Gunnar Einvik

• Aaløkken, Trond Mogens; Ashraf, Haseem; Einvik, Gunnar; Lerum, Tøri Vigeland; Meltzer, Carin & Rivero, Jezabel Rodriguez [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). CT abnormalities 3 and 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 and association with disease severity: A prospective cohort study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 19(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302896.
• Øvrebotten, Tarjei; Mecinaj, Albulena; Stavem, Knut; Ghanima, Waleed; Brønstad, Eivind & Durheim, Michael Thomas [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2024). Trajectory of cardiac troponin T following moderate-to-severe COVID-19 and the association with cardiac abnormalities. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. ISSN 1471-2261. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12872-024-03854-7.
• Folkvord, Frans; Würth, Ana Roca-Umbert; van Houten, Karlijn; Liefveld, Aad R.; Carlson, Jim Ingebretsen & Bol, Nadine [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2024). A systematic review on experimental studies about patient adherence to treatment. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives. ISSN 2052-1707. 12(1). doi: 10.1002/prp2.1166.
• Dammen, Toril; Papageorgiou, Constantinos; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer & Einvik, Gunnar (2023). Metacognitions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a psychometric study of the metacognitions questionnaire-30. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1265102. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvrebotten, Tarjei; Heck, Siri Lagethon; Skjørten, Ingunn; Einvik, Gunnar; Stavem, Knut & Ingul, Charlotte Ingeborg Björk [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Minor Myocardial Scars in Association with Cardiopulmonary Function after COVID-19. Cardiology. ISSN 0008-6312. 148(4), p. 300–306. doi: 10.1159/000530942. Full text in Research Archive
• Johannessen, Øyvind; Reite, Fride Uthaug; Bhatnagar, Rahul; Øvrebotten, Tarjei; Einvik, Gunnar & Myhre, Peder Langeland (2023). Lung Ultrasound to Assess Pulmonary Congestion in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD. The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1176-9106. 18, p. 693–703. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S396855. Full text in Research Archive
• Selvakumar, Joel Pradeepkumar; Havdal, Lise Beier; Drevvatne, Martin Solstrand; Brodwall, Elias Myrstad; Lund-Berven, Lise & Stiansen-Sonerud, Tonje [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2023). Prevalence and Characteristics Associated With Post-COVID-19 Condition Among Nonhospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA Network Open. ISSN 2574-3805. 6(3). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.5763. Full text in Research Archive
• Lerum, Tøri Vigeland; Meltzer, Carin; Rivero, Jezabel Rodriguez; Aaløkken, Trond Mogens; Brønstad, Eivind & Aarli, Bernt Bøgvald [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). A prospective study of pulmonary outcomes and chest computed tomography in the first year after COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 9(2). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00575-2022. Full text in Research Archive
• Stavem, Knut; Einvik, Gunnar & Lundqvist, Christofer (2022). Cognitive Impairment 13 Months After Hospitalization for COVID-19. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2328-8957. 9(7). doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac355. Full text in Research Archive
• Sommen, Silke Lauren; Havdal, Lise Beier; Selvakumar, Joel Pradeepkumar; Einvik, Gunnar; Leegaard, Truls Michael & Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Inflammatory markers and pulmonary function in adolescents and young adults 6 months after mild COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081718. Full text in Research Archive
• Kononova, Natalia; Einvik, Gunnar; Holmedahl, Nils Henrik; Hagve, Tor-Arne; Omland, Torbjørn & Søyseth, Vidar (2022). It is unlikely that oxygen supplementation in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure reduce cardiac troponin level. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. ISSN 1471-2466. 22, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-02169-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Ingul, Charlotte Bjørk; Edvardsen, Anne; Follestad, Turid; Trebinjac, Divna; Ankerstjerne, Odd Andre Wathne & Brønstad, Eivind [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Changes in cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and limitations 3-12 months after COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 61(2). doi: 10.1183/13993003.00745-2022. Full text in Research Archive
• Stavem, Knut; Einvik, Gunnar; Tholin, Birgitte; Ghanima, Waleed; Hessen, Erik & Lundqvist, Christofer (2022). Cognitive function in non-hospitalized patients 8–13 months after acute COVID-19 infection: A cohort study in Norway. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 17(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273352. Full text in Research Archive
• Caspersen, Nina Faksvåg; Søyseth, Vidar; Lyngbakken, Magnus Nakrem; Berge, Trygve; Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann & Tveit, Arnljot [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Treatable Traits in Misdiagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1541-2555. 9(2), p. 165–180. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.2021.0265. Full text in Research Archive
