Kim Alexander Tønseth

• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Boberg-Ans, Lars Christian; Fineide, Fredrik Andreas; Allen, Richard Cutler; Bohman, Elin & Tønseth, Kim Alexander [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Contemporary Concepts and Techniques for Scar Minimization in Direct Brow Lift: A Literature Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 15(12), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/jcm15124445. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Despite the rise of endoscopic approaches, the direct brow lift remains one of the most effective procedures for correcting brow ptosis for both functional and cosmetic indications. It continues to offer superior control when correcting brow shape, height, and asymmetry. However, visible scarring remains a concern. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize recent evidence on strategies that minimize visible scarring in direct brow lift surgery. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve English-language publications from the past decade, discussing scar-minimization strategies in direct brow lift. A total of 124 records were identified through database searches in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase. Records were screened manually according to predetermined criteria, and those not in English, not addressing scarring, or not focused on direct brow lift were excluded. After this process, ten publications were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Results: The qualitative synthesis of all included publications (together comprising data on approximately 900 patients) revealed several strategies for scar minimization. (1) Incision beveling: A shallow cranially directed bevel between 20° and 45° preserves brow hair follicles and allows hair regrowth through the scar, providing natural camouflage. (2) Undermining: Gentle subcutaneous undermining in a limited 1–2 cm field, while preserving subcutaneous fat, allows tension-free advancement and maintains brow volume. (3) Periosteal suspension: Anchoring the mobilized brow flap to the frontal periosteum redistributes tension away from the dermal closure, maintaining elevation and improving scar quality. (4) Layered closure: Two- or three-layered wound closure with deep dermal anchoring and fine everting skin sutures minimizes dermal traction and scar widening. (5) Adjunctive measures: Evidence for topical silicone gel was inconclusive, whereas postoperative laser therapy and perioperative neuromodulator use demonstrated improved scar appearance. Across studies, outcomes were consistent, with high patient satisfaction, inconspicuous scars in over 85% of cases, and low complication or revision rates. Conclusions: Direct brow lift has historically been criticized for conspicuous scarring, contributing to the popularity of endoscopic techniques. Nevertheless, the traditional direct brow lift remains a fundamental skill in the oculofacial plastic surgeon’s armamentarium, offering unmatched accuracy in brow repositioning, reliability, and symmetry. Contemporary evidence demonstrates refinements that can markedly minimize scar visibility. This systematic review and qualitative synthesis allow us to continue to refine and improve our techniques to minimize scarring in direct brow lift to the benefit of our patients.

• Fineide, Fredrik; Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Boberg-Ans, Lars Christian; Allen, Richard C.; Bohman, Elin & Tønseth, Kim Alexander [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Minimizing Postoperative Scars in Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: A Concise Review. Surgeries. 6(4), p. 93–93. doi: 10.3390/surgeries6040093. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic surgeries performed worldwide. The procedure consists of removing excess skin with or without muscle and/or fat from the upper eyelid by a transcutaneous approach and placement of a supratarsal crease. The surgery is performed in a cosmetically sensitive area and every attempt to avoid poor scar formation should be made. Methods: This review presents a conspectus of the existing medical literature regarding scar-avoiding strategies in upper blepharoplasty with the aim of contributing to the reduction in postoperative scar formation. The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched on 2 September 2025. Results: The search yielded a total of 562 records, and, following screening, eleven publications were included. Conclusions: A systematic approach to pre-, intra-, and postoperative measures to minimize scarring are presented. There is a need to standardize scar assessment and reporting to facilitate inter-study comparison of effects, as well as prospective, randomized studies comparing suture materials and techniques.

• Boberg-Ans, Lars Christian; Boberg-Ans, Sophie; Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Allen, Richard; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Bohman, Elin Henriette [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Minimizing Post-Operative Scars in External Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Literature Review. Clinical Ophthalmology. ISSN 1177-5467. Volume 19, p. 4749–4763. doi: 10.2147/opth.s532729. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: This literature review examines the literature on surgical modifications and post-operative strategies designed to minimize visible scarring following external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ext-DCR). Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL databases was performed on July 25th 2024, to identify studies evaluating scar formation after Ext-DCR. Studies were included if they assessed incision techniques, closure methods, or post-operative care protocols and reported aesthetic outcomes related to scar visibility. Results: Forty studies comprising 3750 Ext-DCR procedures with scar reports from 3715 individuals met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of visible scarring varied widely (0-50%), though most studies reported rates below 10%. Techniques associated with improved aesthetic outcomes included alternative incision designs, minimal incision approaches, and sutureless skin closures. Conclusion: Various surgical modifications have demonstrated potential in reducing visible scarring after Ext-DCR; however, no single technique has achieved universal acceptance. Tailoring incision design and closure techniques based on patient-specific factors, including skin type and aesthetic concerns, has been reported to improve outcomes. Future studies should incorporate standardized scar assessment scales to facilitate direct comparisons and optimize best practices in Ext-DCR surgery.

• Fineide, Fredrik A.; Allen, Richard C.; Bohman, Elin Henriette; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Utheim, Tor Paaske & Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht (2025). Minimizing Postoperative Scars in Epicanthoplasty: A Concise Review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. ISSN 1473-2130. 24(12), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/jocd.70603. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The epicanthal fold is a fibromuscular skin fold covering the medial aspect of the eye. Upper double eyelid blepharoplasty and epicanthoplasty have become the most frequently performed cosmetic surgeries in Asia. However, many surgeons have expressed concern for hypertrophic scarring following epicanthoplasty. Therefore, exploring scar-minimizing techniques should interest surgeons performing epicanthoplasty, especially since most candidates for this type of surgery are more susceptible to hypertrophic scarring due to genetic factors. Objectives This review aims to contribute to reducing post-epicanthoplasty scarring by presenting a synopsis of the existing medical literature on scar-minimizing strategies for medial epicanthoplasty. Methods PubMed and EMBASE searches were conducted on October 25, 2025, and following screening, 85 publications were included. Results As novel techniques have increasingly focused on tension release within the epicanthal fold, most procedures are now well-tolerated with a low recurrence rate and a high degree of patient satisfaction. Conclusions While numerous techniques have been described, no single method suits all cases. Based on trends in the literature, the skin redraping technique appears to be a versatile option with limited scarring in diverse scenarios, though this inference is not supported by randomized or prospective comparative data. Prospective, randomized studies are needed to compare the efficacy and cosmetic outcomes of different approaches for different degrees of epicanthal folds.

