Influenza A viruses harbor an extensive potential for mutating into new variants, as well as recombining genetic material from different influenza viruses into new types. As such, influenza A viruses are considered the most likely viruses to cause the next pandemic.
Currently used seasonal influenza vaccines are of no use against novel viruses with pandemic potential. Genetic vaccines can be rapidly produced and could therefore mitigate pandemic outbreaks. Here, we presented preclinical proof of protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding a vaccine protein that targets influenza hemagglutinin (HA) to human leukocyte antigen class II (HLAII) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APC). Vaccination of mice raised robust levels of neutralizing antibodies, and protection against a lethal challenge with influenza H7N1 virus. In ferrets, we observed induction of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses after a single vaccination, with levels increasing after a second dose. Protection of vaccinated ferrets against a viral challenge with influenza H7N9 was dose dependent, with ferrets receiving the highest vaccine dose being completely protected from clinical disease. In sum, these results warranted progression to a human clinical Phase I trial. Assuming similar results also from the clinical trial, we have available an important tool for management of the next pandemic viral emergence.
Full reference: de Jong, R., Zhou, F., Andersen, T.K. Stockhofe-Zurwieden, N., Cox, R.J., Bogen, B. & Grodeland, G. An HLAII-targeted DNA vaccine against influenza H7N9 protected mice and ferrets from a virus challenge. npj Vaccines 11, 20 (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41541-025-01341-4