Ingrid Agartz

• Tesli, Natalia; Bell, Christina; Hjell, Gabriela; Fischer-Vieler, Thomas; Maximov, Ivan & Richard, Geneviève [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). The age of violence: Mapping brain age in psychosis and psychopathy. NeuroImage: Clinical. ISSN 2213-1582. 36. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103181.
• Nerland, Stener; Stokkan, Therese Sørheim; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Wortinger, Laura Anne ; Richard, Geneviève & Beck, Dani [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). A comparison of intracranial volume estimation methods and their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with age. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25978.
• van der Meer, Dennis; Shadrin, Alexey; O'Connell, Kevin Sean; Bettella, Francesco; Djurovic, Srdjan & Wolfers, Thomas [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2022). Boosting Schizophrenia Genetics by Utilizing Genetic Overlap With Brain Morphology. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. 92(4), p. 291–298. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.12.007. Full text in Research Archive
• Trubetskoy, Vassily; Pardiñas, Antonio F.; Qi, Ting; Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia; Awasthi, Swapnil & Bigdeli, Tim B. [Show all 434 contributors for this article] (2022). Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 604(7906), p. 502–508. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5.
• Werner, Maren Caroline Frogner; Wirgenes, Katrine Verena; Shadrin, Alexey; Lunding, Synve Hoffart; Rødevand, Linn & Hjell, Gabriela [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Immune marker levels in severe mental disorders: associations with polygenic risk scores of related mental phenotypes and psoriasis. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-01811-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Brouwer, Rachel M.; Klein, Marieke; Grasby, Katrina L.; Schnack, Hugo G.; Jahanshad, Neda & Teeuw, Jalmar [Show all 200 contributors for this article] (2022). Genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan. Nature Neuroscience. ISSN 1097-6256. 25(4), p. 421–432. doi: 10.1038/s41593-022-01042-4.
• Werner, Maren Caroline Frogner; Wirgenes, Katrine Verena; Shadrin, Alexey; Lunding, Synve Hoffart; Rødevand, Linn & Hjell, Gabriela [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Limited association between infections, autoimmune disease and genetic risk and immune activation in severe mental disorders. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0278-5846. 116. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110511. Full text in Research Archive
• Patel, Yash; Shin, Jean; Abé, Christoph; Agartz, Ingrid; Paus, Tomas & Hilland, Eva [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Virtual ontogeny of cortical growth preceding mental illness. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959.
• Leonardsen, Esten Høyland; Peng, Han; Kaufmann, Tobias; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole & Celius, Elisabeth Gulowsen [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2022). Deep neural networks learn general and clinically relevant representations of the ageing brain. NeuroImage. ISSN 1053-8119. 256. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119210. Full text in Research Archive
• Johansen, Ingrid Torp; Steen, Nils Eiel; Haram, Marit; Rødevand, Linn ; Werner, Maren Caroline Frogner & Lunding, Synve Hoffart [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Sex differences in antipsychotic-related triglyceride levels are associated with metabolic hormone differences in patients with severe mental disorders. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. 243, p. 55–63. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.015. Full text in Research Archive
• Patel, Yash; Shin, Jean; Abé, Chritsoph; Agartz, Ingrid & Alloza, C (2022). Virtual ontogeny of cortical growth preceding mental illness. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959.
• Almdahl, Ina Selseth; Agartz, Ingrid; Hugdahl, Kenneth Jan; Korsnes, Maria Stylianou & Neuroimaging Initiative, for the Alzheimer's Disease (2022). Brain pathology and cognitive scores prior to onset of late‐life depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. ISSN 0885-6230. 37(3), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1002/gps.5686.
• Mørch-Johnsen, Lynn Egeland; Smelror, Runar; Andreou, Dimitrios; Barth, Claudia; Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag & Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Negative Symptom Domains Are Associated With Verbal Learning in Adolescents With Early Onset Psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.825681. Full text in Research Archive
• Frangou, Sophia; Agartz, Ingrid; Alnæs, Dag; Andreassen, Ole; Doan, Nhat Trung & Dørum, Erlend S. [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. 43(1), p. 431–451. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25364.
• Dima, Danai; Agartz, Ingrid; Alnæs, Dag; Andreassen, Ole; Doan, Nhat Trung & Dørum, Erlend Solberg [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. 43(1). doi: 10.1002/hbm.25320.
• Blokland, Gabriella A. M.; Grove, Jakob; Chen, Chia-Yen; Cotsapas, Chris; Tobet, Stuart & Handa, Robert [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. 91, p. 102–117. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.972.
• Kalman, Janos L.; Loohuis, Loes M. Olde; Vreeker, Annabel; McQuillin, Andrew; Stahl, Eli A. & Ruderfer, Douglas [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Characterisation of age and polarity at onset in bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0007-1250. 219(6), p. 659–669. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2021.102. Full text in Research Archive
• Peterson, Roseann E.; Bigdeli, Tim B.; Ripke, Stephan; Bacanu, Silviu-Alin; Gejman, Pablo V. & Levinson, Douglas F. [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2021). Genome-wide analyses of smoking behaviors in schizophrenia: Findings from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Journal of Psychiatric Research. ISSN 0022-3956. 137, p. 215–224. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.027.
