Harald Petter Breivik

• Janerås, Lars; Breivik, Harald Petter; LUNDELAND, BÅRD; Ringstad, Geir & Stubhaug, Audun (2024). Long-term intrathecal infusion of low-dose morphine effectively relieves symptoms of severe restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease without inducing opioid tolerance. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 162(12), p. 2693–2697. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003311. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald; Norum, Hilde Margrethe; Fenger-Eriksen, Christian; Alahuhta, Seppo; Vigfússon, Gísli & Thomas, Owen Matthew Truscott [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Reducing risk of spinal haematoma from spinal and epidural pain procedures. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 18(2), p. 129–150. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0041. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims: Central neuraxial blocks (CNB: epidural, spinal and their combinations) and other spinal pain procedures can cause serious harm to the spinal cord in patients on antihaemostatic drugs or who have other risk-factors for bleeding in the spinal canal. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a practise advisory on how to reduce risk of spinal cord injury from spinal haematoma (SH) during CNBs and other spinal pain procedures. Scandinavian guidelines from 2010 are part of the background for this practise advisory. Methods: We searched recent guidelines, PubMed (MEDLINE), SCOPUS and EMBASE for new and relevant randomised controlled trials (RCT), case-reports and original articles concerning benefits of neuraxial blocks, risks of SH due to anti-haemostatic drugs, patient-related risk factors, especially renal impairment with delayed excretion of antihaemostatic drugs, and specific risk factors related to the neuraxial pain procedures. Results and recommendations: Epidural and spinal analgesic techniques, as well as their combination provide superior analgesia and reduce the risk of postoperative and obstetric morbidity and mortality. Spinal pain procedure can be highly effective for cancer patients, less so for chronic non-cancer patients. We did not identify any RCT with SH as outcome. We evaluated risks and recommend precautions for SH when patients are treated with antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or fibrinolytic drugs, when patients’ comorbidities may increase risks, and when procedure-specific risk factors are present. Inserting and withdrawing epidural catheters appear to have similar risks for initiating a SH. Invasive neuraxial pain procedures, e.g. spinal cord stimulation, have higher risks of bleeding than traditional neuraxial blocks. We recommend robust monitoring routines and treatment protocol to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment of SH should this rare but potentially serious complication occur. Conclusions: When neuraxial analgesia is considered for a patient on anti-haemostatic medication, with patient-related, or procedure-related risk factors, the balance of benefits against risks of bleeding is decisive; when CNB are offered exclusively to patients who will have a reduction of postoperative morbidity and mortality, then a higher risk of bleeding may be accepted. Robust routines should ensure appropriate discontinuation of anti-haemostatic drugs and early detection and treatment of SH. Implications: There is an on-going development of drugs for prevention of thromboembolic events following surgery and childbirth. The present practise advisory provides up-to-date knowledge and experts’ experiences so that patients who will greatly benefit from neuraxial pain procedures and have increased risk of bleeding can safely benefit from these procedures. There are always individual factors for the clinician to evaluate and consider. Increasingly it is necessary for the anaesthesia and analgesia provider to collaborate with specialists in haemostasis. Surgeons and obstetricians must be equally well prepared to collaborate for the best outcome for their patients suffering from acute or chronic pain. Optimal pain management is a prerequisite for enhanced recovery after surgery, but there is a multitude of additional concerns, such as early mobilisation, early oral feeding and ileus prevention that surgeons and anaesthesia providers need to optimise for the best outcome and least risk of complications.

