rolfkaar

• Fjørtoft, Marit Otterlei; Garred, Øystein; Lingjærde, Ole Christian; Johannesen, Karin Teien; Ottestad, Lars & Bergheim, Inger Riise [Show all 29 contributors for this article] (2025). Single-cell analysis reveals tumour size as a key driver of immune cell profile alterations in primary breast tumours and corresponding lymph nodes. BJC Reports. 3(1). doi: 10.1038/s44276-025-00152-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  At diagnosis, 30–40% of women with breast cancer have metastases in sentinel (SN) or axillary lymph nodes (ALN). Nodal status is a strong prognostic factor and guides treatment decisions. Immune checkpoint inhibition has shown some efficacy, which can increase in the neoadjuvant setting. A better understanding of how tumour cells in primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes shape the local immune microenvironment may provide clues for more individualized therapeutic interventions. Methods We conducted deep immunophenotypic analysis of 29 primary breast tumours and 36 lymph nodes from 38 patients with primary operable breast cancer. Results The immune profile of the primary tumour was not predictive of the lymph node immune profile or metastatic status. Primary tumours showed prominent CD8 T cell exhaustion and activated regulatory T cells, and the frequencies of these subsets were associated with tumour size. The immune cell profile in lymph nodes were different from the profile in primary tumours, except for the ALN+ nodes, which displayed a T-cell profile more similar to primary tumours. The frequencies of the T cell subsets in lymph nodeswere associated with metastatic size. Tumour cells from smaller metastases exhibited a distinct phenotype compared to those from larger tumour deposits, and the size of the tumour cell deposit impacted the local immune cell composition. Conclusion The tumour size of primary tumours and metastatic size in lymph nodes are the main drivers of changes in immune cell composition

• Zanti, Maria; O'Mahony, Denise; Parsons, Michael T.; Dorling, Leila; Dennis, Joe & Boddicker, Nicholas J. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2025). Analysis of more than 400,000 women provides case-control evidence for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant classification. Nature Communications. 16(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59979-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Clinical genetic testing identifies variants causal for hereditary cancer, information that is used for risk assessment and clinical management. Unfortunately, some variants identified are of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), complicating patient management. Case-control data is one evidence type used to classify VUS. As an initiative of the Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles (ENIGMA) Analytical Working Group we analyze germline sequencing data of BRCA1 and BRCA2 from 96,691 female breast cancer cases and 302,116 controls from three studies: the BRIDGES study of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility consortium, and the UK Biobank. We observe 11,207 BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, with 6909 being coding, covering 23.4% of BRCA1 and BRCA2 VUS in ClinVar and 19.2% of ClinVar curated (likely) benign or pathogenic variants. Case-control likelihood ratio (ccLR) evidence is highly consistent with ClinVar assertions for (likely) benign or pathogenic variants; exhibiting 99.1% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity for BRCA1 and 93.3% sensitivity and 86.6% specificity for BRCA2. This approach provides case-control evidence for 787 unclassified variants; these include 579 with strong or moderate benign evidence and 10 with strong pathogenic evidence for which ccLR evidence is sufficient to alter clinical classification.

• Sharma, Abhibhav; Debik, Julia; Naume, Bjørn; Ohnstad, Hege Oma; Sahlberg, Guro Kristine Kleivi & Borgen, Elin [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2024). Comprehensive multi-omics analysis of breast cancer reveals distinct long-term prognostic subtypes. Oncogenesis. 13(1), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41389-024-00521-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The diverse nature and heterogeneous biology of BC pose challenges for survival prediction, as patients with similar diagnoses often respond differently to treatment. Clinically relevant BC intrinsic subtypes have been established through gene expression profiling and are implemented in the clinic. While these intrinsic subtypes show a significant association with clinical outcomes, their long-term survival prediction beyond 5 years often deviates from expected clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify naturally occurring long-term prognostic subgroups of BC based on an integrated multi-omics analysis. This study incorporates a clinical cohort of 335 untreated BC patients from the Oslo2 study with long-term follow-up (>12 years). Multi-Omics Factor Analysis (MOFA+) was employed to integrate transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data obtained from the tumor tissues. Our analysis revealed three prominent multi-omics clusters of BC patients with significantly different long-term prognoses (p = 0.005). The multi-omics clusters were validated in two independent large cohorts, METABRIC and TCGA. Importantly, a lack of prognostic association to long-term follow-up above 12 years in the previously established intrinsic subtypes was shown for these cohorts. Through a systems-biology approach, we identified varying enrichment levels of cell-cycle and immune-related pathways among the prognostic clusters. Integrated multi-omics analysis of BC revealed three distinct clusters with unique clinical and biological characteristics. Notably, these multi-omics clusters displayed robust associations with long-term survival, outperforming the established intrinsic subtypes.

• Kildal, Wanja; Cyll, Karolina Urszula; Kalsnes, Joakim; Islam, Rakibul; Julbø, Frida Marie Ihle & Pradhan, Manohar [Show all 35 contributors for this article] (2024). Deep learning for automated scoring of immunohistochemically stained tumour tissue sections – Validation across tumour types based on patient outcomes. Heliyon. 10(13), p. 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32529. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We aimed to develop deep learning (DL) models to detect protein expression in immunohistochemically (IHC) stained tissue-sections, and to compare their accuracy and performance with manually scored clinically relevant proteins in common cancer types. Five cancer patient cohorts (colon, two prostate, breast, and endometrial) were included. We developed separate DL models for scoring IHC-stained tissue-sections with nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membranous staining patterns. For training, we used images with annotations of cells with positive and negative staining from the colon cohort stained for Ki-67 and PMS2 (nuclear model), the prostate cohort 1 stained for PTEN (cytoplasmic model) and β-catenin (membranous model). The nuclear DL model was validated for MSH6 in the colon, MSH6 and PMS2 in the endometrium, Ki-67 and CyclinB1 in prostate, and oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the breast cancer cohorts. The cytoplasmic DL model was validated for PTEN and Mapre2, and the membranous DL model for CD44 and Flotillin1, all in prostate cohorts. When comparing the results of manual and DL scores in the validation sets, using manual scores as the ground truth, we observed an average correct classification rate of 91.5 % (76.9–98.5 %) for the nuclear model, 85.6 % (73.3–96.6 %) for the cytoplasmic model, and 78.4 % (75.5–84.3 %) for the membranous model. In survival analyses, manual and DL scores showed similar prognostic impact, with similar hazard ratios and p-values for all DL models. Our findings demonstrate that DL models offer a promising alternative to manual IHC scoring, providing efficiency and reproducibility across various data sources and markers.

• Yiangou, Kristia; Mavaddat, Nasim; Dennis, Joe; Zanti, Maria; Wang, Qin & Bolla, Manjeet K. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2024). Polygenic score distribution differences across European ancestry populations: implications for breast cancer risk prediction. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 26:189(1), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s13058-024-01947-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS313) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS313 across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed. Methods We explored the distribution of PRS313 across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank. The mean PRS was calculated by country in the BCAC dataset and by country of birth in the UK Biobank. We explored different approaches to reduce the observed heterogeneity in the mean PRS across the countries, and investigated the implications of the distribution variability in risk prediction. Results The mean PRS313 differed markedly across European countries, being highest in individuals from Greece and Italy and lowest in individuals from Ireland. Using the overall European PRS313 distribution to define risk categories, leads to overestimation and underestimation of risk in some individuals from these countries. Adjustment for principal components explained most of the observed heterogeneity in the mean PRS. The mean estimates derived when using an empirical Bayes approach were similar to the predicted means after principal component adjustment. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that PRS distribution differs even within European ancestry populations leading to underestimation or overestimation of risk in specific European countries, which could potentially influence clinical management of some individuals if is not appropriately accounted for. Population-specific PRS distributions may be used in breast cancer risk estimation to ensure predicted risks are correctly calibrated across risk categories.

• Figlioli, Gisella; Billaud, Amandine; Wang, Qin; Bolla, Manjeet K.; Dennis, Joe & Lush, Michael [Show all 96 contributors for this article] (2023). Spectrum and Frequency of Germline FANCM Protein-Truncating Variants in 44,803 European Female Breast Cancer Cases. Cancers. 15(13). doi: 10.3390/cancers15133313. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  FANCM germline protein truncating variants (PTVs) are moderate-risk factors for ER-negative breast cancer. We previously described the spectrum of FANCM PTVs in 114 European breast cancer cases. In the present, larger cohort, we report the spectrum and frequency of four common and 62 rare FANCM PTVs found in 274 carriers detected among 44,803 breast cancer cases. We confirmed that p.Gln1701* was the most common PTV in Northern Europe with lower frequencies in Southern Europe. In contrast, p.Gly1906Alafs*12 was the most common PTV in Southern Europe with decreasing frequencies in Central and Northern Europe. We verified that p.Arg658* was prevalent in Central Europe and had highest frequencies in Eastern Europe. We also confirmed that the fourth most common PTV, p.Gln498Thrfs*7, might be a founder variant from Lithuania. Based on the frequency distribution of the carriers of rare PTVs, we showed that the FANCM PTVs spectra in Southwestern and Central Europe were much more heterogeneous than those from Northeastern Europe. These findings will inform the development of more efficient FANCM genetic testing strategies for breast cancer cases from specific European populations.

