Jeanette H. Magnus

• Leirbakk, Maria J.; Dolvik, Stina; Torper, Johan & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2026). Beyond the clinic: Understanding parents' views on extended home visits by public health nurses. Infant Mental Health Journal. ISSN 0163-9641. 47(4). doi: 10.1002/imhj.70100. Full text in Research Archive
• Agde, Zeleke Dutamo; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Assefa, Nega & Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera (2025). Community Perspectives on Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study from Rural Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 22(2). doi: 10.3390/ijerph22020197. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is closely associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. To develop prevention strategies and interventions, the exploration of cultural norms, societal attitudes, and perceptions related to IPV is vital. This study explored community perspectives on IPV during pregnancy in rural Ethiopia. We used an exploratory qualitative study design to collect data. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) guided by a semi-structured topic guide. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, revealing the following four themes: (1) threats to the health of the mother and the fetus; (2) the contributing factors of IPV during pregnancy; (3) coping strategies for IPV during pregnancy; and (4) the need for intervention. Supportive attitudes toward IPV, early marriage, lack of awareness among offenders about its consequences, alcohol use, poor couple communication, and provocation by wives were found to be the causes of IPV during pregnancy. Participants in this study perceived IPV as a normal and unavoidable aspect of marital relationships. Comprehensive interventions that address challenging the cultural norms that condone IPV, increase community awareness of its detrimental effects, improve couples’ communication skills, and address alcohol abuse among men could play a crucial role in preventing or reducing IPV during pregnancy.

• Agde, Zeleke Dutamo; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Assefa, Nega & Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera (2025). Effectiveness of couple-based violence prevention education in reducing intimate partner violence during pregnancy in rural Ethiopia: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE. 20(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317667. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Pregnancy is often seen as a joyful and fulfilling time for many women. However, a significant number of women in Ethiopia experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during this period. Despite this, there is limited evidence on interventions aimed at preventing violence during pregnancy. The purpose of this trial was to examine the effectiveness of Couple-Based Violence Prevention Education (CBVPE) in reducing IPV during pregnancy in rural Ethiopia. Method A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted using a two-arm parallel group design. The 16 clusters were randomly allocated into 8 intervention groups and 8 control groups. A total of 432 pregnant women (216 in the intervention group and 216 in the control group) participated in the trial. Couple-based violence prevention education was provided to the participants in the intervention group, while the control group received routine or standard care. We used difference-in-difference analysis and the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Result At the endline, 94.9% of women in the intervention group and 95.3% of women in the control group were available for intention-to-treat analysis. There was a substantial drop in the proportion of any IPV during pregnancy from 39.4% at baseline to 13.0% at endline (p<0.001). Women in the intervention group were 74.1% less likely to report any IPV during pregnancy compared to the control group (AOR = 0.259; 95% CI 0.161–0.417). Specifically, the intervention also reduced psychological, physical, and sexual violence during pregnancy. Conclusion The study found that CBVPE is effective in reducing IPV during pregnancy in the study setting. Scale-up and adaptation to similar settings are recommended. Trial registration The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT05856214 on May 4, 2023.

• Agde, Zeleke Dutamo; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Assefa, Nega & Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera (2025). Effects of couple-based violence prevention education on male partners' knowledge, attitudes and controlling behavior related to intimate partner violence in rural Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Public Health. 13. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1506459. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Supportive attitudes toward wife-beating and the experience of controlling behavior from husbands have been known to increase the risks of intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of couple-based violence prevention education in addressing IPV-related knowledge, attitudes, and controlling behavior among male partners in rural Ethiopia. Method: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted using a two-arm parallel group design. The 16 clusters were randomly allocated into 8 intervention groups and 8 control groups. A total of 432 couples (432 male partners and 432 pregnant wives) participated in the trial. Couple-based violence prevention education (CBVPE) was provided to the participants in the intervention group, while the control group received routine or standard care. Difference-in-difference analysis and the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model were used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Result: At the endline, 94.4% of male partners in the intervention group and 94.9% in the control group were available for the intention-to-treat analysis. Male partners in the intervention group were 3.7 times more likely to have good knowledge about IPV compared to male partners in the control group (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI 2.6–5.4). Male partners in the intervention group were 67.6% less likely to report supportive attitudes toward wife–beating compared to those in the control group (AOR = 0.324; 95% CI 0.229–0.459). Also, the proportion of controlling behavior exhibited by male partners in the intervention group was 56.4% less compared to the control group (AOR = 0.436; 95% CI 0.317–0.600). Conclusion: The intervention proved effective in enhancing knowledge about IPV, reducing supportive attitudes toward wife-beating, and curbing controlling behaviors among male partners in the study setting. This approach holds promise for scaling up and adapting to similar contexts in Ethiopia. Trial registration: The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT05856214 on May 4, 2023.

• Agde, Zeleke Dutamo; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Assefa, Nega & Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera (2024). Knowledge and attitude toward intimate partner violence among couples: a baseline findings from cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Ethiopia. Frontiers in Public Health. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1467299. Full text in Research Archive
• Agde, Zeleke Dutamo; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Assefa, Nega & Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera (2024). The protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate couple-based violence prevention education and its ability to reduce intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Southwest Ethiopia. PLOS ONE. 19(5), p. e0303009–e0303009. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303009. Full text in Research Archive
• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Engebretsen, Eivind; Dolvik, Stina; Bratli, Elisabeth; Wiborg, Kersti & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2023). Changing praxis from within - an in-depth qualitative exploration of how home visits affected statutory service at a Child Health Clinic. Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families. ISSN 0882-5963. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.06.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Ousman, Seman Kedir; Gebremariam, Mekdes; Sundby, Johanne Sommerschild & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2022). Maternal exposure to intimate partner violence and uptake of maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia: Evidence from a national survey. PLOS ONE. 17(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273146. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Women exposed to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) often do not utilize maternal health care optimally both because of stigma and other social problems. The current study aims to explore an association between maternal healthcare seeking and violence exposure among Ethiopian women and to assess if educational attainment and wealth status moderate this association. Methods The analyses included 2836 (weighted) currently married women with one live birth. We focus on the five years preceding the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) who participate, in the domestic violence sub-study. Exposure was determined by maternal reports of physical, emotional, sexual IPV or any form of IPV. The utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and place of delivery were used as proxy outcome variables for uptake of skilled maternal healthcare utilization. Women’s education attainment and wealth status were selected as potential moderators, as they can enable women with psychological and financial resources to counteract impact of IPV. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between spousal IPV and maternal health outcomes. Moderation effects by education and wealth status were tested, and the data stratified. Using statistical software Stata MP 16.1, the restricted maximum likelihood method, we obtained the model estimates. Results About 27.5% of the women who reported exposure to any form of IPV had a health facility delivery. While 23.4% and 22.4% visited four or more antenatal care services among mothers exposed to emotional IPV and sexual IPV, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, only the association between maternal exposure to emotional IPV and adequate use of ANC was statistically significant (OR = 0.73, (95% CI:0.56–0.95)). But we found no significant association between IPV and utilization of health facility delivery. Some moderation effects of education and wealth in the association between IPV and maternal healthcare service utilization outcome were found. Conclusion Exposure to emotional IPV was associated with poor uptake of maternal health care service utilization for married Ethiopian women. While developing interventions to improve women’s maternal healthcare service use, it is crucial to consider the effects of socio-economic variables that moderate the association especially with the intersection of IPV.

• Røynesdal, Øystein; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Moen, Anne (2022). Pedagogical Approaches and Learning Activities, Content, and Resources Used in the Design of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the Health Sciences: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Research Protocols. 11(5). doi: 10.2196/35878. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Developing online, widely accessible educational courses, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), offer novel opportunities to advancing academic research and the educational system in resource-constrained countries. Despite much literature on the use of design-related features and principles of different pedagogical approaches when developing MOOCs, there are reports of inconsistency between the pedagogical approach and the learning activities, content, or resources in MOOCs. Objective: We present a protocol for a scoping review aiming to systematically identify and synthesize literature on the pedagogical approaches used, and the learning activities, content, and resources used to facilitate social interaction and collaboration among postgraduate learners in MOOCs across the health sciences. Methods: We will follow a 6-step procedure for scoping reviews to conduct a search of published and gray literature in the following databases: Medline via Ovid, ERIC, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PsychINFO. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and relevant full texts independently to determine eligibility for inclusion. The team will extract data using a predefined charting form and synthesize results in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Results: The scoping review is currently ongoing. As of March 2022, we have performed initial data searches and screened titles and abstracts of the studies we found but revised the search string owing to inaccurate results. We aim to start analyzing the data in June 2022 and expect to complete the scoping review by February 2023. Conclusions: With the results of this review, we hope to report on the use of pedagogical approaches and what learning activities, content, and resources foster social and collaborative learning processes, and to further elucidate how practitioners and academics can harvest our findings to bridge the gap between pedagogics and learning activities in the instructional design of MOOCs for postgraduate students in the health sciences.