• Breivik, Harald (2018). Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine A-Z, 6th Edition. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(1), p. 1–1. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-2004. Full text in Research Archive
• Müller-Lissner, Stefan; Bassotti, Gabrio; Coffin, Benoit; Drewes, Asbjørn Mohr; Breivik, Harald & Eisenberg, Elon [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Opioid-induced constipation and bowel dysfunction: A clinical guideline. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.). ISSN 1526-2375. 18(10), p. 1837–1863. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnw255. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Helene Nordahl; Olsson, Urban; From, Jesper & Breivik, Harald (2016). Opioid-induced constipation, use of laxatives, and health-related quality of life. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 11, p. 104–110. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.12.007. Full text in Research Archive
• Lind, Bjørn; Breivik, Harald & Kvåle, Reidar (2016). Ellen Lindbæk 100 år. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. Full text in Research Archive
• Drewes, Asbjørn Mohr; Munkholm, Pia; Simrén, Magnus; Breivik, Harald; Kongsgaard, Ulf & Hatlebakk, Jan Gunnar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Definition, diagnosis and treatment strategies for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction-Recommendations of the Nordic Working Group. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 11, p. 111–122. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.12.005. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) is an increasing problem due to the common use of opioids for pain worldwide. It manifests with different symptoms, such as dry mouth, gastro-oesophageal reflux, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, anorexia, hard stools, constipation and incomplete evacuation. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is one of its many symptoms and probably the most prevalent. The current review describes the pathophysiology, clinical implications and treatment of OIBD. Methods The Nordic Working Group was formed to provide input for Scandinavian specialists in multiple, relevant areas. Seven main topics with associated statements were defined. The working plan provided a structured format for systematic reviews and included instructions on how to evaluate the level of evidence according to the GRADE guidelines. The quality of evidence supporting the different statements was rated as high, moderate or low. At a second meeting, the group discussed and voted on each section with recommendations (weak and strong) for the statements. Results The literature review supported the fact that opioid receptors are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. When blocked by exogenous opioids, there are changes in motility, secretion and absorption of fluids, and sphincter function that are reflected in clinical symptoms. The group supported a recent consensus statement for OIC, which takes into account the change in bowel habits for at least one week rather than focusing on the frequency of bowel movements. Many patients with pain receive opioid therapy and concomitant constipation is associated with increased morbidity and utilization of healthcare resources. Opioid treatment for acute postoperative pain will prolong the postoperative ileus and should also be considered in this context. There are no available tools to assess OIBD, but many rating scales have been developed to assess constipation, and a few specifically address OIC. A clinical treatment strategy for OIBD/OIC was proposed and presented in a flowchart. First-line treatment of OIC is conventional laxatives, lifestyle changes, tapering the opioid dosage and alternative analgesics. Whilst opioid rotation may also improve symptoms, these remain unalleviated in a substantial proportion of patients. Should conventional treatment fail, mechanism-based treatment with opioid antagonists should be considered, and they show advantages over laxatives. It should not be overlooked that many reasons for constipation other than OIBD exist, which should be taken into consideration in the individual patient. Conclusion and implications It is the belief of this Nordic Working Group that increased awareness of adverse effects and OIBD, particularly OIC, will lead to better pain treatment in patients on opioid therapy. Subsequently, optimised therapy will improve quality of life and, from a socio-economic perspective, may also reduce costs associated with hospitalisation, sick leave and early retirement in these patients.

• Breivik, Harald (2015). Tapering and discontinuation of methadone for chronic pain. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 1536-0288. 29(2), p. 185–186. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2015.1037524. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2015). Treat the whole patient and be aware of drug interactions. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 1536-0288. 29(1), p. 70–71. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2014.1003681. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2015). Herpes zoster immunization in older adults has big benefits. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 1536-0288. 29(2), p. 187–188. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2015.1037525. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2015). Herpes zoster immunization in older adults has big benefits. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 1536-0288. 29(3), p. 305–306. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2015.1065942. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2014). Cervicobrachialgia after spinal surgery. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 1536-0288. 28(4), p. 404–405. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2014.972005. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2014). Pain management discussion forum: Serious interaction among frequently used drugs for chronic pain. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 1536-0288. 28(2), p. 170–171. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2014.911798. Full text in Research Archive