• Levi, Hagai; Carmi, Shai; Rosset, Saharon; Yerushalmi, Rinat; Zick, Aviad & Yablonski-Peretz, Tamar [Show all 155 contributors for this article] (2023). Evaluation of European-based polygenic risk score for breast cancer in Ashkenazi Jewish women in Israel. Journal of Medical Genetics. ISSN 0022-2593. 60(12), p. 1186–1197. doi: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109185. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Polygenic risk score (PRS), calculated based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs), can improve breast cancer (BC) risk assessment. To date, most BC GWASs have been performed in individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalisation of EUR-based PRS to other populations is a major challenge. In this study, we examined the performance of EUR-based BC PRS models in Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) women. Methods We generated PRSs based on data on EUR women from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We tested the performance of the PRSs in a cohort of 2161 AJ women from Israel (1437 cases and 724 controls) from BCAC (BCAC cohort from Israel (BCAC-IL)). In addition, we tested the performance of these EUR-based BC PRSs, as well as the established 313-SNP EUR BC PRS, in an independent cohort of 181 AJ women from Hadassah Medical Center (HMC) in Israel. Results In the BCAC-IL cohort, the highest OR per 1 SD was 1.56 (±0.09). The OR for AJ women at the top 10% of the PRS distribution compared with the middle quintile was 2.10 (±0.24). In the HMC cohort, the OR per 1 SD of the EUR-based PRS that performed best in the BCAC-IL cohort was 1.58±0.27. The OR per 1 SD of the commonly used 313-SNP BC PRS was 1.64 (±0.28). Conclusions Extant EUR GWAS data can be used for generating PRSs that identify AJ women with markedly elevated risk of BC and therefore hold promise for improving BC risk assessment in AJ women.

• Mueller, Stefanie H.; Lai, Alvina G.; Valkovskaya, Maria; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Bolla, Manjeet K. & Wang, Qin [Show all 207 contributors for this article] (2023). Aggregation tests identify new gene associations with breast cancer in populations with diverse ancestry. Genome Medicine. 15(7). doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01152-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Low‐frequency variants play an important role in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Gene‐based meth‐ ods can increase power by combining multiple variants in the same gene and help identify target genes. Methods We evaluated the potential of gene‐based aggregation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium cohorts including 83,471 cases and 59,199 controls. Low‐frequency variants were aggregated for individual genes’ coding and regulatory regions. Association results in European ancestry samples were compared to single‐marker association results in the same cohort. Gene‐based associations were also combined in meta‐analysis across individu‐ als with European, Asian, African, and Latin American and Hispanic ancestry. Results In European ancestry samples, 14 genes were significantly associated (q < 0.05) with BC. Of those, two genes, FMNL3 (P = 6.11 × 10−6) and AC058822.1 (P = 1.47 × 10−4), represent new associations. High FMNL3 expression has previously been linked to poor prognosis in several other cancers. Meta‐analysis of samples with diverse ancestry discovered further associations including established candidate genes ESR1 and CBLB. Furthermore, literature review and database query found further support for a biologically plausible link with cancer for genes CBLB, FMNL3, FGFR2, LSP1, MAP3K1, and SRGAP2C. Conclusions Using extended gene‐based aggregation tests including coding and regulatory variation, we report identification of plausible target genes for previously identified single‐marker associations with BC as well as the discovery of novel genes implicated in BC development. Including multi ancestral cohorts in this study enabled the identification of otherwise missed disease associations as ESR1 (P = 1.31 × 10−5), demonstrating the importance of diversifying study cohorts.

• Skjerven, Helle; Myklebust, Even Moa; Korvald, Christian; Stubberud, Kjetil; Hovda, Tone & Porojnicu, Alina Carmen [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Long-term follow-up of complex oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery, standard breast conservation and skin-sparing mastectomy in DCIS - a register-based study. European Journal of Surgical Oncology. ISSN 0748-7983. 50(2). doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107938. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjernsholen, Jeanette; Schou-Bredal, Inger; Kåresen, Rolf; Søberg, Helene L. & Sagen, Aase (2023). A Prospective Intervention Study With 6 Months Follow-up of the Effect of Reablement in Home Dwelling Elderly: Patient-reported and Observed Outcomes. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation. doi: 10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100311. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjerven, Helle; Myklebust, Even Moa; Korvald, Christian; Porojnicu, Alina Carmen; Kåresen, Rolf & Hofvind, Solveig Sand-Hanssen [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Oncological outcomes after simple and skin-sparing mastectomy of ductal carcinoma in situ: A register-based cohort study of 576 Norwegian women. European Journal of Surgical Oncology. ISSN 0748-7983. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.11.594. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørklund, Sunniva; Aure, Miriam Ragle; Häkkinen, Jari; Vallon-Christersson, Johan; Kumar, Surendra & Evensen, Katrine Bull [Show all 34 contributors for this article] (2022). Subtype and cell type specific expression of lncRNAs provide insight into breast cancer. Communications Biology. 5(1), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03559-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in breast cancer pathogenesis through chromatin remodeling, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation. We report robust associations between lncRNA expression and breast cancer clinicopathological features in two population-based cohorts: SCAN-B and TCGA. Using co-expression analysis of lncRNAs with protein coding genes, we discovered three distinct clusters of lncRNAs. In silico cell type deconvolution coupled with single-cell RNA-seq analyses revealed that these three clusters were driven by cell type specific expression of lncRNAs. In one cluster lncRNAs were expressed by cancer cells and were mostly associated with the estrogen signaling pathways. In the two other clusters, lncRNAs were expressed either by immune cells or fibroblasts of the tumor microenvironment. To further investigate the cis-regulatory regions driving lncRNA expression in breast cancer, we identified subtype-specific transcription factor (TF) occupancy at lncRNA promoters. We also integrated lncRNA expression with DNA methylation data to identify long-range regulatory regions for lncRNA which were validated using ChiA-Pet-Pol2 loops. lncRNAs play an important role in shaping the gene regulatory landscape in breast cancer. We provide a detailed subtype and cell type-specific expression of lncRNA, which improves the understanding of underlying transcriptional regulation in breast cancer.

• Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C.; Lewis, Sarah; Martin, Richard M.; English, Dallas R.; Boyle, Terry & Giles, Graham G. [Show all 174 contributors for this article] (2022). Physical activity, sedentary time and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0306-3674. 56(20), p. 1157–1170. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105132. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are associated with higher breast cancer risk in observational studies, but ascribing causality is difficult. Mendelian randomisation (MR) assesses causality by simulating randomised trial groups using genotype. We assessed whether lifelong physical activity or sedentary time, assessed using genotype, may be causally associated with breast cancer risk overall, pre/post-menopause, and by case-groups defined by tumour characteristics. Methods We performed two-sample inverse-variance-weighted MR using individual-level Breast Cancer Association Consortium case-control data from 130 957 European-ancestry women (69 838 invasive cases), and published UK Biobank data (n=91 105–377 234). Genetic instruments were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated in UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer-measured overall physical activity (nsnps=5) or sedentary time (nsnps=6), or accelerometer-measured (nsnps=1) or self-reported (nsnps=5) vigorous physical activity. Results Greater genetically-predicted overall activity was associated with lower breast cancer overall risk (OR=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.83 per-standard deviation (SD;~8 milligravities acceleration)) and for most case-groups. Genetically-predicted vigorous activity was associated with lower risk of pre/perimenopausal breast cancer (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87,≥3 vs. 0 self-reported days/week), with consistent estimates for most case-groups. Greater genetically-predicted sedentary time was associated with higher hormone-receptor-negative tumour risk (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.92 per-SD (~7% time spent sedentary)), with elevated estimates for most case-groups. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses examining pleiotropy (including weighted-median-MR, MR-Egger). Conclusion Our study provides strong evidence that greater overall physical activity, greater vigorous activity, and lower sedentary time are likely to reduce breast cancer risk. More widespread adoption of active lifestyles may reduce the burden from the most common cancer in women.

