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Eshete, Million Tesfaye; Tomson, Goran; Ottersen, Ole Petter; Tomson, Tanja; Wanyenze, Rhoda K. & Meng, Qingyue
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Power in Global Health: A Narrative Review, Relational Framework, and Systems-Based Analysis.
International Journal of Health Policy and Management.
15(1),
p. 1–15.
doi:
10.34172/ijhpm.9698.
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Background Power is routinely invoked to explain health inequities and governance failures in global health, yet existing work is conceptually fragmented, weakly connected to empirical analysis, and prone to what is referred to as the “power-as-resource fallacy”: the conflation of power bases (what actors possess) with power relationships (how actors influence one another). This narrative review examines how power is conceptualized and operationalized in global health discourse, identifies systematic analytical gaps, and proposes a relational framework to address them.Methods We conducted a narrative review of literature that explicitly engages with power in relation to global health, governance, or health systems. We synthesized the included texts thematically and, as a supplementary systems-thinking component, developed a causal loop diagram (CLD) based on a subset of quantitative studies to illustrate how different constellations of power interact with health outcomes over time.Results In global health, power is pervasively invoked but rarely operationalized. We organized the reviewed texts into six thematic domains: (1) power as a determinant of health; (2) structural power (class, race, gender, geopolitical hierarchies); (3) power asymmetry; (4) power and governance for health; (5) power and health securitization; and (6) power constellations and health outcomes. Across these domains, we find that discussions of power remain largely qualitative and often stop short of clear operationalization. The CLD translates these insights into interacting feedback loops, illustrating how specific power constellations are associated with particular patterns of policy response and health outcomes, highlighting potential leverage points for governance reform.Conclusion This review maps the existing knowledge on power in global health and provides an actionable framework for future research and governance design. It underscores that power is the fundamental thread connecting global political economy to local health inequities.
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Sturmberg, Joachim; Mormina, Maru; Pfaff, Holger; Russo, Federica; Mercuri, Mathew & Preiser, Rika
[Show all 17 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Systemic path to global health 2050.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
ISSN 0042-9686.
104(7),
p. 486–494.
doi:
10.2471/BLT.25.293951.
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In 2024, the Lancet Commission on Investing in Health proposed targeting investment in 15 priority conditions through 19 modular interventions to improve global health by 2050. While pragmatic, this approach may not fully capture the complex-adaptive nature of health and health systems, nor their social, economic and political determinants. In an iterative, interpretive analysis, proposed global health investment frameworks were mapped against complexity, systems thinking and health epistemology frameworks; five thematic areas were identified for further development: (i) health as emergent from interdependent, social-biological systems; (ii) the non-biomedical determinants driving inequities; (iii) health systems' adaptive requirements; (iv) epistemic injustices that marginalize non-Western perspectives; and (v) the need for context-sensitive, community-led implementation of health measures. Recent major disruptions to international aid financing, while challenging, present a unique opportunity to redesign health investment on more sustainable and locally grounded foundations, where national governments deliberately invest in the social determinants of health as direct health improvement strategies rather than merely as adjacent social policy. To seize this opportunity, we propose five guiding principles for policy-makers: (i) community co-production of interventions; (ii) adaptive governance structures; (iii) complex systems literacy in workforce training to navigate interdependencies and uncertainty; (iv) cross-sectoral partnerships to address determinants of health; and (v) context-sensitive metrics that incorporate community engagement to support learning within health systems. These are not optional enhancements to existing approaches; they are the foundations without which any health investment strategy will continue to treat the symptoms of inequity rather than its causes.
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Linjala, Lotta Maria Vilhelmiina; Kolz, Anna Solveig; Haaland, Marte E. S. & Steuernagel, Carolina Rau
(2026).
At the shift: Norwegian abortion providers between policy and practice.
Culture, Health and Sexuality.
ISSN 1369-1058.
doi:
10.1080/13691058.2026.2698829.
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This study investigated abortion providers’ experiences during Norway’s recent regulatory transition extending the time allowed for self-determined abortion from 12 to 18 weeks. Through semi-structured interviews with 12 healthcare professionals, we captured abortion care providers’ views on their work and expectations about the regulatory shift. Despite finding abortion care meaningful and supporting patients’ autonomy, providers expressed significant anxiety about the reform, revealing a paradox in which supportive providers feared the effects of a liberalising policy. This anxiety stemmed from practical concerns about capacity associated with challenges in managing pain, complications, and emotional intensity in terminations after 12 weeks rather than moral objections. Healthcare workers felt responsible for adapting to new regulations without being informed about the practical implications for their work. Our findings suggest that gestational age may shape providers’ emotional and possibly moral experience of abortion work in ways that are difficult to articulate within progressive contexts. This study demonstrates that expanding abortion access requires more than legislative change. Attention to abortion care providers’ working conditions and expectations is crucial for translating progressive policies into good abortion care.
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2026).
Accomplished normalization, enduring exceptionalism: Aging with HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment.
Health.
ISSN 1363-4593.
doi:
10.1177/13634593261469818.
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This article examines how adults aged 50 years and older living with HIV in Norway negotiate the contemporary shift from AIDS exceptionalism to biomedical normalization, and what this reveal about the endurance of exceptionalism “by other means.” Drawing on 21 semi-structured life-course interviews with people living with HIV, including long-term survivors diagnosed prior to combination ART in 1996, and analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis, the study identifies three patterned meanings. First, participants described “accomplished normalization”: HIV was narrated as clinically stable and increasingly comparable to other age-related conditions, supported by simplified ART routines and routinized follow-up care. Second, normalization was “disrupted” and at times actively contested, through stigma encounters, disclosure dilemmas, and especially sexuality and intimacy reactivated HIV as exceptional despite biomedical control. Third, participants articulated “discursive undetectability”: viral suppression was experienced as a biomedical achievement, yet many perceived declining public and professional knowledge about contemporary HIV, producing renewed fear, misrecognition, and incentives to conceal serostatus. The findings suggest that later-life HIV is characterized by an ambivalent coexistence of clinical normalization and social exceptionalism, and that meaningful normalization requires sustained public education and recognition alongside pharmaceutical efficacy.