• Garratt, Andrew; Nerheim, Ellen Margrethe; Einvik, Gunnar; Stavem, Knut & Edvardsen, Anne (2022). Evaluation of the Norwegian version of the Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire in patients with COPD. BMJ Open Respiratory Research. ISSN 2052-4439. 9(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001262. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvrebotten, Tarjei; Myhre, Peder Langeland; Grimsmo, Jostein; Mecinaj, Albulena; Trebinjac, Divna & Nossen, Magnus Berger [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Changes in cardiac structure and function from 3 to 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. Clinical Cardiology. ISSN 0160-9289. 45(10), p. 1044–1052. doi: 10.1002/clc.23891. Full text in Research Archive
• Stavem, Knut; Heir, Trond; Dammen, Toril; Brønstad, Eivind; Lerum, Tøri Vigeland & Durheim, Michael Thomas [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). The course and determinants of post-traumatic stress over 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. 13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931349. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: To assess the trajectory of symptoms and symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from 1.5 to 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 and determine risk factors for persistent symptoms and PTSD. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients discharged after hospitalization for COVID-19 before 1 June 2020 in six hospitals in Southern Norway. Symptom-defined PTSD was assessed by the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) at 1.5, 3 and/or 12 months after hospitalization, using DSM-5 criteria. Changes in PCL-5 symptom score and the prevalence of PTSD were analyzed with multivariable mixed models. Results: In total, 388 patients were discharged alive, and 251 (65%) participated. Respondents had a mean (SD) age of 58.4 (14.2) years, and 142 (57%) were males. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 14, 8, and 9% at 1.5, 3, and 12 months, respectively. WHO disease severity for COVID-19 was not associated with PCL-5 scores. Female sex, lower age and non-Norwegian origin were associated with higher PCL-5 scores. The odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) for PTSD was 0.32 (0.12 to 0.83, p = 0.019) at 3 months and 0.38 (0.15 to 0.95, p = 0.039) at 12 months compared to 1.5 months. There was no association between PTSD and WHO severity rating. Conclusions: The level of PTSD symptoms decreased from 1.5 to 3 months after hospitalization, but did not decrease further to 12 months, and there was no association between PTSD symptoms and COVID-19 disease severity.

• Mickelson, Nina; Mellingsæter, Marte; Hegna, Bendik Westlund; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Einvik, Gunnar & Juliebø, Vibeke [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Impact of a dementia-friendly program on detection and management of patients with cognitive impairment and delirium in acute-care hospital units: a controlled clinical trial design. BMC Geriatrics. ISSN 1471-2318. 22(1), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-02949-0. Show summary

  Background Frail older persons with cognitive impairment (CI) are at special risk of experiencing delirium during acute hospitalisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a dementia-friendly hospital program contributes to improved detection and management of patients with CI and risk of delirium at an acute-care hospital in Norway. Furthermore, we aimed to explore whether the program affected the detection of delirium, pharmacological treatment, 30-day re-hospitalisation, 30-day mortality and institutionalisation afterwards. Methods This study was part of a larger quality improvement project aiming at developing and implementing a new program for early screening and management of patients with CI. This study, evaluating the program are designed as a controlled clinical trial with a historical control group. It was conducted at two different medical wards at a large acute-care hospital in Norway from September 2018 to December 2019. A total of 423 acute hospitalised patients 75 years of age or older were included in the study. Delirium screening and cognitive tests were recorded by research staff with the 4 ‘A’s Test (4AT) and the Confusion Assessment Measure (CAM), while demographic and medical information was recorded from the electronic medical records (EMR). Results Implementation of the dementia-friendly hospital program did not show any significant changes in the identification of patients with CI. However, the share of patients screened with 4AT within 24 h increased from 0% to 35.5% (P < .001). The proportion of the patients with CI identified by the clinical staff, who received measures to promote “dementia-friendly” care and reduce the risk for delirium increased by 32.2% (P < .001), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the number of patients with CI who were prescribed antipsychotic, hypnotic or sedative medications was reduced by 24.5% (P < .001). There were no differences in delirium detection, 30-day readmission or 30-day mortality. Conclusions A model for early screening and multifactorial non-pharmacological interventions for patients with CI and delirium may improve management of this patient group, and reduce prescriptions of antipsychotic, hypnotic and sedative medications. The implementation in clinical practice of early screening using quality improvement methodology deserves attention. Trial registration The protocol of this study was retrospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System with the registration number: NCT04737733 and date of registration: 03/02/2021.