• Sundhagen, Henriette Pisani; Wæhre, Anne & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2024). Metoidioplasty in Norway: A 13-year Experience from a National Center. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 12(11), p. e6307–e6307. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006307. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Genital surgery is often considered the final step in surgical gender-affirming treatment. Metoidioplasty is a variant where the enlarged clitoris is lengthened and straightened. The technique has several advantages but is not without complications. We evaluated the surgical outcomes after metoidioplasty from our national center from 2007 to 2020. Methods: All patients who had undergone the metoidioplasty procedure at Oslo University Hospital from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2020, were identified by the Local Quality Register of Gender Incongruence. Demographic, clinical, and surgical variables were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS. Results: A total of 84 patients were identified. The median age at the time of surgery was 27.5 years. Of 84 patients, 48 (57.1%) experienced some kind of complication after the surgery, with an average of 1.7 complications. Complications related to the urethroplasty were the most common, with strictures occurring in 19 (22.6%) patients and urethral fistulas occurring in 11 (13.1%) patients. Forty-one patients (48.8%) needed 1 or more secondary procedures. After the management of strictures and fistulas, a secondary testis implant correction was the most frequent revision procedure performed in 38.1% (32) of patients. With increasing body mass index, the risk of complications and of undergoing secondary procedures also increased significantly (P = 0.045 and 0.019, respectively). Conclusions: Metoidioplasty is an operation with a relatively high complication rate, mainly related to urethroplasty. There is an urgent need for future research with a focus on quality of life and long-term follow-up.

• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Ueland, Hans Olav; Bohman, Elin Henriette; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2024). Ektropion. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(1). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0309. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindberg, Nina Kristine Ellefsen; Kynø, Nina M; Feragen, Kristin Judith Billaud; Pripp, Are Hugo & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2024). Parental Stress, Infant Feeding and Well-being in Families Affected by Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate: The Impact of Early Follow-up. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. ISSN 1055-6656. doi: 10.1177/10556656241231524. Full text in Research Archive
• Schou-Bredal, Inger; Moberg, Ingvild Ona; Schou, Martin Simen; Sætnan, Elisabeth; Fuglesteg, Inger Karin & Tønseth, Kim Alexander [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Preoperative Expectations of Women Undergoing Breast Reconstruction Surgery. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 12(6). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005928. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The study investigated the expectations of patients undergoing immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy, considering factors such as the cause for mastectomy (cancer versus prophylactic due BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations), age, marital status, and education. Methods: The study had a cross-sectional design. Eligible patients at Oslo University Hospital received a link to the BREAST-Q Expectations questionnaire, which they filled out before surgery from 2019 to 2022. Results: One hundred forty-six patients completed the questionnaire (79.8% response rate). The mean age was 46.6 years, and the majority (95.1%) were undergoing reconstruction with implants. Most patients (86.9%) wanted to be involved in the decision-making. The highest expectation was for breast appearance and the lowest for sensation after surgery. Patients not diagnosed with cancer (n = 27) before surgery expected significantly more pain after surgery compared with patients diagnosed with cancer (P = 0.016). Patients 40 years or younger had higher expectation of pain after surgery than patients 41 years or older, 73.2 versus 54.2, P < 0.001, respectively. After 10 years, 26.7% of the patients expected that further reconstruction procedures might be necessary. Conclusions: Our study’s results regarding patient’s expectations with breast reconstruction, as assessed using the BREAST-Q Expectations module, align with previous research in terms of overall trends. However, our study provides a more nuanced understanding by exploring variations within different patient subgroups. These differences emphasize the need for personalized preoperative counseling and support to align patient’s expectations with realistic outcomes.

• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Ueland, Hans Olav; Bohman, Elin Henriette; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2024). Entropion. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0191. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Entropion, det vil si innovervrenging av øyelokk, forekommer hyppig, særlig hos eldre. Tilstanden deles inn i en aldersrelatert, en arrbetinget, en spastisk og en medfødt type. Den aldersrelaterte typen er vanligst og behandles typisk med lateral oppstramming, eventuelt kombinert med andre teknikker som everterer øyelokket utover. I denne kliniske oversikten gjennomgås patologi, diagnostikk og behandlingsprinsipper for entropion. Entropion er en tilstand hvor øyelokket (nesten alltid det nedre) vrenges innover (1, 2). Dette kan medføre hornhinneirritasjon og gi symptomer i form av fremmedlegemefornemmelse, tåreflod og røde øyne. Ikke overraskende har over 70 % av pasientene også samtidig tørre øyne (3). Entropion kan medføre kronisk/residiverende konjunktivitt. Ekstreme tilfeller kan gi hornhinnesår og/eller perforasjon av hornhinnen (1). Entropion rammer omtrent 3 % av befolkningen over 65 år. Prevalensen øker med alderen og er vanligere hos kvinner enn hos menn (3). Likevel er entropion mindre hyppig enn ektropion (4, 5), der øyelokket er vrengt utover. Det er mer vanlig å ha entropion bilateralt enn unilateralt (3). Undertype og alvorlighetsgrad avgjør når og hvordan tilstanden skal behandles. Vi ønsker her å gi en oversikt over entropion og aktuelle behandlinger. Artikkelen bygger på et skjønnsmessig litteraturutvalg og forfatternes egne kliniske erfaringer.

• Sundhagen, Henriette Pisani; Opheim, Ane Kristine Bøyum; Wæhre, Anne; Oliver, Nina Kristine & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2023). Chest Wall Contouring in Transgender Men: A 20-Year Experience from a National Center. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 11(4). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004952. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Several western countries have experienced a drastic increase of referrals to specialist gender services of transgender and gender-diverse people. Chest wall contouring is an important element in treatment of gender dysphoria. National data concerning this group have yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the techniques and surgical outcome of chest wall contouring from the last 20 years from a single center in Norway. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of all female-to-male patients who underwent chest wall contouring surgery at Oslo University Hospital between 2000 and 2020. Statistical analysis with comparison of techniques and evaluation of development over time was examined. Results: In total, 333 patients underwent bilateral chest wall contouring, 209 (62.8%) with inframammary incision with free nipple graft (IM), and 124 (37.2%) with periareolar technique (PA). In 20 years, the average age decreased from 31 (19–68) to 24.9 years (17–61). Average body mass index was significantly lower in the PA-group than in the IM-group. Complication rate was 20.7%, with postoperative bleeding being the most frequent (9.6%). Revision surgery was required in 24.9% of the cases; periareolar technique required significantly more procedures. Conclusions: The number of patients referred and operated on has increased drastically over a 20-year period. When comparing the techniques, the outcome concerning complications and revisions is at an acceptable level. Postoperative bleeding and revision surgery occur more often with the periareolar technique. There remains a knowledge gap concerning quality of life and satisfaction after surgery within this patient group.

• Sandberg, Lars Johan Marcus; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Kloster-Jensen, Kristine; Reece, Gregory & Selber, Jesse Creed (2023). Brassiere Cup Size Agreement between Patients and Plastic Surgeons: Do Surgeons and Patients Speak the Same Size Language? Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 11(6). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005046. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Patients undergoing plastic surgery of the breasts often communicate their size expectations as a brassiere cup size. However, multiple factors may cause a miscommunication between the surgeon and patient when brassiere cup size is used as a measure of results. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between disclosed and estimated brassiere cup size and also interrater agreement. Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) scans of 32 subjects were evaluated by 10 plastic surgeons estimating cup size using the American brassiere system. The surgeons were blinded to all parameters, including the 3D surface software-derived volume measures of the Vectra scan. The 3D scans of the anterior torsos were viewed. The plastic surgeons' estimations were compared with the cup sizes stated by the subjects (disclosed cup size), using simple and weighted Kappa statistics. Results: Agreement between the estimated and disclosed brassiere sizes was only slight (0.1479 ± 0.0605) using a simple Kappa analysis. Even when a Fleiss-Cohen-weighted comparison was used, only moderate agreement (0.6231 ± 0.0589) was found. The interrater agreement intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.705. Rater accuracy varied. The percentage of time spent in cosmetic practice and gender were not significantly correlated with accuracy. Conclusions: Agreement between cup size disclosed by subjects and estimates by plastic surgeons was low. A miscommunication between the surgeon and patient may occur when using brassiere sizes to communicate wishes and estimates in procedures that involve changes in breast volume.