• Ahmed, Misra Abdulahi; Fretheim, Atle; Argaw, Alemayehu & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2021). Determinants of knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding in rural pregnant women using validated instruments in Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(15). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18157930. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Understanding the underlying determinants of maternal knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding guides the development of context-specific interventions to improve breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to assess the level and determinants of breastfeeding knowledge and attitude using validated instruments in pregnant women in rural Ethiopia. In total, 468 pregnant women were interviewed using the Afan Oromo versions of the Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire (BFKQ-AO) and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS-AO). We standardized the breastfeeding knowledge and attitude scores and fitted multiple linear regression models to identify the determinants of knowledge and attitude. 52.4% of the women had adequate knowledge, while 60.9% of the women had a neutral attitude towards breastfeeding. In a multiple linear regression model, maternal occupation was the only predictor of the BFKQ-AO score (0.56SD; 95%CI, 1.28, 4.59SD; p = 0.009). Age (0.57SD; 95%CI, 0.24, 0.90SD; p = 0.001), parity (−0.24SD; 95%CI, −0.47, −0.02SD; p = 0.034), antenatal care visits (0.41SD; 95%CI, 0.07, 0.74SD; p = 0.017) and the BFKQ-AO score (0.08SD; 95% CI, 0.06, 0.09SD; p < 0.000) were predictors of the IIFAS-AO score. Nearly half of the respondents had inadequate knowledge and most women had a neutral attitude towards breastfeeding. Policymakers and managers could address these factors when planning educational interventions to improve breastfeeding practices.

• Ahmed, Misra Abdulahi; Fretheim, Atle; Argaw, Alemayehu & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2021). Breastfeeding Education and Support to Improve Early Initiation and Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices and Infant Growth: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial from a Rural Ethiopian Setting. Nutrients. 13(4), p. 1–15. doi: 10.3390/nu13041204. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Although peer-led education and support may improve breastfeeding practices, there is a paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions in the Ethiopian context. We designed a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of a breastfeeding education and support intervention (BFESI) on infant growth, early initiation (EI), and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices. We randomly assigned 36 clusters into either an intervention group (n = 249) receiving BFESI by trained Women’s Development Army (WDA) leaders or a control group (n = 219) receiving routine care. The intervention was provided from the third trimester of pregnancy until five months postpartum. Primary study outcomes were EI, EBF, and infant growth; secondary outcomes included maternal breastfeeding knowledge and attitude, and child morbidity. The intervention effect was analysed using linear regression models for the continuous outcomes, and linear probability or logistic regression models for the categorical outcomes. Compared to the control, BFESI significantly increased EI by 25.9% (95% CI: 14.5, 37.3%; p = 0.001) and EBF by 14.6% (95% CI: 3.77, 25.5%; p = 0.010). Similarly, the intervention gave higher breastfeeding attitude scores (Effect size (ES): 0.85SD; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.99SD; p < 0.001), but not higher knowledge scores (ES: 0.15SD; 95% CI: −0.10, 0.41SD; p = 0.173). From the several growth and morbidity outcomes evaluated, the only outcomes with significant intervention effect were a higher mid-upper arm circumference (ES: 0.25cm; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.49cm; p = 0.041) and a lower prevalence of respiratory infection (ES: −6.90%; 95% CI: −13.3, −0.61%; p = 0.033). Training WDA leaders to provide BFESI substantially improves EI and EBF practices and attitude towards breastfeeding

• Teshay, Yohannes Ejigu; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Sundby, Johanne & Magnus, Maria Christine (2020). Differences in Growth of HIV-exposed Uninfected Infants in Ethiopia According to Timing of In-utero Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. ISSN 0891-3668. 39(8), p. 730–736. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002678. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: There are concerns about the adverse effect of in-utero exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the growth of HIV exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants. We compared growth of HEU-infants according to the timing and type of ART exposure. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by abstracting clinical data from HIV-infected mothers and HEU-infants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between February 2013 and October 2016. Mixed-effects linear models were used to compare changes in weight and length and cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate stunting (length-for-age z score <−2.0) and underweight (weight-for-age z score <−2.0). Results: A total of 624 HEU-infants were included in the analyses. Infants exposed to ART from conception had a lower rate of change in length [β = −0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.00 to −0.08] the first 3 months of life, as compared with infants exposed from late pregnancy. Risk of stunting was 51.9 per 100 person-years and risk of underweight was 26.7 per 100 person-years. Exposure to ART from conception was associated with a higher rate of stunting as compared with exposure from late pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.27–2.99). Infants born to mothers with advanced disease had a higher incidence of underweight compared with infants born to mothers with early-stage disease adjusted hazard ratio = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.32–3.03). Conclusions: In HEU-infants, exposure to ART from conception was associated with decrease growth during early infancy and higher incidence of stunting compared with treatment exposure later in pregnancy. Close monitoring of HEU-infants’ growth and prompt nutritional intervention is essential.

• Gashaw, Bosena Tebeje; Schei, Berit; Solbrække, Kari Nyheim & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2020). Ethiopian Health Care Workers’ Insights into and Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy—A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103745. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Violence against women is a global pandemic, with the potential to spread through generations. Intimate partner violence has impacts on women’s sexual, reproductive, and psycho-social health. It can occur during pregnancy and adversely affect the health of both mother and child. Health care workers involved in antenatal care can have a unique role in identifying intimate partner violence and in intervening, preventing, and mitigating its consequences. In this study, the objective was to explore Ethiopian health care workers’ insights of and responses to intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Using an exploratory design, this qualitative study includes ten semi-structured interviews of health care workers representing different antenatal care centers in Jimma, Ethiopia. The content analyses of translated interview notes were conducted with Atlas.ti7 software, (Atlas.ti Scientific Software Development Gmbh, Berlin). The health care workers shared their insights of the consequences of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in addition to their experience with and responses to the victims. There was a limited understanding of the extent of the adverse impacts of intimate partner violence on pregnancy outcomes, as well as the potential long-term health implications. The informants described how they only gave medical treatment for obstetric complications or visible trauma during pregnancy. There was no formal referral to or linkages with other resources. Women’s empowerment and systemic changes in the health care, including training and capacity building, clear guidelines addressing management of intimate partner violence in pregnancy, and inclusion of intimate partner violence screening tools in the Ethiopian antenatal care chart/card, were recommended by the informants. The adverse impacts of intimate partner violence on pregnancy outcomes were poorly understood by the Ethiopian health care workers in this study. They offered limited assistance to the victims and recommended changes in the routine antenatal care (ANC) and health care systems. They identified various policy initiatives focusing on women’s empowerment to reduce intimate partner violence and its complications especially during pregnancy.

• Osman, Seman Kedir; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Sundby, Johanne & Gebremariam, Mekdes Kebede (2020). Uptake of Skilled Maternal Healthcare in Ethiopia: A Positive Deviance Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 17(5). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051712. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Risk factor approaches are often used when implementing programs aimed at enforcing advantageous health care behaviors. A less frequently-used strategy is to identify and capitalize on those who, despite risk factors, exhibit positive behaviors. The aim of our study was to identify positive deviant (PD) mothers for the uptake of skilled maternal services and to explore their characteristics. Data for the study came from two waves of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2011 and in 2016. PD mothers were defined as those reporting no formal education but with adequate use of antenatal care (ANC) and/or institutional delivery services. Two-level multilevel regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Factors associated with PD for the use of ANC services were: partner’s education status, involvement in household decision making, exposure to media, and distance to the health facility. Factors associated with PD for health facility delivery were: partner’s education, woman’s employment status, ANC visit during index pregnancy, exposure to media, and perceived challenge to reach health facility. Rural-urban and time-related differences were also identified. The positive deviance approach provides a means for local policy makers and program managers to identify factors facilitating improved health behaviour and ultimately better health outcomes while acknowledging adverse risk profiles.