• Berven, Lise; Selvakumar, Joel Pradeepkumar; Havdal, Lise Beier; Stiansen-Sonerud, Tonje; Einvik, Gunnar & Leegaard, Truls Michael [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Inflammatory Markers, Pulmonary Function, and Clinical Symptoms in Acute COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13:837288, p. 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837288. Full text in Research Archive
• Sigurdardóttir, Fjóla Dögg; Øverby, Tonje Caroline; Nikkonen, Sami; Karhu, Tuomas; Dammen, Toril & Nordhus, Inger Hilde [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Novel oxygen desaturation parameters are associated with cardiac troponin I: Data from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project. Journal of Sleep Research. ISSN 0962-1105. 31(5). doi: 10.1111/jsr.13581. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Novel diagnostic markers for obstructive sleep apnea beyond the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) have been introduced. There are no studies on their association with markers of subclinical myocardial injury. We assessed the association between novel desaturation parameters and elevated cardiac troponin I and T. Participants with polysomnography (498) from the Akershus Sleep Apnea study were divided into normal and elevated biomarker groups based on sex-specific concentration thresholds (cardiac troponin I: ≥4 ng/L for women, ≥6 ng/L for men; and cardiac troponin T: ≥7 ng/L for women, ≥8 ng/L for men). Severity of obstructive sleep apnea was evaluated with the AHI, oxygen desaturation index, total sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90% (T90), lowest oxygen saturation (Min SpO2%), and novel oxygen desaturation parameters: desaturation duration and desaturation severity. How the AHI and novel desaturation parameters predicted elevated cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T levels was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC). Based on multivariable-adjusted linear regression, the AHI (β = 0.004, p = 0.012), desaturation duration (β = 0.007, p = 0.004), and desaturation severity (β = 0.147, p = 0.002) were associated with cardiac troponin I levels but not cardiac troponin T. T90 was associated with cardiac troponin I (β = 0.006, p = 0.009) and cardiac troponin T (β = 0.005, p = 0.007). The AUC for the AHI 0.592 (standard error 0.043) was not significantly different from the AUC of T90 (SD 0.640, p = 0.08), desaturation duration 0.609 (SD 0.044, p = 0.42) or desaturation severity 0.616 (SD 0.043, p = 0.26) in predicting myocardial injury as assessed by cardiac troponin I. Oxygen desaturation parameters and the AHI were associated with cardiac troponin I levels but not cardiac troponin T levels. Novel oxygen desaturation parameters did not improve the prediction of subclinical myocardial injury compared to the AHI.

• Ingul, Charlotte Ingeborg Björk; Grimsmo, Jostein; Mecinaj, Albulena; Trebinjac, Divna; Nossen, Magnus Berger & Andrup, Simon [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Cardiac Dysfunction and Arrhythmias 3 Months After Hospitalization for COVID-19. Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA). ISSN 2047-9980. 11(3). doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023473. Full text in Research Archive
• Myhre, Peder Langeland; Heck, Siri Lagethon; Skranes, Julia Brox; Prebensen, Christian Haugland; Jonassen, Christine M & Berge, Trygve [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Cardiac pathology 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 and association with the acute disease severity. American Heart Journal. ISSN 0002-8703. 242, p. 61–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.08.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Lerum, Tøri Vigeland; Maltzahn, Niklas; Aukrust, Pål; Trøseid, Marius; Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina & Kåsine, Trine [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). Persistent pulmonary pathology after COVID-19 is associated with high viral load, weak antibody response, and high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 11, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02547-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The association between pulmonary sequelae and markers of disease severity, as well as pro-fibrotic mediators, were studied in 108 patients 3 months after hospital admission for COVID-19. The COPD assessment test (CAT-score), spirometry, diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLCO), and chest-CT were performed at 23 Norwegian hospitals included in the NOR-SOLIDARITY trial, an open-labelled, randomised clinical trial, investigating the efficacy of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Thirty-eight percent had a CAT-score ≥ 10. DLCO was below the lower limit of normal in 29.6%. Ground-glass opacities were present in 39.8% on chest-CT, parenchymal bands were found in 41.7%. At admission, low pO2/FiO2 ratio, ICU treatment, high viral load, and low antibody levels, were predictors of a poorer pulmonary outcome after 3 months. High levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 during hospitalisation and at 3 months were associated with persistent CT-findings. Except for a negative effect of remdesivir on CAT-score, we found no effect of remdesivir or HCQ on long-term pulmonary outcomes. Three months after hospital admission for COVID-19, a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms, reduced DLCO, and persistent CT-findings was observed. Low pO2/FiO2 ratio, ICU-admission, high viral load, low antibody levels, and high levels of MMP-9 were associated with a worse pulmonary outcome.