• Lindberg, Nina Kristine Ellefsen; Kynø, Nina M; Feragen, Kristin Judith Billaud; Pripp, Are Hugo & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2023). Early Follow-up of Parents by a Specialized Cleft Nurse After the Birth of an Infant with Cleft lip and/or Palate. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. ISSN 1055-6656. doi: 10.1177/10556656231171750. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: To document the impact of early follow-up by specialized cleft nurses (SCNs) to families of infants with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P). Design: Prospective inclusion of a control group, which received standard care alone, followed by an intervention group, which in addition received early SCN follow-up. Setting: The cleft lip and palate team at a University hospital. Participants: 70 families (69 mothers and 57 fathers); control group (n = 38); intervention group (n = 32). Intervention: SCNs offered a consultation at the maternity ward and follow-ups by phone or face-to-face at one, three, eight weeks and six months after birth. Outcome measures: Use of Internet-Questionnaire, Quality of discharge teaching scale (QDTS), Post discharge coping difficulty scale (PDCDS), Response on follow-up by health professionals. Results: Infants in the intervention group were admitted less frequently to a Neonatal Intensive Care unit (NICU); 21.9% vs 51.4%, P = .012. Parents in the intervention group used internet for cleft-related reasons less frequently (74.6% vs 85.9%), P = .112 and the mothers benefitted less from cleft-related activity on the internet (P = .013). The intervention group reported higher mean score for satisfaction with total cleft care (P = .001). There were no significant group differences regarding mean total score for discharge teaching (P = .315) and coping difficulties (P = .919). Conclusion: Early follow-up by a SCN with expertise in cleft care is highly valued by parents. Closer cooperation between the cleft team and health professionals at birth hospitals and Child health centers is necessary for optimal follow-up.

• Hynnekleiv, Leif; Magnø, Morten Schjerven; Moschowits, Emily; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Vehof, Jelle & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2023). A comparison between hyaluronic acid and other single ingredient eye drops for dry eye, a review. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 102(1), p. 25–37. doi: 10.1111/aos.15675. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that has a long history as a safe and effective DED treatment. HA is frequently used as a comparator when assessing other topical DED treatments. This study aims to summarise and critically evaluate the literature describing all isolated active ingredients that have been directly compared with HA in the treatment of DED. A literature search was conducted in Embase using Ovid on the 24th of August 2021 and in PubMed including MEDLINE on the 20th of September 2021. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, 21 of which were randomised controlled trials. Seventeen different ingredients representing six treatment categories were compared with HA treatment. Most measures showed no significant difference between treatments, suggesting either equivalency of treatments or that studies were underpowered. Only two ingredients were represented in more than two studies; carboxymethyl cellulose treatment appears equivalent to HA treatment, while Diquafosol treatment appears superior to HA treatment. Drop-frequency varied from one to eight drops daily. No single study explained the choice of drop frequency. Nine studies used a HA concentration of 0.1% which may be below therapeutic levels. Nine studies reported using preserved formulations, six of them with differences in preservatives between the compared groups. Thirteen studies were financially linked to industry. No major complications were reported. Studies were not designed to find differences in treatment effects for different types or severities of DED. HA is a good comparator treatment when assessing other DED treatments, although consensus after decades of use is still lacking for best choice of concentration, molecular weight and drop tonicity. Well-designed studies are needed to determine an evidence-based standard for HA treatment to be used as comparator.

• Hynnekleiv, Leif; Magnø, Morten Scherven; Vernhardsdottir, Ragnheidur Ravnaas; Moschowits, Emily; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Dartt, Darlene Ann [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of dry eye disease. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 100(8), p. 844–860. doi: 10.1111/aos.15159. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition affecting several hundred million people worldwide. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan commonly used in the treatment of DED. This review aims to critically evaluate the literature on the safety and efficacy of artificial tears containing HA used in DED treatment. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, including MEDLINE, and in Embase via Ovid with the search term: “(hyaluronic acid OR hyaluronan OR hyaluronate) AND (dry eye OR sicca)”. A total of 53 clinical trials are included in this review, including eight placebo-controlled trials. Hyaluronic acid concentrations ranged from 0.1% to 0.4%. Studies lasted up to 3 months. A broad spectrum of DED types and severities was represented in the reviewed literature. No major complications or adverse events were reported. Artificial tears containing 0.1% to 0.4% HA were effective at improving both signs and symptoms of DED. Two major gaps in the literature have been identified: 1. no study investigated the ideal drop frequency for HA-containing eyedrops, and 2. insufficient evidence was presented to recommend any specific HA formulation over another. Future investigations assessing the optimal drop frequency for different concentrations and molecular weights of HA, different drop formulations, including tonicity, and accounting for DED severity and aetiology are essential for an evidence-based, individualized approach to DED treatment.

• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Byholt, Martin; Fiabema, Tammy; Sylvester-Jensen, Hans Chr & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2022). Skin grafting. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(8), p. 1–7. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0671. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandberg, Lars Johan Marcus; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Kloster-Jensen, Kristine; Liu, Jun; Reece, Gregory & Halle, Martin [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Beyond the 21-cm Notch-To-nipple Myth: Golden Proportions in Breast Aesthetics. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 9(10), p. E3826–E3826. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003826. Full text in Research Archive
• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Jackson, Catherine Joan; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Eidet, Jon Roger (2021). Concise Review: Considering Optimal Temperature for Short-Term Storage of Epithelial Cells. Frontiers in Medicine. 8. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.686774. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Transplantation of novel tissue-engineered products using cultured epithelial cells is gaining significant interest. While such treatments can readily be provided at centralized medical centers, delivery to patients at geographically remote locations requires the establishment of suitable storage protocols. One important aspect of storage technology is temperature. This paper reviews storage temperature for above-freezing point storage of human epithelial cells for regenerative medicine purposes. The literature search uncovered publications on epidermal cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, conjunctival epithelial cells, corneal/limbal epithelial cells, oral keratinocytes, and seminiferous epithelial cells. The following general patterns were noted: (1) Several studies across different cell types inclined toward 4 and 16°C being suitable short-term storage temperatures. Correspondingly, almost all studies investigating 37°C concluded that this storage temperature was suboptimal. (2) Cell death typically escalates rapidly following 7–10 days of storage. (3) The importance of the type of storage medium and its composition was highlighted by some of the studies; however, the relative importance of storage medium vs. storage temperature has not been investigated systematically. Although a direct comparison between the included investigations is not reasonable due to differences in cell types, storage media, and storage duration, this review provides an overview, summarizing the work carried out on each cell type during the past two decades.