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Srinivas, Chaitra & Cohen, Jacqueline Mallory
(2026).
Estimating the Gestational Age of Spontaneous Abortions Identified via Database Algorithms: An Empirical Analysis Using Interrupted Time Series.
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.
ISSN 1053-8569.
35(6).
doi:
10.1002/pds.70417.
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Wonde, Shewatatek Gedamu; Tadesse, Tefera & Schauber, Stefan
(2026).
An evaluation of the undergraduate medicine licensure examinations development and implementation practices: lessons from Ethiopia with global implications.
BMC Medical Education.
26.
doi:
10.1186/s12909-026-08980-8.
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Background The development of undergraduate medicine licensure examinations is critical for ensuring physicians’ competencies. Existing literature primarily focuses on exams Psychometric properties while leaving a gap in understanding the developmental processes, stakeholder engagement, and contextual influences, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study evaluated the mechanisms and stakeholders’ perspectives on shaping the Ethiopian undergraduate medicine licensure examination development and implementation practices.
Methods A qualitative study design combining a phenomenological orientation with a realistic evaluation approach was employed. Purposive sampling was used to select eight experienced experts from four major stakeholder institutions. Data were collected through key informant interviews and cross-validated against exam development guidelines and expert profile datasets. Thematic analysis was conducted to present challenges, enablers, and institutional factors.
Results The study evidenced that the Ethiopian Undergraduate Medicine Licensure Examination follows a standard approach, consisting of task analysis, blueprint preparation, item construction and appraisal, and exam administration. However, critical gaps were identified in expertise psychometric competencies, and challenges associated with paperbased
testing and exam security concerns.
Conclusion While participants perceive the undergraduate medicine licensure examination design aligned with national goals, its implementation is compromised by technical and logistic gaps. Transitioning to Computer-Based Testing, professionalizing item writing, and balancing stakeholder representation with experienced experts are essential facets to maintain the exam’s validity.
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Ahmad, Zubair; Crisci, Serena; Sun, Bin; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Giannino, Francesco
(2026).
Can time-dependent optimal interventions reduce Salmonella spread? A multi-pathway ODE model using real data from EU.
Computational biology and chemistry.
ISSN 1476-9271.
123.
doi:
10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2026.108968.
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Lyshol, Heidi; Gunnarson, MR & AASHEIM, ERLEND T.
(2025).
Aerosol versus dry powder inhaler prescriptions in Norway, 2004-2023.
European Journal of Public Health.
ISSN 1101-1262.
35(Supplement_4).
doi:
10.1093/eurpub/ckaf161.950.
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Abstract Background Many countries have committed to reducing the carbon footprints of their health systems. Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) for treating asthma and COPD are usually powered by fluorinated gases, which are powerful greenhouse gases (GHGs). Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) can provide an equivalent clinical effect in many adult patients, with greatly reduced GHG emissions. Methods All data on inhaler prescriptions during 2004-2023 are available in the Norwegian Prescription Database. We analysed the inhaler prescriptions for Salbutamol (18.4% of inhalers in 2023), as such products exist as both pMDIs and DPIs and were sold throughout 2004-2023. Results The proportion of pMDI Salbutamol prescriptions during 2004-2023 increased from 44.7% to 58.6%; with an increase observed in all counties and an absolute difference of around 20% from high to low prescribing counties. In 2023, all pMDIs with salbutamol distributed in Norway released the CO2-equivalent of driving 20 000 000 km in a small petrol-driven car. In the age group 10-19 years (mainly children who cannot make medical choices on their own) the proportion using pMDIs during 2004-2023 increased from 30% to 67%. In the age group 20-59 years, the proportion of pMDI Salbutamol use in 2004/2023 was 45%/54%. If 50% of users aged 20-59 changed from pMDI to DPI, the reduced emissions for Salbutamol-use alone in 2023 would have been equivalent to driving 1 640 000 km in a small car. Conclusions In Norway the proportion of Salbutamol inhalers prescriptions with fluorinated gas propellants increased from 2004 to 2023, with county differences unlikely to be fully explained by case mix differences. The observed prescription patterns over time and across counties suggest a need to analyse inhaler prescription data in a full data set. This will both inform clinicians and policy makers about variations in clinical practice and enable estimates of potential GHG reductions through a modified prescription practice. Key messages • To reduce GHG emissions from the health sector, monitoring of emission sources is needed. • In Norway, inhaler prescriptions might be a low-hanging fruit in reducing health sector emissions.
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Jong, Rineke de; Zhou, Fan; Andersen, Tor Kristian; Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert; Cox, Rebecca Jane & Bogen, Bjarne
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2025).
An HLAII-targeted DNA vaccine against influenza H7N9 protected mice and ferrets from a virus challenge.
npj Vaccines.
11.
doi:
10.1038/s41541-025-01341-4.
