concentrations were analysed in samples from 547 patients, half with uncontrolled hypertension, and all treated with ≥ 2 antihypertensive drugs. For sample preparation, serum was mixed with deuterated internal standards and acetonitrile and precipitated. Aliquots of the supernatant were injected on UHPLC-MSMS with a C18 reversed phase column. The mobile phase was 0.1 % HCOOH (formic acid) in water and 0.1 % HCOOH in acetonitrile (except in methanol for spironolactone/canrenone) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The calibrators and internal controls were prepared in Autonorm™. The calibration ranges were wide, and the models were linear or quadratic with squared correlation coefficients ≥ 0.97. The limits of detection and quantification, specificity, carry-over, and matrix effects were acceptable. The accuracy of the internal controls was in the range 85–121 %, and the intermediate precision for all drugs was 4–28 %. The patient-reported antihypertensive drug use and the detected serum drug concentrations were in accordance with that most frequently prescribed nationally. The percent non-detectable level was 5–10 % for bendroflumethiazide, doxazosin, nifedipine, and ramipril. Often the drug dose chosen was lower than the recommended maximum daily dose. We report the maximum (Cmax) and minimum (Cmin) drug concentrations after drug intake. The inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability at Cmin was 18-fold for hydrochlorothiazide, 22-fold for losartan carboxyl acid, 26-fold for amlodipine, 44-fold for candesartan, and 50-fold for valsartan. Our methods are suitable for measuring antihypertensive drugs in patient serum for therapy control.

• Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Bergland, Ola Undrum; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Hjørnholm, Ulla & Kjær, Vibeke Norheim [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Nonadherence by Serum Drug Analyses in Resistant Hypertension: 7-Year Follow-Up of Patients Considered Adherent by Directly Observed Therapy. Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA). 11(18). doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.025879. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Measurement of serum concentrations of drugs is a novelty found useful in detecting poor drug adherence in patients taking ≥2 antihypertensive agents. Regarding patients with treatment‐resistant hypertension, we previously based our assessment on directly observed therapy. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum drug measurements in patients with resistant hypertension offer additional information regarding drug adherence, beyond that of initial assessment with directly observed therapy. Methods and Results Nineteen patients assumed to have true treatment‐resistant hypertension and adherence to antihypertensive drugs based on directly observed therapy were investigated repeatedly through 7 years. Serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs were measured by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry from blood samples taken at baseline, 6‐month, 3‐year, and 7‐year visits. Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, self‐reported adherence and beliefs about medicine were performed as supplement investigations. Seven patients (37%) were redefined as nonadherent based on their serum concentrations during follow‐up. All patients reported high adherence to medications. Nonadherent patients expressed lower necessity and higher concerns regarding intake of antihypertensive medication (P=0.003). Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms affecting metabolism of antihypertensive drugs were found in 16 patients (84%), 21% were poor metabolizers, and none were ultra‐rapid metabolizers. Six of 7 patients redefined as nonadherent had cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, however, not explaining the low serum drug concentrations measured in these patients. Conclusions Our data suggest that repeated measurements of serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs revealed nonadherence in one‐third of patients previously evaluated as adherent and treatment resistant by directly observed therapy, thereby improving the accuracy of adherence evaluation. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT01673516.