• Sandberg, Lars Johan Marcus; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Kloster-Jensen, Kristine; Liu, Jun; Robe, Charee & Reece, Gregory [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2020). An Aesthetic Factor Priority List of the Female Breast in Scandinavian Subjects. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 8(10). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003173. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: There is little consensus about the relative determinative value of each individual factor in female breast aesthetics. When performing breast surgery with an aesthetic goal, certain factors will be more important than others. The purpose of this study was to make an aesthetic factor rank list to determine the relative contributions to overall breast aesthetics. Method: Volunteers were scanned using the 3-dimensional Vectra system. Ten Scandinavian plastic surgeons rated 37 subjects, using a validated scoring system with 49 scoring items. The correlation between specific aesthetic factors and overall breast aesthetic scores of the subjects were calculated using Pearson's r, Spearman's ρ, and Kendall's τ. Results: A very strong correlation was found between overall breast aesthetic score and lower pole shape (0.876, P

• Ringstad, Håkon; Reppe, Sjur; Schøyen, Tine Hiorth; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Utheim, Tor Paaske & Jackson, Catherine (2020). Stem cell function is conserved during short-term storage of cultured epidermal cell sheets at 12°C. PLOS ONE. 15(5), p. 1–20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232270. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Transplantation of cultured epidermal cell sheets (CES) can be life-saving for patients with large area burns. CES have also been successfully used to regenerate eye and urethral epithelia in animal models. Short-term storage aims to extend the transplantation window, offers flexibility in timing surgery and allows testing of CES quality, phenotype and sterility. This study investigated extended CES storage and explored the effect of additional re-incubation recovery time following storage. The proliferative quality of stored confluent versus pre-confluent CES was also investigated using functional testing. CES were stored at 12°C and results compared to non-stored control CES. Investigation of timepoints during 15 days storage revealed that viability began to deteriorate by day 11 and was associated with increased lactate in the storage medium. The percentage of apoptotic cells also significantly increased by day 11. Flow cytometry analysis of integrin β1 expression and cell size indicated best retention of stem cells at 7 days of storage. Functional testing of pre-confluent and confluent cells following 7 days storage showed that pre-confluent cells responded well to 1-day re-incubation after storage; they became highly prolific, increasing in number by ~67%. Conversely, proliferation in stored confluent cells declined by ~50% with 1-day re-incubation. Pre-confluent stored CES also had far superior stem cell colony forming efficiency (CFE) performance compared to the confluent group. Re-incubation improved CFE in both groups, but the pre-confluent group again out-performed the confluent group with significantly more colonies. In conclusion, a maximum storage period of 7 days is recommended. Use of pre-confluent cells and one day recovery incubation greatly improves viability, colony-forming ability and proliferation of cells stored for 7 days at 12°C. Thus, these recommendations should be considered under culture and storage of high-quality CES for clinical use.

• Berg-knudsen, Tuva Berit; Ingvaldsen, Christoffer Aam; Mørk, Gro & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2020). Eksisjon av hudlesjoner. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 140(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0060. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Eksisjon av hudlesjoner gjøres regelmessig i allmennpraksis. Prosedyren er enkel, men riktig utførelse forutsetter kunnskap om hudanatomi og basalkirurgiske prinsipper. Denne artikkelen presenterer indikasjoner for eksisjon av hudlesjoner samt en anbefalt fremgangsmåte basert på klinisk erfaring og relevant litteratur. Fremgangsmåten kan brukes på både pigmenterte og ikke-pigmenterte lesjoner. Seboreiske keratoser omtales ikke (1). Artikkelens innhold er rettet mot primærhelsetjenesten.

• Jackson, Catherine; Pasovic, Lara; Ræder, Sten; Sehic, Amer; Roald, Borghild & Paz, Maria Fideliz de la [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Optisol-GS storage of cultured human limbal epithelial cells at ambient temperature Is superior to hypothermic storage. Current Eye Research. ISSN 0271-3683. 45(12), p. 1497–1503. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1770295. Full text in Research Archive
• Xiao, Jiaxin; Adil, Muhammed Yasin; Chen, Xiangjun; Utheim, Øygunn A.; Ræder, Sten & Tønseth, Kim Alexander [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Functional and Morphological Evaluation of Meibomian Glands in the Assessment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Subtype and Severity. American Journal of Ophthalmology. ISSN 0002-9394. 209, p. 160–167. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.09.005. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose To classify subtypes of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaluate the dependency of dry eye signs, symptoms, and parameters on MGD subtype. Design Cross-sectional study. Study Population: the right eyes of 447 patients with MGD of various subtypes and 20 healthy volunteers. Methods Patients were divided into 4 subtypes of MGD based on meibum expression, meibum quality, and MG loss on meibography images (meibograde of 0–6). Subtypes were patients with high meibum delivery (hypersecretory and nonobvious MGD) and those with low meibum delivery (hyposecretory and obstructive MGD). Additional clinical tests included tear film break-up time (TFBUT), ocular staining, osmolarity, Schirmer I, blink interval timing and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Results A total of 78 eyes had hypersecretory MGD; 49 eyes had nonobvious MGD; 66 eyes had hyposecretory MGD; and 254 eyes had obstructive MGD. Increased tear film osmolarity and lower TFBUT were found in the low-delivery groups; hyposecretory (P = 0.006, P = 0.016) and obstructive MGD (P = 0.008, P = 0.006) relative to high-delivery MGD (hypersecretory and nonobvious groups, respectively). Worse ocular symptoms and ocular staining were also found in low-delivery MGD groups than the high delivery MGD groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.006, respectively). Conclusions Patients with low-delivery MGD had worse dry eye parameters and ocular symptoms than those with high meibum delivery, indicating the pivotal role of meibum secretion in ocular surface health that should be targeted in MGD therapy. Furthermore, nonobvious MGD cannot be diagnosed using conventional dry eye tests and requires morphologic assessment of meibography images to confirm MG loss.

• Jackson, Catherine; Ernø, Inger Thea Myklebust; Ringstad, Håkon; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Dartt, Darlene Ann & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2019). Simple limbal epithelial transplantation: Current status and future perspectives: Concise review. Stem Cells Translational Medicine. ISSN 2157-6564. p. 1–13. doi: 10.1002/sctm.19-0203. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Damage to limbal stem cells as a result of injury or disease can lead to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). This disease is characterized by decreased vision that is often painful and may progress to blindness. Clinical features include inflammation, neovascularization, and persistent cornea epithelial defects. Successful strategies for treatment involve transplantation of grafts harvested from the limbus of the alternate healthy eye, called conjunctival‐limbal autograft (CLAU) and transplantation of limbal cell sheets cultured from limbal biopsies, termed cultured limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET). In 2012, Sangwan and colleagues presented simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET), a novel transplantation technique that combines the benefits of CLAU and CLET and avoids the challenges associated with both. In SLET a small biopsy from the limbus of the healthy eye is divided and distributed over human amniotic membrane, which is placed on the affected cornea. Outgrowth occurs from each small explant and a complete corneal epithelium is typically formed within 2 weeks. Advantages of SLET include reduced risk of iatrogenic LSCD occurring in the healthy cornea at harvest; direct transfer circumventing the need for cell culture; and the opportunity to perform biopsy harvest and transplantation in one operation. Success so far using SLET is comparable with CLAU and CLET. Of note, 336 of 404 (83%) operations using SLET resulted in restoration of the corneal epithelium, whereas visual acuity improved in 258 of the 373 (69%) reported cases. This review summarizes the results of 31 studies published on SLET since 2012. Progress, advantages, challenges, and suggestions for future studies are presented.