• Sauter, Axel Rudolf & Breivik, Harald (2014). Subacute pain after total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 1536-0288. 28(2), p. 164–166. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2014.911797. Full text in Research Archive
• Pedersen, Line; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Breivik, Harald & Fredheim, Olav Magnus (2014). A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy comparison of short- and long-acting dihydrocodeine in chronic non-malignant pain. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 155(5), p. 881–888. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.016. Full text in Research Archive
• Brustugun, Jørgen; Troland, Siren & Breivik, Harald (2013). The stability of a sulphite-free epidural analgesic solution containing fentanyl, bupivacaine, and adrenaline. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 57(10), p. 1321–1327. doi: 10.1111/aas.12206. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald; Eisenberg, Elon & O'Brien, T.A. (2013). The individual and societal burden of chronic pain in Europe: the case for strategic prioritisation and action to improve knowledge and availability of appropriate care. BMC Public Health. 13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1229. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Chronic pain is common in Europe and elsewhere and its under treatment confers a substantial burden on individuals, employers, healthcare systems and society in general. Indeed, the personal and socioeconomic impact of chronic pain is as great as, or greater, than that of other established healthcare priorities. In light of review of recently published data confirming its clinical and socioeconomic impact, this paper argues that chronic pain should be ranked alongside other conditions of established priority in Europe. We outline strategies to help overcome barriers to effective pain care resulting in particular from deficiencies in education and access to interdisciplinary pain management services. We also address the confusion that exists between proper clinical and scientific uses of opioid medications and their potential for misuse and diversion, as reflected in international variations in the access to, and availability of, these agents. Discussion As the economic costs are driven in part by the costs of lost productivity, absenteeism and early retirement, pain management should aim to fully rehabilitate patients, rather than merely to relieve pain. Accredited education of physicians and allied health professionals regarding state-of-the-art pain management is crucial. Some progress has been made in this area, but further provision and incentivization is required. We support a tiered approach to pain management, whereby patients with pain uncontrolled by non-specialists are able to consult a physician with a pain competency or a specialist in pain medicine, who in turn can recruit the services of other professionals on a case-by-case basis. A fully integrated interdisciplinary pain service should ideally be available to patients with refractory pain. Governments and healthcare systems should ensure that their policies on controlled medications are balanced, safeguarding public health without undue restrictions that compromise patient care, and that physician education programmes support these aims. Summary Strategic prioritization and co-ordinated actions are required nationally and internationally to address the unacceptable and unnecessary burden of uncontrolled chronic pain that plagues European communities and economies. An appreciation of the ‘return on investment’ in pain management services will require policymakers to adopt a long-term, cross-budgetary approach.

• Kjelstrup, Trygve; Courivaud, Fredric A A; Klaastad, Øivind; Breivik, Harald & Hol, Per Kristian (2012). High-resolution MRI demonstrates detailed anatomy of the axillary brachial plexus. A pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 56(7), p. 914–919. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02703.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald; Bang, U; Jalonen, J; Vigfusson, G; Alahuhta, S & Lagerkranser, M (2010). Nordic guidelines for neuraxial blocks in disturbed haemostasis from the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 54(1), p. 16–41. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02089.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus S; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald & Borchgrevink, Petter C (2010). Increasing use of opioids from 2004 to 2007-Pharmacoepidemiological data from a complete national prescription database in Norway. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 14(3), p. 289–294. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.05.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald; Ljoså, Tone Marte; Steengard-Pedersen, K; Persson, J; Aro, H & Villumsen, J [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). A 6-months, randomised, placebo-controlled evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of a low-dose 7-day buprenorphine transdermal patch in osteoarthritis patients naïve to potent opioids. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 1(3), p. 122–141. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald & Norum, Hilde Margrethe (2010). Regionalanalgesi - fordeler og ulemper. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 130(4), p. 392–397. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0220. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, OM; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Moroz, A; Breivik, H & Borchgrevink, PC (2009). Prescription pattern of codeine for non-malignant pain: a pharmacoepidemiological study from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 53(5), p. 627–633. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01910.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald; Cherny, NI; Collett, B; Conno, F de; Filbet, M & Foubert, AJ [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2009). Cancer-related pain: a pan-European survey of prevalence, treatment, and patient attitudes. Annals of Oncology. ISSN 0923-7534. 20(8), p. 1420–1433. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp001. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Breivik, Harald & Ødegaard, Raida (2009). Lengevirkende versus langtidsvirkende. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129, p. 547–547. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvarstein, Gunnvald; Måwe, Leif; Indahl, A; Hol, Per Kristian; Tennøe, Bjørn & Digernes, R [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2009). A randomized double-blind controlled trial of intra-annular radiofrequency thermal disc therapy - A 12-month follow-up. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 145(3), p. 279–286. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.05.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Campbell, WI & Breivik, Harald (2008). Introduction to interventional procedures. In Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (Ed.), Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISSN 9780340940068. p. 243–245. Full text in Research Archive
• Stubhaug, Audun & Breivik, Harald (2008). Clinical trials: acute and chronic pain. In Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (Ed.), Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISSN 9780340940068. p. 514–528. Full text in Research Archive
• Counsell, D; Macintyre, PE & Breivik, Harald (2008). Organization and role of acute pain services. In Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (Ed.), Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISSN 9780340940068. p. 579–603. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald & Cousins, Michael J. (2008). Sympathetic Neural Blockade of Upper and Lower Extremity. In Cousins, Michael J.; Carr, DB; Bridenbaugh, P.O. & Horlocker, TT (Ed.), Cousins and Bridenbaugh's Neural Blockade: In Clinical Anesthesia and Management of Pain. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISSN 9780781773881. p. 848–885. Full text in Research Archive
• Romundstad, Luis Georg; Breivik, Harald & Stubhaug, Audun (2008). Les corticoides dimïnuent-ils la douleur et les nausées-vomissements postopératoires? Le Praticien en Anesthésie Réanimation. ISSN 1279-7960. 12(3), p. 154–157. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2008). Epidural analgesia for acute pain after surgery and during labor, including patient-controlled epidural analgesia. In Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (Ed.), Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISSN 9780340940068. p. 311–321. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2008). Sympathetic blocks. In Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (Ed.), Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISSN 9780340940068. p. 322–336. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2008). Treatment protocols for opioids in chronic non-malignant pain. In Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (Ed.), Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISSN 9780340940068. p. 109–120. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald & Rice, Andrew (2008). Antiepileptics, antidepressants,and local anesthetic drugs. In Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (Ed.), Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISSN 9780340940068. p. 134–142. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Breivik, Harald (2008). Nye begreper knyttet til opioidbehandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 128, p. 2626–2626. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, H; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Allen, SM; Rosseland, LA; Romundstad, L & Hals, EKB [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2008). Assessment of pain. British Journal of Anaesthesia. ISSN 0007-0912. 101(1), p. 17–24. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen103. Full text in Research Archive
• Hestenes, Siv; Høymork, Siv Cathrine; Løland, Beate Fossum; Nylander, Gro; Breivik, Harald & Rosseland, Leiv Arne (2008). Må keisersnittspasienter velge mellom smertebehandling og amming? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 128(19), p. 2190–2192. Full text in Research Archive
• Hamunen, K; Laitinen-Parkkonen, P; Paakkari, P; Breivik, Harald; Gordh, T & Jensen, NH [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). What do different databases tell about the use of opioids in seven European countries in 2002? European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 12, p. 705–715. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.10.012. Full text in Research Archive
• Brosstad, Frank; Abildgaard, Ulrich; Breivik, Harald & Sellevold, Olav F Münter (2007). Marevan og blodplatehemmere ved kirurgi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Innlegget er trykket som supplement til Tidsskriftet og er retningslinjer for kombinasjonen antikoagulerende behandling og kirurgi. Det er en rekke medforfattere, spesielt hematologer, kirurger og anestesiologer hvorav OFMS er en.