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Due to antigenic drift and shift, influenza A viruses may cause new future pandemics. Currently used seasonal influenza vaccines are of little use against novel viruses with pandemic potential. Genetic vaccines can be rapidly produced and could therefore mitigate pandemic outbreaks. Here, we present preclinical proof of protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding a vaccine protein that targets influenza hemagglutinin (HA) to human leukocyte antigen class II (HLAII) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APC). Vaccination of mice raised robust levels of neutralizing antibodies, and protection against a lethal challenge with influenza H7N1 virus. In ferrets, we observed induction of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses after a single vaccination, with levels increasing after a second dose. Protection of vaccinated ferrets against a viral challenge with influenza H7N9 was dose dependent, with ferrets receiving the highest vaccine dose being completely protected from clinical disease. In sum, these results warrant progression to a human clinical Phase I trial.
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Greenhalgh, Trisha; Clarke, Aileen; Byng, Richard; Dakin, Francesca; Faulkner, Stuart & Hemmings, Nina
[Show all 20 contributors for this article]
(2025).
After the disruptive innovation: How remote and digital services were embedded, blended and abandoned in UK general practice – longitudinal study.
Health and social care delivery research.
ISSN 2755-0060.
13(31),
p. 51–88.
doi:
10.3310/KRWS4334.
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Background
United Kingdom general practices transitioned rapidly to remote-by-default services in 2020 and subsequently considered whether and how to continue these practices. Their diverse responses provided a unique opportunity to study the longer-term embedding, adaptation and abandonment of digital innovations.
Research questions:
-What was the range of responses to the expansion of remote and digital triage and consultations among United Kingdom general practices in the period following the acute phase of the coronavirus disease discovered in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic?
-What can we learn from this example about the long-term impacts of crisis-driven sociotechnical change in healthcare settings?
Methods
We collected longitudinal data from 12 general practices from 2021 to 2023, comprising 500 hours of ethnographic observation, 163 interviews in participating practices and linked organisations (132 staff, 31 patients), 39 stakeholder interviews and 4 multi-stakeholder workshops (210 participants), with additional patient and public involvement input. Data were de-identified, uploaded to NVivo (QSR International, Warrington, UK) and synthesised into case studies, drawing on theories of organisational innovation.
Results
General practices’ longitudinal progress varied, from a near-total return to traditional in-person services to extensive continuing use of novel digital technologies and pathways. Their efforts to find the right balance were shaped and constrained by numerous contextual factors. Large size, slack resources, high absorptive capacity, strong leadership and good intrapractice relationships favoured innovation. Readiness for remote and digital modalities varied depending on local tension for change, practice values and patient characteristics. Technologies' uptake and use were influenced by their material properties and functionality. Embedding and sustaining technologies required ongoing work to adapt and refine tasks and processes and adjust (or, where appropriate, selectively abandon) technologies. Adoption and embedding of technologies were affected by various staff and patient factors. When technologies fitted poorly with tasks and routines or when embedding efforts were unsuccessful, inefficiencies and ‘techno-stress’ resulted, with compromises to patient access and quality of care.
Limitations
Sampling frame was limited to United Kingdom and patient interviews were relatively sparse.
Conclusion
There is wide variation in digital maturity among United Kingdom general practices. Low use of remote and digital technologies and processes may be warranted and reflect local strategic choices, but it may also indicate lack of awareness and a reactive rather than strategic approach to digital innovation. We offer an updated typology of digital maturity in general practice with suggestions for tailored support.
Future work
The typology of digital maturity could be applied further to identify in more detail the kind of support needed for practices that are at different stages of maturity and are serving different populations. The need for strategically traditional practices in deprived settings should also be explored.
Funding
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme as award number NIHR132807.
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Shutt, Alison; Mukherjee, Arunima Sehgal; Nampoothiri, Vrinda; Holmes, Alison & Charani, Esmita
(2025).
Social determinants of health and knowledge, attitude and practice studies on antimicrobial resistance—an evidence review and future direction.
JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance (JAC-AMR).
7(5).
doi:
10.1093/jacamr/dlaf141.
Full text in Research Archive
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Friant, Sagan; Mistrick, Janine; Luis, Angela D.; Harden, Christina; Simons, David & Fichet-Calvet, Elisabeth
[Show all 19 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Reducing the threats of rodent-borne zoonoses requires an understanding and leveraging of three key pillars: disease ecology, synanthropy, and rodentation.
The Lancet Planetary Health.
9.
doi:
10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101300.
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Rodents have co-existed with humans for centuries, and frequently exchange pathogens. Historically, rodent-driven plague outbreaks scoured the Old World, resulting in substantial human mortality. Although such pandemics have not occurred for centuries, serious threats from rodent-borne infections, such as the global emergence of mpox, still exist. Moreover, endemic and emerging rodent infections continue to cause substantial human morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. Efforts by the medical community to control rodent-borne zoonoses primarily focus on treating or preventing symptoms in humans using biomedical interventions (eg, vaccination). Such approaches are geared towards preparedness and response but are insufficient for prevention. In this Personal View, we identify three key pillars that drive rodent-borne zoonotic spillover: ecology of rodent infections; use of human habitation by rodents (synanthropy); and the influence of humans on the ecological proliferation of rodents in our landscape (rodentation). The challenge is to leverage these pillars as entry points for interventions, to prevent spillover and reduce disease burden. Given shortcomings of rodent culling, we advocate for integrated countermeasures that are socially and ecologically grounded, apply systems thinking, and leverage emerging technologies to prevent spillover driven by persistent human–rodent interactions and global change.
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Buts, Jan
(2025).
Thematic Corpus Construction, Representativeness, and Discursive Sustainability.
In Fernández, Sara García; Cáneba, Fátima Gómez & García, Beatriz Guerrero (Ed.),
Traducción y sostenibilidad cultural II.
Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.