• Andlauer, Till F.M.; Guzman-Parra, José; Streit, Fabian; Strohmaier, Jana; González, Maria José & Flores, Susana Gil [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Bipolar multiplex families have an increased burden of common risk variants for psychiatric disorders. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. 26, p. 1286–1298. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0558-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Wortinger, Laura Anne ; Barth, Claudia; Nerland, Stener; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Shadrin, Alexey & Szabo, Attila [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Association of Birth Asphyxia With Regional White Matter Abnormalities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders. JAMA Network Open. ISSN 2574-3805. 4(12). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39759. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Importance: White matter (WM) abnormalities are commonly reported in psychiatric disorders. Whether peripartum insufficiencies in brain oxygenation, known as birth asphyxia, are associated with WM of patients with severe mental disorders is unclear. Objective: To examine the association between birth asphyxia and WM in adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (BDs) compared with healthy adults. Design, setting, and participants: In this case-control study, all individuals participating in the ongoing Thematically Organized Psychosis project were linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), where a subset of 271 patients (case group) and 529 healthy individuals (control group) had undergone diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Statistical analyses were performed from June 16, 2020, to March 9, 2021. Exposures: Birth asphyxia was defined based on measures from standardized reporting at birth in the MBRN. Main outcomes and measures: Associations between birth asphyxia and WM regions of interest diffusion metrics, ie, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), were compared between groups using analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, age squared, and sex. Results: Of the 850 adults included in the study, 271 were in the case group (140 [52%] female individuals; mean [SD] age, 28.64 [7.43] years) and 579 were in the control group (245 [42%] female individuals; mean [SD] age, 33.54 [8.31] years). Birth asphyxia measures were identified in 15% to 16% of participants, independent of group. The posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) showed a significant diagnostic group × birth asphyxia interaction (F(1, 843) = 11.46; P = .001), reflecting a stronger association between birth asphyxia and FA in the case group than the control group. RD, but not AD, also displayed a significant diagnostic group × birth asphyxia interaction (F(1, 843) = 9.28; P = .002) in the PLIC, with higher values in patients with birth asphyxia and similar effect sizes as observed for FA. Conclusions and relevance: In this case-control study, abnormalities in the PLIC of adult patients with birth asphyxia may suggest a greater susceptibility to hypoxia in patients with severe mental illness, which could lead to myelin damage or impeded brain development. Echoing recent early-stage schizophrenia studies, abnormalities of the PLIC are relevant to psychiatric disorders, as the PLIC contains important WM brain pathways associated with language, cognitive function, and sensory function, which are impaired in schizophrenia and BDs.

• Szabo, Attila; O'Connell, Kevin Sean; Ueland, Thor; Sheikh, Mashhood Ahmed; Agartz, Ingrid & Andreou, Dimitrios [Show all 31 contributors for this article] (2021). Increased circulating IL-18 levels in severe mental disorders indicate systemic inflammasome activation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. ISSN 0889-1591. 99, p. 299–306. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental illnesses (SMI) that are part of a psychosis continuum, and dysregulated innate immune responses have been suggested to be involved in their pathophysiology. However, disease-specific immune mechanisms in SMI are not known yet. Recently, dyslipidemia has been linked to systemic inflammasome activation, and elevated atherogenic lipid ratios have been shown to correlate with circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in SMI. It is, however, not yet known if increased systemic cholesterol load leads to inflammasome activation in these patients. Methods We tested the hypothesis that patients with SCZ and BD display higher circulating levels compared to healthy individuals of key members of the IL-18 system using a large patient cohort (n = 1632; including 737 SCZ and 895 BD), and healthy controls (CTRL; n = 1070). In addition, we assessed associations with coronary artery disease risk factors in SMI, focusing on relevant inflammasome-related, neuroendocrine, and lipid markers. Results We report higher baseline levels of circulating IL-18 system components (IL-18, IL-18BPA, IL-18R1), and increased expression of inflammasome-related genes (NLRP3 and NLRC4) in the blood of patients relative to CTRL. We demonstrate a cholesterol dyslipidemia pattern in psychotic disorders, and report correlations between levels of blood cholesterol types and the expression of inflammasome system elements in SMI. Conclusions Based on these results, we suggest a role for inflammasome activation/dysregulation in SMI. Our findings further the understanding of possible underlying inflammatory mechanisms and may expose important therapeutic targets in SMI.