• Zacks, Eran S.; Stokke, Ildri Maria; Wachtell, Kristian; Hille, Darcy A.; Høieggen, Aud & Kjeldsen, Sverre [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Time-varying serum uric acid predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in treated hypertensive patients. The LIFE Study. Exploration of medicine. ISSN 2692-3106. 3(2), p. 128–138. doi: 10.37349/emed.2022.00079. Full text in Research Archive
• Pappaccogli, Marco; Monaco, Silvia Di; Warchoł-Celińska, Ewa; Lorthioir, Aurélien; Amar, Laurence & Aparicio, Lucas S. [Show all 134 contributors for this article] (2021). The European/international fibromuscular dysplasia registry and initiative (FEIRI) - Clinical phenotypes and their predictors based on a cohort of 1000 patients. Cardiovascular Research (CVR). ISSN 0008-6363. 117(3), p. 950–959. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa102. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergland, Ola Undrum; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Hjørnholm, Ulla; Kjær, Vibeke Norheim & Rognstad, Stine [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2021). Detection of Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Treatment by Measurements of Serum Drug Concentrations. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 78(3), p. 617–628. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17514. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nonadherence to drugs is a challenge in hypertension treatment. We aimed to assess the prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug concentrations compared with 2 indirect methods and relate to the prescribed drug regimens in a nationwide multicenter study. Five hundred fifty patients with hypertension using ≥2 antihypertensive agents participated. We measured concentrations of 23 antihypertensive drugs using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry and compared with patients’ self-reports and investigators’ assessment based on structured interview. We identified 40 nonadherent patients (7.3%) using serum drug concentrations. They had higher office diastolic blood pressure (90 versus 83 mm Hg, P<0.01) and daytime diastolic blood pressure (85 versus 80 mm Hg, P<0.01) though systolic blood pressures did not differ significantly. They had more prescribed daily antihypertensive pills (2.5 versus 2.1 pills, P<0.01) and total daily pills (5.5 versus 4.4 pills, P=0.03). Prescription of fixed-dose combination pills were lower among the nonadherent patients identified by serum concentrations (45.0 versus 67.1%, P<0.01). Fifty-three patients self-reported nonadherence, while the investigators suspected 69 nonadherent patients. These groups showed no or few differences in drug regimens, respectively. In summary, we detected 7.3% prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug measurements in patients using ≥2 antihypertensive agents in a nationwide study; they had higher office and ambulatory diastolic blood pressures, higher number of prescribed daily pills, more daily antihypertensive pills, and less frequent prescriptions of fixed-dose combination pills. Indirect methods showed poor overlap with serum drugs concentrations and no or minimal medication differences. Thus, serum measurements of drugs were useful in detection and characterization of nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment.

• Heimark, Sondre; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl; Nortvedt, Per & Høieggen, Aud (2021). Hvordan tilnærme seg pasienter med antatt terapiresistent hypertensjon og nedsatt medikamentetterlevelse? Indremedisineren. ISSN 1891-1617. 1, p. 34–37. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0978. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergo, Kaja Knudsen; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Hoffmann, Pavel; Hjørnholm, Ulla; Cataliotti, Alessandro & Høieggen, Aud [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Renal sympathetic denervation lowers systemic vascular resistance in true treatment-resistant hypertension. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1789446. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) is again gaining interest as recent well-designed trials have demonstrated reduced ambulatory blood pressure (BP) after RDN. However, the hemodynamic mechanisms have not been elucidated. We aimed for the first time to investigate the effect of RDN on the “Hallmark of Hypertension” namely increased systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI). Materials and methods We investigated SVRI change in patients with true treatment-resistant hypertension randomised to RDN (n = 9) or drug adjusted control (n = 9). Treatment-resistant hypertension was defined as office systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg despite ≥ 3 antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. True treatment-resistant hypertension was confirmed prior to inclusion with ambulatory daytime systolic BP ≥ 135 mmHg immediately after witnessed intake of antihypertensive drugs. Hemodynamic variables were recorded with thoracic impedance cardiography at baseline and at three and six months follow-up after RDN. This non-invasive method also guided further tailoring of drug treatment in the control group aiming to normalise hemodynamic variables and BP. Results From three to six months follow-up after RDN, SVRI decreased with a median of −611 dyn*s*m2/cm5 [IQR −949 to −267] (p < 0.01), while supine mean BP decreased with a median of −11 mmHg [IQR −21 to −3] (p = 0.02). In the same period, SVRI in the control group was reduced with −674 dyn*s*m2/cm5 [IQR −1,309 to −340] (p < 0.01), while supine mean BP decreased with −15 mmHg [IQR −29 to −6] (p = 0.01). Thus, hemodynamic variables and BP in the two groups normalised in parallel. Conclusion Our data suggest that in patients with true treatment-resistant hypertension, renal sympathetic denervation lowers BP by reducing systemic vascular resistance of similar size as in the control group with careful individual selection of antihypertensive drugs and dose titration.