ISSN 9788410910171.
p. 493–500.
doi:
https:/gredos.usal.es/bitstream/handle/10366/164297/10457-1.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y.
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This paper discusses two corpora, the Genealogies of Knowledge Corpus and the Sustainability and Health Corpus. Both are constructed on the basis of topics and concepts, rather than factors such as genre or register. Selection criteria influence the kind of analyses one can apply to a set of language data, and the sort of conclusions one can draw from those analyses. Particularly relevant, in this respect, is the question of representativeness: how do we know that research results are meaningful beyond the data at hand? The contrast between ideal and pragmatic answers to this question is addressed in the paper’s second section. The final part offers reflections on a recent complication. The production of text is increasingly relegated to automated systems. What does this mean for research principles based upon the assumption that the analysis of discourse can tell us something about the social world beyond the text?
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An, Jiafu; Wang, Tenghui; Chen, Bin; Gong, Peng; Lin, Chen & Stenseth, Nils Christian
(2025).
Impact of women’s political empowerment through gender quotas on improved drinking water access in Africa.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS).
ISSN 0027-8424.
122(30).
doi:
10.1073/pnas.2511977122.
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Improved drinking water availability, as a fundamental human right, is essential for human health and well-being. In contrast, there are still billions of people lacking the access. We empirically test the impacts of women’s political representation on improved drinking water availability across Africa, leveraging the adoption of the reserved seat quota program. We find that an average 4.71 percentage point increase in improved drinking water, with a notable 12.25 percentage point increase in countries where the quota exceeds 20% due to an increase in the proportion of women in parliaments and spillover effects on women’s political and social rights. Overall, these findings suggest that reserved seats for women are effective for coping with improved water access issues in Africa.
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Ma, Jian; Xu, Lei; Han, Qian; Gao, Jing; Yuan, Huihui & Dong, Kaixing
[Show all 18 contributors for this article]
(2025).
The Indian Ocean Dipole drives imported-dominated dengue outbreaks in China: Mechanisms and predictions.
PNAS Nexus.
4(11).
doi:
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf350.
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Dengue fever, influenced by climate dynamics and human mobility in nonendemic regions, remains poorly understood. We assessed the effects of large-scale climate features on domestic dengue outbreaks using data from China (2013–2021) and projections for 2023–2028, incorporating climate, human mobility, and environmental factors. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.89, P < 0.01) was found between domestic dengue incidence and overseas imported cases. Significant associations were also noted with domestic (F2.96, 25.78 = 518.03, P < 0.01) and international human mobility (F2.77, 25.78 = 66.84, P < 0.01), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index (F2.98, 25.78 = 522.84), and vectorial capacity (F2.92, 25.78 = 338.74, P < 0.01). IOD is the most influential climate feature, with a trend of intensification over time. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm incorporating IOD (r2 = 0.56) predicted outbreaks in 2025, 2026, and 2028. Our findings reveal that large-scale climate phenomenon, notably the IOD, and human mobility significantly influence dengue domestic outbreaks in China through a “dislocated impact.”
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Anderson, Ane Marie; Tjärnhage, Elias; Hinke, Daniëla Maria; Braathen, Ranveig; Grødeland, Gunnveig & Bogen, Bjarne
(2025).
DNA vaccines targeting hemagglutinin from 18 subtypes of influenza A virus to antigen-presenting cells confer broad protection.
Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids.
37(1).
doi:
10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102814.
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Novel vaccines that confer broad protection against influenza A viruses (IAVs) are urgently needed. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major influenza antigen targeted by protective immune responses. We have here developed a DNA vaccine that simultaneously presents HA from 18 subtypes of IAV to the immune system. The vaccine consists of a DNA plasmid mixture that encodes a variety of dimeric vaccine proteins. Each dimer expresses two different HAs, as well as a targeting moiety directing the vaccine protein to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). When the vaccine proteins were targeted toward chemokine receptors 1, 3, and 5 (CCR1/3/5) on APC by means of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP1α) (CCL3), vaccinated mice were broadly protected against infection with H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N1 influenza viruses. Furthermore, antibody-mediated protection against H1N1 was maintained when the H1 antigen was removed from the plasmid mixture, indicating that the diversity of HAs in the mixture promoted formation of antibodies specific for shared, conservative epitopes. The results may guide the development of a broadly protective influenza A vaccine for humans
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Zolfaghari, Mahshid; Lien, Nanna; Brandvik, Caroline Løvik; Klepp, Knut-Inge; Kopainsky, Birgit & Lie, Hanne Cathrine
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Understanding the dynamics of implementing the Norwegian School Fruit Programme: integrating implementation science and system dynamics | Implementation Science Communications.
Implementation Science Communications.
p. 1–48.
doi:
10.1186/s43058-025-00834-6.
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Many implementation determinants of school nutritional interventions have been identified, but a deeper understanding of their interplay within a system is needed. The present study aimed to investigate how the Norwegian School Fruit Programme, particularly the No Parental Payment Programme (NPPP), is being implemented in schools and how it interacts with the school system structure and dynamics as perceived by school personnel and pupils. Moreover, it aimed to understand the dynamic interplay between the determinants of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) in the NPPP’s context. The overarching methodology was qualitative system dynamics modelling, with data collected through a series of group model building (GMB) workshops at four schools offering the NPPP. Using GMB scripts, facilitated discussions between school personnel and pupils were held for a better understanding of the NPPP’s implementation dynamics and to create diagrams illustrating how implementation determinants interact with each other and each school’s unique context. The individual school diagrams were compiled into a single diagram. The CFIR was subsequently mapped on to this diagram. Lack of communication with pupils, the food stores outside schools, and the NPPP’s design weakened the reinforcing mechanism that fostered pupils’ eating of fruit. Not eating enough of the fruit increased implementation costs because schools had to deal with leftover fruit and littering issues. Implementation costs caused schools to adopt implementation processes, like reflecting, engaging, and adapting to reduce the costs, although some of these did not work or counterintuitively decreased pupils’ eating of fruit. The success of these processes was contested by the design of the NPPP and mechanisms that were shaped by the goals and priorities of the schools. This research employed qualitative system dynamics to investigate NPPP implementation dynamics. Recommendations for improving implementation include aligning NPPP’s design with pupils’ preferences, monitoring eating of fruit, and involving internal stakeholders (pupils and school personnel) for gathering feedback, and external stakeholders (municipalities) for monitoring.