• Nerland, Stener; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Nordhøy, Wibeke; Maximov, Ivan; Bugge, Robin Antony Birkeland & Westlye, Lars Tjelta [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Multisite reproducibility and test-retest reliability of the T1w/T2w-ratio: A comparison of processing methods. NeuroImage. ISSN 1053-8119. 245. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118709. Full text in Research Archive
• Hilland, Eva; Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag; Jonassen, Rune; Alnæs, Dag; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø & Barth, Claudia [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). Aberrant default mode connectivity in adolescents with early-onset psychosis: A resting state fMRI study. NeuroImage: Clinical. ISSN 2213-1582. 33. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102881. Full text in Research Archive
• Abé, Christoph; Ching, Christopher R.K.; Liberg, Benny; Lebedev, Alexander V.; Agartz, Ingrid & Akudjedu, Theophilus N. [Show all 72 contributors for this article] (2021). Longitudinal Structural Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Neuroimaging Study of 1232 Individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.008. Full text in Research Archive
• Bell, Christina; Tesli, Natalia; Gurholt, Tiril Pedersen; Rokicki, Jaroslav; Hjell, Gabriela & Fischer-Vieler, Thomas [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Associations between amygdala nuclei volumes, psychosis, psychopathy, and violent offending. Psychiatry Research : Neuroimaging. ISSN 0925-4927. 319. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111416. Full text in Research Archive
• Plavén-Sigray, Pontus; Ikonen Victorsson, Pauliina; Santillo, Alexander; Matheson, Granville J.; Lee, Maria & Collste, Karin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Thalamic dopamine D2-receptor availability in schizophrenia: a study on antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis and a meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01349-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Andreou, Dimitrios; Steen, Nils Eiel; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Smelror, Runar; Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten & Nerland, Stener [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2021). Lower circulating neuron-specific enolase concentrations in adults and adolescents with severe mental illness. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721003056. Full text in Research Archive
• Tesli, Natalia; Rokicki, Jaroslav; Maximov, Ivan; Bell, Christina; Hjell, Gabriela & Gurholt, Tiril Pedersen [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). White Matter Matters: Unraveling Violence in Psychosis and Psychopathy. Schizophrenia Bulletin Open. ISSN 2632-7899. 2(1). doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab026. Full text in Research Archive
• Andreou, Dimitrios; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Nerland, Stener; Smelror, Runar; Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten & Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Lower plasma total tau in adolescent psychosis: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Journal of Psychiatric Research. ISSN 0022-3956. 144, p. 255–261. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.031. Full text in Research Archive
• Jiang, Wenhao; Rootes-Murdy, Kelly; Chen, Jiayu; Bizzozero, Nora I.Perrone-; Calhoun, Vince D. & van Erp, Theo G.M. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2021). Multivariate alterations in insula - Medial prefrontal cortex linked to genetics in 12q24 in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. 306. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114237.
• Fagerberg, Tomas; Söderman, Erik; Gustavsson, Petter; Agartz, Ingrid; Jönsson, Erik G. & Jönsson, Erik Gunnar (2021). Thirteen-year follow-up of long-term treated psychotic disorder: personality aspects. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0803-9488. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1981436. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkenæs, Viktoria; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Høegh, Margrethe Collier; Haram, Marit & Werner, Maren Caroline Frogner [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Telomeres are shorter and associated with number of suicide attempts in affective disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 295, p. 1032–1039. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.135.
• Gutman, Boris A.; van Erp, Theo G.M.; Alpert, Kathryn I.; Ching, Christopher; Isaev, Dmitry & Ragothaman, Anjani [Show all 84 contributors for this article] (2021). A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25625. Full text in Research Archive
• Jalbrzikowski, Maria; Hayes, Rebecca A.; Wood, Stephen J.; Dorte, Nordholm; Zhou, Juan H & Fusar-Poli, Paolo [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2021). Association of Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures With Psychosis Onset in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Developing Psychosis: An ENIGMA Working Group Mega-analysis. JAMA psychiatry. ISSN 2168-6238. 78(7), p. 753–766. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0638.
• Sønderby, Ida Elken; Ching, Christopher R. K.; Thomopoulos, Sophia I.; van der Meer, Dennis; Sun, Daqiang & Villalon-Reina, Julio E. [Show all 52 contributors for this article] (2021). Effects of copy number variations on brain structure and risk for psychiatric illness: Large-scale studies from the ENIGMA working groups on CNVs. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25354. Full text in Research Archive
• Engh, John; Ueland, Thor; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreou, Dimitrios; Aukrust, Pål & Boye, Birgitte [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). Plasma Levels of the Cytokines B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross Sectional, Multisite Study. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab106.