• Ahearn, Thomas U.; Zhang, Haoyu; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Milne, Roger L.; Bolla, Manjeet K. & Dennis, Joe [Show all 205 contributors for this article] (2022). Common variants in breast cancer risk loci predispose to distinct tumor subtypes. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 24(1), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s13058-021-01484-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have differential associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, but how these variants relate with other tumor features and intrinsic molecular subtypes is unclear. Methods Among 106,571 invasive breast cancer cases and 95,762 controls of European ancestry with data on 173 breast cancer variants identified in previous GWAS, we used novel two-stage polytomous logistic regression models to evaluate variants in relation to multiple tumor features (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and grade) adjusting for each other, and to intrinsic-like subtypes. Results Eighty-five of 173 variants were associated with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 5%), most commonly ER and grade, followed by PR and HER2. Models for intrinsic-like subtypes found nearly all of these variants (83 of 85) associated at p < 0.05 with risk for at least one luminal-like subtype, and approximately half (41 of 85) of the variants were associated with risk of at least one non-luminal subtype, including 32 variants associated with triple-negative (TN) disease. Ten variants were associated with risk of all subtypes in different magnitude. Five variants were associated with risk of luminal A-like and TN subtypes in opposite directions. Conclusion This report demonstrates a high level of complexity in the etiology heterogeneity of breast cancer susceptibility variants and can inform investigations of subtype-specific risk prediction.

• Morra, Anna; Escala-Garcia, Maria; Beesley, Jonathan; Keeman, Renske; Canisius, Sander & Ahearn, Thomas U. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Association of germline genetic variants with breast cancer-specific survival in patient subgroups defined by clinic-pathological variables related to tumor biology and type of systemic treatment. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 23:86(1), p. 1–18. doi: 10.1186/s13058-021-01450-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Given the high heterogeneity among breast tumors, associations between common germline genetic variants and survival that may exist within specific subgroups could go undetected in an unstratified set of breast cancer patients. Methods We performed genome-wide association analyses within 15 subgroups of breast cancer patients based on prognostic factors, including hormone receptors, tumor grade, age, and type of systemic treatment. Analyses were based on 91,686 female patients of European ancestry from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, including 7531 breast cancer-specific deaths over a median follow-up of 8.1 years. Cox regression was used to assess associations of common germline variants with 15-year and 5-year breast cancer-specific survival. We assessed the probability of these associations being true positives via the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP < 0.15). Results Evidence of associations with breast cancer-specific survival was observed in three patient subgroups, with variant rs5934618 in patients with grade 3 tumors (15-year-hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.32 [1.20, 1.45], P = 1.4E−08, BFDP = 0.01, per G allele); variant rs4679741 in patients with ER-positive tumors treated with endocrine therapy (15-year-HR [95% CI] 1.18 [1.11, 1.26], P = 1.6E−07, BFDP = 0.09, per G allele); variants rs1106333 (15-year-HR [95% CI] 1.68 [1.39,2.03], P = 5.6E−08, BFDP = 0.12, per A allele) and rs78754389 (5-year-HR [95% CI] 1.79 [1.46,2.20], P = 1.7E−08, BFDP = 0.07, per A allele), in patients with ER-negative tumors treated with chemotherapy. Conclusions We found evidence of four loci associated with breast cancer-specific survival within three patient subgroups. There was limited evidence for the existence of associations in other patient subgroups. However, the power for many subgroups is limited due to the low number of events. Even so, our results suggest that the impact of common germline genetic variants on breast cancer-specific survival might be limited.

• Park, Hanla A.; Neumeyer, Sonja; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Bolla, Manjeet K.; Wang, Qin & Kristensen, Vessela N. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Mendelian randomisation study of smoking exposure in relation to breast cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0007-0920. 125(8), p. 1135–1145. doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01432-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Background Despite a modest association between tobacco smoking and breast cancer risk reported by recent epidemiological studies, it is still equivocal whether smoking is causally related to breast cancer risk. Methods We applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate a potential causal effect of cigarette smoking on breast cancer risk. Both individual-level data as well as summary statistics for 164 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in genome-wide association studies of lifetime smoking index (LSI) or cigarette per day (CPD) were used to obtain MR effect estimates. Data from 108,420 invasive breast cancer cases and 87,681 controls were used for the LSI analysis and for the CPD analysis conducted among ever-smokers from 26,147 cancer cases and 26,072 controls. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address pleiotropy. Results Genetically predicted LSI was associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR 1.18 per SD, 95% CI: 1.07–1.30, P  = 0.11 × 10 –2 ), but there was no evidence of association for genetically predicted CPD (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78–1.19, P  = 0.85). The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results and showed no strong evidence of pleiotropic effect. Conclusion Our MR study provides supportive evidence for a potential causal association with breast cancer risk for lifetime smoking exposure but not cigarettes per day among smokers.

• Rye, Inga Hansine; Huse, Kanutte; Josefsson, Sarah Elisabet; Kildal, Wanja; Danielsen, Håvard Emil Greger & Schlichting, Ellen [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2021). Breast cancer metastasis: immune profiling of lymph nodes reveals exhaustion of effector T cells and immunosuppression. Molecular Oncology. ISSN 1574-7891. 16(1), p. 88–103. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13047. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sentinel lymph nodes are the first nodes draining the lymph from a breast and could reveal early changes in the host immune system upon dissemination of breast cancer cells. To investigate this, we performed single-cell immune profiling of lymph nodes with and without metastatic cells. Whereas no significant changes were observed for B-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell subsets, metastatic lymph nodes had a significantly increased frequency of CD8 T cells and a skewing toward an effector/memory phenotype of CD4 and CD8 T cells, suggesting an ongoing immune response. Additionally, metastatic lymph nodes had an increased frequency of TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains)-positive T cells with suppressed TCR signaling compared with non-metastatic nodes, indicating exhaustion of effector T cells, and an increased frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) with an activated phenotype. T-cell alterations correlated with the percentage of metastatic tumor cells, reflecting the presence of metastatic tumor cells driving T effector cells toward exhaustion and promoting immunosuppression by recruitment or increased differentiation toward Tregs. These results show that immune suppression occurs already in early stages of tumor progression.

• Johnson, Nichola; Maguire, Sarah; Morra, Anna; Kapoor, Pooja Middha; Tomczyk, Katarzyna & Kristensen, Vessela N. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). CYP3A7*1C allele: linking premenopausal oestrone and progesterone levels with risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. British Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0007-0920. 124, p. 842–854. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-01185-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Background Epidemiological studies provide strong evidence for a role of endogenous sex hormones in the aetiology of breast cancer. The aim of this analysis was to identify genetic variants that are associated with urinary sex-hormone levels and breast cancer risk. Methods We carried out a genome-wide association study of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide levels in 560 premenopausal women, with additional analysis of progesterone levels in 298 premenopausal women. To test for the association with breast cancer risk, we carried out follow-up genotyping in 90,916 cases and 89,893 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. All women were of European ancestry. Results For pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, there were no genome-wide significant associations; for oestrone-3-glucuronide, we identified a single peak mapping to the CYP3A locus, annotated by rs45446698. The minor rs45446698-C allele was associated with lower oestrone-3-glucuronide (−49.2%, 95% CI −56.1% to −41.1%, P  = 3.1 × 10 –18 ); in follow-up analyses, rs45446698-C was also associated with lower progesterone (−26.7%, 95% CI −39.4% to −11.6%, P  = 0.001) and reduced risk of oestrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.91, P  = 6.9 × 10 –8 ). Conclusions The CYP3A7*1C allele is associated with reduced risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer possibly mediated via an effect on the metabolism of endogenous sex hormones in premenopausal women.

• Park, JooYong; Choi, Ji-Yeob; Choi, Jaesung; Chung, Seokang; Song, Nan & Park, Sue K [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Gene-Environment Interactions Relevant to Estrogen and Risk of Breast Cancer: Can Gene-Environment Interactions Be Detected Only among Candidate SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies? Cancers. 13:2370(10), p. 1–21. doi: 10.3390/cancers13102370. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this study we aim to examine gene–environment interactions (GxEs) between genes involved with estrogen metabolism and environmental factors related to estrogen exposure. GxE analyses were conducted with 1970 Korean breast cancer cases and 2052 controls in the case-control study, the Seoul Breast Cancer Study (SEBCS). A total of 11,555 SNPs from the 137 candidate genes were included in the GxE analyses with eight established environmental factors. A replication test was conducted by using an independent population from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), with 62,485 Europeans and 9047 Asians. The GxE tests were performed by using two-step methods in GxEScan software. Two interactions were found in the SEBCS. The first interaction was shown between rs13035764 of NCOA1 and age at menarche in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.2 × 10−3). The age at menarche before 14 years old was associated with the high risk of breast cancer, and the risk was higher when subjects had homozygous minor allele G. The second GxE was shown between rs851998 near ESR1 and height in the GE|2df model (p-2df = 1.1 × 10−4). Height taller than 160 cm was associated with a high risk of breast cancer, and the risk increased when the minor allele was added. The findings were not replicated in the BCAC. These results would suggest specificity in Koreans for breast cancer risk.