• Skraastad, Bendixen Berit; Knudsen, Cathrine Wold; Jackson, Catherine; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Pripp, Are Hugo & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2019). Quality of life, patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome after delayed breast reconstruction using DIEP flap: a 10 years' follow-up survey. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 2000-656X. 53(2), p. 119–124. doi: 10.1080/2000656X.2018.1562459. Full text in Research Archive
• Impieri, Davide; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Hide, Øydis; Feragen, Kristin Judith Billaud; Høgevold, Hans Erik & Filip, Charles (2019). Autologous fat transplantation to the velopharynx for treating mild velopharyngeal insufficiency: A 10-year experience. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. ISSN 1748-6815. 72(8), p. 1403–1410. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.03.040. Full text in Research Archive
• Moberg, Ingvild; Bredal, Inger Schou; Schneider, Michael; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Schlichting, Ellen (2018). Complications, risk factors, and patients-reported outcomes after skin-sparing mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction in women with BRCA mutations. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 2000-656X. 52(4), p. 234–239. doi: 10.1080/2000656X.2018.1470093. Full text in Research Archive
• Lång, Emma Helena; Polec, Anna; Lång, Anna Ulrika; Valk, Marijke; Blicher, Pernille & Rowe, Alexander D. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Coordinated collective migration and asymmetric cell division in confluent human keratinocytes without wounding. Nature Communications. 9(1), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05578-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Epithelial sheet spreading is a fundamental cellular process that must be coordinated with cell division and differentiation to restore tissue integrity. Here we use consecutive serum deprivation and re-stimulation to reconstruct biphasic collective migration and proliferation in cultured sheets of human keratinocytes. In this system, a burst of long-range coordinated locomotion is rapidly generated throughout the cell sheet in the absence of wound edges. Migrating cohorts reach correlation lengths of several millimeters and display dependencies on epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling, self-propelled polarized migration, and a G1/G0 cell cycle environment. The migration phase is temporally and spatially aligned with polarized cell divisions characterized by pre-mitotic nuclear migration to the cell front and asymmetric partitioning of nuclear promyelocytic leukemia bodies and lysosomes to opposite daughter cells. This study investigates underlying mechanisms contributing to the stark contrast between cells in a static quiescent state compared to the long-range coordinated collective migration seen in contact with blood serum.

• Reppe, Sjur; Jackson, Catherine; Ringstad, Håkon; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Bakke, Hege Gilbø & Eidet, Jon Roger [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). High Throughput Screening of Additives Using Factorial Design to Promote Survival of Stored Cultured Epithelial Sheets. Stem Cells International. ISSN 1687-966X. doi: 10.1155/2018/6545876. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  There is a need to optimize storage conditions to preserve cell characteristics during transport of cultured cell sheets from specialized culture units to distant hospitals. In this study, we aimed to explore a method to identify additives that diminish the decrease in the viability of stored undifferentiated epidermal cells using multifactorial design and an automated screening procedure. The cultured cells were stored for 7–11 days at 12°C in media supplemented with various additives. Effects were evaluated by calcein staining of live cells as well as morphology. Twenty-six additives were tested using (1) a two-level factorial design in which 10 additives were added or omitted in 64 different combinations and (2) a mixture design with 5 additives at 5 different concentrations in a total of 64 different mixtures. Automated microscopy and cell counting with Fiji enabled efficient processing of data. Significant regression models were identified by Design-Expert software. A calculated maximum increase of live cells to 37 ± 6% was achieved upon storage of cell sheets for 11 days in the presence of 6% glycerol. The beneficial effect of glycerol was shown for epidermal cell sheets from three different donors in two different storage media and with two different factorial designs. We have thus developed a high throughput screening system enabling robust assessment of live cells and identified glycerol as a beneficial additive that has a positive effect on epidermal cell sheet upon storage at 12°C. We believe this method could be of use in other cell culture optimization strategies where a large number of conditions are compared for their effect on cell viability or other quantifiable dependent variables.

• Impieri, Davide; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Hide, Øydis; Brinck, Eli Lisbeth; Høgevold, Hans Erik & Filip, Charles (2018). Impact of orthognathic surgery on velopharyngeal function by evaluating speech and cephalometric radiographs. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. ISSN 1748-6815. 71(12), p. 1786–1795. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2018.07.018. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosa-Carrillo, Daniel de la; Vindenes, Harald Bjarte; Kinsler, Veronica A; Rønnestad, Arild Erlend; Ringstad, Geir & Müller, Lil-Sofie Ording [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Aggressive melanoma in an infant with congenital melanocytic nevus syndrome and multiple, NRAS and BRAF mutation-negative nodules. Pediatric dermatology. ISSN 0736-8046. 35(5), p. e281–e285. doi: 10.1111/pde.13595. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We report the case of a newborn boy with multinodular NRAS- and BRAF-mutation negative congenital melanocytic nevi and cerebral lesions compatible with congenital intraparenchymal melanosis. Histopathology from skin lesions showed atypical nodular melanocytic proliferation with marked melanocytic atypia and a high number of mitoses and apoptosis, indicating aggressive proliferation. The child developed several new subcutaneous tumors and multiple internal lesions, which were confirmed to be metastases, and died five months old. This case may represent an infantile melanoma developing from a giant congenital melanocytic nevus, or a congenital melanoma.

• Ingvaldsen, Christoffer Aam; Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2018). DIEAP Flap Patients Equally as Satisfied with the Abdomen as Abdominoplasty Patients. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 6(8). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001876. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The dermolipectomy of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap procedure is designed to give an end result as seen with abdominoplasty (AP). Several steps of an AP are, however, not routinely performed. This study compared the patient-reported outcomes between these 2 procedures with an emphasis on the abdomen. Methods: Thirty-four patients reconstructed with a DIEAP flap (DIEAP group), and 30 patients with an AP (AP group) were asked to complete 2 study-specific questionnaires. The first questionnaire covered abdominal outcomes, whereas the second was concerned with general outcomes. Results: The DIEAP group was significantly older compared with the AP group. Eighty-five percentage of the DIEAP group and 66 % of the AP group answered the questionnaires. Postoperatively, the DIEAP group was significantly more satisfied with their bodies when dressed (P = 0.009), and there was a trend of DIEAP patients being more satisfied with the appearance of the abdomen (P = 0.085). No significant difference was found comparing outcomes concerning umbilicus, muscle function, pain, scarring, and contour. The DIEAP group was more worried about their health than the AP group postoperatively (P = 0.044). AP patients had a significantly more altered body image (P = 0.016) and increased sexual desire (P = 0.003) than DIEAP patients. There was no significant difference regarding changes in self-image, social relationships, being naked with partner, and overall satisfaction. Conclusion: DIEAP flap patients were equally as satisfied with the abdomen as AP patients.