• Sønderby, Ida Elken; van der Meer, Dennis; Moreau, Clara; Kaufmann, Tobias; Walters, G. Bragi & Ellegaard, Maria [Show all 76 contributors for this article] (2021). 1q21.1 distal copy number variants are associated with cerebral and cognitive alterations in humans. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 11. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01213-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Andreou, Dimitrios; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Nerland, Stener; Engen, Kristine; Yolken, Robert H. & Andreassen, Ole [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Cytomegalovirus infection associated with smaller dentate gyrus in men with severe mental illness. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. ISSN 0889-1591. 96, p. 54–62. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.009. Full text in Research Archive
• Wolfers, Thomas; Rokicki, Jaroslav; Alnæs, Dag; Berthet, Pierre; Agartz, Ingrid & Kia, Seyed Mostafa [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Replicating extensive brain structural heterogeneity in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. 42(8), p. 2546–2555. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25386. Full text in Research Archive
• Chen, Jiayu; Li, Xiang; Calhoun, Vince D.; Turner, Jessica A.; van Erp, Theo G.M. & Wang, Lei [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2021). Sparse deep neural networks on imaging genetics for schizophrenia case–control classification. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. 42(8), p. 2556–2568. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25387. Full text in Research Archive
• Aas, Monica; Ueland, Torill; Mørch, Ragni Helene; Laskemoen, Jannicke Fjæra; Lunding, Synve Hoffart & Reponen, Elina Johanna [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Physical activity and childhood trauma experiences in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 1562-2975. 22(8), p. 637–645. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907707. Full text in Research Archive
• Norbom, Linn Christin Bonaventure; Ferschmann, Lia; Parker, Nadine; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole Andreas & Paus, Tomas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). New insights into the dynamic development of the cerebral cortex in childhood and adolescence: Integrating macro- and microstructural MRI findings. Progress in Neurobiology. ISSN 0301-0082. 204, p. 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102109. Full text in Research Archive
• Fagerberg, Tomas; Söderman, Erik; Gustavsson, J. Petter; Agartz, Ingrid & Jönsson, Erik Gunnar (2021). Swedish universities scales of personality: Relation to other personality instruments. Psychiatry Investigation. ISSN 1738-3684. 18(5), p. 373–384. doi: 10.30773/pi.2020.0052. Full text in Research Archive
• Smelror, Runar; Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag; Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Barth, Claudia & Andreou, Dimitrios [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Cognitive Impairment Profile in Adolescent Early-Onset Psychosis Usingthe MATRICS Battery: Age and Sex Effects. Neuropsychology. ISSN 0894-4105. 35(3), p. 300–309. doi: 10.1037/neu0000723.
• Andreou, Dimitrios; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Bakke, Laura A Wortinger; Engen, Kristine; Vaskinn, Anja & Ueland, Torill [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Cytomegalovirus infection and IQ in patients with severe mental illness and healthy individuals. Psychiatry Research. ISSN 0165-1781. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113929. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent adults is usually asymptomatic, but results in lifelong latency. Infection occurring congenitally or in immunodeficiency can lead to cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate the associations between CMV exposure and intelligence quotient (IQ) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZS), bipolar spectrum disorders (BDS) and healthy controls (HC). CMV immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations were measured by immunoassay and expressed as dichotomous measures (seropositive/CMV+ vs. seronegative/CMV-). Based on a significant CMV-by-diagnosis-by-sex interaction on IQ, we investigated main and interaction effects of CMV and sex on IQ in each diagnostic category. Significant CMV-by-sex interactions were found in patient groups. In SZS, CMV+ female patients (n = 50) had significantly lower IQ than CMV- female patients (n = 33), whereas CMV+ (n = 48) and CMV- (n = 45) male patients did not differ in IQ. In BDS, CMV+ (n = 49) and CMV- (n = 37) female patients did not differ in IQ, whereas CMV+ male patients (n = 33) had significantly higher IQ than CMV- male patients (n = 32). Among HC, CMV+ (n = 138) and CMV- (n = 118) male participants as well as CMV+ (n = 125) and CMV- (n = 93) female participants did not differ in IQ. Our findings suggest that CMV exposure may affect IQ in patients with severe mental illness but not HC.

• Wortinger, Laura Anne; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Barth, Claudia; Nerland, Stener; Smelror, Runar Elle & Vaskinn, Anja [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Significant association between intracranial volume and verbal intellectual abilities in patients with schizophrenia and a history of birth asphyxia. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721000489. Full text in Research Archive
• Almdahl, Ina Selseth; Martinussen, Liva Jenny; Agartz, Ingrid; Hugdahl, Kenneth & Korsnes, Maria Stylianou (2021). Inhibition of emotions in healthy aging: age‐related differences in brain network connectivity. Brain and Behavior. ISSN 2162-3279. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2052. Full text in Research Archive
• Barth, Claudia; Nerland, Stener; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Wortinger, Laura Anne ; Hilland, Eva & Andreassen, Ole Andreas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). In Vivo Amygdala Nuclei Volumes in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 47(5), p. 1431–1441. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa192. Full text in Research Archive
• Lundberg, Mathias; Curbo, Sophie; Bohman, Hannes; Agartz, Ingrid; Ögren, Sven-Ove & Patrone, Cesare [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Clozapine protects adult neural stem cells from ketamine-induced cell death in correlation with decreased apoptosis and autophagy. Bioscience Reports. ISSN 0144-8463. 40(1). doi: 10.1042/BSR20193156. Full text in Research Archive
• Wierenga, Lara M.; Doucet, Gaëlle E.; Dima, Danai; Agartz, Ingrid; Aghajani, Moji & Akudjedu, Theophilus N. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2020). Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25204. Full text in Research Archive
• Kamitaki, Nolan; Sekar, Aswin; Handsaker, Robert E; de Rivera,, Heather; Tooley,, Katherine & Morris,, David L. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2020). Complement genes contribute sex-biased vulnerability in diverse disorders. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2277-x.