• Søyseth, Vidar; Kononova, Natalia; Neukamm, Anke; Holmedahl, Nils Henrik; Hagve, Tor-Arne & Omland, Torbjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Systemic inflammation induced by exacerbation of COPD or pneumonia in patients with COPD induces cardiac troponin elevation. BMJ Open Respiratory Research. ISSN 2052-4439. 8(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000997. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjørten, Ingunn; Ankerstjerne, Odd Andre Wathne; Trebinjac, Divna; Brønstad, Eivind; Rasch-Halvorsen, Øystein & Einvik, Gunnar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and limitations 3 months after COVID-19 hospitalisation. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 58(2). doi: 10.1183/13993003.00996-2021. Show summary

  Background This study aimed to describe cardiopulmonary function during exercise 3 months after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and compare groups according to dyspnoea and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Methods Participants with COVID-19 discharged from five large Norwegian hospitals were consecutively invited to a multicentre, prospective cohort study. In total, 156 participants (mean age 56.2 years, 60 females) were examined with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) 3 months after discharge and compared with a reference population. Dyspnoea was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale. Results Peak oxygen uptake (V′O2 peak) <80% predicted was observed in 31% (n=49). Ventilatory efficiency was reduced in 15% (n=24), while breathing reserve <15% was observed in 16% (n=25). Oxygen pulse <80% predicted was found in 18% (n=28). Dyspnoea (mMRC ≥1) was reported by 47% (n=59). These participants had similar V′O2 peak (p=0.10) but lower mean±sd V′O2 peak·kg−1 % predicted compared with participants without dyspnoea (mMRC 0) (76±16% versus 89±18%; p=0.009) due to higher body mass index (p=0.03). For ICU- versus non-ICU-treated participants, mean±sd V′O2 peak % predicted was 82±15% and 90±17% (p=0.004), respectively. Ventilation, breathing reserve and ventilatory efficiency were similar between the ICU and non-ICU groups. Conclusions One-third of participants experienced V′O2 peak <80% predicted 3 months after hospital discharge for COVID-19. Dyspnoeic participants were characterised by lower exercise capacity due to obesity and lower ventilatory efficiency. Ventilation and ventilatory efficiency were similar between ICU- and non-ICU-treated participants.

• Tholin, Birgitte; Ghanima, Waleed Khalid; Einvik, Gunnar; Aarli, Bernt Bøgvald; Brønstad, Eivind & Skjønsberg, Ole Henning [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Incidence of thrombotic complications in hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients after COVID-19 diagnosis. British Journal of Haematology. ISSN 0007-1048. 194(3), p. 542–546. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17522. Full text in Research Archive
• Einvik, Gunnar; Dammen, Toril; Ghanima, Waleed Khalid; Heir, Trond & Stavem, Knut (2021). Prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(4), p. 1–12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042079. Full text in Research Archive
• Stavem, Knut; Ghanima, Waleed Khalid; Olsen, Magnus Kringstad; Gilboe, Hanne M. & Einvik, Gunnar (2021). Prevalence and determinants of fatigue after covid-19 in non-hospitalized subjects: A population-based study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(4), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042030. Full text in Research Archive
• Lerum, Tøri Vigeland; Aaløkken, Trond M; Brønstad, Eivind; Aarli, Bernt Bøgvald; Ikdahl, Eirik & Lund, Kristine Marie Aarberg [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Dyspnoea, lung function and CT findings three months after hospital admission for COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. doi: 10.1183/13993003.03448-2020. Full text in Research Archive
• Stavem, Knut; Ghanima, Waleed Khalid; Olsen, Magnus Kringstad; Gilboe, Hanne Margrethe & Einvik, Gunnar (2020). Persistent symptoms 1.5-6 months after COVID-19 in non-hospitalised subjects: A population-based cohort study. Thorax. ISSN 0040-6376. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216377. Full text in Research Archive
• Kononova, Natalia; Sikkeland, Liv Ingunn Bjoner; Mahmood, Faiza; Vistnes, Maria; Kongerud, Johny & Einvik, Gunnar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Annual decline in forced expiratory volume and airway inflammatory cells and mediators in a general population-based sample. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. ISSN 1471-2466. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12890-018-0765-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Berge, Kristian; Lyngbakken, Magnus; Einvik, Gunnar; Winther, Jacob Andreas; Brynildsen, Jon & Røysland, Ragnhild [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Diagnostic and prognostic properties of procalcitonin in patients with acute dyspnea: Data from the ACE 2 Study. Clinical Biochemistry. ISSN 0009-9120. 59, p. 62–68. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.006.