• Ahmed, Misra Abdulahi; Fretheim, Atle; Alemayehu, Argaw & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2020). Adaptation and validation of the Iowa infant feeding attitude scale and the breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire for use in an Ethiopian setting. International Breastfeeding Journal. 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s13006-020-00269-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Validated instruments to assess breastfeeding knowledge and attitude are non-existent in Africa including Ethiopia. We aimed to adapt and validate the Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire (BFKQ) and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) for use in Afan Oromo (AO), the most widely spoken language in Ethiopia. Methods: After forward-backward translation into Afan Oromo, the instruments were reviewed for content validity by a panel of a nutritionist and pediatricians, and pretested on a sample of 30 mothers. Then, a cross-sectional study involving 468 pregnant women in their second and third trimester was conducted between May and August 2017 in the Manna district, Southwest Ethiopia, using the final versions of the adapted questionnaires. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to assess the construct validity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the predictive validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients to assess internal consistency. Results: Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), nine domains containing 34 items were extracted from the BFKQAO. A confirmatory factor analysis of the constructs from EFA confirmed construct validity of the instrument (χ2/ df = 2.11, RMSEA = 0.049, CFI = 0.845, TLI = 0.823). In factor analysis of the IIFAS, the first factor explained 19.7% of the total variance and the factor loadings and scree plot test suggested unidimensionality of the tool. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.79 for the BFKQ-AO and 0.72 for IIFAS-AO suggesting an acceptable internal consistency of both instruments. For the sensitivity and specificity in predicting intention of breastfeeding for ≥24 months, the area under the curve (AUC) was 82% for IIFAS score and 79% for BFKQ score. Conclusions: Here we present the first study that reported the use of the BFKQ and the IIFAS in Ethiopia. Our results showed that both BFKQ-AO and IIFAS-AO can be reliable and valid tools for measuring maternal breastfeeding knowledge and attitude in the study population, showing the potential for adapting these tools for application in a wider Ethiopian context. Keywords: Optimal breastfeeding, Knowledge, Attitude, IIFAS, Reliability, Validity, Developing country, Ethiopia

• Tsehay, Yohannes Ejigu; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Sundby, Johanne & Magnus, Maria Christine (2019). Pregnancy outcome among HIV-infected women on different antiretroviral therapies in Ethiopia: A cohort study. BMJ Open. 9(8). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027344. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective The objective of the study was to compare pregnancy outcomes according to maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens. Design A retrospective cohort study. Participants and settings Clinical data was extracted from ART exposed pregnancies of HIV-infected Ethiopian women attending antenatal care follow-up in public health facilities in Addis Ababa between February 2010 and October 2016. Outcomes The primary outcomes evaluated were preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age. results A total 1663 of pregnancies exposed to ART were included in the analyses. Of these pregnancies, 17% resulted in a preterm birth, 19% in low birth weight and 32% in a small-for-gestational-age baby. Compared with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiated during pregnancy, zidovudine monotherapy was less likely to result in preterm birth (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64) and low birth weight (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.94). We observed no differential risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age, when comparing women who initiated HAART during pregnancy to women who initiated HAART before conception. The risk for preterm birth was higher in pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.96) compared with pregnancies exposed to efavirenzbased HAART. Comparing nevirapine-based HAART with efavirenz-based HAART indicated no strong evidence of increased risk of low birth weight or small-for-gestationalage. Conclusions We observed a higher risk of preterm birth among women who initiated HAART during pregnancy compared with zidovudine monotherapy. Pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART also had a greater risk of preterm births compared with efavirenz-based HAART.

• Gashaw, Bosena Tebeje; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Schei, Berit & Solbrække, Kari Nyheim (2019). Community Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy—A Qualitative Study from Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 16(23), p. 1–13. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234694. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract:Intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy adversely affects the health of womenand unborn children. To prevent this, the community responses, societal systems, and structuresto support victims of IPV in pregnancy are vital. Objectives: to explore community stakeholders’perspectives related to IPV in pregnancy in Jimma, Ethiopia, and if needed, create the knowledgebase for interventions.Methods: using an exploratory design, this qualitative study hada maximum-variation (multiple spectrum sources) sampling strategy with 16 semi-structuredinterviews of purposively selected key informants representing different community institutions.Guided by Connell’s theory of gender and power, a content analysis of the translated interviewswas conducted using Atlas.ti 7 software. Results: reconciliation between IPV victims and theirabusers was the solution promoted by almost all the respondents. There was limited awareness ofthe adverse impacts IPV in pregnancy has on the health of the woman and the foetus. Despite regularencounters with victims, there is no organized or structured operational response to supportIPV victims between the participating institutions. Conclusion: the potential danger of IPV forthe mother or the unborn child was not well understood by the members of the studied Ethiopiancommunity. Neither coordinated efforts to support IPV victims nor links among relevant agenciesexisted. The study demonstrated the dire need of coordinated practical action, changes in currentsocio-cultural norms, formal training and capacity building, awareness creation, clear interventionguidelines, and facilitation of support networks among relevant institutions in Ethiopian communities

• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Torper, Johan & Zeanah, Paula (2019). Look to Norway: Serving new families and infants in a multiethnic population. Infant Mental Health Journal. ISSN 0163-9641. 40(5), p. 659–672. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21804. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Despite recognition that immigrant women face significant health challenges, addressing the healthcare needs of immigrants is a source of debate in the United States. Lack of adequate healthcare for immigrants is recognized as a social justice issue, and other countries have incorporated immigrants into their healthcare services. Oslo, the fastest growing capital in Europe, is rapidly shifting to a heterogeneous society prompting organizational action and change. The New Families Program serves first‐time mothers and their infants in an Oslo district serving 53% minorities from 142 countries. Anchored in salutogenic theory, the program aims to support the parent–child relationship, children's development and social adaptation, and to prevent stress‐related outcomes. Formative research has informed the successful program development and implementation within the existing maternal and child healthcare service. Implications for addressing maternal and child health needs of an immigrant population are presented.

• Ousman, Seman Kedir; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Thorsen, Viva Combs; Sundby, Johanne & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2019). Social determinants of antenatal care service use in ethiopia: Changes over a 15-year span. Frontiers in Public Health. 7. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00161. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Improving maternal health in Ethiopia is a major public health challenge. International studies indicate that it is possible to improve maternal health outcomes through action on the Social Determinants of Health (SDH). This study aimed to explore the SDH that influence the antenatal care (ANC) utilization in Ethiopia over time. Methods: The study used data from the nation-wide surveys conducted by the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (CSA) and ORC Macro International, USA in 2005, 2011, and 2016. A negative binomial with random effects at cluster level was used to model the number of ANC visits whereas a multilevel binary logistic regression modeled binary responses relating to whether a woman had at least 4 ANC visits or not. The model estimates were obtained with the statistical software Stata SE 15 using the restricted maximum likelihood method. Results: Although the median number of ANC visits significantly increased between 2005 and 2016, the majority of the women do not obtain the four ANC visits during pregnancy as recommended. The odds of having at least four ANC visits were significantly lower among women: below 20 years, those living in the rural areas, having higher birth order, or Muslim. In contrast, higher educational attainment, higher socio-economic status, exposure to mass media, and self-reporting decision empowerment were significantly associated with having at least four ANC visits. Conclusion: The use of ANC visits is driven mostly by the social determinants of health rather than individual health risk. The importance of the various SDHs needs to be recognized by Ministry of Health policy and program managers as a key driving force behind the country's challenges with reaching targets in the health agenda related to maternal health, particularly related to the recommended number of ANC visits.

• Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Bjørnerem, Åshild; Holvik, Kristin; Ranhoff, Anette Hylen & Emaus, Nina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Grip strength in men and women aged 50–79 years is associated with non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture during 15 years follow-up: The Tromsø Study 1994–1995. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 31. doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-05191-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In 50-79-year-olds who participated in the Tromso Study (1994-1995), the risk of non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures during 15 years follow-up increased by 22% in men and 9% in women per 1 SD lower grip strength. The strongest association was observed in men aged 50-64 years. INTRODUCTION: We aimed to explore whether low grip strength was associated with increased risk of non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture in the population-based Tromso Study 1994-1995. METHODS: Grip strength (bar) was measured by a Martin Vigorimeter and fractures were retrieved from the X-ray archives at the University Hospital of North Norway between 1994 and 2010. At baseline, weight and height were measured, whereas information on the other covariates were obtained through self-reported questionnaires. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of fracture in age- and gender-specific quintiles of grip-strength, and per 1 SD lower grip strength. Similar analyses were done solely for hip fractures. Adjustments were made for age, height, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, smoking, physical activity, use of alcohol, self-perceived health, and self-reported diseases. RESULTS: In 2891 men and 4002 women aged 50-79 years, 1099 non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures-including 393 hip fractures-were sustained during the median 15 years follow-up. Risk of non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture increased with declining grip strength: hazard ratios per SD decline was 1.22 (95% CI 1.05-1.43) in men and 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.18) in women. HR for fracture in lower vs. upper quintile was 1.58 (95% CI 1.02-2.45) in men and 1.28 (95% CI 1.03-1.59) in women. The association was most pronounced in men aged 50-64 years with HR = 3.39 (95% CI 1.76-6.53) in the lower compared to the upper quintile. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture increased with declining grip-strength in both genders, particularly in men aged 50-64 years

• Solbakken, Siri Marie; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Meyer, Haakon E; Dahl, Cecilie; Stigum, Hein & Søgaard, Anne-Johanne [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2019). Urban–Rural Differences in Hip Fracture Mortality: A Nationwide NOREPOS Study. JBMR Plus. 3(11). doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10236. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Higher hip fracture incidence in urban than in rural areas has been demonstrated, but urban–rural differences in posthip fracture mortality have been less investigated, and the results are disparate. Hence, the aims of the present register‐based cohort study were to examine possible urban–rural differences in short‐ and long‐term mortality in Norwegian hip fracture patients and their potential associations with sociodemographic variables, and to investigate possible urban–rural differences in excess mortality in hip fracture patients compared with the general population. Data were provided from the NOREPOS hip fracture database, the 2001 Population and Housing Census, and the National Registry. The urbanization degree in each municipality was determined by the proportion of inhabitants living in densely populated areas (rural: <1/3, semirural: 1/3 to 2/3, and urban: >2/3). Age‐adjusted mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios were calculated for hip fracture patients living in rural, semirural, and urban municipalities. A flexible parametric model was used to estimate age‐adjusted average and time‐varying HRs by category of urbanization with the rural category as reference. Among 96,693 hip fracture patients, urban residents had higher mortality than their rural‐dwelling counterparts. The HR of mortality in urban compared with rural areas peaked during the first 1 to 2 years postfracture with a maximum HR of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.30) in men and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.21) in women. The differences were significant during approximately 5 years after fracture. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables did not substantially change the results. However, absolute 30‐day mortality was not significantly different between urban and rural residents, suggesting that health‐care quality immediately postfracture does not vary by urbanization. The novel findings of a higher long‐term mortality in urban hip fracture patients might reflect disparities in health status or lifestyle, differences in posthip fracture health care or rehabilitation, or a combination of several factors. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

• Teshay, Yohannes Ejigu; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Sundby, Johanne & Magnus, Maria Christine (2019). Health outcomes of asymptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women initiating antiretroviral therapy at different baseline CD4 counts in Ethiopia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1201-9712. 82, p. 89–95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.02.019. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective To compare health outcomes following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for asymptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women at different CD4 levels. Methods We analyzed data from 706 asymptomatic HIV-infected Ethiopian women initiating ART during pregnancy between February 2012 and October 2016. The outcomes evaluated were CD4 gain, CD4 normalization (CD4 count ≥750 cells/mm3) and occurrence of HIV-related clinical events after twelve months of treatment. Result On average, CD4 count (cells/mm3) increased from 391 (95% CI: 372–409) at baseline to 523 (95% CI: 495–551) after twelve months of treatment. Rate of CD4 gain was higher among women with baseline CD4 between 350 and 499 compared to CD4 ≥500 (207 versus 6, p < 0.001). But women with baseline CD4 between 350 and 499 could not catch up with women with CD4 ≥500. Women with baseline CD4 ≥500 had significantly higher likelihood of achieving CD4 normalization as compared to those with CD4 between 350 and 499 (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.76). No strong evidence of differential risk in the occurrence of HIV-related clinical events. Conclusion Starting ART for asymptomatic HIV-infected women with CD4 count ≥500 cells/mm3 was beneficial to preserve or recover immunity after 12 months of treatment in a resource limited setting.

• Gashaw, Bosena Tebeje; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Schei, Berit (2018). Intimate partner violence and late entry into antenatal care in Ethiopia. Women and Birth. ISSN 1871-5192. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.12.008. Full text in Research Archive
• Ahmed, Misra Abdulahi; Fretheim, Atle & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2018). Effect of breastfeeding education and support intervention (BFESI) versus routine care on timely initiation and exclusive breastfeeding in Southwest Ethiopia: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics. 18(313). doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1278-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Infant mortality rates are still high in Ethiopia. Breastfeeding is regarded as the simplest and least expensive strategy for reduction of infant mortality rates. Community-based educational and support interventions provided prenatally and postnatally are effective in increasing breastfeeding rates. However, such interventions are not widely implemented in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the effect of breastfeeding education and support on timely initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial at the community level will be conducted to compare the effect of breastfeeding education and support versus routine care. The intervention will be provided by Women Development Army leaders who are already in the country’s health system using a 40-h WHO breastfeeding counseling course, “Infant and Young Child Feeding Counseling: an integrated course” and the “Training of Trainers Manual for Counseling on Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition” in the local language. Culturally appropriate operational packages of information will be developed for them. Using preset criteria at least 432 pregnant women in their third trimester will be recruited from 36 zones. Visits in the intervention arm include two prenatal visits and 8 postnatal visits. Supervisory visits will be conducted monthly to each intervention zone. Data will be entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using STATA version 13.0. All analysis will be done by intention to treat analysis. We will fit mixed-effects linear regression models for the continuous outcomes and mixed-effects linear probability models for the binary outcomes with study zone as random intercept to estimate study arm difference (intervention vs. routine education) adjusted for baseline value of the outcome and additional relevant covariates. The protocol was developed in collaboration with the Jimma Zone and Mana district Health office. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of University of Oslo and Jimma University. This study is partly funded by NORAD’s NORHED programme. Discussion We expect that the trial will generate findings that can inform breastfeeding policies and practices in Ethiopia. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 03030651 January 25, 2017 version 3 dated 16 July 2018.

• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Torper, Johan; Engebretsen, Eivind; Opsahl, Jorunn Neerland; Zeanah, Paula & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2018). Formative research in the development of a salutogenic early intervention home visiting program integrated in public child health service in a multiethnic population in Norway. BMC Health Services Research. 18(741). doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3544-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Few early intervention programs aimed at maternal and child health have been developed to be integrated in the existing Child Health Service in a country where the service is free, voluntary and used by the majority of the eligible population. This study presents the process and the critical steps in developing the “New Mothers” program. Methods Formative research uses a mixed method, allowing us to obtain data from multiple sources. A scoping review provided information on early intervention programs and studies, clarifying key elements when framing a new program. Key informant and focus group interviews offered insight of existing challenges, perceptions, identified power structures and offered reflections germane to the identified framework, securing user involvement at all stages. Monthly meetings with the project group enabled feedback loops for the data, securing program advancement. Results The “New Mothers” program was formed based on a salutogenic theory, emphasizing resistance and strengths. Public health nurses in the existing Child Health Service were to offer universally all first-time mothers and children home visits from gestational week 28 until the child reached 2 years, with motivational interviewing and empathic communication as methods to mentor the mothers, help them identify their strengths and resources, and provide support and information. Conclusions Using formative research as mixed method ensures incorporation of detailed information from multiple resources when an early intervention program is developed. This method secured program appropriateness, both culturally and at system level, when integrating new elements in the existing service.