• Stubhaug, Audun; Romundstad, Luis Georg; Kaasa, Torill & Breivik, Harald (2007). Methylprednisolone and ketorolac rapidly reduce hyperalgesia around a skin burn injury and increase pressure pain thresholds. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 51, p. 1138–1146. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01415.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald; Collett, B; Ventafridda, V; Cohen, R & Gallacher, D (2006). Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 10, p. 287–333. Full text in Research Archive
• Romundstad, Luis Georg; Breivik, Harald; Roald, H; Skolleborg, K; Haugen, T & Narum, J [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2006). Methylprednisolone reduces pain, emesis, and fatigue after breast augmentation surgery: A single-dose, randomized, parallel-group study with methylprednisolone 125 mg, parecoxib 40 mg, and placebo. Anesthesia and Analgesia. ISSN 0003-2999. 102, p. 418–425. Full text in Research Archive
• Romundstad, Luis*; Breivik, Harald; Roald, Helge M.; Skolleborg, Knut Chr.; Romundstad, Pål Richard & Stubhaug, Audun (2006). Chronic pain and sensory changes after augmentation mammoplasty: Long term effects of preincisional administration of methylprednisolone. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 124, p. 92–99. Full text in Research Archive
• Romundstad, Luis Georg; Stubhaug, Audun; Niemi, Geir; Rosseland, Leiv Arne & Breivik, Harald (2006). Adding propacetamol to ketorolac increases the tolerance to painful pressure. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 10. Full text in Research Archive
• Bentsen, Gunnar; Breivik, Harald; Lundar, Tryggve & Stubhaug, Audun (2006). Hypertonic saline (7.2%) in 6% hydroxyethyl starch reduces intracranial pressure and improves hemodynamics in a placebo-controlled study involving stable patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 0090-3493. 34(12), p. 2912–2917. Full text in Research Archive
• Støen, Randi; Breivik, Harald; Grimstad, Jens; Sellevold, Olav F Münter; Stenseth, Roar & Brostad, Frank (2006). Sentrale blokader til pasienter med økt blødningsrisiko Forslag til retningslinjer for norsk anestesiologisk forening. NAForum. ISSN 0802-5088. 19(3), p. 14–16. Full text in Research Archive
• Romundstad, Luis Georg; Breivik, Harald & Stubhaug, Audun (2005). Glukokortikoider reduserer akutte postoperative smerter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 125(18), p. 2507–2508. Full text in Research Archive
• Svendsen, Kristina B; Andersen, Steen; Arnason, Sigurdur; Arnér, Staffan; Breivik, Harald & Heiskanen, Tarja [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2005). Breakthrough pain in malignant and non-malignant diseases: a review of prevalence, characteristics and mechanisms. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 9(2), p. 195–206. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.06.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2005). The future role of the anaesthesiologist in pain management. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 49. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Bentsen, Gunnar; Hopp, Einar; Refsum, Sigvald & Breivik, Harald (2005). Monitoring urinary bladder volume and detecting post-operative urinary retention in children with an ultrasound scanner. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 49(10), p. 1456–1459. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald; Grimstad, Jens; Støen, Randi; Sellevold, Olav F Münter & Stenseth, Roar (2005). Råd til anestesileger ved sentrale og dype perifere blokader til pasienter med mulig eller sikker øket blødningsrisiko og ved tromboseprofylakse. NAForum. ISSN 0802-5088. 18(1), p. 7–10. Full text in Research Archive
• Kongsgaard, Ulf; Bell, Rae Francis & Breivik, Harald (2005). Smertelindring ved stoffmisbruk eller langvarig opioidbehandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 125(20), p. 2808–2810. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosseland, Leiv Arne; Bentsen, Gunnar; Hopp, Einar; Refsum, Sigvald & Breivik, Harald (2005). Monitoring urinary bladder volume and detecting post-operative urinary retention in children with an ultrasound scanner. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 49(10), p. 1456–1459. Full text in Research Archive
• Klaastad, Øivind; Smith, Hans-Jørgen; Smedby, Örjan; Winther-Larssen, Eldrid Hugaas; Brodal, Per Alf & Breivik, Harald [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). A novel infraclavicular brachial plexus block: The lateral and sagittal technique, developed by magnetic resonance imaging studies. Anesthesia and Analgesia. ISSN 0003-2999. 98, p. 252–256. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2004). Behandling av akutt og kronisk smerte. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 124(16), p. 2078–2078. Full text in Research Archive