• Caspersen, Nina Faksvåg; Røsjø, Helge; Flyvbjerg, Allan; Bjerre, Mette; Randby, Anna & Hrubos-Strøm, Harald [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). The association between circulating adiponectin levels, lung function and adiposity in subjects from the general population; data from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. ISSN 1471-2466. 18(54). doi: 10.1186/s12890-018-0618-4.
• Ihle-Hansen, Håkon; Vigen, Thea; Berge, Trygve; Einvik, Gunnar; Aarsland, Dag & Rønning, Ole M. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Montreal Cognitive Assessment in a 63- to 65-year-old Norwegian Cohort from the General Population: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. ISSN 1664-5464. 7(3), p. 318–327. doi: 10.1159/000480496. Full text in Research Archive
• Einvik, Gunnar; Bhatnagar, Rahul; Holmedahl, Nils Henrik; Neukamm, Anke; Omland, Torbjørn & Søyseth, Vidar (2017). Premature Ventricular Complex is More Prevalent During Acute Exacerbated than Stable States of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Is Related to Cardiac Troponin T. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1541-2555. 14(3), p. 318–323. doi: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1298085. Full text in Research Archive
• Omland, Torbjørn; Randby, Anna; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Røsjø, Helge & Einvik, Gunnar (2016). Relation of Erectile Dysfunction to Subclinical Myocardial Injury. American Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0002-9149. 118(12), p. 1821–1825. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.08.070.
• Skranes, Julia Brox; Einvik, Gunnar; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Randby, Anna; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald & Brynildsen, Jon [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and stress are associated with increased frequency of ventricular ectopy: A population-based study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. ISSN 1471-2261. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12872-016-0407-z.
• Neukamm, Anke; Einvik, Gunnar; Høiseth, Arne Didrik; Søyseth, Vidar; Holmedahl, Nils Henrik & Kononova, Natalia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). The prognostic value of measurement of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T for mortality in a cohort of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. ISSN 1471-2466. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12890-016-0319-9.
• Søyseth, Vidar; Henneberger, Paul K; Einvik, Gunnar; Virji, Mohammed Abbas; Bakke, Berit & Kongerud, Johny (2016). Annual decline in forced expiratory volume is steeper in aluminum potroom workers than in workers without exposure to potroom fumes. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. ISSN 0271-3586. 59(4), p. 322–329. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22570. Show summary

  Background: Aluminum potroom exposure is associated with increased mortality of COPD but the association between potroom exposure and annual decline in lung function is unknown. We have measured lung volumes annually using spirometry from 1986 to 1996. The objective was to compare annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (dFEV1) and forced vital capacity (dFVC). Methods: The number of aluminum potroom workers was 4,546 (81% males) and the number of workers in the reference group was 651 (76% males). The number of spirometries in the index group and the references were 24,060 and 2,243, respectively. Results: After adjustment for confounders, the difference in dFEV1 and dFVC between the index and reference groups were 13.5 (P < 0.001) and −8.0 (P = 0.060) ml/year. Conclusion: Aluminum potroom operators have increased annual decline in FEV1 relative to a comparable group with non‐exposure to potroom fumes and gases.