• Liu, Jingjing; Smissen, Wendy J. C. Prager van der; Collee, Margriet J.; Bolla, Manjeet K.; Wang, Qin & Kristensen, Vessela N. [Show all 82 contributors for this article] (2020). Germline HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C do not confer an increased breast cancer risk. Scientific Reports. 10:9688(1), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65665-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In breast cancer, high levels of homeobox protein Hox-B13 (HOXB13) have been associated with disease progression of ER-positive breast cancer patients and resistance to tamoxifen treatment. Since HOXB13 p.G84E is a prostate cancer risk allele, we evaluated the association between HOXB13 germline mutations and breast cancer risk in a previous study consisting of 3,270 familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 2,327 controls from the Netherlands. Although both recurrent HOXB13 mutations p.G84E and p.R217C were not associated with breast cancer risk, the risk estimation for p.R217C was not very precise. To provide more conclusive evidence regarding the role of HOXB13 in breast cancer susceptibility, we here evaluated the association between HOXB13 mutations and increased breast cancer risk within 81 studies of the international Breast Cancer Association Consortium containing 68,521 invasive breast cancer patients and 54,865 controls. Both HOXB13 p.G84E and p.R217C did not associate with the development of breast cancer in European women, neither in the overall analysis (OR=1.035, 95% CI=0.859–1.246, P=0.718 and OR=0.798, 95% CI=0.482–1.322, P=0.381 respectively), nor in specifc high-risk subgroups or breast cancer subtypes. Thus, although involved in breast cancer progression, HOXB13 is not a material breast cancer susceptibility gene.

• Bredal, Inger Schou; Ekeberg, Øivind & Kåresen, Rolf (2020). Variability and stability of coping styles among breast cancer survivors: A prospective study. Psycho-Oncology. ISSN 1057-9249. doi: 10.1002/pon.5587. Full text in Research Archive
• Kramer, Iris; Hooning, Maartje J.; Mavaddat, Nasim; Hauptmann, Michael; Keeman, Renske & Steyerberg, Ewout W. [Show all 54 contributors for this article] (2020). Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score and Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk. American Journal of Human Genetics. ISSN 0002-9297. 107(5), p. 837–848. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Previous research has shown that polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can be used to stratify women according to their risk of developing primary invasive breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association between a recently validated PRS of 313 germline variants (PRS313) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk. We included 56,068 women of European ancestry diagnosed with first invasive breast cancer from 1990 onward with follow-up from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Metachronous CBC risk (N = 1,027) according to the distribution of PRS313 was quantified using Cox regression analyses. We assessed PRS313 interaction with age at first diagnosis, family history, morphology, ER status, PR status, and HER2 status, and (neo)adjuvant therapy. In studies of Asian women, with limited follow-up, CBC risk associated with PRS313 was assessed using logistic regression for 340 women with CBC compared with 12,133 women with unilateral breast cancer. Higher PRS313 was associated with increased CBC risk: hazard ratio per standard deviation (SD) = 1.25 (95%CI = 1.18–1.33) for Europeans, and an OR per SD = 1.15 (95%CI = 1.02–1.29) for Asians. The absolute lifetime risks of CBC, accounting for death as competing risk, were 12.4% for European women at the 10th percentile and 20.5% at the 90th percentile of PRS313. We found no evidence of confounding by or interaction with individual characteristics, characteristics of the primary tumor, or treatment. The C-index for the PRS313 alone was 0.563 (95%CI = 0.547–0.586). In conclusion, PRS313 is an independent factor associated with CBC risk and can be incorporated into CBC risk prediction models to help improve stratification and optimize surveillance and treatment strategies.

• Kåresen, Rolf; Gisvold, Sven Erik & Heier, Hans Erik (2020). Regjeringens «koronakommisjon» er lite representativ og har inhabil leder. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 140(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0446. Full text in Research Archive
• Hartmann-Johnsen, Olaf Johan; Kåresen, Rolf; Schlichting, Ellen; Naume, Bjørn & Nygård, Jan Franz (2019). Using clinical cancer registry data for estimation of quality indicators: Results from the Norwegian breast cancer registry. International Journal of Medical Informatics. ISSN 1386-5056. 125, p. 102–109. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Increased focus on quality indicators and the use of clinical registries for breast cancer for real world studies have shown higher compliance to recommended therapy and better survival. In 2010, the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialist (EUSOMA) proposed quality indicators (QI) covering diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. To become a EUSOMA certified Breast Cancer Unit, 14 specified quality indicators, in addition to other requirements, need to be met. To evaluate the compliance and results of recommended treatment in breast cancer care in Norway and to improve the quality of epidemiological data, the Cancer Registry of Norway (CRN) in cooperation with the Norwegian Breast Cancer Group (NBCG) developed the Norwegian Breast Cancer Registry (NBCR). The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of using the NBCR for estimating the EUSOMA QI individually for all hospitals diagnosing and treating breast cancer in Norway. Methods To provide researchers with high quality cancer data as well as for the purpose of national cancer statistics, the CRN employs a cancer registry system to 1) longitudinal capture data from all patients from all medical entities that diagnose and/or treat cancer patients (e.g., pathology, radiology and clinical departments) in Norway; 2) curate data, i.e. validate the correctness of collected data, and assemble the validated cancer data as cancer cases; 3) provide data for analytics and presentation. Estimates for 10 EUSOMA QI were calculated at national and hospital level. To compare hospitals, a summary score of QIs was defined for each hospital. Results All hospitals currently treating breast cancer patients have the technical ability to submit data to the NBCR for estimation of QIs defined by EUSOMA. Data from pathology and surgery are of high quality. However, data from oncological and radiological departments are incomplete, but improving. This currently hinders three QIs from being calculated. QI on benign to malign diagnosis needs to be calculated at the individual Breast Centre. Over time the adherence to guidelines have improved and the hospital variation for the respective QI have decreased. Two hospitals met all minimum standard on ten QIs in year 2016 and one hospital did not meet one minimum standard, but met all other targets. Conclusion The NBCR has since 2012 published annual reports on breast cancer care and for the year 2016 measured 10 of 14 QI defined by EUSOMA. Increased compliance of recommended treatment in Norway has been observed during the years the registry has been active.

• Hartmann-Johnsen, Olaf Johan; Kåresen, Rolf; Schlichting, Ellen & Nygård, Jan Franz (2017). Better survival after breast-conserving therapy compared to mastectomy when axillary node status is positive in early-stage breast cancer: A registry-based follow-up study of 6387 Norwegian women participating in screening, primarily operated between 1998 and 2009. World Journal of Surgical Oncology (WJSO). 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12957-017-1184-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Aure, Miriam Ragle; Vitelli, Valeria; Jernström, Sandra Johanna; Kumar, Surendra; Krohn, Marit & Due, Eldri Undlien [Show all 35 contributors for this article] (2017). Integrative clustering reveals a novel split in the luminal A subtype of breast cancer with impact on outcome. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 19(44). doi: 10.1186/s13058-017-0812-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease at the clinical and molecular level. In this study we integrate classifications extracted from five different molecular levels in order to identify integrated subtypes. Methods Tumor tissue from 425 patients with primary breast cancer from the Oslo2 study was cut and blended, and divided into fractions for DNA, RNA and protein isolation and metabolomics, allowing the acquisition of representative and comparable molecular data. Patients were stratified into groups based on their tumor characteristics from five different molecular levels, using various clustering methods. Finally, all previously identified and newly determined subgroups were combined in a multilevel classification using a “cluster-of-clusters” approach with consensus clustering. Results Based on DNA copy number data, tumors were categorized into three groups according to the complex arm aberration index. mRNA expression profiles divided tumors into five molecular subgroups according to PAM50 subtyping, and clustering based on microRNA expression revealed four subgroups. Reverse-phase protein array data divided tumors into five subgroups. Hierarchical clustering of tumor metabolic profiles revealed three clusters. Combining DNA copy number and mRNA expression classified tumors into seven clusters based on pathway activity levels, and tumors were classified into ten subtypes using integrative clustering. The final consensus clustering that incorporated all aforementioned subtypes revealed six major groups. Five corresponded well with the mRNA subtypes, while a sixth group resulted from a split of the luminal A subtype; these tumors belonged to distinct microRNA clusters. Gain-of-function studies using MCF-7 cells showed that microRNAs differentially expressed between the luminal A clusters were important for cancer cell survival. These microRNAs were used to validate the split in luminal A tumors in four independent breast cancer cohorts. In two cohorts the microRNAs divided tumors into subgroups with significantly different outcomes, and in another a trend was observed. Conclusions The six integrated subtypes identified confirm the heterogeneity of breast cancer and show that finer subdivisions of subtypes are evident. Increasing knowledge of the heterogeneity of the luminal A subtype may add pivotal information to guide therapeutic choices, evidently bringing us closer to improved treatment for this largest subgroup of breast cancer.