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• Campbell, WI; Nickolas, MK; Breivik, Harald; Newton-John, Toby & Rice, Andrew (2008). Clinical Pain Management Series: Practice and Procedures (2.ed). Hodder Education. ISBN 9780340940068. 720 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Breivik, Harald (2021). Emmanuel Bäckryd and Mads U. Werner: Långvarig smärta - SMÄRTMEDICIN VOL. 2. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 21(4), p. 847–848. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0142. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2020). Akut och cancerrelaterad smärta - Smärtmedicin Vol. 1. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 20(2), p. 423–423. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-2022. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2019). Neuropathic Pain: A Case-Based Approach to Practical Management. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(4), p. 859–859. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-2016. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2019). Smerteboken - fra vondt til bedre. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(4), p. 855–855. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-2014. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2019). Smerter. Baggrund, evidens og behandling. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(4), p. 857–857. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-2015. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2019). Perioperative pain management for orthopedic and spine surgery. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(4), p. 861–861. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-2017. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2018). Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3rd Edition. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(1), p. 1–1. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-2003. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2018). Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes, 4th Edition. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(1), p. 1–1. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-2002. Full text in Research Archive
• Kontinen, Vesa & Breivik, Harald (2018). The Yaksh-model of intrathecal opioid-studies: Still exciting four decades later. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 19(1), p. 3–4. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-2006. Full text in Research Archive
• Stubhaug, Audun & Breivik, Harald (2016). A Endocrinopathies in women during opioid therapy cause loss of androgens, fatigue, listlessness, loss of libido and quality of life: stop prescribing opioids or follow the 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines? Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 158(1), p. 1–3. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000745. Full text in Research Archive
• Stubhaug, Audun; Jensen, TS & Breivik, Harald (2016). Important development: Extended Acute Pain Service for patients at high risk of chronic pain after surgery. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald & Stubhaug, Audun (2016). Importance of early diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS-1 and C RPS-2): Delayed diagnosis of CRPS is a major problem. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. Full text in Research Archive
• Reme, Silje & Breivik, Harald (2016). Social anxiety and pain-related fear impact each other and aggravate the burden of chronic pain patients: More individually tailored rehabilitation need. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 12, p. 98–99. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.05.033. Full text in Research Archive
• Stubhaug, Audun & Breivik, Harald (2016). Chronic compartment syndrome is an under-recognized cause of leg-pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. ISSN 1877-8860. 12, p. 53–54. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.04.007. Full text in Research Archive
• Granan, Lars-Petter; Jacobsen, Henrik Børsting; Reme, Silje; Stubhaug, Audun; Hansson, Per & Breivik, Harald [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Tverrfaglig utdanning for bedre smertebehandling. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0498. Full text in Research Archive
• Granan, Lars-Petter; Jacobsen, Henrik Børsting; Reme, Silje; Stubhaug, Audun; Hansson, Per & Breivik, Harald [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Tverrfaglig utdanning for bedre smertebehandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 135(12/13), p. 1114–1115. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0498. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald Petter & Stubhaug, Audun (2014). Burden of disease is often aggravated by opioid treatment of chronic pain patients: Etiology and prevention. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 155(12), p. 2441–2443. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.011. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald & Norum, Hilde Margrethe (2013). Risks of serious complications after neuraxial blocks: apparent decrease due to guidelines for safe practice? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 57(5), p. 541–544. doi: 10.1111/aas.12121. Full text in Research Archive
• Niemi, Geir & Breivik, Harald (2013). Thoracic epidural fentanyl has spinal cord analgesic effects. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 57(9), p. 1089–1091. doi: 10.1111/aas.12146. Full text in Research Archive