• Einvik, Gunnar; Dammen, Toril; Høiseth, Arne Didrik; Brynildsen, Jon; Hagve, Tor-Arne & Christensen, Geir Arve [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Psychological distress and mortality in patients with acute dyspnea: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 2 Study. General Hospital Psychiatry. ISSN 0163-8343. 37(6), p. 548–553. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.07.007.
• Neukamm, Anke; Høiseth, Arne Didrik; Einvik, Gunnar; Lehmann, Sverre; Hagve, Tor-Arne & Søyseth, Vidar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Rosuvastatin treatment in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RODEO): a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 278(1), p. 59–67. doi: 10.1111/joim.12337.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Dammen, Toril; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Randby, Anna & Kristiansen, Håvard Anton [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2014). Type D personality is associated with increased prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias in community-residing persons without coronary heart disease. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC). ISSN 2047-4873. 21(5), p. 592–600. doi: 10.1177/2047487312462800.
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Thommessen, Bente; Einvik, Gunnar; Brekke, Pål Haugar; Omland, Torbjørn & Rønning, Ole M. (2014). Determinants of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T elevation in acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurology. ISSN 1471-2377. 14(1). doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-96.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Røsjø, Helge; Randby, Anna; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald & Brynildsen, Jon [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Severity of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with cardiac troponin I concentrations in a community-based sample: Data from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 37(6), p. 1111–1116. doi: 10.5665/sleep.3772.
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Thommessen, Bente; Einvik, Gunnar; Omland, Torbjørn & Rønning, Ole M. (2014). Prognostic Value of High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. ISSN 1052-3057. 23(2), p. 241–248. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.01.005.
• Randby, Anna; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Einvik, Gunnar; Somers, Virend K. & Omland, Torbjørn (2013). Sex-Dependent Impact of OSA on Digital Vascular Function. Chest. ISSN 0012-3692. 144(3), p. 915–922. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2283.
• Søyseth, Vidar; Bhatnagar, Rahul; Holmedahl, Nils Henrik; Neukamm, Anke; Høiseth, Arne Didrik & Hagve, Tor-Arne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Acute exacerbation of COPD is associated with fourfold elevation of cardiac troponin T. Heart. ISSN 1355-6037. 99(2), p. 122–126. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302685.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Flyvbjerg, Allan; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Randby, Anna; Frystyk, Jan & Mette, Bjerre [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2013). Novel cardiovascular risk markers in depression: No association between depressive symptoms and osteoprotegerin or adiponectin in persons at high risk for sleep apnea. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 145(3), p. 400–404. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.065.
• Randby, Anna; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Einvik, Gunnar; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Hagve, Tor-Arne & Somers, Virend K. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Increased High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Levels. Chest. ISSN 0012-3692. 142(3), p. 639–646. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-1779.
• Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Einvik, Gunnar; Nordhus, Inger Hilde; Randby, Anna; Pallesen, Ståle & Moum, Torbjørn Åge [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). Sleep apnoea, anxiety, depression and somatoform pain: a community-based high-risk sample. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 40(2), p. 400–407. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00111411.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Vistnes, Maria; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Randby, Anna; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka & Nordhus, Inger Hilde [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2012). Circulating cytokine concentrations are not associated with major depressive disorder in a community-based cohort. General Hospital Psychiatry. ISSN 0163-8343. 34(3), p. 262–267. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.01.017.
• Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Nordhus, Inger Hilde; Einvik, Gunnar; Randby, Anna; Omland, Torbjørn & Sundet, Kjetil Søren [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). Obstructive sleep apnea, verbal memory, and executive function in a community-based high-risk population identified by the Berlin Questionnaire Akershus Sleep Apnea Project. Sleep and Breathing. ISSN 1520-9512. 16(1), p. 223–231. doi: 10.1007/s11325-011-0493-1.
• Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Randby, Anna; Einvik, Gunnar; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Somers, VK & Røsjø, Helge [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Cardiac Arrhythmias in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (from the Akershus Sleep Apnea Project). American Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0002-9149. 108(8), p. 1141–1146. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.016.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Randby, Anna; Nordhus, Inger Hilde; Somers, Virend K. & Omland, Torbjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and cardiac biomarkers in subjects at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Psychosomatic Medicine. ISSN 0033-3174. 73(5), p. 378–384. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e318219e64e.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Dammen, Toril; Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Randby, Anna & Kristiansen, Håvard Anton [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2011). Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and concentration of C-reactive protein in Type D personality persons without cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. ISSN 1741-8267. 18(3), p. 504–509. doi: 10.1177/1741826710389383.
• Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Randby, Anna; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Kristiansen, Håvard Anton; Einvik, Gunnar & Saltyte-Benth, Jurate [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2011). A Norwegian population-based study on the risk and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Sleep Research. ISSN 0962-1105. 20(1), p. 162–170. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00861.x.
• Hrubos-Strøm, Harald; Randby, Anna; Namtvedt, Silje Kjeka; Kristiansen, Håvard Anton; Einvik, Gunnar & Saltyte-Benth, Jurate [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2010). A Norwegian population-based study on the risk and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Sleep Research. ISSN 0962-1105. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00861.x.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Klemsdal, Tor Ole; Sandvik, Leiv & Hjerkinn, Elsa M. (2010). A randomized clinical trial on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and all-cause mortality in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. ISSN 1741-8267. 17(5), p. 588–592. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328339cc70.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Dammen, Toril & Omland, Torbjørn (2010). Depresjon og kardiovaskulær sykdom - er det en sammenheng? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 130(7), p. 729–732.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Ekeberg, Øivind; Lavik, JG; Ellingsen, Ingrid; Klemsdal, Tor Ole & Hjerkinn, Elsa M. (2010). The influence of long-term awareness of hyperlipidemia and of 3 years of dietary counseling on depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. ISSN 0022-3999. 68(6), p. 567–572. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.11.004.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Ekeberg, Øivind; Klemsdal, Tor Ole; Sandvik, Leiv; Lavik, Jørgen & Hjerkinn, Elsa M. (2009). Physical distress is associated with cardiovascular events in a high risk population of elderly men. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. ISSN 1471-2261. 9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-9-14.

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• Munkhaugen, John; Papageorgiou, Constantinos; Hagen, Roger; Johnson, Sverre Urnes; Einvik, Gunnar & Dammen, Toril (2023). Editorial: Progress in understanding and treating distress, sleep, and personality in heart and lung disease. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1323677.
• Garratt, Andrew Malcolm; Ghanima, Waleed Khalid; Einvik, Gunnar & Stavem, Knut (2021). Quality of life after COVID-19 without hospitalisation: Good overall, but reduced in some dimensions. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 82(5), p. 186–188. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.002.
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Einvik, Gunnar; Brekke, Pål Haugar & Omland, Torbjørn (2018). Cardiac Troponin T Increase in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke with and without Cancer. Clinical Chemistry. ISSN 0009-9147. 64(2), p. 404–406. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.280016.
• Hrubos-Strøm, Harald & Einvik, Gunnar (2015). Nye helsekrav til førerkort – medisin med tvilsom effekt. Dagens medisin. ISSN 1501-4290.
• Neukamm, Anke; Høiseth, Arne Didrik; Einvik, Gunnar; Hagve, Tor-Arne; Lehmann, Sverre & Søyseth, Vidar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Effect Of Rosuvastatin Treatment In Stable COPD (RODEO) .
• Neukamm, Anke; Holmedahl, Nils Henrik; Einvik, Gunnar; Hagve, Tor-Arne; Somers, Virend K. & Søyseth, Vidar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Cardiac troponin T levels increase overnight in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .
• Einvik, Gunnar; Dammen, Toril; Høiseth, Arne Didrik; Brynildsen, Jon; Hagve, Tor-Arne & Christensen, Geir Arve [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Anxiety is prevalent among patients hospitalized with acute dyspnea and independently associated with long-term mortality: data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 2 study. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 34, p. 949–949.
• Hrubos-Strøm, H; Nordhus, IH; Einvik, Gunnar; Dammen, Toril & Hrubos-Strom, H (2012). Weak associations between insomnia, daytime sleepiness and measures of obstructive sleep apnoea severity were strengthened after adjustment for age, gender and depression in a Norwegian, community-based sample. Journal of Sleep Research. ISSN 0962-1105. 21, p. 292–292.
• Einvik, Gunnar; Omland, Torbjørn & Dammen, Toril (2012). Biological markers and cardiovascular risk factors in relation to Type D personality, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. Akademika forlag. ISSN 978-82-8264-483-9. 2012(1420).

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