• Rognstad, Stine; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Bergland, Ola Undrum; Høieggen, Aud; Strømmen, Magnus & Helland, Arne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Establishing Serum Reference Ranges for Antihypertensive Drugs. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. ISSN 0163-4356. 43(1), p. 116–125. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000806. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) involves the measurement of serum drug concentrations to optimize pharmacotherapy. Traditionally, blood pressure measurements alone, and not TDM, have been used to evaluate the antihypertensive drug response. However, approximately 50% of hypertensive patients treated with lifestyle changes and antihypertensive drugs fail to achieve blood pressure control. Serum drug concentration measurements could be useful to select the optimal drugs in adjusted doses and to identify nonadherence. Implementation of TDM in clinical routine for antihypertensive drugs depends on established serum reference ranges. Methods: Commonly used antihypertensive drugs were identified based on prescription data. The authors performed a review of authoritative literature on reported serum drug concentrations and calculated expected concentrations from previously reported pharmacokinetic parameters with commonly prescribed daily doses. Finally, serum drug concentrations in samples from patients undergoing antihypertensive treatment were measured. Results: Serum reference ranges for 24 frequently used antihypertensive drugs were established based on results from 3 approaches. Conclusions: Serum drug concentration measurements, interpreted in light of the established reference ranges, together with blood pressure measurements and other clinical data, may help identify nonadherent patients and tailor individual antihypertensive treatment when deviant drug responses appear in line with the concept of personalized medicine.

• Bergland, Ola Undrum; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Høieggen, Aud; Rostrup, Morten & Kjær, Vibeke Norheim [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Changes in sympathetic nervous system activity after renal denervation: results from the randomised Oslo RDN study. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. p. 1–12. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1868286. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) over-activity is associated with essential hypertension. Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) possibly lowers office- and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH). We aimed to assess the effect of RDN compared to drug adjustment on SNS activity among patients with TRH by measuring plasma catecholamines and heart rate variability (HRV) during stress tests. Materials and methods Patients with TRH were randomised to RDN (n = 9) or Drug Adjustment (DA) (n = 10). We measured continuous HRV and beat-to-beat-BP using FinaPres® and obtained plasma catecholamines during standardised orthostatic- and cold-pressor stress tests (CPT) before- and six months after randomisation. Results CPT revealed no differences between groups at baseline in peak adrenaline concentration (69.3 pg/mL in the DA group vs. 70.0 pg/mL in the RDN group, p = 0.38) or adrenaline reactivity (Δ23.1 pg/mL in the DA group vs. Δ29.3 pg/mL in the RDN group, p = 0.40). After six months, adrenaline concentrations were statistically different between groups after one minute (66.9 pg/mL in the DA group vs. 55.3 pg/mL in the RDN group, p = 0.03), and six minutes (62.4 pg/mL in the DA group vs. 50.1 pg/mL in the RDN group, p = 0.03). There was a tendency of reduction in adrenaline reactivity after six months in the RDN group (Δ26.3 pg/mL at baseline vs. Δ12.8 pg/ml after six months, p = 0.08), while it increased in the DA group (Δ13.6 pg/mL at baseline vs. Δ19.9 pg/mL after six months, p = 0.53). We also found a difference in the Low Frequency band at baseline following the CPT (667µs2 in the DA group vs. 1628µs2 in the RDN group, p = 0.03) with a clear tendency of reduction in the RDN group to 743µs2 after six months (p = 0.07), compared to no change in the DA group (1052µs2, p = 0.39). Conclusion Our data suggest that RDN reduces SNS activity after six months. This finding warrants investigation in a larger study. Clinical Trial Number registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01673516

• Bergland, Ola Undrum; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Hjørnholm, Ulla & Hoffmann, Pavel [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). The randomised Oslo study of renal denervation vs. Antihypertensive drug adjustments: efficacy and safety through 7 years of follow-up. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1828818. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose The blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) in treatment-resistant hypertension shows variation amongst the existing randomised studies. The long-term efficacy and safety of RDN require further investigation. For the first time, we report BP changes and safety up to 7 years after RDN, compared to drug adjustment in the randomised Oslo RDN study. Materials and methods Patients with treatment-resistant hypertension, defined as daytime systolic ambulatory BP ≥135 mmHg after witnessed intake of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic, were randomised to either RDN (n = 9) or drug adjustment (n = 10). The initial primary endpoint was the change in office BP after 6 months. The RDN group had their drugs adjusted after 1 year using the same principles as the Drug Adjustment group. Both groups returned for long-term follow-up after 3 and 7 years. Results The decrease in office BP and ambulatory BP (ABPM) after 6 months did not persist, but gradually increased in both groups. From 6 months to 7 years follow-up, mean daytime systolic ABPM increased from 142 ± 10 to 145 ± 15 mmHg in the RDN group, and from 133 ± 11 to 137 ± 13 mmHg in the Drug Adjustment group, with the difference between them decreasing. In a mixed factor model, a significantly different variance was found between the groups in daytime systolic ABPM (p = .04) and diastolic ABPM (p = .01) as well as office diastolic BP (p<.01), but not in office systolic BP (p = .18). At long-term follow-up we unveiled no anatomical- or functional renal impairment in either group. Conclusions BP changes up to 7 years show a tendency towards a smaller difference in BPs between the RDN and drug adjustment patients. Our data support RDN as a safe procedure, but it remains non-superior to intensive drug adjustment 7 years after the intervention.