• Norum, Hilde Margrethe & Breivik, Harald (2013). Published evidence from randomised trials indicates that pain after thoracotomy is more effectively relieved by thoracic epidural analgesia than by paravertebral blocks. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. ISSN 0265-0215. 30(5), p. 261–261. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32835f9935. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald Petter & Stubhaug, Audun (2013). Haltende nyordning for smertepasienter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 133(2), p. 130–130. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.1430. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2012). A major challenge for a generous welfare system: A heavy socio-economic burden of chronic pain conditions in Sweden - and how to meet this challenge. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 16(2), p. 167–169. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00025.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Romundstad, Luis Georg & Breivik, Harald (2012). Accelerated recovery programmes should complement, not replace, the acute pain services. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 56(6), p. 672–674. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02694.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Norum, Hilde Margrethe & Breivik, Harald (2011). Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade and Thoracic Epidural Analgesia: Two Extremes of a Continuum. Anesthesia and Analgesia. ISSN 0003-2999. 112(4), p. 990–990. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318209e130. Full text in Research Archive
• Norum, Hilde Margrethe & Breivik, Harald (2011). Learning from the past for the present: paravertebral blocks for thoracic surgery are not without risk. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. ISSN 0265-0215. 28(7), p. 544–545. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328344d953. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvarstein, Gunnvald; Måwe, Leif; Indahl, A; Hol, Per Kristian; Tennøe, Bjørn & Digernes, R [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2010). Placebo control - Still the most ethical study design. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 148(1), p. 174–175. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.013. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Cancer patients acount for only 3% of patients receiving opioids in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). A revision of EAPC and WHO three step analgesic ladder may be needed. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2010). Merits of publishing a negative and prematurely ended study on intrathecal methylprednisolone for severe and longstanding complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS-I). European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 14(5), p. 453–455. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.02.005. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). A revision of EAPC and WHO three step analgesic ladder may be needed. Palliative Medicine. ISSN 0269-2163. 24(4), p. 119–119. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Breivik, Harald; Svendsen, Kristian; Kaasa, Stein & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2010). Cancer patients acount for only 3% of patients receiving opioids in Norway. Palliative Medicine. ISSN 0269-2163. 24(4), p. 157–157. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. & Breivik, Harald (2009). Olav Magnus S. Fredheim og medarbeidere svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129, p. 904–905. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald & Stubhaug, Audun (2008). Management of acute postoperative pain: Still a long way to go! Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 137, p. 233–234. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Landmark, Tormod; Schjødt, Borrik & Breivik, Harald (2008). Et nytt skjema for kartlegging av smerter. 128(18), p. 2082–2084. Full text in Research Archive
• Kongsgaard, Ulf; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Breivik, Harald (2008). Eldre trenger bedre smertebehandling. 128(5), p. 590–591. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredheim, Olav Magnus; Borchgrevink, Petter; Landmark, Tormod; Schjødt, Borrik & Breivik, Harald (2008). Et nytt skjema for kartlegging av smerter. 128(18), p. 2082–2084. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald & Borchgrevink, Petter Chr. (2007). Om smertebehandling i Norge. Intervju i Dagsrevyen. [TV]. NRK1. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivik, Harald (2006). Stable long-term opioid medication per se does not always cause loss of driving ability: the doctor and patient must consider additional risk factors for unsafe driving. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 50. Full text in Research Archive
• Bentsen, Gunnar; Breivik, Harald; Lundar, Tryggve & Stubhaug, Audun (2006). Effects of 7.2% versus 0.9% saline in patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intensive Care Medicine. ISSN 0342-4642. 32, p. S281–S281. Full text in Research Archive
• Bentsen, Gunnar; Breivik, Harald; Lundar, Tryggve & Stubhaug, Audun (2006). Effects of 7.2% versus 0.9% saline in patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Full text in Research Archive
• Bentsen, Gunnar; Breivik, Harald; Lundar, Tryggve & Stubhaug, Audun (2006). Hypertont saltvann til pasienter med subaraknoidal blødning – en placebokontrollert klinisk studie. Full text in Research Archive
• Bell, RF; Bergheim, BE; Borchgrevink, Petter Chr.; Breivik, H; Hammer, HB & Hansen, ÅN [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2008). Terapianbefaling: Bruk av opioider ved behandling av langvarige non-maligne smertetilstander. Statens legemiddelverk. Full text in Research Archive
• Bond, M; Mourin, MA; Barros, N; Breivik, Harald; Carr, E & Chaudakshetrin, P [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2007). Education and training for pain management in developing countries. A report by the The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Developing Countries Task Force. The International Association for the Study of Pain. Full text in Research Archive

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