• Jackson, Catherine; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2017). Cultured epidermal stem cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Research & Therapy. 8:155, p. 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0587-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Transplantation of cultured epidermal cell sheets (CES) has long been used to treat patients with burns, chronic wounds, and stable vitiligo. In patients with large area burns this can be a life-saving procedure. The ultimate goal, however, is to restore all normal functions of the skin and prevent scar formation. Increased focus on the incorporation of epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) within CES transplants may ultimately prove to be key to achieving this. Transplanted EpiSCs contribute to restoring the complete epidermis and provide long-term renewal. Maintenance of the regenerative potential of EpiSCs is anchorage-dependent. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides physical cues that are interpreted by EpiSCs and reciprocal signaling between cells and ECM are integrated to determine cell fate. Thus, the carrier scaffold chosen for culture and transplant influences maintenance of EpiSC phenotype and may enhance or detract from regenerative healing following transfer. Long-term effectiveness and safety of genetically modified EpiSCs to correct the severe skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa has been shown clinically. Furthermore, skin is gaining interest as an easily accessible source of adult epithelial stem cells potentially useful for restoration of other types of epithelia. This review highlights the role of EpiSCs in the current treatment of skin injury and disease, as well as their potential in novel regenerative medicine applications involving other epithelia.

• Impieri, Davide; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Hide, Øydis; Feragen, Kristin Judith Billaud; Høgevold, Hans Erik & Filip, Charles (2017). Change in quality of life after treatment of mild velopharyngeal insufficiency with autologous fat transplantation. JPRAS Open. ISSN 2352-5878. 13, p. 126–135. doi: 10.1016/j.jpra.2017.05.003. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Sneistrup, Christian & Berg, Thomas Moe (2017). Prostaglandine E1 increases microcirculation in random pattern flaps on rats measured with laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 5, p. 1202–1202. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001202. Full text in Research Archive
• Ingvaldsen, Christoffer; Bosse, Gerhard; Mynarek, Georg; Berg, Thomas Moe; Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2017). Donor-site morbidity after DIEAP flap breast reconstruction – a two year postoperative computed tomography comparison. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 5:e1405, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001405. Full text in Research Archive
• Ingvaldsen, Christoffer & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2017). Auricular heamatoma. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 137, p. 105–107. Full text in Research Archive
• Jackson, Catherine; Reppe, Sjur; Eidet, Jon Roger; Eide, Lars; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Bergersen, Linda Hildegard [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Optimization of storage temperature for Retention of Undifferentiated cell character of cultured human epidermal cell sheets. Scientific Reports. 7:8206, p. 1–14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08586-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Ingvaldsen, Christoffer & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2017). ?rehematom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 137(2), p. 105–107. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.1279. Full text in Research Archive
• Filip, Charles; Impieri, Davide; Aagenæs, Ingegerd; Breugem, Corstiaan C.; Høgevold, Hans Erik & Særvold, Tone [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome have a different velopharyngeal anatomy with predisposition to velopharyngeal insufficiency. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. ISSN 1748-6815. 71(4), p. 524–536. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.09.006. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: To find out if subjects with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) have a different velopharyngeal anatomy which could cause velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Methods: A prospective study of 16 subjects >16 years of age with 22q11.2 DS, without overt cleft palate and without previous VPI surgery, and 48 healthy controls >18 years of age were included in the study. Speech was recorded and scored blindly by two independent senior speech therapists. All 64 individuals had MRI scans, which were analyzed blindly by a consultant radiologist. Results: Subjects with 22q11.2 DS had a mild degree of weak pressure consonants (mean score); borderline to mild degree of hypernasality and audible nasal emission (mean score). All controls had normal speech. When comparing subjects (22q11.2 DS) to controls, we found the subjects to have the following: A shorter distance between left and right points of origin of the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) (p < 0.0001); a more obtuse angle of origin of the LVP (bilaterally) (p < 0.009); a thinner LVP bilaterally and in the midline (p < 0.0001); a shorter LVP bilaterally (p < 0.0001); a shorter velum (p = 0.007); a larger osseous pharyngeal depth:velar length ratio (p = 0.01); a more obtuse anterior cranial base angle (nasion to sella to basion) (p < 0.0001) and posterior cranial base angle (sella to basion to foramen magnum) (p < 0.0001); a wider velopharyngeal width (p = 0.002) and a larger pharyngeal airway volume (p = 0.0007). Conclusion: Compared with healthy controls, adults with 22q11.2 DS showed a different velopharyngeal anatomy, which will make these individuals more prone to VPI.

• Eliasson, Jill Josefine; Weiss, Inanna; Høgevold, Hans Erik; Oliver, Nina Kristine; Andersen, Rune & Try, Kirsti [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). An 8-year population description from a national treatment centre on lymphatic malformations. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 2000-656X. 51(4), p. 280–285. doi: 10.1080/2000656X.2016.1254092. Full text in Research Archive
• Chiu, Kenneth; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Tindholdt, Tyge Tind (2016). Extravasation injuries. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(3), p. 233–235. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0230. Full text in Research Archive
• Ingvaldsen, Christoffer; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Pripp, Are Hugo & Tindholdt, Tyge Tind (2016). Microcirculatory evaluation of the abdominal skin in breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. 4(2). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000602. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: No studies have assessed the perfusion of the undermined abdominal skin in breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. A greater understanding of the procedure's impact on the perfusion of the abdominal skin can be valuable in predicting areas susceptible to necrosis. Methods: Microcirculatory changes were monitored in the abdominal skin of 20 consecutive patients undergoing breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. Quantitative mapping was performed with laser Doppler perfusion imaging at 7 set intervals. Measurements were taken and recorded within 4 standardized zones covering the skin between the xiphoid process and the upper incisional boundary of the flap (zones 1-4; cranial to caudal). Results: Before commencing surgery, a significantly higher perfusion was registered in zones 3 and 4 when compared with zone 1. After undermining the abdominal skin, the perfusion in zones 1-3 increased significantly. After the abdominal closure, the perfusion dropped in all 4 zones and only the perfusion level in zone 1 remained significantly higher than preoperative mean. Postoperatively, the perfusion of each zone stabilized at a significantly higher level compared with preoperative values. No tissue necrosis was observed in any of the zones. Conclusions: Although perforators are divided during undermining of the abdominal skin, there seems to be a reactive hyperemia that exceeds the blood supply delivered by the perforators. Thus, due to microcirculatory mechanisms, the undermining of the abdomen during the procedure does not seem to present any great risk of tissue necrosis.