• Gashaw, Bosena Tebeje; Schei, Berit & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2018). Social ecological factors and intimate partner violence in pregnancy. PLOS ONE. 13(3), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194681. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy increases adverse pregnancy outcomes. Knowledge of societal, community, family and individual related factors associated with IPV in pregnancy is limited in Ethiopia. Our study examined these factors in an Ethiopian context. Materials and methods A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care at governmental health institutions, using a consecutive probability sampling strategy. A total of 720 pregnant women were interviewed by five trained nurses or midwives, using a standardized and /pretested survey questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to assess factors contributing to IPV. We used Akaike’s information criteria, to identify the model that best describes the factors influencing IPV in pregnancy. Results Among the women interviewed, physical IPV was reported by 35.6%, and lifetime emotional or physical abuse by 81.0%. Perceiving violence as a means to settle interpersonal conflicts, presence of supportive attitudes of wife beating in the society, regarding violence as an expression of masculinity, and presence of strict gender role differences in the society, were all positively associated to IPV in pregnancy. The presence of groups legitimizing men’s violence in the community, feeling isolated, having no social support for victims, and presence of high unemployment, were the perceived community related factors positively associated with IPV in pregnancy. Conclusion IPV in pregnancy is very prevalent in Ethiopia and is associated with multiple social ecologic factors. Reduction of IPV in pregnancy calls for cross sectorial efforts from stakeholders at different levels.

• Tollan, Anne & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2018). Misogyny – a silent epidemic in the health service. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.1107. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. & Kumar, Bernadette. N (2016). Rett til helse - menneskerettighet eller ikke? Omsorg: Nordisk tidsskrift for Palliativ Medisin. ISSN 0800-7489. 33(4), p. 51–56. Full text in Research Archive
• Solbakken, Siri Marie; Meyer, Haakon E; Stigum, Hein; Søgaard, Anne-Johanne; Holvik, Kristin & Magnus, Jeanette H. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Excess mortality following hip fracture: impact of self-perceived health, smoking, and body mass index. A NOREPOS study. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 28(3), p. 881–887. doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3795-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Højdahl, Torunn; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Hagen, Roger & Langeland, Eva (2015). Emotional distress and sense of coherence in women completing a motivational program in five countries. A prospective study. International Journal of Prisoner Health. ISSN 1744-9200. 11(3), p. 169–182. doi: 10.1108/IJPH-10-2014-0037. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate changes in, and associations between, sense of coherence (SOC) and emotional distress in women who participated in an accredited motivational program (VINN) in correctional institutions in five countries. Design/methodology/approach – A prospective study with a pre- and post-test design included 316 participants from Sweden, Estonia, Denmark, Russia and Norway. Global emotional distress was measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. SOC was measured using the 13-item Orientation to Life Questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance and multilevel regression models were used in the statistical analyses. Findings – An increase in SOC was associated with a decrease in emotional distress. Emotional distress decreased significantly −3.80 points (95 percent CI (−4.61, −2.97)), and SOC significantly improved from pre- to post-measurement by 1.82 points (95 percent CI (0.72, 2.92)), regardless of country and correctional institution. Practical implications – The results add new knowledge regarding a coherent theoretical foundation of a motivational program for women. The ability of a program promoting health is important for researchers, health-care workers and facilitators delivering programs for women in correctional facilities. An increase in SOC can act as a protective factor in order to manage stressors and risk factors among women serving in correctional facilities. Originality/value – The present study indicates that enhancing women’s coping resources and providing income alternatives to crime is fundamental to their capacity to desist from criminal behavior.

• Omsland, Tone Kristin; Eisman, John A.; Næss, Øyvind; Center, Jacqueline R; Gjesdal, Clara Gram & Tell, Grethe Seppola [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). Educational inequalities in post-hip fracture mortality: a NOREPOS studys. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. ISSN 0884-0431. 30(12), p. 2221–2228. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2579. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hip fractures are associated with high excess mortality. Education is an important determinant of health, but little is known about educational inequalities in post-hip fracture mortality. Our objective was to investigate educational inequalities in post-hip fracture mortality and to examine whether comorbidity or family composition could explain any association. We conducted a register-based population study of Norwegians aged 50 years and older from 2002 to 2010. We measured total mortality according to educational attainment in 56,269 hip fracture patients (NORHip) and in the general Norwegian population. Both absolute and relative educational inequalities in mortality in people with and without hip fracture were compared. There was an educational gradient in post-hip fracture mortality in both sexes. Compared with those with primary education only, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of mortality in hip fracture patients with tertiary education was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-0.87) in men and 0.79 (95% CI 0.75-0.84) in women. Additional adjustments for Charlson comorbidity index, marital status, and number of children did not materially change the estimates. Regardless of educational attainment, the 1-year age-adjusted mortality was three- to fivefold higher in hip fracture patients compared with peers in the general population without fracture. The absolute differences in 1-year mortality according to educational attainment were considerably larger in hip fracture patients than in the population without hip fracture. Absolute educational inequalities in mortality were higher after hip fracture compared with the general population without hip fracture and were not mediated by comorbidity or family composition. Investigation of other possible mediating factors might help to identify new targets for interventions, based on lower educational attainment, to reduce post-hip fracture mortality.

• Saketkoo, Lesley Ann; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Doyle, Mittie K. (2014). The primary care physician in the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis: The cornerstone of recognition and hope. American Journal of the Medical Sciences. ISSN 0002-9629. 347(1), p. 54–63. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3182a55d24. Full text in Research Archive
• Omsland, Tone Kristin; Emaus, Nina; Tell, Grethe Seppola; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Ahmed, Luai Awad & Holvik, Kristin [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2014). Mortality following the first hip fracture in Norwegian women and men (1999-2008): A NOREPOS study. Bone. ISSN 8756-3282. 63, p. 81–86. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.02.016. Full text in Research Archive
• Omsland, Tone Kristin & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2014). Forecasting the burden of future postmenopausal hip fractures. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 25(10), p. 2493–2496. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2781-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Solbakken, Siri Marie; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Meyer, Haakon E; Emaus, Nina; Tell, Grethe Seppola & Holvik, Kristin [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). Impact of comorbidity, age, and gender on seasonal variation in hip fracture incidence. A NOREPOS study. Archives of Osteoporosis. ISSN 1862-3522. 9. doi: 10.1007/s11657-014-0191-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Højdahl, Torunn; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Langeland, Eva (2014). A bridge to change: Experiences of participation in “VINN”— a motivational program for convicted women. EuroVista. ISSN 2042-7026. 3(2), p. 81–96. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The objective of this study was to examine women’s perceptions after participation in a motivational and gender-sensitive program (VINN) and to explore what was experienced as helpful. The qualitative data consisted of reports and transcriptions from 13 group interviews with 65 participants on probation or imprisoned in Sweden, Denmark, Russia, Estonia and Norway. The data were analysed according to systematic text condensation. The participants’ perceptions could be grouped into the following clusters: confidence and trust, deeper understanding, change and future hopes. The women appreciated the collaborative atmosphere focusing on quality of life, autonomy, strengths, coping and resources. The most beneficial experiences reported, regardless of country, were that their personal repertoires of actions were expanded during their participation, and their confidence in their ability to desist from crime and substance abuse in the future increased. The results support the program’s salutogenic approach combined with motivational interviewing as a bridge to change. Future research should investigate whether the participants report sustainability of the changes.