• Holleran, Laurena; Kelly, Sinead; Alloza, Clara; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole Andreas & Arango, Celso [Show all 45 contributors for this article] (2020). The Relationship Between White Matter Microstructure and General Cognitive Ability in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Participants in the ENIGMA Consortium. American Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0002-953X. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19030225.
• Hofer, Edith; Roshchupkin, Gennady V.; Adams, Hieab H H; Knol, Maria J.; Lin, Honghuang & Li, Shuo [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2020). Genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of cortical structure in general population samples of 22,824 adults. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 11. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18367-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Grasby, Katrina L.; Jahanshad, Neda; Painter, Jodie N; Colodro-Conde, Lucía; Bralten, Janita & Hibar, DP [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2020). The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Science. ISSN 0036-8075. 367(6484). doi: 10.1126/science.aay6690. Full text in Research Archive
• de Zwarte, Sonja M. C.; Brouwer, Rachel M; Agartz, Ingrid; Alda, Martin; Alonso-Lana, Silvia & Bearden, Carrie E [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2020). Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25206. Full text in Research Archive
• Coleman, Jonathan R.I.; Gaspar, Helena A; Bryois, Julien; Byrne, Enda M; Forstner, Andreas J & Holmans, Peter A [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2020). The Genetics of the Mood Disorder Spectrum: Genome-wide Association Analyses of More Than 185,000 Cases and 439,000 Controls. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.015.
• Bakke, Laura A Wortinger; Engen, Kristine; Barth, Claudia; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø & Agartz, Ingrid (2020). Asphyxia at birth affects brain structure in patients on the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder spectrum and healthy participants. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720002779. Full text in Research Archive
• Haatveit, Beathe Christin; Mørch-Johnsen, Lynn; Alnæs, Dag; Engen, Magnus Johan; Lyngstad, Siv Hege & Færden, Ann [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Divergent relationship between brain structure and cognitive functioning in patients with prominent negative symptomatology. Psychiatry Research : Neuroimaging. ISSN 0925-4927. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111233. Full text in Research Archive
• Ching, Christopher R. K.; Hibar, Derrek P.; Gurholt, Tiril Pedersen; Nunes, Abraham; Thomopoulos, Sophia I. & Abé, Chritsoph [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2020). What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging: Findings and future directions from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25098. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukvik, Unn Kristin H.; Gurholt, Tiril Pedersen; Nerland, Stener; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Akudjedu, Theophilus N. & Alda, Martin [Show all 97 contributors for this article] (2020). In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in bipolar disorder—A mega‐analysis from The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. p. 1–14. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25249. Full text in Research Archive
• Rokicki, Jaroslav; Wolfers, Thomas; Nordhøy, Wibeke; Tesli, Natalia; Quintana, Daniel & Alnæs, Dag [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2020). Multimodal imaging improves brain age prediction and reveals distinct abnormalities in patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. 42(6), p. 1714–1726. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25323. Full text in Research Archive
• Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Bahrami, Shahram; van der Meer, Dennis; Agartz, Ingrid; Alnæs, Dag & Barch, Deanna M. [Show all 76 contributors for this article] (2020). The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 11. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17376-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Engen, Kristine; Wortinger, Laura Anne ; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Lundberg, Mathias; Bohman, Hannes & Smelror, Runar [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Autoantibodies to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in adolescents with early onset psychosis and healthy controls. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. 11:666, p. 1–7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00666. Full text in Research Archive
• Koenig, Julian; Abler, Birgit; Agartz, Ingrid; Åkerstedt, Torbjørn; Andreassen, Ole Andreas & Anthony, Mia [Show all 83 contributors for this article] (2020). Cortical thickness and resting‐state cardiac function across the lifespan: A cross‐sectional pooled mega‐analysis. Psychophysiology. ISSN 0048-5772. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13688. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting‐state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega‐analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12–87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS—or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.