• Jackson, Catherine; Eidet, Jon Roger; Reppe, Sjur; Aass, Hans Christian; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Roald, Borghild [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Effect of Storage Temperature on the Phenotype of Cultured Epidermal Cells Stored in Xenobiotic-Free Medium. Current Eye Research. ISSN 0271-3683. 41(6), p. 757–768. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1062113. Full text in Research Archive
• Rashidi, Mira; Esmaily, Sorosh; Fiane, Arnt E; Gude, Einar; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Ueland, Thor [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Wound complications and surgical events in de novo heart transplant patients treated with everolimus: Post-hoc analysis of the SCHEDULE trial. International Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0167-5273. 210, p. 80–84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.075. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Filip, Charles; Hermann, Robert; Vindenes, Harald Bjarte & Høgevold, Hans Erik (2015). Extraordinary large giant congenital melanocytic nevus treated with Integra dermal regeneration template. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open. p. 1–3. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000454. Full text in Research Archive
• Tronstad, Christian; Helsing, Per; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Grimnes, Sverre & Polesie, Anne Lene Krogstad (2014). Tumescent suction curettage vs. curettage only for treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis evaluated by subjective and new objective methods. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555. 94(2), p. 215–220. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1671. Full text in Research Archive
• Filip, Charles; Matzen, Per Michael; Aukner, Ragnhild; Moe, Marianne; Høgevold, Hans Erik & Åbyholm, Frank [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Superiorly Based Pharyngeal Flap for Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Patients With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print). ISSN 1049-2275. 24(2), p. 501–504. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31827c84f2. Full text in Research Archive
• Filip, Charles; Matzen, Per Michael; Aagenæs, Ingegerd; Aukner, Ragnhild; Kjøll, Lillian & Høgevold, Hans Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Autologous fat transplantation to the velopharynx for treating persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency of mild degree secondary to overt or submucous cleft palate. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. ISSN 1748-6815. 66(3), p. 337–344. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2012.11.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Andersen, Torgrim Salvesen; Pripp, Are Hugo & Karlsen, Hans Erik (2012). Forebyggende behandling mot brennmanetskader - en randomisert studie. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 132(12-13), p. 1446–1449. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.0652. Full text in Research Archive
• Tindholt, Tyge Tind; Saidian, Said & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2011). Microcirculatory evaluation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps with laser Doppler perfusion imaging in breast reconstruction. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 0284-4311. 45(3), p. 143–147. doi: 10.3109/2000656X.2011.579721. Full text in Research Archive
• Tindholdt, Tyge Tind; Saidian, Said; Pripp, Are Hugo & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2011). Monitoring Microcirculatory Changes in the Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap With Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging. Annals of Plastic Surgery. ISSN 0148-7043. 67(2), p. 139–142. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181f3e39b. Full text in Research Archive
• Knudsen, Cathrine Wold & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2011). Trykksår - forebygging og behandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. p. 464–467. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.1472. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn. Trykksår (decubitus) er en meget hyppig tilstand som forekommer hos 10 - 20 % av pasienter ved ulike helseinstitusjoner. Helsepersonell må ha god kjennskap til forebygging, vurdering og behandling av trykksår. Materiale og metode. Artikkelen er basert på et ikke-systematisk søk i Medline og Embase med bruk av aktuelle søkeord samt egne kliniske erfaringer. Resultater. Trykksår skyldes mekanisk trykk, strekk og/eller friksjon på hud og underliggende vev. Nevropati, dårlig ernæring, fuktig hud og infeksjon er risikofaktorer for utvikling av og opprettholdelse av sårdanningen. Forebyggende tiltak og behandling må rettes mot årsak og risikofaktorer. Trykksår graderes på en skala 0 - 4 avhengig av hvor dypt skaden strekker seg fra hud ned i det underliggende vevet. Overflatiske trykksår i hud og underhud behandles med konservativ sårbehandling, mens dypere trykksår som når ned til muskel og bein, må vurderes for operativ behandling. Fortolkning. Trykksår er en vanlig tilstand der trykkavlastning og reduksjon av risikofaktorer er viktig ved forebygging og behandling. Avhengig av sårets utbredelse i dypet kan man i tillegg velge konservativ sårbehandling eller kirurgi.

• Filip, Charles; Matzen, Per Michael; Aagenæs, Ingegerd; Aukner, Ragnhild; Kjøll, Lillian & Høgevold, Hans Erik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Speech and magnetic resonance imaging results following autologous fat transplantation to the velopharynx in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. ISSN 1055-6656. 48(6), p. 708–716. doi: 10.1597/09-161. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Bjark, Therese Halvorsen; Kratz, Gunnar; Gross, Annika; Kirschner, Rolf Steinar & Schreiner, Thomas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Kjønnskorrigerende kirurgi ved transseksualisme. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 130(4), p. 376–379. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0670. Full text in Research Archive
• Tolaas, Erlend; Knudsen, Cathrine Wold; Sviland, Lisbeth & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2009). Hidradinitis supportiva. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129, p. 992–996. Full text in Research Archive
• Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2009). Donor site sensitivity after breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. Annals of Plastic Surgery. ISSN 0148-7043. 63, p. 143–147. Full text in Research Archive
• Karlsen, Hans Erik; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Andersen, Torgrim Salvesen (2009). Brennmanetskader. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129(13-14), p. 1350–1350. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Hokland, Bjørn M.; Tindholdt, Tyge Tind; Åbyholm, Frank & Stavem, Knut (2008). Health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome after breast reconstruction using DIEP flap or expandable breast implant. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. ISSN 1748-6815. 1188(1194). Full text in Research Archive
• Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2008). Spontaneous reinnervation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps after secondary breast reconstruction. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 0284-4311. 42, p. 28–31. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Tindholdt, Tyge Tind; Hokland, Bjørn M. & Åbyholm, Frank (2007). Green urine after surgical treatment of pressure ulcer. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 0284-4311. 41, p. 39–41. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Tindholdt, Tyge Tind (2007). Skin vitality and wound strength in single and multiple based perforator flaps in an experimental rat model. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 0284-4311. 41, p. 1–5. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2007). Health damage after jellyfish stings. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 127, p. 1777–1778. Full text in Research Archive
• Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2007). Photodynamic therapy of facial basal cell carcinoma. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 127, p. 1928–1930. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Hokland, Bjørn M.; Tindholdt, Tyge Tind; Åbyholm, Frank & Stavem, Knut (2007). Patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 0284-4311. 41, p. 173–177. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Tindholdt, Tyge Tind (2007). Microcirculation in single and multiple based perforator flaps in an experimental rat model. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. ISSN 0284-4311. 41, p. 49–52. Full text in Research Archive
• Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2007). Breast reconstruction with thigh flap. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 127, p. 1948–1949. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Tindholdt, Tyge Tind; Haga, Mette; Hokland, Bjørn M. & Åbyholm, Frank (2006). Free SIEA-flap transposition in a rat model with preservation of the limb circulation. European journal of plastic surgery. ISSN 0930-343X. 29, p. 123–126. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Egge, Tor Skatvedt; Kolbenstvedt, Alf & Hedlund, Hans Eric Magnus (2006). Evaluation of patients after treatment of arterial priapism with selective micro-embolization. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. ISSN 0036-5599. 40, p. 49–52. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Stubberud, Kjetil; Bjærke, Tomm; Bjark, Therese Halvorsen; Bentsen, Gunnar & Hetland, Sidsel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2005). A six-year-old girl with dyspnea following tracheocutaneous fistula repair. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 125, p. 1184–1186. Full text in Research Archive
• Tindholdt, Tyge Tind; MESIC, HARIS & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2005). 40 years of silicone breast implants. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 125, p. 739–741. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Wever, Dirk Jan (2005). Brace treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 125, p. 170–172. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Schultz, Alexander; Talseth, Trygve & Hedlund, Hans Eric Magnus (2005). Treatment of erectile dysfunction with penile implants. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 125, p. 1825–1827. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Günther, Anne; Braband, Knut & Hokland, Bjørn M. (2005). Ultrasonografic evaluation of the rectus abdominis muscle after breast reconstruction with DIEP-flap. Annals of Plastic Surgery. ISSN 0148-7043. 54, p. 483–486. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Stubberud, Kjetil (2004). Brystproteser og radiologi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 124, p. 1422–1422. Full text in Research Archive