• Ma, Ping; Magnus, Maria Christine & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2013). Perception of Pregnancy Related Health Issues Among Arab Women Living in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. ISSN 1557-1912. 15(2), p. 273–280. doi: 10.1007/s10903-012-9589-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Ethnic minorities living in the US have lower utilization and access to prenatal care, resulting in an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study examines utilization of prenatal care, perceived pregnancy related health, and perceived risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Arab women living in the USA cross-sectional study was conducted, consisting of a convenience sample of 170 Arab women. A structured questionnaire was administered by a face-to-face or telephone interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals, controlling for potential confounders. All study participants had received prenatal care during their most recent pregnancy, and 90% had their first prenatal care visit before the 12th gestational week. The Arab women who were older (P = 0.02), those with 12 years of education or less (P = 0.002), and those who had lived in the US more than five years (P = 0.0002) were more likely to report four or more pregnancies. In addition, more than one-third of the women reported having experienced a miscarriage (35.4%), which was significantly associated with gravida status (P < 0.001). An association between perceived susceptibility for spontaneous abortion and stillbirth was also demonstrated (P < 0.0001). Although Arab women reported good coverage of prenatal care, they perceived themselves as susceptible for several pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clinical guidelines for prenatal care to Arab women should therefore focus on their high parity and likelihood of miscarriages, in an attempt to reduce their risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2013). The effect of golimumab on haemoglobin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. ISSN 1462-0324. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket233. Full text in Research Archive
• Højdahl, Torunn; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Hagen, Roger & Langeland, Eva (2013). "VINN" - An accredited motivational program promoting convicted women's sense of coherence and coping. EuroVista. ISSN 2042-7026. 2(3), p. 177–190. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article aims to present a motivational program addressing rehabilitative needs specific to convicted women. The article shows how Antonovsky’s theory of Salutogenesis, its main concepts of Sense of Coherence and General Resistance Resources, are used as theoretical framework of this correctional program. Social cognitive theory (self-efficacy), the Transtheoretical Model of Change and the communication style of Motivational Interviewing are used as supportive methods to complement the salutogenetic approach. The “VINN program”,as presented here, consists of 15 topics, four individual interviews as well as homework exercises. The goal of the program is to motivate the women to explore what challenges are worthwhile to engage in, what makes sense to them,increase their Sense of Coherence and their Quality of Life, and give confidence to desist from crime.The program is accredited by the Norwegian and Swedish correctional services. This article advocates using a salutogenetic approach as a new valuable direction in creating programs for convicted women.

• Furst, Daniel E.; Kay, Jonathan; Wasko, Mary Chester; Keystone, Edward; Kavanaugh, Arthur & Deodhar, Atul [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2013). The effect of golimumab on haemoglobin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. ISSN 1462-0324. 52(10), p. 1845–1855. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket233. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of golimumab on haemoglobin levels in patients with RA, PsA or AS. METHODS: Secondary analysis was performed on integrated data from five randomized controlled studies: three RA, one PsA and one AS (2303 patients total). Golimumab 50 or 100 mg was injected s.c. every 4 weeks with or without MTX. Control groups received placebo injections plus MTX or background therapy. Patients with haemoglobin levels below the age- and sex-specific normal ranges were considered to have anaemia. Ferritin levels were used to distinguish anaemia of mixed aetiology (≥ 15 and <60 ng/ml) and anaemia of inflammation (≥ 60 ng/ml). Changes from baseline to weeks 14 and 24 in haemoglobin level were compared between treatment groups using an analysis of variance on the van der Waerden normal scores. RESULTS: At baseline, 21% of RA patients, 9% of PsA patients and 15% of AS patients had anaemia. Of these, 24%, 57% and 25%, respectively, had anaemia of inflammation. The median increase from baseline to week 14 in the haemoglobin level of anaemic patients was 0.3 g/dl in the control group and 0.9 g/dl in the golimumab group (P < 0.001). Haemoglobin levels improved within the subgroups of patients with anaemia of mixed aetiology (control, 0.4 g/dl vs golimumab, 0.7 g/dl) (P = 0.305) and with anaemia of inflammation (0.2 vs 1.4 g/dl, respectively) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, patients receiving golimumab treatment had significantly improved haemoglobin levels, particularly among patients with anaemia of inflammation.

• Ma, Ping; Brewer-Asling, Marci & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2013). A Case Study on the Economic Impact of Optimal Breastfeeding. Maternal and Child Health Journal. ISSN 1092-7875. 17(1), p. 9–13. doi: 10.1007/s10995-011-0942-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  To develop a framework, using Louisiana as a case study, for estimating the potential cost savings to individual states if families were able to meet current recommendations for breastfeeding. Using cost-analyses methods, cost savings, as well as, case and death reductions of infant illnesses and deaths on four selected infant diseases (respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) were calculated utilizing the most recent data of breastfeeding and low/very low birth weight rates in Louisiana. To estimate the incidence of a disease in exclusive breastfed infants and formula fed infants respectively, we used the following formula: x = s/br + 1 - b. Here "x" is the incidence rate of one disease in formula fed infants, "s" is the overall incidence of the disease, "b" is current breastfeeding rate and "r" is the odds ratios in favor of breastfeeding. A total of $216,103,368 could be saved and 18 infant deaths prevented, by these four conditions alone, if 90% of newborns in Louisiana were exclusive breastfed for the first 6 months of life ($186,371,125 in savings and 16 infant deaths prevented with 80% compliance). Increased rates of breastfeeding to the level of Healthy People 2020 goals and beyond would yield significant cost savings to Louisiana. Other US states can use the presented framework to demonstrate cost savings associated with breastfeeding promotion and support interventions in their respective states.

• Ma, Ping & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2012). Exploring the concept of positive deviance related to breastfeeding initiation in black and white WIC enrolled first time mothers. Maternal and Child Health Journal. ISSN 1092-7875. 16(8), p. 1583–1593. doi: 10.1007/s10995-011-0852-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. & Guise, JM (2012). Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health Directors. Best practices and pearls in interdisciplinary mentoring from Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health Directors. Journal of Women's Health. ISSN 1540-9996. 21(11), p. 1114–1127. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2012.3788. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Increasingly, national programs and leaders are looking at interdisciplinary collaborations as essential to future research. Twelve years ago, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) developed and implemented the Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) K12 program to focus on interdisciplinary mentored career development for junior faculty in women's health research. METHODS: We applied a mixed-methods approach using an electronic survey and in-person presentations and discussions to understand best practices and lessons learned for interdisciplinary mentoring across BIRCWH K12 program leaders. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We received responses from all 29 active BIRCWH programs. Factors associated with success included ensuring sufficient protected time for regular (weekly or biweekly) mentoring; mentors promoting the research independence of the Scholar; a team mentoring approach, including career as well as content mentors; and explicit and clear expectations outlined between the Scholar and mentor. The majority of programs conduct formal evaluations of mentorship, and 79% of programs offer training in mentorship for either Scholars, mentors, or both. This article presents program leaders' best practices, challenges, and lessons learned from mentoring junior faculty who are conducting women's health research, whether basic, clinical, behavioral, translational, or health services research, using an interdisciplinary mentoring approach.

• Avery, AB & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2011). Expectant Fathers' and Mothers' Perceptions of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding: A Focus Group Study in Three US Cities. Journal of Human Lactation. ISSN 0890-3344. 27(3), p. 147–154. Full text in Research Archive
• McGee, Jennifer & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2011). Race and Gender are not Independent Risk Factors of Allograft Loss after Kidney Transplantation. American Journal of Surgery. ISSN 0002-9610. 201, p. 463–467. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.01.032. Full text in Research Archive
• Wu, Qing; Lefante, JJ; Rice, JC & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2011). Age, Race, Weight and Gender Impact Normative Values of Bone Mineral Density. Gender Medicine. ISSN 1550-8579. 8, p. 189–201. doi: 10.1016/j.genm.2011.04.004. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Maria Christine; Ma, Ping & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2011). Effectiveness of Mammography Screening in Reducing Breast Cancer Mortality in Women Ages 39-49 Years - A Meta-analysis. Journal of Womens Health & Gender-Based Medicine. ISSN 1524-6094. p. 845–852. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. & Domino, SE (2011). Interdisciplinary Research Career Development: Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health Program Best Practices. Journal of Womens Health & Gender-Based Medicine. ISSN 1524-6094. 20(11), p. 1587–1601. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3165. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institutes and Centers and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) have sponsored an interdisciplinary research career development program in five funding cycles since 2000 through a K12 mechanism titled "Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH)." As of 2010, 407 scholars have been supported in interdisciplinary women's health research and a total of 63 BIRCWH program awards have been made to 41 institutions across the U.S. METHODS: In an effort to share practical approaches to interdisciplinary research training, currently funded BIRCWH sites were invited to submit 300-word bullet-point style summaries describing their best practices in interdisciplinary research training following a common format with an emphasis on practices that are innovative, can be reproduced in other places, and advance women's health research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-six program narratives provide unique perspectives along with common elements and themes in interdisciplinary research training best practices.