• Bohman, Hannes; Agartz, Ingrid; Mansouri, Shiva; Naessen, Tord & Lundberg, Mathias (2020). Preclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents with psychotic or bipolar disorders investigated with carotid high-frequency ultrasound. Brain and Behavior. ISSN 2162-3279. 00:e01862, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1862. Full text in Research Archive
• Gurholt, Tiril Pedersen; Lonning, Vera Louise Hiorth; Nerland, Stener; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Haukvik, Unn Kristin H. & Alloza, Clara [Show all 41 contributors for this article] (2020). Intracranial and subcortical volumes in adolescents with early‐onset psychosis: A multisite mega‐analysis from the ENIGMA consortium. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. p. 1–12. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25212. Full text in Research Archive
• Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten; Ueland, Thor; Aukrust, Pål; Friis, Svein; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Reduced levels of circulating adhesion molecules in adolescents with early-onset psychosis. Nature NPJ Schizophrenia. ISSN 2334-265X. 6, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41537-020-00112-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Còrdova Palomera, Aldo; van der Meer, Dennis; Kaufmann, Tobias; Bettella, Francesco; Wang, Yunpeng & Alnæs, Dag [Show all 40 contributors for this article] (2020). Genetic control of variability in subcortical and intracranial volumes. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-0664-1. Full text in Research Archive
• de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Barth, Claudia; Kaufmann, Tobias; Maximov, Ivan; van der Meer, Dennis & Agartz, Ingrid [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Women's brain aging: effects of sex-hormone exposure, pregnancies, and genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Human Brain Mapping. ISSN 1065-9471. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25180. Full text in Research Archive
• Werner, Maren Caroline Frogner; Wirgenes, Katrine Verena; Haram, Marit; Bettella, Francesco; Lunding, Synve Hoffart & Rødevand, Linn Nilsen [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Indicated association between polygenic risk score and treatment-resistance in a naturalistic sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. 218, p. 55–62. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønnesen, Siren; Kaufmann, Tobias; de Lange, Ann-Marie Glasø; Richard, Geneviève; Doan, Nhat Trung & Alnæs, Dag [Show all 33 contributors for this article] (2020). Brain age prediction reveals aberrant brain white matter in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A multisample diffusion tensor imaging study. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. ISSN 2451-9022. 5(12), p. 1095–1103. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Barth, Claudia; Lonning, Vera Louise Hiorth; Gurholt, Tiril Pedersen; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Myhre, Anne Margrethe & Agartz, Ingrid (2020). Exploring white matter microstructure and the impact of antipsychotics in adolescent-onset psychosis. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233684. Full text in Research Archive
• Barth, Claudia; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Wortinger, Laura Anne ; Nerland, Stener; Jönsson, Erik Gunnar & Agartz, Ingrid (2020). Trajectories of brain volume change over 13 years in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.014.
• Smelror, Runar; Rund, Bjørn Rishovd; Lonning, Vera Louise Hiorth; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten & Andreassen, Ole Andreas [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Negative and disorganized symptoms mediate the relationship between verbal learning and global functioning in adolescents with early-onset psychosis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01479-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Hope, Sigrun; Nærland, Terje; Høyland, Anne Lise; Torske, Tonje; Malt, Eva & Abrahamsen, Tore G [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2020). Higher vitamin B12 levels in neurodevelopmental disorders than in healthy controls and schizophrenia A comparison among participants between 2 and 53 years. The FASEB Journal. ISSN 0892-6638. 34(6), p. 8114–8124. doi: 10.1096/fj.201900855RRR.
• Thompson, Paul M.; Jahanshad, Neda; Ching, Christopher R.K.; Salminen, Lauren E.; Thomopoulos, Sophia I. & Bright, Joanna [Show all 170 contributors for this article] (2020). ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 10:100, p. 1–28. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-0705-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Tesli, Natalia; van der Meer, Dennis; Rokicki, Jaroslav; Storvestre, Guttorm Breivik; Røsæg, Cato & Jensen, Arvid [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Hippocampal subfield and amygdala nuclei volumes in schizophrenia patients with a history of violence. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. ISSN 0940-1334. doi: 10.1007/s00406-020-01098-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Gurholt, Tiril Pedersen; Haukvik, Unn Kristin H.; Lonning, Vera; Jönsson, Erik Gunnar; Pasternak, Ofer & Agartz, Ingrid (2020). Microstructural white matter and links with subcortical structures in chronic schizophrenia: A free-water imaging approach. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00056. Full text in Research Archive
• Andreou, Dimitrios; Saetre, Peter; Milesson Fors, Björn; Nilsson, Björn Mikael; Kullberg, Joel & Jönsson, Erik Gunnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction in men and women with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic treatment. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. p. 226–232. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.042. Full text in Research Archive
• Lee, Phil H.; Antilla, Verneri; Won, Hyejung; Feng, Yen-Chen A.; Rosenthal, Jacob & Zhu, Zhaozhong [Show all 66 contributors for this article] (2019). Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders. Cell. ISSN 0092-8674. 179(7), p. 1469–1482. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020. Full text in Research Archive
• Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten; Friis, Svein; Lonning, Vera Louise Hiorth; Smelror, Runar; Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag & Agartz, Ingrid [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Lipid alterations in adolescents with early-onset psychosis may be independent of antipsychotic medication. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.039. Full text in Research Archive
• Harold, Denise; Connolly, Siobhan; Riley, Brien P.; Kendler, Kenneth S.; McCarthy, Shane E. & McCombie, William R. [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2019). Population-based identity-by-descent mapping combined with exome sequencing to detect rare risk variants for schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics. ISSN 0148-7299. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32716.