• Easton, Douglas F; Lesueur, Fabienne; Decker, Brennan; Michailidou, Kyriaki; Li, Jun & Allen, Jamie [Show all 149 contributors for this article] (2016). No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk: Implications for gene panel testing. Journal of Medical Genetics. ISSN 0022-2593. 53(5), p. 298–309. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103529. Full text in Research Archive
• Sas-Chen, Aldema; Aure, Miriam Ragle; Leibovich, Limor; Carvalho, Silvia; Enuka, Yehoshua & Körner, Cindy [Show all 38 contributors for this article] (2016). LIMT is a novel metastasis inhibiting lncRNA suppressed by EGF and downregulated in aggressive breast cancer. EMBO Molecular Medicine. ISSN 1757-4676. 8(9), p. 1052–1064. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201606198. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as regulators of gene expression in pathogenesis, including cancer. Recently, lncRNAs have been implicated in progression of specific subtypes of breast cancer. One aggressive, basal‐like subtype associates with increased EGFR signaling, while another, the HER2‐enriched subtype, engages a kin of EGFR. Based on the premise that EGFR‐regulated lncRNAs might control the aggressiveness of basal‐like tumors, we identified multiple EGFR‐inducible lncRNAs in basal‐like normal cells and overlaid them with the transcriptomes of over 3,000 breast cancer patients. This led to the identification of 11 prognostic lncRNAs. Functional analyses of this group uncovered LINC01089 (here renamed LncRNA Inhibiting Metastasis; LIMT), a highly conserved lncRNA, which is depleted in basal‐like and in HER2‐positive tumors, and the low expression of which predicts poor patient prognosis. Interestingly, EGF rapidly downregulates LIMT expression by enhancing histone deacetylation at the respective promoter. We also find that LIMT inhibits extracellular matrix invasion of mammary cells in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, lncRNAs dynamically regulated by growth factors might act as novel drivers of cancer progression and serve as prognostic biomarkers.

• Aure, Miriam Ragle; Jernström, Sandra Johanna; Krohn, Marit; Vollan, Hans Kristian Moen; Due, Eldri Undlien & Rødland, Einar Andreas [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2015). Integrated analysis reveals microRNA networks coordinately expressed with key proteins in breast cancer. Genome Medicine. 7:21. doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0135-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The role played by microRNAs in the deregulation of protein expression in breast cancer is only partly understood. To gain insight, the combined effect of microRNA and mRNA expression on protein expression was investigated in three independent data sets. Methods Protein expression was modeled as a multilinear function of powers of mRNA and microRNA expression. The model was first applied to mRNA and protein expression for 105 selected cancer-associated genes and to genome-wide microRNA expression from 283 breast tumors. The model considered both the effect of one microRNA at a time and all microRNAs combined. In the latter case the Lasso penalized regression method was applied to detect the simultaneous effect of multiple microRNAs. Results An interactome map for breast cancer representing all direct and indirect associations between the expression of microRNAs and proteins was derived. A pattern of extensive coordination between microRNA and protein expression in breast cancer emerges, with multiple clusters of microRNAs being associated with multiple clusters of proteins. Results were subsequently validated in two independent breast cancer data sets. A number of the microRNA-protein associations were functionally validated in a breast cancer cell line. Conclusions A comprehensive map is derived for the co-expression in breast cancer of microRNAs and 105 proteins with known roles in cancer, after filtering out the in-cis effect of mRNA expression. The analysis suggests that group action by several microRNAs to deregulate the expression of proteins is a common modus operandi in breast cancer.

• Hartmann-Johnsen, Olaf Johan; Kåresen, Rolf; Schlichting, Ellen & Nygård, Jan Franz (2015). Survival is Better After Breast Conserving Therapy than Mastectomy for Early Stage Breast Cancer: A Registry-Based Follow-up Study of Norwegian Women Primary Operated Between 1998 and 2008. Annals of Surgical Oncology. ISSN 1068-9265. doi: 10.1245/s10434-015-4441-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Tinholt, Mari; Vollan, Hans Kristian Moen; Sahlberg, Kristine Kleivi; Jernström, Sandra Johanna; Kaveh, Fatemeh & Lingjærde, Ole Christian [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2015). Tumor expression, plasma levels and genetic polymorphisms of the coagulation inhibitor TFPI are associated with clinicopathological parameters and survival in breast cancer, in contrast to the coagulation initiator TF. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 17(44), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1186/s13058-015-0548-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Hypercoagulability in malignancy increases the risk of thrombosis, but is also involved in cancer progression. Experimental studies suggest that tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) are involved in cancer biology as a tumor- promoter and suppressor, respectively, but the clinical significance is less clear. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of TF and TFPI genetic and phenotypic diversity in breast cancer. Methods The relationship between tumor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and plasma levels of TF and TFPI (α and β), tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in F3 (TF) (n = 6) and TFPI (n = 18), and clinicopathological characteristics and molecular tumor subtypes were explored in 152 treatment naive breast cancer patients. The effect of tumor expressed TF and TFPIα and TFPIβ on survival was investigated in a merged breast cancer dataset of 1881 patients. Results Progesterone receptor negative patients had higher mRNA expression of total TFPI (α + β) (P = 0.021) and TFPIβ (P = 0.014) in tumors. TF mRNA expression was decreased in grade 3 tumors (P = 0.003). In plasma, total TFPI levels were decreased in patients with larger tumors (P = 0.013). SNP haplotypes of TFPI, but not TF, were associated with specific clinicopathological characteristics like tumor size (odds ratio (OR) 3.14, P = 0.004), triple negativity (OR 2.4, P = 0.004), lymph node spread (OR 3.34, P = 0.006), and basal-like (OR 2.3, P = 0.011) and luminal B (OR 3.5, P = 0.005) molecular tumor subtypes. Increased expression levels of TFPIα and TFPIβ in breast tumors were associated with better outcome in all tumor subtypes combined (P = 0.007 and P = 0.005) and in multiple subgroups, including lymph node positive subjects (P = 0.006 and P = 0.034). Conclusions This study indicates that genetic and phenotypic variation of both TFPIα and TFPIβ, more than TF, are markers of cancer progression. Together with the previously demonstrated tumor suppressor effects of TFPI, the beneficial effect of tumor expressed TFPI on survival, renders TFPI as a potential anticancer agent, and the clinical significance of TFPI in cancer deserves further investigation.

• Silwal-Pandit, Laxmi; Russnes, Hege Elisabeth Giercksky; Borgen, Elin; Vang, Veronica Okkenhaug; Vollan, Hans Kristian Moen & Schlichting, Ellen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). The sub-cellular localization of WRAP53 has prognostic impact in breast cancer. PLOS ONE. 10:e0139965(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139965. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  WRAP53 protein controls intracellular trafficking of DNA repair proteins, the telomerase enzyme, and splicing factors. Functional loss of the protein has been linked to carcinogenesis, premature aging and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of WRAP53 protein expression in breast cancer. A tissue microarray was constructed from primary breast tumors and immunostained by a polyclonal WRAP53 antibody to assess the protein expression pattern. Two different patient cohorts with long term follow-up were studied; a test- and a validation set of 154 and 668 breast tumor samples respectively. Breast cancer patients with tumor cells lacking the expression of WRAP53 in the nucleus had a significantly poorer outcome compared to patients with tumor cells expressing this protein in the nuclei (HR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.09–3.51, p = 0.025). Nuclear localization of WRAP53 was further shown to be an independent marker of prognosis in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.27–5.19, p = 0.008), and also significantly associated with better outcome in patients with TP53 mutation. Here we show that the sub-cellular localization of the WRAP53 protein has a significant impact on breast cancer survival, and thus has a potential as a clinical marker in diagnostics and treatment.