• Magnus, Jeanette H.; Martin, AE & Cunningham, SC (2011). Professional development using student-led, community-based activities. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. ISSN 1078-4659. 17, p. 354–357. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3182140c18. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As a community health education center affiliated with an academic institution, we recognize that by investing in the professional development of our students, we not only maximize our own outcomes but those of our students as well. Our project, Creating Community Connections, was developed to aid the work of our Center in characterizing the evolving community landscape following Hurricane Katrina while providing opportunities for students to engage in experiential learning. Students in the project could gain skills in program planning and community assessment, as well as leadership and communications. Twenty-three students worked on the project during its 2 years, developing data collection tools, organizing and conducting key informant interviews, facilitating focus groups and community forums, managing data, and summarizing project findings for community presentations. Participation in this project allowed our students to grow as public health leaders and researchers while gaining a greater appreciation for community collaboration.

• Magnus, Jeanette H.; Doyle, MK & Srivastav, S (2010). Self-reported Rheumatoid Arthritis and Hyperuricemia in a Multiethnic Adult Female Population. Current Medical Research and Opinion. ISSN 0300-7995. 27, p. 2157–2163. Full text in Research Archive
• Wu, Qing; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Rice, J & Lefante, JJ (2010). Does Using Lower Limit of Normal Normative Values Enhance the Ability of a Single Bone Mineral Density Measure to Predict Fractures? Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 21, p. 1881–1888. Full text in Research Archive
• McGee, Jennifer; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Islam, TM (2010). Donor-recipient gender and size mismatch affects graft success after kidney transplantation. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. ISSN 1072-7515. 210, p. 718–725. Full text in Research Archive
• Lindekleiv, Håkon; Sendstad, K Valen; Mardal, KA; Morgan, MK; Faulder, K & Magnus, Jeanette H. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Sex Differences in Intracranial Bifurcation Geometry and Blood Flow Velocity Result in Stronger Hemodynamic Forces Acting upon the Female Vessel Wall. Gender Medicine. ISSN 1550-8579. 7, p. 149–155. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H.; Shankar, A & Broussard, DL (2010). Self Report of Depressive Symptoms in African American and White Women in Primary Care. Journal of the National Medical Association. ISSN 0027-9684. 102, p. 389–395. Full text in Research Archive
• Wu, Qing; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Hentz, JG (2010). Urinary Cadmium, Osteopenia, and Osteoporosis in the US Population. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 21, p. 1449–1454. Full text in Research Archive
• Avery, AB; Zimmermann, K.; Underwood, PW & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2009). Confident Commitment is a Key Factors for Sustained Breastfeeding. Birth. ISSN 0730-7659. 36, p. 141–148. Full text in Research Archive
• Wu, Qing; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Liu, J; Bencaz, AF & Hentz, JG (2009). Depression and Low Bone Mineral Density: A Meta-analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 20, p. 1309–1320. Full text in Research Archive

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• Diaz, Esperanza; Moen, Bente Elisabeth; Alme, Maria Nordheim; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Kumar, Bernadette. N & Øderud, Tone (2022). "Å kreve betaling fra utenlandske studenter viser at vi ikke har lært av pandemien". Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2022). Importance of addressing sex and gender in research and education. Full text in Research Archive
• Eikemo, Terje Andreas; Fife, Paul Richard; Haavardsson, Ingeborg K; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Sandøy, Ingvild Fossgard (2021). Pandemiens klasseforskjeller. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Onsdag 14. april 2021 la Koronakommisjonen frem sin rapport om myndighetenes håndtering av pandemien. Rapporten konkluderer med at vi burde vært bedre forberedt på en slik krise, men påpeker at vi må forberede oss på en ny. Leder av kommisjonen Stener Kvinnesland påpeker at pandemien har truffet oss ulikt. Vanskeligstilte har fått det vanskeligere. I denne kronikken forklarer vi hvorfor dette skjer både i Norge og andre land, og hva vi kan gjøre med det.

• Glavin, Kari; Dolvik, Stina; Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Berg, Rigmor & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2019). “New families”: Innovation and Development of the Child Health Services in Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2019). Discrimination and Health, Migrant Health: A Primary Care Perspective. CRC Press. ISSN 9781138498044. p. 55–63. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H.; Tushune, Kora & Haileamlak, Abraham (2019). From needs assessment to academic leadership training for women in Ethiopia. In Halvorsen, Tor; Orgeret, Kristin & Krøvel, Roy (Ed.), Sharing knowledge, transforming Societies : The Norhed programme 2013-2020. African Minds. ISSN 9781928502005. p. 457–474. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In June 2016, the Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development (Norhed) hosted a conference on the theme of ‘knowledge for development’ in an attempt to shift the focus of the programme towards its academic content. This book follows up on that event.The conference highlighted the usefulness of presenting the value of Norhed’s different projects to the world, showing how they improve knowledge and expand access to it through co-operation. A wish for more meta-knowledge was also expressed and this gives rise to the following questions: Is this way of co-operating contributing to the growth of independent post-colonial knowledge production in the South, based on analyses of local data and experiences in ways that are relevant to our shared future? Does the growth of academic independence, as well as greater equality, and the ability to develop theories different to those imposed by the better-off parts of the world, give rise to deeper understandings and better explanations? Does it, at least, spread the ability to translate existing methodologies in ways that add meaning to observations of local context and data, and thus enhance the relevance and influence of the academic profession locally and internationally? This book, in its varied contributions, does not provide definiteanswers to these questions but it does show that Norhed is a step in the right direction. Norhed is an attempt to fund collaboration within and between higher education institutions. We know that both the uniqueness of this programme, and ideas of how to better utilise the learning and experience emerging from it, call for more elaboration and broader dissemination before we can offer further guidance on how to do things better. This book is a first attempt.

• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2019). International collaboration for PhD training. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordström, Charlott; Ingelby, D; Dias, Sónia; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Kumar, Bernadette. N (2019). Country Assessments: Identifying gaps in policy and practice to address equity in health for migrants. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.064. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2018). Bredt om helseledelse. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0885. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2017). Hjemmebesøk fra helsestasjonen – et salutogenetisk perspektiv. Full text in Research Archive
• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Dolvik, Stina & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2017). A universal approach to recruitment in a home visiting program in a multiethnic district in Oslo. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 27. Full text in Research Archive
• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Dolvik, Stina & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2017). The advantages of home visits compared to providing care in a clinic setting. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 27. Full text in Research Archive
• Dolvik, Stina; Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2017). How to scale up an early intervention home visiting program. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 27. Full text in Research Archive
• Kumar, Bernadette. N & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2017). Migrasjon og helsefremmende arbeid. In Tellnes, Gunnar (Eds.), Helsefremmende samhandling - Natur og kultur som folkehelse. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245016963. p. 146–155. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Helsefremmende samhandling er en bok om hvordan gode krefter kan arbeide for et sunt og trygt lokalsamfunn. Leseren innføres i et salutogent perspektiv heller enn en patologisk orientert tilnærming. Hovedtanken er å styrke individ, samfunn og miljø mot bedre folkehelse, trivsel og velferd. Helsefremmende natur- og kulturaktiviteter kan benyttes av alle uten de store kostnadene. Boken viser bredden i folkehelsearbeidet, er kunnskapsbasert og refererer til praktiske erfaringer, undersøkelser og fakta. De ulike kapittelforfatterne viser hvordan denne tilnærmingen kan supplere den tradisjonelle behandling som tilbys i dagens helsevesen og NAV. De bidrar dessuten til en bærekraftig utvikling, og til forebygging av helseplager blant alle innbyggerne, også innvandrere. Denne boken er aktuell for studenter og de som jobber innen folkehelse, samfunnsmedisin og forebyggende helsearbeid. Dette gjelder folkehelsekoordinatorer, leger, sykepleiere, psykologer og lærere, samt ansatte i ideelle organisasjoner, NAV, sosialomsorg, offentlige etater og næringsliv. Gunnar Tellnes er professor i samfunnsmedisin ved Universitetet i Oslo og rådgivende overlege i NAV Akershus. Han var initiativtaker til Nasjonalt senter for Natur-Kultur-Helse (NaKuHel) i Asker.