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Eshete, Million Tesfaye; Shrestha, Pami; Ang, Charmaine; Valdera, José María; Heymann, David L. & Nordström, Anders
[Show all 15 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Exploring Grassroots Indicators for Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response: A Systematic Narrative Review.
International Journal of Health Policy and Management.
14(1),
p. 1–17.
doi:
https:/www.ijhpm.com/article_4826.html.
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Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how conventional top-down, expert-driven indicators often fail to align with local community realities, marginalising their perspectives, concerns, knowledge, and narratives. However, the limitations of pandemic-related and global health security indicators are not unique but reflect recurring patterns across major social metrics. In response, an alternative paradigm advocates for grassrootsinclusive approaches to developing indicators. Our objective is to assess how and why grassroots-inclusive approaches complement top-down approaches to developing indicators, and to synthesise their theoretical and practical contributions to public health.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We systematically searched six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO), as well as Google Scholar, to identify relevant articles published from their inception to September 1, 2024. We included peer-reviewed articles, opinion pieces, and book chapters, narratively synthesising their findings.
Results
This review included 43 studies from various disciplines. Across these studies, communities co-produced indicators through participatory workshops, interviews, and consensus exercises in areas such as environmental sustainability, disaster resilience, public health, well-being, and local development. The reported strengths included greater local relevance, community ownership, and accountability, alongside challenges in sustaining participation, integrating into top-down systems, and addressing data gaps. Notably, no study applied grassroots-inclusive indicators to health security or pandemic preparedness.
Conclusion
Despite retrieving and analysing articles from various disciplines, no study has specifically applied grassroots-inclusive indicators to health security or pandemic preparedness. However, the evidence clearly shows that it is both feasible and practical to integrate expert and non-expert perspectives when developing indicators.
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Buts, Jan
(2025).
Reconsidering case study research in translation studies.
Translation in Society.
ISSN 2667-3037.
4(1),
p. 21–39.
doi:
10.1075/tris.24013.but.
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It is common in translation studies (TS) to present research as a case study . Even though the phrase frequently figures in titles, the prominence of the case study label seldom corresponds to an explanation of required characteristics. Concerns regarding the bounding of cases, as well as reflections on the validity of particular interpretations, are often not subjected to explicit methodological reflection. This results in a discipline-internal complication, namely the impossibility of determining what is not a case study, and in a discipline-external lack of communicability: if the case study label is not predictive of an identifiable approach, this diminishes the incentive for researchers from other disciplines to productively engage with insights from TS. The article articulates those issues and concludes with suggestions for an enhanced meta-descriptive apparatus that can support transparent communication about the constitution and circulation of cases within the field and beyond.
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Rossvoll, Lasse Olsen; Mekonnen, Hailemichael Desalegn; Gudissa, Fikadu Girma; Birhanu, Dawit; Hussen, Ahmed & Cheneke, Waqtola
[Show all 16 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Ethiopia: 1-year results from a real-life, multicentre, prospective cohort study.
The Lancet Global Health.
ISSN 2572-116X.
13(11),
p. e1914–e1923.
doi:
10.1016/s2214-109x(25)00309-2.
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Background: In the global efforts to combat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the African continent is falling behind. Simplified treatment guidelines are recommended by WHO in low-income and middle-income countries, but it is unclear how this approach works in real life. We aimed to address this knowledge gap using a simplified treatment programme in Ethiopia.
Methods: We did a prospective cohort study in four public hospitals in Ethiopia. We enrolled HIV-negative adults (age ≥18 years) with chronic HBV infection and applied simplified treatment criteria on the basis of clinical assessment, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), alanine aminotransferase, and point-of-care HBV DNA. The primary endpoint was 1-year treatment outcome (active in care, dead, or lost to follow-up), and secondary endpoints were virological and biochemical treatment response. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify predictors of death and logistic regression models to explore associating factors with decompensated cirrhosis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02344498.
Findings: Between Dec 8, 2021, and Dec 31, 2023, we enrolled 6010 participants (2953 [49·1%] female and 3057 [50·9%] male; median age 30 years [IQR 25-38]), of whom 1672 (27·8%) were eligible for treatment. 1138 (18·9%) started tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment before July 1, 2023, and were included in the 1-year analysis. 532 (46·7%) participants were active in care after 1 year, 58 (5·1%) died, and 508 (44·6%) were lost to follow-up. Of the participants active in care after 1 year, 321 (78·3%) of 410 had virological suppression (HBV DNA ≤10 IU/mL) and 289 (67·5%) of 428 had normal ALT (≤40 U/L). Independent predictors of death were decompensated cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 8·74 [95% CI 5·01-15·27]) and age (per 1-year increment; adjusted HR 1·03 [1·01-1·05]). Decompensated cirrhosis was associated with male sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·68 [95% CI 1·17-2·40]), increasing age (per 1-year increment; adjusted OR 1·02 [1·01-1·03]), regular khat use (adjusted OR 1·54 [1·11-2·12]), and HBV DNA concentration greater than 200 000 IU/mL (adjusted OR 1·52 [1·10-2·11]).