• Sauer, Torill & Kåresen, Rolf (2014). The value of preoperative ultrasound guided fine‑needle aspiration cytology of radiologically suspicious axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer. CytoJournal. ISSN 0974-5963. 11(26). doi: 10.4103/1742-6413.141820. Full text in Research Archive
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Kåresen, Rolf; Smeby, Nina Aarhus; Espe, Randi; Sørensen, Elin & Amundsen, Mette [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Effects of a Psychoeducational Versus a Support Group Intervention in Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 37(3), p. 198–207. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31829879a3. Full text in Research Archive
• Tinholt, Mari; Viken, Marte K; Dahm, Anders Erik A; Vollan, Hans Kristian Moen; Sahlberg, Kristine Kleivi & Garred, Øystein [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2014). Increased coagulation activity and genetic polymorphisms in the F5, F10 and EPCR genes are associated with breast cancer: a case-control study. BMC Cancer. 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-845. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The procoagulant state in cancer increases the thrombotic risk, but also supports tumor progression. To investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling cancer and hemostasis, we conducted a case-control study of genotypic and phenotypic variables of the tissue factor (TF) pathway of coagulation in breast cancer. Methods 366 breast cancer patients and 307 controls were genotyped for SNPs (n = 41) in the F2, F3 (TF), F5, F7, F10, TFPI and EPCR genes, and assayed for plasma coagulation markers (thrombin generation, activated protein C (APC) resistance, D-dimer, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, and TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI)). Associations with breast cancer were evaluated using logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), or the chi-square test. Results Four SNPs in F5 (rs12120605, rs6427202, rs9332542 and rs6427199), one in F10 (rs3093261), and one in EPCR (rs2069948) were associated with breast cancer. EPCR rs2069948 was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity, while the SNPs in F5 appeared to follow hormone receptor negative and triple negative patients. The prothrombotic polymorphisms factor V Leiden (rs6025) and prothrombin G20210A (rs1799963) were not associated with breast cancer. High APC resistance was associated with breast cancer in both factor V Leiden non-carriers (OR 6.5, 95% CI 4.1-10.4) and carriers (OR 38.3, 95% CI 6.2-236.6). The thrombin parameters short lag times (OR 5.8, 95% CI 3.7-9.2), short times to peak thrombin (OR 7.1, 95% CI 4.4-11.3), and high thrombin peak (OR 6.1, 95% CI 3.9-9.5) predicted presence of breast cancer, and high D-dimer also associated with breast cancer (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.3). Among the coagulation inhibitors, low levels of antithrombin associated with breast cancer (OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.6-9.0). The increased coagulability was not explained by the breast cancer associated SNPs, and was unaffected by ER, PR and triple negative status. Conclusions A procoagulant phenotype was found in the breast cancer patients. Novel associations with SNPs in F5, F10 and EPCR to breast cancer susceptibility were demonstrated, and the SNPs in F5 were confined to hormone receptor negative and triple negative patients. The study supports the importance of developing new therapeutic strategies targeting coagulation processes in cancer.

• Sagen, Åse Kjersti; Kåresen, Rolf; Sandvik, Leiv; Thune, Inger & Risberg, May Arna (2014). Upper limb physical function and adverse effects after breast cancer surgery: A prospective 2.5-year follow-up study and preoperative measures. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 95(5), p. 875–881. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.12.015. Full text in Research Archive
• Synnestvedt, Marit; Borgen, Elin; Russnes, Hege Elisabeth Giercksky; Kumar, Neena Theresa; Schlichting, Ellen & Giercksky, Karl-Erik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). Combined analysis of vascular invasion, grade, HER2 and Ki67 expression identifies early breast cancer patients with questionable benefit of systemic adjuvant therapy. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 52(1), p. 91–101. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2012.713508. Full text in Research Archive
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Kåresen, Rolf; Skaane, Per; Engelstad, Kari Sletten & Ekeberg, Øivind (2013). Recall mammography and psychological distress. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 49(4), p. 805–811. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Hofvind, Solveig; Schlichting, Ellen; Ursin, Giske; Sebuødegård, Sofie & Kåresen, Rolf (2013). Brystkreftkirurgi i Norge 1986 – 2009. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 133(15), p. 1582–1586. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0840. Full text in Research Archive
• Dhakal, Hari Prasad; Naume, Bjørn; Synnestvedt, Marit; Borgen, Elin; Kåresen, Rolf & Schlichting, Ellen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2012). Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in invasive breast carcinomas and its prognostic impact. Histology and Histopathology. ISSN 0213-3911. 27(10), p. 1315–1325. Full text in Research Archive
• Stephens, Philip J; Tarpey, Patrick; Davies, Helen; Loo, Peter Van; Greenman, Chris D. & Wedge, David C [Show all 67 contributors for this article] (2012). The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 486(7403), p. 400–404. doi: 10.1038/nature11017. Full text in Research Archive
• Dhakal, Hari Prasad; Naume, Bjørn; Synnestvedt, Marit; Borgen, Elin; Kåresen, Rolf & Schlichting, Ellen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2012). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in invasive breast carcinoma: prognostic significance and relationship with markers for aggressiveness. Histopathology. ISSN 0309-0167. 61(3), p. 350–364. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04223.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Effenberger, K.E.; Borgen, Elin; Eulenburg, C.Z.; Bartkowiak, K.; Grosser, A. & Synnestvedt, Marit [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2011). Detection and clinical relevance of early disseminated breast cancer cells depend on their cytokeratin expression pattern. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. ISSN 0167-6806. 125(3), p. 729–738. doi: 10.1007/s10549-010-0911-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Sandvik, Leiv; Kåresen, Rolf & Ekeberg, Øivind (2011). Prognostic value of health-related quality-of-life parameters in early-stage breast cancer: an 8-year follow-up study. Psycho-Oncology. ISSN 1057-9249. 20(10), p. 1102–1107. doi: 10.1002/pon.1822. Full text in Research Archive
• Fjøsne, Hans Erikssønn; Søreide, Jon Arne; Kåresen, Rolf; Lønning, Per Eystein; Jacobsen, Anne-Birgitte & Lundgren, Steinar (2011). Hospital volume and prognosis among Norwegian breast cancer patients enrolled in adjuvant trials. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 50(7), p. 1068–1074. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2011.585998. Full text in Research Archive
• Tveito, Siri; Andersen, Kristin; Kåresen, Rolf & Fodstad, Øystein (2011). Analysis of EpCAM positive cells isolated from sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients identifies subpopulations of cells with distinct transcription profiles. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 13(4). doi: 10.1186/bcr2922. Full text in Research Archive
• Kamalakaran, Sitharthan; Varadan, Vinay; Russnes, Hege Elisabeth Giercksky; Levy, Dan; Kendall, Jude & Janevski, Angel [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2011). DNA methylation patterns in luminal breast cancers differ from non-luminal subtypes and can identify relapse risk independent of other clinical variables. Molecular Oncology. ISSN 1574-7891. 5(1), p. 77–92. doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.11.002. Full text in Research Archive
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Sandvik, Leiv; Kåresen, Rolf & Ekeberg, Øivind (2010). Prognostic value of health-related quality-of-life parameters in early-stage breast cancer: an 8-year follow-up study. Psycho-Oncology. ISSN 1057-9249. Aug 25. doi: 10.1002/pon.1822. Full text in Research Archive
• Russnes, Hege Elisabeth Giercksky; Vollan, Hans Kristian Moen; Lingjærde, Ole Christian; Krasnitz, Alexander; Lundin, Pär & Naume, Bjørn [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2010). Genomic Architecture Characterizes Tumor Progression Paths and Fate in Breast Cancer Patients. Science Translational Medicine. ISSN 1946-6234. 2(38), p. 38–47. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000611. Full text in Research Archive
• Sagen, Åse Kjersti; Kåresen, Rolf; Sandvik, Leiv & Risberg, May Arna (2009). Changes in arm morbidities and health-related quality of life after breast cancer surgery - a five-year follow-up study. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 48(8), p. 1111–1118. doi: 10.3109/02841860903061691. Full text in Research Archive
• Sagen, Åse Kjersti; Kåresen, Rolf; Skaane, Per & Risberg, May Arna (2009). Validity for the Simplified Water Displacement Instrument to Measure Arm Lymphedema as a Result of Breast Cancer Surgery. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 90(5), p. 803–809. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.11.016. Full text in Research Archive
• Sagen, Åse Kjersti; Kåresen, Rolf & Risberg, May Arna (2009). Physical activity for the affected limb and arm lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. A prospective, randomized controlled trial with two years follow-up. Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 48(8), p. 1102–1110. doi: 10.3109/02841860903061683. Full text in Research Archive
• Park, Daehoon; Kåresen, Rolf; Naume, Bjørn; Synnestvedt, Marit; Beraki, Elsa & Sauer, Torill (2009). The prognostic impact of occult nodal metastasis in early breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. ISSN 0167-6806. 118(1), p. 57–66. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0340-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Park, Daehoon; Kåresen, Rolf; Axcrona, Ulrika; Noren, Tove & Sauer, Torill (2007). Expression of adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, α-, β-, γ-catenin and claudin-7) in primary breast carcinoma and their corresponding axillary lymph node metastasis. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 115(1), p. 52–56. Full text in Research Archive
• Park, Daehoon; Kåresen, Rolf; Noren, Tove & Sauer, Torill (2007). Ki-67 expression in primary breast carcinomas and their axillary lymph node metastases: clinical implications. Virchows Archiv. ISSN 0945-6317. 451(1), p. 11–18. Full text in Research Archive
• Naume, Bjørn; Zhao, Xi; Synnestvedt, Marit; Borgen, Elin; Giercksky, Hege E & Lingjærde, Ole Christian [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2007). Presence of bone marrow micrometastasis is associated with different recurrence risk within molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Molecular Oncology. ISSN 1574-7891. 1(2), p. 160–171. doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2007.03.004. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Expression profiles of primary breast tumors were investigated in relation to disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) in order to increase our understanding of the dissemination process. Tumors were classified into five pre-defined molecular subtypes, and presence of DTC identified (at median 85 months follow-up) a subgroup of luminal A patients with particular poor outcome (p = 0.008). This was not apparent for other tumor subtypes. Gene expression profiles associated with DTC and with systemic relapse for luminal A patients were identified. This study suggests that DTC in BM differentially distinguishes clinical outcome in patients with luminal A type tumors and that DTC-associated gene expression analysis may identify genes of potential importance in tumor dissemination.