• Magnus, Jeanette H. & Haileamlak, Abraham (2016). Capacity Exchange between Norway and Ethiopia in Higher Education. Full text in Research Archive
• Opsahl, Jorun Neerland; Dolvik, Stina; Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Bratli, Elisabeth; Hjelmerud, Thorild & Wiborg, KA [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Integration of a comprehensive home visit program for first time mothers in a multiethnic Norwegian district. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2016). University Partnership for Development. Full text in Research Archive
• Torper, Johan; Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Andersen, Tone; Opsahl, Jorun Neerland & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2016). Administrative participation in development of new preventive maternal and child health services – lessons learned from multiethnic community in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2016). Transforming Academic Partnerships with the Global South. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2016). Migration and health: Authorities' responsibilities and civil society organizations' role. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2016). Political Determinants of global health. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2016). Capacity Exchange between Norway and Ethiopia. Full text in Research Archive
• Dolvik, Stina; Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Bratli, Elisabeth; Hjelmerud, Thorild; Opsahl, Jorun Neerland & Wiborg, KA [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Advancing public health nursing care in a multi ethic population – Critical reflection captures needs for training and assessment. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2016). Ny i Norge – minoritetshelse. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H.; Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Torper, Johan & Sletnes, Kari Elisabeth (2015). Academic municipality partnership advancing practice anchored research agenda. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 25, p. 174–174. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In Norway few municipalities initiate research. According to policy they have an accomplice liability, but no responsibility in financing or conducting research. Thus a limited amount of research is implemented on the municipality’s premises. How can an academic community partnership between the City Health Department and the University in Oslo facilitate and increase the participation of practitioners in all aspects of the research process? The Municipality of Oslo and the University of Oslo signed partnership intent to encourage cooperation in research, education, personnel and service development and innovation. Needs assessment exploring the priority areas for collaboration and strengthening was undertaken. Ongoing and potential research projects and collaborative efforts were identified. A total of 12 cooperative research projects, all with a health perspective, have been initiated. Of these 6 are linked to PhD projects. The largest public health project, “New mothers”, is anchored in the municipality health service, based on the needs and challenges of the maternal and child population. Initially as pilot in one of the districts in Oslo, it is now supported by the city council and anchored in the administration. Employing community based participatory methods including all stakeholders in the district; the mothers, the Medical chief, the Mother and Child Health Care Service; we were able to design, implement and demonstrate the prospects of the project. Policy guides intent but not responsibility for conducting research at municipal levels in Norway. Academic community partnership facilitates community anchored research projects. Community based participatory methods facilitate design, implementation, support and success of research projects. Academic community partnership increases success of policy anchored public health research in the municipality enhancing efficacy and quality of health services.

• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Opsahl, Jorun Neerland; Hjelmerud, Thorild; Wiborg, KA; Bratli, Elisabeth & Magnus, Jeanette H. (2015). Use of critical reflection in advancing public health nursing care in a multi ethic population. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 25, p. 414–414. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Description of the problem: Stovner district has 30 100 inhabitants, 49% minorities from 137 countries, is located in Oslo, Norway. All pregnant mothers and children are offered free health care services and reaches 96% of the eligible population. Public health nurse (PHNs) offer services for mother and child, including health check-ups and vaccinations. “New mothers” is an early intervention public health project, aimed at improving parent and child relationship, child development, children's social adaptation, school readiness, and possibly reduce costly secondary and tertiary preventive measures. Each new mother is invited to have a “family” PHN that visit her during pregnancy and follow her until the child is two years. This is a new way of working for the PHNs and the challenges are to document the strategies used and knowledge adopted by the PHNs during this experience. Results: Through monthly reflection papers guided by semi-structured questions, the PHNs are encouraged to critically reflect on their choices and strategies. The cases and reflections are openly discussed each month in a group with the PHNs, the project coordinator and the evaluator. This is to capture and discuss the methods, experience and knowledge used. This facilitates peer learning between the PHNs, as well as offering a coherent method for the data collection for the evaluation, and future scale-up and training. Lessons: PHNs experience the process of writing reflection papers as an opportunity to critical reflects on own practice. Group discussions opens for peer learning and increases ability to reflect on own practice. Use of Critical reflection in public health nursing care in a multi ethic population facilitates project evaluation and identifies core competencies required for scale-up and training. Main message: Critical reflection is a useful method to capture praxis, advance practitioner’s knowledge, evaluate impact of change in practice, and capture knowledge adopted during service development.

• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Torper, Johan & Opsahl, Jorun Neerland (2015). Early intervention home visiting program in a multi ethnic population. European Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1101-1262. 25, p. 473–473. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2015). The importance of sex and gender lenses in health research. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2015). Kvinnehelse forskning - kilde til innovasjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Højdahl, Torunn; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Langeland, Eva (2014). Experiences of a motivational program (VINN), promoting convicted women`s sense of coherence and coping. Full text in Research Archive
• Solbakken, Siri Marie; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Meyer, Haakon E; Emaus, Nina; Tell, Grethe Seppola & Holvik, Kristin [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). IMPACT OF SEASON AND COMORBIDITY ON HIP FRACTURE INCIDENCE. A NOREPOS STUDY. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H.; Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg & Torper, Johan (2014). Health Disparity and social inclusion – home visits to new mothers, a feasibility study. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2014). Osteoporosis. Full text in Research Archive
• Højdahl, Torunn; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Langeland, Eva (2014). ‘A bridge to change’. Experiences of a motivational program (VINN), promoting convicted women`s sense of coherence and coping. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2014). Kreft og helseulikheter. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2014). Kvinnehelse- hvorfor angår det deg. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2014). Diabetes og helseulikheter. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2014). The political origins of health inequity - Political determinants of global health. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2014). Kvinnehelse- medisinsk og politisk aktuelt i 2014? Full text in Research Archive
• Omsland, Tone Kristin; Emaus, Nina; Holvik, Kristin; Tell, Grethe S; Ahmed, Luai Awad & Center, Jackie [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2013). GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY FOLLOWING FIRST HIP FRACTURE IN 81,867 NORWEGIAN WOMEN AND MEN: THE NORWEGIAN EPIDEMIOLOGIC OSTEOPOROSIS STUDIES. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 24, p. S257–S257. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. (2013). The Lancet-UiO Commission on global health. Full text in Research Archive
• Magnus, Jeanette H. & Avery, Alexis (2012). Father's perceptions on infant feeding. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. ISSN 0883-6612. 43, p. S25–S25. doi: 10.1177/0890334410395753. Full text in Research Archive
• Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Torper, Johan & Engebretsen, Eivind (2025). Development of a salutogenic early intervention home visiting program integrated in public child health clinic service in a multiethnic population in Norway. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788234806520. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This dissertation is in the field of public health, specifically early childhood health promotion, and involves developing a salutogenic early-intervention home visit program integrated within public Child Health Clinic (CHC) services. It addresses three main issues: (1) the feasibility of implementing a universal, non-stigmatizing home visiting program within existing CHC structures; (2) the key elements of program praxis required for effective delivery by public health nurses (PHNs); and (3) the program’s acceptability to first-time parents. Qualitative methods were applied across three studies. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with users of the CHC, program participating first-time parents, public health nurses (PHN) and stakeholders, as well as a scoping review and reviews of relevant service guidelines. The data were analyzed to evaluate program feasibility, praxis, and user acceptability. Key findings: Integrating a salutogenic, home visiting program into existing CHC services is feasible. Trust-building between PHNs and parents was fundamental; PHNs also reported improved role clarity and job satisfaction from deeper engagement. Parents, initially sceptical, grew to appreciate the consistent, empathetic support provided in their homes. The program’s universal design (offered to all first-time families) successfully engaged families who might not be identified as at-risk through routine screening. In conclusion, a co-created home visiting program can be effectively integrated into standard CHC services and is well received by families and PHNs. The dissertation highlights the importance of trust-building, continuity of care, early prenatal engagement, and a universal approach to avoid stigma. It also underscores the value of academic–public sector collaboration and active user involvement in developing public health interventions. These findings contribute to public health by offering a blueprint for implementing the program within existing services.

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