Interpretation: About half of the participants who initiated HBV treatment were still active in care after 1 year, and most of whom had virological and biochemical response to treatment. However, the high proportion lost to follow-up underscores the need for better strategies and tools to improve retention in HBV care.
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Bugssa, Gessessew; Teklehaymanot, Tilahun; Medhin, Girmay; Nayagam, Shevanti; Johannessen, Asgeir & Berhe, Nega
(2025).
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.
Journal of Viral Hepatitis.
ISSN 1352-0504.
32(10).
doi:
10.1111/jvh.70077.
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ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant public health concern, particularly in low‐income countries. This study investigates the prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV in Alamata district of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia, where the HBV vaccine was introduced in the childhood vaccination programme in 2007. A community‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was measured using a rapid diagnostic test. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between socio‐demographic, behavioural and health‐related variables and HBV infection. A total of 1853 individuals (54.2% females) were included in this study. The age ranged from 5 to 88 years, and the largest age group was from 5 to 14 years (32.0%). The overall HBV prevalence was 5.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3–6.3) with significant variability between age groups: 5–14 years 3.7%, 15–24 years 6.8%, 25–34 years 10.1%, 35–44 years 4.4%, 45–54 years 3.9% and 55 years and above 3.4%. Being in the 25–34 years age group (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.1, 95% CI: 1.1–16.2, P= 0.042), reporting multiple sexual partners (AOR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.02–15.4, P= 0.047) and family history of hepatitis B (AOR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2–8.2, P= 0.024) were independently associated with HBV infection. The prevalence of HBV infection was high in this region, underscoring the necessity for targeted public health strategies aimed at reducing transmission rates. Of note, the HBV prevalence was significantly lower among children born after the introduction of the HBV vaccine.
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Farah, Ahmed I.; Abdi, Hassan M.; Mohmed, Abdifatah J.; Abase, Suad M.; Ismail, Muna M. & Qalib, Jinaw M.
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in Hargeisa, Somaliland: a retrospective study.
BMC Public Health.
25(1),
p. 1–7.
doi:
10.1186/s12889-025-24411-7.
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Background: Blood transfusions save millions of lives each year, but are also associated with significant health risks, including transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The World Health Organization recommends mandatory screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), and syphilis prior to transfusion. This study presents the first screening results from a public blood bank in Somaliland.
Method: Records from blood donors attending the blood bank of Hargeisa Group Hospital, Somaliland from January 2020 throughout December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Blood donations were screened using rapid diagnostic tests for HIV, HBsAg, anti-HCV and syphilis. Screening results and baseline demographic data were collected from all unique blood donors.
Results: Among the 19,021 blood donors, 18,989 (99.8%) were male and the median age was 29 (interquartile range 25-35) years. A total of 310 (1.6%) individuals had one of the four TTIs screened for, of whom 226 (73%) were HBsAg positive. The seroprevalence of HIV was 0.1%; HBsAg 1.2%; anti-HCV 0.1%; and syphilis 0.3%. No co-infections were found.
Conclusion: The most common TTI was hepatitis B virus infection. The reported seroprevalence of TTIs was low compared to other studies in the region.
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Greenhalgh, Trisha; Engebretsen, Eivind & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2025).
What caused the COVID-19 pandemic?
In Illari, Phyllis & Russo, Federica (Ed.),
The Routledge Handbook of Causality and Causal Methods.
Routledge.
ISSN 9781032260198.
p. 47–62.
doi:
10.4324/9781003528937-4.
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Schauber, Stefan & Homer, Matt
(2025).
Challenging the norm: Length of exams determined by classification accuracy or reliability.
Medical Education.
ISSN 0308-0110.
doi:
10.1111/medu.15742.
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Purpose
This paper challenges the notion that reliability indices are appropriate for informing test length in exams in medical education, where the focus is on ensuring defensible pass-fail decisions. Instead, we argue that using classification accuracy instead better suited to the purpose of exams in these cases. We show empirically, using resampled test data from a range of undergraduate knowledge exams, that this is indeed the case. More specifically, we address the hypothesis that the use of classification accuracy results in recommending shorter test lengths as compared to when using reliability.
Method
We analysed data from previous exams from both pre-clinical and clinical phases of undergraduate medical education. We used a re-sampling procedure in which both the cut-score and test length of repeatedly generated synthetic exams were varied systematically. N = 52 500 datasets were generated from the original exams. For each of these both reliability and classification accuracy indices were estimated.
Result
Results indicate that only classification accuracy, not reliability, varies in relation to the cut-score for pass-fail decisions. Furthermore, reliability and classification accuracy are differently related to test length. The optimal test length for using reliability was around 100 items, independent of pass-rates. For classification accuracy, recommendations are less generic. For exams with a small percentage of failed decisions (i.e., 5% or less), an item size of 50 did, on average, achieve an accuracy of 95% correct classifications.
Conclusions
We suggest a move towards the employment of classification accuracy using existing tools, whilst still using reliability as a complement. The benefits of re-thinking current test design practice include minimizing the burden of assessment on candidates and test developers. Item writers could focus on developing fewer, but higher quality, items. Finally, we stress the need to consider the effects of the balance false positive and false negative decisions in pass/fail classifications.
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Wespi, Rafael; Neher, Andrea N.; Birrenbach, Tanja; Schauber, Stefan; Frenkel, Marie Ottilie & Schrom-Feiertag, Helmut
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2025).
Physiological team dynamics explored: physiological synchrony in medical simulation training.