• Hjørnholm, Ulla; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Andersen, Marit Helen & Høieggen, Aud (2019). Directly observed therapy prior to ambulatory blood pressure measurement (DOT-HTN) in uncontrolled hypertensive patients - Effect on blood pressure, safety and patient perception. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2019.1633907. Full text in Research Archive
• Sommer, Martin Skage; Lippe, Nanna von der; Kløw, Nils-Einar & Høieggen, Aud (2019). Renal fibromuskulær dysplasi og hypertensjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(4). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0226. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  middelsstore arterier. Tilstanden har ukjent etiologi og sees hyppigst hos middelaldrende kvinner, men kan ramme begge kjønn i alle aldre. Ved affeksjon av nyrearteriene er hypertensjon den vanligste kliniske manifestasjonen. Diagnosen stilles på bakgrunn av klinisk mistanke og spesifikke angiografiske funn. Behandlingen rettes mot normalisering av blodtrykket ved hjelp av medikamenter eller ved revaskularisering.

• Drangsholt, Sarah H; Cappelen, Ulrik William; Lippe, Nanna von der; Høieggen, Aud; Os, Ingrid & Brekke, Fredrik B. (2019). Beliefs about medicines in dialysis patients and after renal transplantation. Hemodialysis International. ISSN 1492-7535. 23(1), p. 117–125. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12717. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Patients with end‐stage renal disease are burdened by a complex medication regimen, but little is known about the belief about medicine among dialysis‐ and renal transplant (RTX) patients. Patients’ beliefs about medicines may influence drug adherence and thereby affect morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to assess the beliefs about medicine in dialysis as well as after RTX. Methods: In a prospective study, 301 dialysis patients were followed for up to 5.5 years during which time 142 had been transplanted. Out of the transplanted patients, 110 were eligible for inclusion. The Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ) was used to assess the beliefs in dialysis and after transplantation. BMQ in dialysis was also compared to that of the general Norwegian population (n = 426). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with BMQ subscales as dependent variables and sociodemographic and clinical data as independent variables. Findings: Median age in dialysis was 62 (IQR 50‐73) years, 66.1% were male and 80.7% were treated with hemodialysis. When in dialysis, 98.2% strongly believed their medications were necessary, while 34.4% reported strong concerns. Furthermore, 17.3% believed their medications to be harmful and 38.6% believed that doctors overprescribed medicines. The Necessity‐concern differential had a positive score in 92.6% of the patients. Follow‐up time was 55 (IQR 50‐59) months. After transplantation, there was an increase in the patient‐reported necessity of medication (21.9 ± 2.7 vs. 23.8 ± 1.9, P < 0.001) compared to while in dialysis. Correlations were found between patient beliefs and education, age, and depression. Discussion: Although positive beliefs about medicines increase after transplantation, concerns are high in both dialysis and after RTX. Implementing the BMQ routinely in the clinical evaluation of dialysis‐ and RTX patients may help to identify patients with increased risk for medical nonadherence.