• Bredal, Inger Schou; Ekeberg, Øivind; Kåresen, Rolf & Sørensen, Elin (2007). Psychosocial intervention as a component of routine breast cancer care-who participates and does it help? Psycho-Oncology. ISSN 1057-9249. doi: 10.1002/pon.1264. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Women who participated in the hospital psychosocial support groups following breast cancer surgery were compared with non-participants. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EORTC quality of life questionnaire were used to measure emotional distress and quality of life at the time of diagnosis and after 12 months. The General Life Orientation Test-Revised was used to measure dispositional optimism. Of 165 women, 87% reported that they had been invited to participate, and 66% participated. The salient predictor for participating in support group was optimism (OR 0.89 CI: 95% 0.83-0.98, p=0.01). No significant difference was found between the prevalence of anxiety and depression caseness at the time of diagnosis, but after 12 months, the prevalence of anxiety caseness was significantly lower among the participants than that among the non-participants (19% vs 34%, p=0.04).In conclusion, psychosocial intervention as a component of routine breast cancer care appears to have a long-term clinical beneficial effect on anxiety. For depression and quality of life, the study is inconclusive. Self-selection may prevent patients at risk of adverse outcome to participate in support groups.

• Langerod, A; Zhao, H; Borgan, Ørnulf; Nesland, Jahn M; Bukholm, IR & Ikdahl, T [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2007). TP53 mutation status and gene expression profiles are powerful prognostic markers of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research. ISSN 1465-5411. 9, p. R30–R30. doi: 10.1186/bcr1675. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Gene expression profiling of breast carcinomas has increased our understanding of the heterogeneous biology of this disease and promises to impact clinical care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of gene expression-based classification along with established prognostic markers and mutation status of the TP53 gene (tumour protein p53) in a group of breast cancer patients with long-term (12 to 16 years) follow-up. Methods The clinical and histopathological parameters of 200 breast cancer patients were studied for their effects on clinical outcome using univariate/multivariate Cox regression. The prognostic impact of mutations in the TP53 gene, identified using temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing, was also evaluated. Eighty of the samples were analyzed for gene expression using 42 K cDNA microarrays and the patients were assigned to five previously defined molecular expression groups. The strength of the gene expression based classification versus standard markers was evaluated by adding this variable to the Cox regression model used to analyze all samples. Results Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that TP53 mutation status, tumor size and lymph node status were the strongest predictors of breast cancer survival for the whole group of patients. Analyses of the patients with gene expression data showed that TP53 mutation status, gene expression based classification, tumor size and lymph node status were significant predictors of survival. Breast cancer cases in the 'basal-like' and 'ERBB2+' gene expression subgroups had a very high mortality the first two years, while the 'highly proliferating luminal' cases developed the disease more slowly, showing highest mortality after 5 to 8 years. The TP53 mutation status showed strong association with the 'basal-like' and 'ERBB2+' subgroups, and tumors with mutation had a characteristic gene expression pattern. Conclusion TP53 mutation status and gene-expression based groups are important survival markers of breast cancer, and these molecular markers may provide prognostic information that complements clinical variables. The study adds experience and knowledge to an ongoing characterization and classification of the disease.

• Wiedswang, Gro; Borgen, Elin; Schirmer, Cecilie; Kåresen, Rolf; Kvalheim, Gunnar & Nesland, Jahn M [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2006). Comparison of the clinical significance of occult tumor cells in blood and bone marrow in breast cancer. International Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0020-7136. 118, p. 2013–2019. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21576. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristensen, Vessela N.; Sørlie, Therese; Geisler, Jurgen; Langerød, Anita; Yoshimura, Noriko & Kåresen, Rolf [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2005). Gene expression profiling of breast cancer in relation to estrogen receptor status and estrogen-metabolizing enzymes: Clinical implication. Clinical Cancer Research. ISSN 1078-0432. 11, p. 878s–883s. Full text in Research Archive
• Sagen, Åse; Kåresen, Rolf & Risberg, May Arna (2005). The reliability of a simplified water displacement instrument: A method for measuring arm volume. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 86(1), p. 86–89. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.042. Full text in Research Archive
• Naume, Bjørn; Wiedswang, Gro; Borgen, Elin; Kvalheim, Gunnar; Kåresen, Rolf & Qvist, Hanne [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2004). The prognostic value of isolated tumor cells in bone marrrow in breast cancer patients: evaluation of morphological categories and the number of clinically significant cells. Clinical Cancer Research. ISSN 1078-0432. 10(9), p. 3091–3097. Full text in Research Archive
• Wiedswang, Gro; Borgen, Elin; Kåresen, Rolf; Qvist, Hanne; Janbu, J.L. & Kvalheim, Gunnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2004). Isolated tumor cells in bone marrow three years after diagnosis in disease-free breast cancer patients predict unfavourable clinical outcome. Clinical Cancer Research. ISSN 1078-0432. 10, p. 5342–5348. Full text in Research Archive
• Schou, I.; Ekeberg, Øivind; Ruland, Cornelia; Sandvik, Leiv & Kåresen, Rolf (2004). Pessimism as a predictor of emotional morbidity one year following breast cancer surgery. Psycho-Oncology. ISSN 1057-9249. 13, p. 309–320. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The prevalence of and predictive factors for emotional morbidity (measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD)) one year following surgery, with special focus on dispositional optimism/pessimism (measured by the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), was examined in 165 women, newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients characteristics, appraisal of cancer diagnosis, beliefs about treatment efficacy, treatment decision-making participation, coping and emotional morbidity was assessed by self-rating questionnaires.Prevalence of anxiety and depression cases at time of diagnosis was 34 and 12%, respectively, and 26 and 9% after one year. Prevalence of emotional morbidity was significantly enlarged among pessimists at all assessments.Pessimism was the strongest predictor for anxiety (OR: 0.86 C.I. 95% 0.77 - 0.95) and depression (OR: 0.83, C.I. 95% 0.73 - 0.95) one year following breast cancer surgery. Optimists and pessimists differed not only in regard to coping styles, but also in regards to predictors of emotional morbidity. Optimists experiencing anxiety at time of breast cancer diagnosis had about six times higher risk of experiencing anxiety after one year, compared to optimists without preoperative anxiety. For pessimists, the more pessimistic one was about one's overall future the higher risk for developing anxiety following one year of breast cancer surgery. Pessimists, who endorse helpless/hopeless coping style when receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer, had three times greater risk for experiencing depression one year after breast cancer surgery, than pessimists who did not. Health care professionals should therefore provide intervention for pessimists, as well as for patients with high anxiety scores at time of diagnosis.