• Rahaman, MA; Turner, Jessica A.; Gupta, Cota Navin; Rachakonda, Srinivas; Chen, Jiayu & Liu, Jingyu [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2019). N-BiC: A Method for Multi-Component and Symptom Biclustering of Structural MRI Data: Application to Schizophrenia. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. ISSN 0018-9294. 67(1), p. 110–121. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2019.2908815.
• Hess, JL; Tylee, JS; Mattheisen, M; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole Andreas & Djurovic, Srdjan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0463-8.
• Ing, Alex J.; Sämann, Philipp G.; Chu, Congying; Tay, Nicole; Biondo, Francesca & Robert, Gabriel [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2019). Identification of neurobehavioural symptom groups based on shared brain mechanisms. Nature Human Behaviour. ISSN 2397-3374. 3(12), p. 1306–1318. doi: 10.1038/s41562-019-0738-8.
• Wedervang-Resell, Kirsten; Friis, Svein; Lonning, Vera Louise Hiorth; Smelror, Runar; Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag & Reponen, Elina Johanna [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Increased interleukin 18 activity in adolescents with early-onset psychosis is associated with cortisol and depressive symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology. ISSN 0306-4530. 112:104513, p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104513. Full text in Research Archive
• Bless, Josef J; Hjelmervik, Helene; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Gudmundsen, Magne; Larøi, Frank & Holma, Irina [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2019). Temporal Signatures of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: An App-Based Experience Sampling Study. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.020. Full text in Research Archive
• Richards, Alexander L.; Pardiñas, Antonio F.; Frizzati, Aura; Tansey, Katherine E.; Lynham, Amy J. & Holmans, Peter [Show all 48 contributors for this article] (2019). The Relationship Between Polygenic Risk Scores and Cognition in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbz061. Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a clinically important feature of schizophrenia. Polygenic risk score (PRS) methods have demonstrated genetic overlap between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), educational attainment (EA), and IQ, but very few studies have examined associations between these PRS and cognitive phenotypes within schizophrenia cases. METHODS: We combined genetic and cognitive data in 3034 schizophrenia cases from 11 samples using the general intelligence factor g as the primary measure of cognition. We used linear regression to examine the association between cognition and PRS for EA, IQ, schizophrenia, BD, and MDD. The results were then meta-analyzed across all samples. A genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cognition was conducted in schizophrenia cases. RESULTS: PRS for both population IQ (P = 4.39 x 10-28) and EA (P = 1.27 x 10-26) were positively correlated with cognition in those with schizophrenia. In contrast, there was no association between cognition in schizophrenia cases and PRS for schizophrenia (P = .39), BD (P = .51), or MDD (P = .49). No individual variant approached genome-wide significance in the GWAS. CONCLUSIONS: Cognition in schizophrenia cases is more strongly associated with PRS that index cognitive traits in the general population than PRS for neuropsychiatric disorders. This suggests the mechanisms of cognitive variation within schizophrenia are at least partly independent from those that predispose to schizophrenia diagnosis itself. Our findings indicate that this cognitive variation arises at least in part due to genetic factors shared with cognitive performance in populations and is not solely due to illness or treatment-related factors, although our findings are consistent with important contributions from these factors.

• Satizabal, Claudia L.; Adams, Hieab H.H.; Hibar, Derrek; White, Charles C.; Knol, Maria J. & Stein, Jason L. [Show all 289 contributors for this article] (2019). Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals. Nature Genetics. ISSN 1061-4036. 51, p. 1624–1636. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0511-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Mennigen, Eva; Jiang, Wenhao; Calhoun, Vince D; van Erp, Theo GM; Agartz, Ingrid & Ford, Judith M. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Positive and general psychopathology associated with specific gray matter reductions in inferior temporal regions in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. ISSN 0920-9964. 208, p. 242–249. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.02.010.
• de Zwarte, Sonja M.C.; Brouwer, Rachel M.; Agartz, Ingrid; Alda, Martin; Aleman, André & Alpert, Kathryn I. [Show all 91 contributors for this article] (2019). The association between familial risk and brain abnormalities is disease specific: An ENIGMA-relatives study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. 86(7), p. 545–556. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.985. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Laura A. Wortinger ; Engen, Kristine; Barth, Claudia; Lonning, Vera Louise Hiorth; Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø & Andreassen, Ole Andreas [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Obstetric complications and intelligence in patients on the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum and healthy participants. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719002046.