Advances in Simulation.
10(1).
doi:
10.1186/s41077-025-00335-5.
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Introduction For researchers and medical simulation trainers, measuring team dynamics is vital for providing targeted feedback that can lead to improved patient outcomes. It is also valuable for research, such as investigating which dynamics benefit team performance. Traditional assessment methods, such as questionnaires and observations, are often subjective and static, lacking the ability to capture team dynamics. To address these shortcomings, this study explores the use of physiological synchrony (PS) measured through electrocardiogram (ECG) data to evaluate team dynamics automated and in high-resolution. Methods A multicentre observational field study was conducted involving 214 medical first responders during mixed reality (MR) mass casualty training sessions. Participants were equipped with electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors and MR gear. The study measured dyadic PS using heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN). Data were collected at high frequency and analysed using dynamic time warping (dtw) to assess fluctuations in PS. Results Findings indicate that PS varies significantly by task nature, with higher synchrony during cooperative tasks compared to baseline. Different ECG metrics offered unique insights into team dynamics. Proximity and scenario conditions influenced PS, with closer teamwork leading to higher PS. Smaller sampling intervals (e.g. 5 s) provided a detailed view of PS fluctuations over time. Discussion The results demonstrate the potential of PS as an indicator of team performance and cohesion. High-resolution monitoring provides detailed insights into team dynamics, offering high-resolution feedback that traditional methods cannot provide. The integration of physiological measures into training programmes can enhance team performance by providing objective, high-resolution data. Conclusion This study shows that PS, measured by ECG data, is sensitive to medical team activities, offering insights into team dynamics. Different ECG metrics highlight various aspects of team performance, and high-resolution monitoring captures detailed dynamics. Further research is needed to validate these findings across diverse scenarios. This approach could improve training methodologies, resulting in better-prepared medical teams and improved patient care outcomes.
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Voeller, Alexis S.; Johannessen, Asgeir; Abebe, Zebideru Zewdie; Adugna, Wegene; Gamkrelidze, Ivane & Seyoum, Eleni
[Show all 14 contributors for this article]
(2025).
The Disease and Economic Burden of HBV and HCV in Ethiopia.
Journal of Viral Hepatitis.
ISSN 1352-0504.
32(2).
doi:
10.1111/jvh.14053.
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As the second most populated country in Africa, Ethiopia needs public health measures to control diseases that impact its population. The goal of this study is to analyse disease burdens of HBV and HCV, while also highlighting their estimated associated costs for the country. A literature review and a Delphi process reflecting input of Ethiopian experts and the National Viral Hepatitis Technical Working Group were used to complement mathematical modelling to estimate HBV and HCV disease and economic burdens. Two scenarios were created for HCV: 2023 base and WHO elimination. For HBV, three scenarios were created: 2023 base, WHO elimination and universal birth dose. Using current country costs, each scenario was also examined through an economic lens. There were an estimated 7.6 million HBV infections in 2023. To impact transmission, a universal birth dose and pregnant women screening program would allow Ethiopia to vaccinate approximately 3.9 million infants annually, with a budget of $4.68 million USD, meeting the WHO prevalence elimination target (≤ 0.1% in ≤ 5-year-olds) by 2043. Ethiopia had an estimated 690,000 HCV infections in 2023. To achieve HCV elimination, the country would need to expand screening and treatment to 74,000 individuals annually with a peak budget of $12 million USD per year until 2032, decreasing to less than $2 million USD in 2035. Ethiopia can begin making steps towards elimination of HBV through expansion of birth dose vaccination. However, larger investments will be needed to scale-up treatment and diagnosis interventions for both diseases.
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Agde, Zeleke Dutamo; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Assefa, Nega & Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera
(2025).
Community Perspectives on Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study from Rural Ethiopia.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH).
ISSN 1661-7827.
22(2).
doi:
10.3390/ijerph22020197.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is closely associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. To develop prevention strategies and interventions, the exploration of cultural norms, societal attitudes, and perceptions related to IPV is vital. This study explored community perspectives on IPV during pregnancy in rural Ethiopia. We used an exploratory qualitative study design to collect data. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) guided by a semi-structured topic guide. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, revealing the following four themes: (1) threats to the health of the mother and the fetus; (2) the contributing factors of IPV during pregnancy; (3) coping strategies for IPV during pregnancy; and (4) the need for intervention. Supportive attitudes toward IPV, early marriage, lack of awareness among offenders about its consequences, alcohol use, poor couple communication, and provocation by wives were found to be the causes of IPV during pregnancy. Participants in this study perceived IPV as a normal and unavoidable aspect of marital relationships. Comprehensive interventions that address challenging the cultural norms that condone IPV, increase community awareness of its detrimental effects, improve couples’ communication skills, and address alcohol abuse among men could play a crucial role in preventing or reducing IPV during pregnancy.
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Agde, Zeleke Dutamo; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Assefa, Nega & Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera
(2025).
Effectiveness of couple-based violence prevention education in reducing intimate partner violence during pregnancy in rural Ethiopia: A cluster randomized controlled trial.
PLOS ONE.
20(1).
doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0317667.
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Background
Pregnancy is often seen as a joyful and fulfilling time for many women. However, a significant number of women in Ethiopia experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during this period. Despite this, there is limited evidence on interventions aimed at preventing violence during pregnancy. The purpose of this trial was to examine the effectiveness of Couple-Based Violence Prevention Education (CBVPE) in reducing IPV during pregnancy in rural Ethiopia.