• Stubnova, Viera; Os, Ingrid; Høieggen, Aud; Solbu, Marit Dahl; Grundtvig, Morten & Westheim, Arne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Gender differences in association between uric acid and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 19:4(1), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0989-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  <p><i>Background - </i>Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease, yet it is still not decided whether the role of SUA is causal or only reflects an underlying disease. The purpose of the study was to investigate if SUA was an independent predictor of 5-year all-cause mortality in a propensity score matched cohort of chronic heart failure (HF) outpatients. Furthermore, to assess whether gender or renal function modified the effect of SUA. <p><i>Methods - </i>Patients (<i>n</i> = 4684) from the Norwegian Heart Failure Registry with baseline SUA were included in the study. Individuals in the highest gender-specific SUA quartile were propensity score matched 1:1 with patients in the lowest three SUA quartiles. The propensity score matching procedure created 928 pairs of patients (73.4% males, mean age 71.4 ± 11.5 years) with comparable baseline characteristics. Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the independent effect of SUA on all-cause mortality. <p><i>Results - </i>SUA in the highest quartile was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in HF outpatients (hazard ratio (HR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.37, <i>p</i>-value 0.021). Gender was found to interact the relationship between SUA and all-cause mortality (<i>p</i>-value for interaction 0.007). High SUA was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in women (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24–2.20, <i>p</i>-value 0.001), but not in men (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.89–1.25, <i>p</i>-value 0.527). Renal function did not influence the relationship between SUA and all-cause mortality (<i>p</i>-value for interaction 0.539). <p><i>Conclusions - </i>High SUA was independently associated with inferior 5-year survival in Norwegian HF outpatients. The finding was modified by gender and high SUA was only an independent predictor of 5-year all-cause mortality in women, not in men.

• Hjørnholm, Ulla; Aamodt, Josephine Jeanette Mikaela; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl; Høieggen, Aud & Andersen, Marit Helen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Directly Observed Therapy in Hypertension (DOT-HTN). In Burnier, Michel (Eds.), Drug Adherence in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer Nature. ISSN 9783319765921. p. 57–85. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-76593-8_6. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Eskås, Per Anders; Heimark, Sondre; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl & Høieggen, Aud [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension?patient?physician relationship and ethical issues. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 26(3), p. 133–138. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2016.1277129. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Poor drug adherence is a major cause of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. As a consequence, several methods have been developed and attempted implemented in clinical practice to reveal non-adherence and to monitor drug adherence. There are, however, several hitherto unresolved ethical aspects regarding potential methods for drug monitoring in these patients. RESULTS: The most striking challenge is the balance between patient autonomy and the physician's desire for the patient to adhere to the prescribed therapy. Also, methods for monitoring must only be implemented in the treatment of well-informed and consenting patients. Major resources are used on non-adherent patients; how long the physician should encourage continuation of treatment is an important question. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that physicians should reflect and discuss these potential challenges, and that patient education, information and a solid patient-physician relationship are essential for achieving drug adherence. Methods for monitoring adherence represent, however, a useful and often necessary supplement. This research has been accepted and published in Blood Pressure. © 2017 Taylor & Francis

• Eskås, Per Anders; Heimark, Sondre; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl & Høieggen, Aud (2016). Adherence to medication and drug monitoring in apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 25(4), p. 199–205. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1121706. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Poor drug adherence is one of the main reasons for the failure to achieve treatment targets in hypertensive patients. In patients who receive pharmacological treatment, assessment of drug adherence is of the utmost importance. The aim of this review is to present an update of the methods available to reveal and monitor non-adherence in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. Methods for monitoring adherence are divided into indirect and direct methods. The indirect methods are mainly based on self-reported adherence and can easily be manipulated by the patient. Directly observed therapy and therapeutic drug monitoring are examples of direct methods. There are limitations and advantages to all of the methods, and because of the patient’s ability to manipulate the outcome of indirect methods, direct methods should be preferred. Therapeutic drug monitoring and directly observed therapy with subsequent ambulatory blood pressure measurement are considered to be reliable methods and should be used more in the routine assessment of patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.

• Berra, Elena; Azizi, Michel; Capron, Arnaud; Høieggen, Aud; Rabbia, Franco & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Evaluation of adherence should become an integral part of assessment of patients with apparently treatment-resistant hypertension. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 68(2), p. 297–306. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07464. Full text in Research Archive
• Heimark, Sondre; Eskås, Per Anders; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Høieggen, Aud & Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl (2016). Tertiary work-up of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 25(5), p. 312–318. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2016.1172865. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: Treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) has regained attention with development of new methods for treatment. However, the prevalence of TRH varies considerably from primary to secondary and tertiary care. We aimed to assess the prevalence of true TRH in a population of patients with apparent TRH in a university hospital setting of tertiary work-up and also investigate reasons for poor BP control and evaluate how work-up can be performed in general practice and secondary care. Methods: In this cohort study, we characterize a study population from Oslo Renal Denervation (RDN) Study. Patients (n = 83) were referred for RDN from secondary care. All patients underwent thorough medical investigation and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (24ABPM) after directly observed therapy (DOT). We then assessed reasons for lack of BP control. Results: Fifty-three of 83 patients did not have true TRH. Main reasons for non-TRH were poor drug adherence (32%), secondary hypertension (30%) and white coat hypertension (15%). Forty-seven percent achieved blood pressure control after DOT with subsequent 24ABPM. There were otherwise no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics between the true TRH and the non-TRH group. Conclusion: Despite being a highly selected cohort referred for tertiary work-up of apparent TRH, BP control was achieved or secondary causes were identified in almost two thirds of the patients. Thorough investigation according to guidelines and DOT with subsequent 24ABPM is needed in work-up of apparent TRH.