• van der Meer, Dennis; Sønderby, Ida Elken; Kaufmann, Tobias; Walters, G. Bragi; Abdellaoui, Abdel & Ames, David [Show all 132 contributors for this article] (2019). Association of copy number variation of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region with cortical and subcortical morphology and cognition. JAMA psychiatry. ISSN 2168-6238. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3779. Show summary

  IMPORTANCE: Recurrent microdeletions and duplications in the genomic region 15q11.2 between breakpoints 1 (BP1) and 2 (BP2) are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. These structural variants are present in 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, making 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 the site of the most prevalent known pathogenic copy number variation (CNV). It is unknown to what extent this CNV influences brain structure and affects cognitive abilities. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs with cortical and subcortical brain morphology and cognitive task performance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this genetic association study, T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging were combined with genetic data from the ENIGMA-CNV consortium and the UK Biobank, with a replication cohort from Iceland. In total, 203 deletion carriers, 45 247 noncarriers, and 306 duplication carriers were included. Data were collected from August 2015 to April 2019, and data were analyzed from September 2018 to September 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The associations of the CNV with global and regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness as well as subcortical volumes were investigated, correcting for age, age2 , sex, scanner, and intracranial volume. Additionally, measures of cognitive ability were analyzed in the full UK Biobank cohort. RESULTS: Of 45 756 included individuals, the mean (SD) age was 55.8 (18.3) years, and 23 754 (51.9%) were female. Compared with noncarriers, deletion carriers had a lower surface area (Cohen d = −0.41; SE, 0.08; P = 4.9 × 10−8), thicker cortex (Cohen d = 0.36; SE, 0.07; P = 1.3 × 10−7), and a smaller nucleus accumbens (Cohen d = −0.27; SE, 0.07; P = 7.3 × 10−5). There was also a significant negative dose response on cortical thickness (β = −0.24; SE, 0.05; P = 6.8 × 10−7). Regional cortical analyses showed a localization of the effects to the frontal, cingulate, and parietal lobes. Further, cognitive ability was lower for deletion carriers compared with noncarriers on 5 of 7 tasks. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings, from the largest CNV neuroimaging study to date, provide evidence that 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 structural variation is associated with brain morphology and cognition, with deletion carriers being particularly affected. The pattern of results fits with known molecular functions of genes in the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region and suggests involvement of these genes in neuronal plasticity. These neurobiological effects likely contribute to the association of this CNV with neurodevelopmental disorders

• Mullins, Niamh; Bigdeli, Tim B.; Børglum, Anders D.; Coleman, Jonathan R.I.; Demontis, Ditte & Mehta, Divya [Show all 117 contributors for this article] (2019). GWAS of suicide attempt in psychiatric disorders and association with major depression polygenic risk scores. American Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0002-953X. 176(8), p. 651–660. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18080957. Full text in Research Archive
• Jiang, Wenhao; Andreassen, Ole Andreas; Agartz, Ingrid; Lagerberg, Trine Vik; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Calhoun, Vince D. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Distinct structural brain circuits indicate mood and apathy profiles in bipolar disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical. ISSN 2213-1582. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101989. Full text in Research Archive
• Alnæs, Dag; Kaufmann, Tobias; van der Meer, Dennis; Còrdova Palomera, Aldo; Rokicki, Jaroslav & Moberget, Torgeir [Show all 30 contributors for this article] (2019). Brain heterogeneity in schizophrenia and its association with polygenic risk. JAMA psychiatry. ISSN 2168-6238. 76(7), p. 739–748. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0257.
• Kaufmann, Tobias; van der Meer, Dennis; Doan, Nhat Trung; Schwarz, Emanuel; Lund, Martina Jonette & Agartz, Ingrid [Show all 84 contributors for this article] (2019). Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain. Nature Neuroscience. ISSN 1097-6256. 22(10), p. 1617–1623. doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7. Full text in Research Archive

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• Kaufmann, Tobias; van der Meer, Dennis; Doan, Nhat Trung; Schwarz, Emanuel; Lund, Martina Jonette & Agartz, Ingrid [Show all 97 contributors for this article] (2020). Publisher Correction: Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain (Nature Neuroscience, (2019), 22, 10, (1617-1623), 10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7). Nature Neuroscience. ISSN 1097-6256. 23(2). doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0553-6.
• Huckins, Laura M.; Dobbyn, Amanda; Ruderfer, Douglas M.; Hoffman, Gabriel; Wang, Weiqing & Pardiñas, Antonio F. [Show all 360 contributors for this article] (2019). Publisher Correction: Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk (Nature Genetics, (2019), 51, 4, (659-674), 10.1038/s41588-019-0364-4). Nature Genetics. ISSN 1061-4036. 51(6). doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0435-6.
• Jørgensen, Kjetil Nordbø; Nerland, Stener; Moberget, Torgeir; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Jönsson, Erik Gunnar & Andreassen, Ole Andreas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Optimizing the T1/T2 ratio for analysis within and between subjects.

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