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• Tindholdt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2015). Microcirculatory evaluation of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap with laser Doppler perfusion imaging in breast reconstruction. Springer. ISBN 9783319187259. 7 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Tindholdt, Tyge Tind (2015). Breast reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap. Springer. ISBN 9783319187259. 7 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Koidl, Amelia & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2023). Suturmaterialer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0708. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Suturmaterialer er av avgjørende betydning for de fleste kirurgiske inngrep, og kunnskap om disse er nyttig for enhver lege. I denne kliniske oversikten gis en innføring i de vanligste suturmaterialene og deres egenskaper. Avslutningsvis presenteres nye trender innen suturteknologi.

• Gjersvik, Petter; Roscher, Ingrid; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2022). Keratinocyttkarsinom - ikke non-melanom-hudkreft. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(4). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0051. Full text in Research Archive
• Khan, Ayyad Ahmad Zartasht; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Jackson, Catherine Joan; Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Eidet, Jon Roger (2021). Corrigendum: Concise Review: Considering Optimal Temperature for Short-Term Storage of Epithelial Cells (Front. Med., (2021), 8, (686774), 10.3389/fmed.2021.686774). Frontiers in Medicine. 8. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.775351. Full text in Research Archive
• Reppe, Sjur; Jackson, Catherine; Ringstad, Håkon; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Bakke, Hege Gilbø & Eidet, Jon Roger [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Factorial design in regenerative medicine–high throughput screening of additives to promote survival of stored undifferentiated epidermal cells. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. 59(9), p. 3865–3865. Full text in Research Archive
• Reppe, Sjur; Jackson, Catherine; Ringstad, Håkon; Tønseth, Kim Alexander; Bakke, Hege Gilbø & Eidet, Jon Roger [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Factorial design in regenerative medicine–high throughput screening of additives to promote survival of stored undifferentiated epidermal cells. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjersvik, Petter; Roscher, Ingrid & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2015). P. Gjersvik og medarbeidere svarer:. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 135(2), p. 106–106. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1581. Full text in Research Archive
• Jackson, Catherine; Eidet, Jon Roger; Reppe, Sjur; Eide, Lars; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Bergersen, Linda Hildegard [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Storage of cultured skin cell sheets for treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. Full text in Research Archive
• Jackson, Catherine; Eidet, Jon Roger; Tønseth, Kim Aleksander; Eide, Lars; Messelt, Edward B. & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2015). 12oC is the Optimal Storage Temperature for Retention of Viability and Undifferentiated Cell Character of Cultured Epidermal Cells. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2014). Bookreview; Microtia and Atresia. Combined Approach by Plastic and Otologic Surgery Editor: Kaga K, Asato H). Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134, p. 859–859. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjersvik, Petter; Rocher, Ingrid & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2014). Boat-shaped, elliptical or fusiform skin excision? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134, p. 2178–2178. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2013). Bookreview; Dermatologic Surgery (Editor: Nouri K). Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 133, p. 1478–1478. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Bjark, Therese Halvorsen (2012). Genital kjønnskonvertering fra kvinne til mann. Kirurgen. ISSN 1504-8888. 1, p. 24–25. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2012). Bookreview; Plastikkirurgi – en guide (Editor: Hasanbegovic E, Jønson B). Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 132, p. 556–556. Full text in Research Archive
• Diseth, Trond H; Haraldsen, Ira Hebold; Schreiner, Thomas & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2010). Udokumenterte påstander om GID-klinikken. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 130(10), p. 1014–1014. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2009). Vurdering og behandling av tumor på hånd. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129, p. 1670–1671. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindberg, Nina Kristine Ellefsen & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2026). The first year with an infant with cleft lip and palate – Parents’ perspectives, infant feeding and well-being and the contributions of nurses and health professionals. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788234808838. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The birth of a child with cleft lip and palate may cause uncertainty and concerns for parents. Although multidisciplinary cleft care in Norway is highly regarded and readily accessible, the parents may still face challenges particularly related to infant feeding. The aims of the thesis were to describe mothers’ experiences of feeding their infants and to explore the impact of early follow-up care provided by specialized nurses. A mixed-method design was used. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with mothers, while quantitative data were used to compare outcomes between parents who received early follow-up care and those who received standard care. Outcomes included satisfaction with care, parental stress and coping, and aspects of infant feeding. Mothers reported a considerable need for support until feeding became manageable. They described inconsistent information from healthcare professionals and varied experiences with breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, and perceptions of “doing their best” as a mother. Support from fathers, family members, and healthcare professionals was important for coping with the challenges. Parents who received early follow-up care from a specialized nurse were more satisfied with the overall cleft care they received. Their infants had fewer neonatal care admissions, were less likely to use pacifiers, and mothers reported less need to seek cleft-related information online after birth. Approximately one quarter of parents reported feeding difficulties during the first month and infants received less breast milk than infants in the general Norwegian population. Parental stress and coping were generally within normal ranges, with only minor differences between groups. Overall, the findings underscore the value of early follow-up care provided by specialized professionals in providing families affected by cleft lip and palate with consistent information, emotional support and practical assistance with infant feeding after birth.

• Tindholt, Tyge Tind & Tønseth, Kim Aleksander (2013). Microcirculation and reinnervation in breast reconstruction using deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788282642484. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Bruun, Trond (2012). Nekrotiserende bløtdelsinfeksjoner. Nasjonale faglige retningslinjer for antibiotikabruk i sykehus 2012. Helsedirektoratet. Full text in Research Archive
• Bruun, Trond & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2012). Postoperative sårinfeksjoner. Nasjonale faglige retningslinjer for antibiotikabruk i sykehus 2012. Helsedirektoratet. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2012). Antibiotikaprofylakse ved plastikkirurgi. Nasjonale faglige retningslinjer for antibiotikabruk i sykehus 2012. Helsedirektoratet. Full text in Research Archive
• Løge, Ingard & Tønseth, Kim Alexander (2008). Bittskader og infeksjon. I: Antibiotikaveilederen for allmennpraksis. Helsedirektoratet. ISSN 9788280811127. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Løge, Ingard (2008). Brannskader og infeksjon. I: Antibiotikaveilederen for allmennpraksis. Helsedirektoratet. ISSN 9788280811127. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Alexander & Løge, Ingard (2008). Nekrotiserende bløtvevsinfeksjoner. I: Antibiotikaveilederen for allmennpraksis. Helsedirektoratet. ISSN 9788280811127. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønseth, Kim Aleksander & Åbyholm, Frank (2008). Abdominal perforator flaps. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788280727305. Full text in Research Archive

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