• Eskås, Per Anders; Heimark, Sondre; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl & Høieggen, Aud (2016). Medikamentetterlevelse og monitorering av antihypertensiv behandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(10), p. 920–923. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0978. Full text in Research Archive
• Skårn, Sigrid Nordang; Flaa, Arnljot; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Rostrup, Morten; Brunborg, Cathrine & Reims, Henrik Mikael [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Family history of hypertension and serumtriglycerides predict future insulin sensitivity: A17-year follow-up study of youngmen. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 33(9), p. 1845–1852. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000632. Full text in Research Archive
• Persu, Alexandre; Jin, Yu; Mula, Fadl El Mula Mohamed Fadl El; Renkin, Jean; Høieggen, Aud & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Renal denervation in treatment-resistant hypertension: A reappraisal. Current opinion in pharmacology (Print). ISSN 1471-4892. 21, p. 48–52. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.12.013. Full text in Research Archive
• Skårn, Sigrid Nordang; Flaa, Arnljot; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Rostrup, Morten; Brunborg, Cathrine & Reims, Henrik Mikael [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). High screening blood pressure at young age predicts future masked hypertension: A 17 year follow-up study. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 24(3), p. 131–138. doi: 10.3109/21695717.2015.1030889. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Mula, Fadl El Mula Mohamed Fadl El; HOFFMANN, PAVEL; Sørensen, Heidi; Høieggen, Aud & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik (2014). En oppdatering på renal denervasjon som behandling av terapiresistent hypertensjon. Hjerteforum. ISSN 0802-1465. 27(4), p. 47–55. Full text in Research Archive
• Sørensen, Heidi; Mula, Fadl El Mula Mohamed Fadl El; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Brekke, Magne; Gjønnæss, Eyvind & Hjørnholm, Ulla [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2014). Renal sympatisk denervering ved terapiresistent hypertensjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134(1), p. 32–36. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0276. Full text in Research Archive
• Mula, Fadl El Mula Mohamed Fadl El; HOFFMANN, PAVEL; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Fossum, Eigil; Brekke, Magne & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2014). Adjusted drug treatment is superior to renal sympathetic denervation in patients with true treatment-resistant hypertension. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 63(5), p. 991–999. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03246. Full text in Research Archive
• Mula, Fadl El Mula Mohamed Fadl El; HOFFMANN, PAVEL; Fossum, Eigil; Brekke, Magne; Gjønnæss, Eyvind & Hjørnholm, Ulla [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2013). Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Hypertension After Witnessed Intake of Medication Before Qualifying Ambulatory Blood Pressure. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 62(3), p. 526–532. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01452. Full text in Research Archive
• Gudmundsdottir, Helga; Høieggen, Aud; Stenehjem, Aud Eldrid; Waldum, Bård & Os, Ingrid (2012). Hypertension in women: latest findings and clinical implications. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. ISSN 2040-6223. 3(2), p. 137–146. doi: 10.1177/2040622312438935. Full text in Research Archive
• Gudmundsdottir, Helga; Taarnhøj, Nina; Strand, Arne Haakon; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Høieggen, Aud & Os, Ingrid (2010). Blood pressure development and hypertensive retinopathy: 20-year follow-up of middle-aged normotensive and hypertensive men. Journal of Human Hypertension. ISSN 0950-9240. 24(8), p. 505–513. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2009.94. Full text in Research Archive
• Wiik, Benedicte Pran; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Høieggen, Aud; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Olsen, Michael Hecht & Ibsen, Hans [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2010). Serum uric acid is associated with new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: The LIFE Study. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 23(8), p. 845–851. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2010.89. Full text in Research Archive
• Gudmundsdottir, Helga; Strand, Arne Haakon; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Høieggen, Aud & Os, Ingrid (2008). Serum Phosphate, Blood Pressure, and the Metabolic Syndrome-20-Year Follow-Up of Middle-Aged Men. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. ISSN 1524-6175. 10(11), p. 814–821. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.00032.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Høieggen, Aud & Os, Ingrid (2007). Fixed combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide and reduction of risk of stroke. Vascular Health and Risk Management. ISSN 1176-6344. 3(3), p. 296–305. Full text in Research Archive
• Smebye, ML; Iversen, EK; Høieggen, Aud; Flaa, Arnljot; Os, Ingrid & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2007). Effect of hemoglobin levels on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with isolated Systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (from the LIFE study). American Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0002-9149. 100, p. 855–859. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.109. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Os, Ingrid; Høieggen, Aud; Beckey, K; Gleim, Gilbert W & Oparil, Suzanne (2005). Fixed-dose combinations in the management of hypertension : defining the place of Angiotensin receptor antagonists and hydrochlorothiazide. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs. ISSN 1175-3277. 5(1), p. 17–22. Full text in Research Archive
• Reims, Henrik Mikael; Fossum, Eigil; Høieggen, Aud; Moan, A; Eide, Ivar & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik (2004). Adrenal medullary overactivity in lean, borderline hypertensive young men. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 17, p. 611–618. Full text in Research Archive
• Os, Ingrid; Oparil, S; Gerdts, E & Høieggen, Aud (2004). Essential hypertension in women. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 13, p. 272–278. Full text in Research Archive