• Hervik, Arild; Kåresen, Rolf & Schlichting, Ellen (2003). Medisinsk logistikk ved mistanke om brystkreft. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 123(12), p. 1687–1690. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Erfaringer gjort i behandling av brystkreft ved Ullevål universitetssykehus benyttes for å illustrere betydningen av medisinsk logistikk. Materiale og metode. Sykehuset hadde ca. 500 nye tilfeller av brystkreft i 2002. Vi benytter trippeldiagnostikk supplert med MR. Radikal kirurgi baseres på cytologisk malignitetsdiagnose uten støtte av histologi. Operasjonene utføres i hovedsak dagkirurgisk. 80 % av pasientene sendes hjem samme dag, resten flytter til pasienthotellet. Vaktpostlymfeknuteteknikken har vært rutine siden mai 2000. Resultater: Av 1 502 radikalopererte hadde to (1,3 promille) falskt positiv cytologisk prøve. Metoden er kostnadseffektiv i forhold til sylinderbiopsi, som ikke eliminerer falskt positive funn. Fortolkning: Vi mener bruk av finnålscytologi som grunnlag for radikalkirurgi er etisk forsvarlig. Begge metoder er teknisk krevende. Sentre som vil benytte dem, må ha dokumentert sin kompetanse i en læringsfase og deretter overvåke kvaliteten kontinuerlig.

• Hervik, Arild; Thoresen, Steinar Østerbø; Kåresen, Rolf & Wang, Hege (2001). Mammography screening in Norway : results from the first screening round in four counties and cost-effectiveness of a mode ed nationwide screening. Cancer Causes and Control. ISSN 0957-5243. 12(1), p. 39–45. doi: 10.1023/1008999403069. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  OBJEKTIVE: To evaluate whether the results of the first screening round in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme predict future mortality reduction and to explore the cost effectiveness of the programme. METHODS: The results of surrogate measures were calculated and compared with the targets. A cost effective analysis was performed assuming a nation-wide programme starting in 1996 with an attendance rate of 80% and a mortality reduction of 30%. RESULTS: The attendance rate was 79.5% and the detection rate was 0.67%. The proportion of invasive tumors smaller than 15 mm was 53.1% and 21.7% of the patients who underwent axilliary surgery had lymphatic metastasis. The C/E-ratios were found to be 3750 USD per year-of-life saved and 86045 USD per life saved. CONCLUSION: The results of the first screening round will lead to a mortality reduction of at least 30%. The cost-effectiveness analysis shows that it is possible to run a highly cost-efficient screening programme in Norway.

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• Kåresen, Rolf & Wist, Erik (2012). Kreft-Sykdommer - en basisbok for helsepersonell (4.utgave). Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205425507. 495 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Kåresen, Rolf; Gisvold, Sven Erik & Heier, Hans Erik (2020). Beredskap og sykehusbygging: Hva bor vi lære av covid-19? 140(10), p. 1–5. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0286. Full text in Research Archive
• Kåresen, Rolf (2017). Re: En varslet katastrofe. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 137(10), p. 682–682. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0339. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Euceda, Leslie R.; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Schlichting, Ellen; Kåresen, Rolf & Sauer, Torill [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Prediction of clinical prognostic markers in breast cancer using MR-based metabolic profiles. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Euceda, Leslie R.; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Schlichting, Ellen; Kåresen, Rolf & Sauer, Torill [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Prediction of clinical prognostic markers in breast cancer using MR-based metabolic profiles. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Euceda, Leslie R.; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Schlichting, Ellen; Kåresen, Rolf & Sauer, Torill [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Prediction of clinical prognostic markers in breast cancer using MR-based metabolic profiles. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Euceda, Leslie R.; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Krohn, Marit; Schlichting, Ellen & Kåresen, Rolf [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). Combining ‘omics’; metabolic breast cancer clusters correlation with protein and gene expression subtypes. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Euceda, Leslie R.; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Krohn, Marit; Schlichting, Ellen & Kåresen, Rolf [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). Combining ‘omics’; metabolic breast cancer clusters correlation with protein and gene expression subtypes. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Wood, Leslie Euceda; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Lamichhane, Santosh; Krohn, Marit & Schlichting, Ellen [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2015). Interpreting the clinical relevance of metabolic subgroups in breast cancer in combination with gene- and protein- expression subtypes. Full text in Research Archive
• Wood, Leslie Euceda; Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Krohn, Marit; Schlichting, Ellen & Kåresen, Rolf [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2014). Metabolic subgrouping of breast cancer using HR MAS MRS and hierarchical cluster analysis; correlation with molecular subtypes. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukaas, Tonje Husby; Wood, Leslie Euceda; Giskeødegård, Guro F.; Krohn, Marit; Schlichting, Ellen & Kåresen, Rolf [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2014). Metabolic subgrouping of breast cancer using HR MAS MRS and hierarchical cluster analysis; correlation with molecular subtypes. Full text in Research Archive
• Sauer, Torill & Kåresen, Rolf (2013). Preoperative US-guided FNAC of axillary lymph nodes in women with confirmed or probable malignancy in the ipsilateral breast. Full text in Research Archive
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Kåresen, Rolf; Skaane, Per; Engelstad, Kari & Ekeberg, Øivind (2012). Recall Mammography and Psychological Distress. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 48, p. S80–S80. Full text in Research Archive
• Fodstad, Øystein; Tveito, Siri; Kåresen, Rolf & Sauer, Torill (2010). Metastasis - gene expression differences associated with site and treatment sensitivity. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 8(5), p. 156–156. Full text in Research Archive
• Ebeltoft, Kristin; Pedersen, Mette Kristin; Sauer, Torill & Kåresen, Rolf (2010). LIQUID-BASED MATERIAL FROM FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATES OF BREAST CARCINOMAS IS AN OPTIMAL PRE-PROCEDURAL HANDLING OF THE TUMOR CELLS AND OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY OF LONG TIME STORAGE WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF ANTIGENICITY OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS. Acta Cytologica. ISSN 0001-5547. 54(3), p. 442–442. Full text in Research Archive
• Sauer, Torill; Ebeltoft, Kristin; Pedersen, Mette Kristin & Kåresen, Rolf (2010). Liquid based material from fine-needle aspiraes from breast carcinomas offers the possibility of long-time storage without significant loss of anticenicity of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Full text in Research Archive
• Vollan, Hans Kristian Moen; Nilsen, G; Baumbusch, Lars Oliver; Schneider, Ida Johansson; Langerød, Anita & Naume, Bjørn [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2010). Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) differentiates the major intrinsic subgroups of breast carcinomas. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 8(5), p. 163–163. Full text in Research Archive
• Sagen, Åse Kjersti; Kåresen, Rolf; Sandvik, Leiv & Risberg, May Arna (2009). Changes in arm morbidities and health-related quality of life after breast cancer surgery: A five-year follow-up study. Journal of Clinical Oncology. ISSN 0732-183X. 27(15). Full text in Research Archive
• Vollan, Hans Kristian Moen; Due, Eldri Undlien; Kåresen, Rolf; Schlichting, Ellen & Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise (2009). Deletions of PTEN and FBXW7 in breast carcinomas investigated with array comparative hybridization (aCGH) are associated with reduced survival in a long term follow up clinical cohort. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 7(2), p. 320–320. Full text in Research Archive
• Fodstad, Øystein; Tveito, Siri; Høifødt, Hanne Kleppe; Park, Daehoon; Sauer, Torill & Kåresen, Rolf (2009). Detection and characterization of tumour cells in sentinel lymph nodes and bone marrow of patients with breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 7(2), p. 70–71. Full text in Research Archive
• Naume, Bjørn; Wiedswang, Gro; Borgen, E.; Schirmer, C.; Kvalheim, Gunnar & Kåresen, Rolf [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). Clinical significance of isolated tumor cell detection in peripheral blood in breast cancer patients three years after diagnosis. Comparison between analysis of peripheral blood and bone marow. Full text in Research Archive
• Naume, Bjørn; Wiedswang, Gro; Borgen, E.; Kvalheim, Gunnar; Schirmer, C. & Kåresen, Rolf [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). Tumorceller påvist i perifert blod hos brystkreftpasienter 3 år etter diagnose korrelerer med klinisk forløp. Full text in Research Archive
• Solheim, B.; Johnson, Egil; Johannessen, Hans Olaf & Kåresen, Rolf (2004). Kirurgi ved benign øsofagusstriktur. To kasuistikker. Full text in Research Archive
• Hervik, Arild; Kåresen, Rolf; Bø, Jens Kristian; Haustveit, Sjur & Thoresen, Steinar Østerbø (1999). Samfunnsøkonomisk lønnsomhet av mammografiscreening i Norge. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 119(24), p. 3553–3559. Full text in Research Archive
• Wiedswang, Gro; Naume, Bjørn; Kåresen, Rolf & Nesland, Jahn M (2004). The clinical relevance of detecting isolated tumour cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes in breast cancer. Faculty of Medicine. ISSN 9788280801319. Full text in Research Archive

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