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• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl; Fossum, Eigil & Høieggen, Aud (2024). Renal denervering bør ikke markedsføres. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0584. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Mariampillai, Julian Eek & Høieggen, Aud (2023). Uric acid and left ventricular mass in prediction of cardiovascular risk-New insight from the URRAH study. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. 114, p. 45–46. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.05.016. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Heimark, Sondre; Waldum-Grevbo, Bård & Kjeldsen, Sverre [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Diabetes og kronisk nyresykdom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0822. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Zachs, Eran S.; Stokke, Ildri Maria; Wachtell, Kristian; Hille, Darcy A. & Høieggen, Aud [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Time-varying serum uric acid predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in treated hypersensitive patients. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 40, p. e3–e3. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000835312.59915.7b. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Gognstad, Stine; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Ågnes, Camilla; Hjørnholm, Ulla & Kjær, Vibeke Norheim [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2022). Implications of CYP2D6 polymorphisms for therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 40, p. e310–e310. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000838764.61491.a8. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Sørensen, Heidi; Mula, Fadl El Mula Mohamed Fadl El; Brekke, Magne; Gjønnæss, Eyvind & Hjørnholm, Ulla [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2014). Re: Renal sympatisk denervering ved terapiresistent hypertensjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134(15), p. 1449–1450. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Mula, Fadl El Mula Mohamed Fadl El; HOFFMANN, PAVEL; Sørensen, Heidi; Høieggen, Aud & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik (2014). Tvilsom effekt av renal denervering. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134(17), p. 1643–1644. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0276. Full text in Research Archive
• Høieggen, Aud; Stenehjem, Aud Eldrid; Foss, C. & Os, Ingrid (2010). REFERRALS FOR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 28, p. E453–E454. Full text in Research Archive
• Foss, C.; Høieggen, Aud; Stenehjem, Aud Eldrid & Os, Ingrid (2010). White Coat Effect and White Coat Hypertension in Patients Referred To Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 28, p. E456–E456. Full text in Research Archive
• Os, Ingrid; Høieggen, Aud; Lindstad, C. B. & Eide, Ivar (2010). IS ABNORMAL CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE PATTERN REVERSED DURING IMPROVED CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN LOW RENIN HYPERTENSION? Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 28, p. E456–E456. Full text in Research Archive
• Smebye, Marianne; Høieggen, Aud; Os, Ingrid & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik (2006). Hemoglobin levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients wit isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. A LIFE substudy. Full text in Research Archive
• Høieggen, Aud; Scott, Helge; Røger, M; Aksnes, Håvard & Os, Ingrid (2005). Acute oliguric failure in a young man with fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia. Full text in Research Archive
• Høieggen, Aud; Os, Ingrid & Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik (2005). Hemoglobin level and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. A LIFE substudy. Full text in Research Archive

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