Method
A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted using a two-arm parallel group design. The 16 clusters were randomly allocated into 8 intervention groups and 8 control groups. A total of 432 pregnant women (216 in the intervention group and 216 in the control group) participated in the trial. Couple-based violence prevention education was provided to the participants in the intervention group, while the control group received routine or standard care. We used difference-in-difference analysis and the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.
Result
At the endline, 94.9% of women in the intervention group and 95.3% of women in the control group were available for intention-to-treat analysis. There was a substantial drop in the proportion of any IPV during pregnancy from 39.4% at baseline to 13.0% at endline (p<0.001). Women in the intervention group were 74.1% less likely to report any IPV during pregnancy compared to the control group (AOR = 0.259; 95% CI 0.161–0.417). Specifically, the intervention also reduced psychological, physical, and sexual violence during pregnancy.
Conclusion
The study found that CBVPE is effective in reducing IPV during pregnancy in the study setting. Scale-up and adaptation to similar settings are recommended.
Trial registration
The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT05856214 on May 4, 2023.
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Biesta, Gert; Andersen, Anders Johan W.; Bøe, Tore Dag; Eikeland, Randi; Engebretsen, Eivind & Haldar, Marit
[Show all 16 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Mellom tradisjon og fornyelse.
Fagbokforlaget.
ISBN 9788245062854.
180 p.
doi:
10.55669/oa8103.
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Universitetene er kontinuerlig i bevegelse, og det samme er rammebetingelsene for vitenskapelig arbeid. I denne boken retter vi oppmerksomheten mot professorene, og vi har invitert utvalgte professorer til å reflektere over eget arbeid i essayformat. Essayene har igjen dannet grunnlag for refleksjoner om universitetenes utvikling i Norge. Boken inngår i debatten om utviklingen av akademisk arbeid i Norge, og gir et bidrag fra et av Norges yngre universiteter.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig
(2026).
Bidrag fra Akademia under SARS-CoV-2.
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Hvordan kan samfunnet i enda større grad enn i dag bruke kunnskap fra akademia for bedre beslutningsgrunnlag ved kriser? Samarbeidet mellom forskningsmiljøer og operative samfunnsaktører er avgjørende for å styrke beredskapen. Ved å bygge bro mellom akademia, forvaltning og beslutningstagere kan vi legge til rette for mer effektive og kunnskapsbaserte løsninger når samfunnet står overfor utfordringer.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Fehr, Anne-Lise Mørch von der & Opheim, Arne Andreas
(2026).
Forenkle uten å fordumme.
[Internet].
Kommunikasjonsforeningen.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Pettersen, Frank O.; Hauge, Siri Helene & Ottersen, Trygve
(2026).
Vaksinepodden - Episode 40 - Vaksineprioriteringer.
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Hvordan bruker vi vaksiner i Norge? Hvem velger hvilke vaksiner som tas i bruk, og hvordan de brukes?
Sommeren 2025 innførte Norge et voksenvaksinasjonsprogram, men hvordan ble det bestemt hvilke vaksiner som skulle inngå i dette, og hva medfører det?
I denne episoden har vi besøk av Siri Helene Hauge, som er avdelingsdirektør for smittevern og vaksiner på Folkehelseinstituttet, og Trygve Ottersen, som er direktør i Direktoratet for Medisinske Produkter. I studio er ellers som vanlig overlege Frank Olav Pettersen fra Infeksjonsmedisinsk avdeling ved Ullevål, og Gunnveig Grødeland som er professor i immunologi og leder for Senter for pandemi- og en-helseforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Pettersen, Frank O. & Wyller, Vegard Bruun Bratholm
(2026).
Vaksinepodden - Episode 41 - Long Covid.
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Media forteller jevnlig om personer med langvarige ettervirkninger etter smitte med koronaviruset SARS-CoV-2. Hva er long covid, og er det unikt etter smitte med koronavirus? Kan man bli frisk om man opplever long covid, og hva er status på forskning i dag?
I denne episoden har vi besøk av Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller, som er professor ved Institutt for klinisk medisin og spesialist i barnesykdommer. Han er også forskningsleder ved Barne- og ungdomsklinikken, Akershus Universitetssykehus. Wyller har i over 20 år forsket på ettervirkninger som utmattelse etter smitte med ulike virus, og har gjennomført flere interessante studier av long covid etter smitte med koronaviruset SARS-CoV-2.
I studio er ellers som vanlig overlege Frank Olav Pettersen fra Infeksjonsmedisinsk avdeling ved Ullevål, og Gunnveig Grødeland som er professor i immunologi og leder for Senter for pandemi- og en-helseforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Pettersen, Frank O. & Robertson, Lucy
(2026).
Vaksinepodden - Episode 42 - Parasitter.
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Parasitter lever på eller i en vert, og får sin næring på bekostning av verten. Det finnes parasitter på eller i de fleste typer av levende organismer, fra planter og til mennesker. Et eksempel er Giardiaparasitten som forårsaket sykdom i Bergen i 2004.
I denne episoden har vi besøk av Lucy Robertson, som er professor i parasittologi ved Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU). Hun forsker på flere tema, blant annet hvor ulike parasitter som påvirker mennesker kommer fra, og helsen til honningbier i kontekst av klimaendringer.
I studio ellers er som vanlig overlege Frank Olav Pettersen fra Infeksjonsmedisinsk avdeling ved Ullevål, og Gunnveig Grødeland som er professor i immunologi og leder for Senter for pandemi- og en-helseforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Pettersen, Frank O. & Stenseth, Nils Christian
(2026).
Vaksinepodden - Episode 43 - Svartedauen.
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Vi husker fra historietimene at Svartedauden kom med et skip til Bjørgvin i 1349. Hva var Svartedauden, og er denne bakterien fortsatt aktuell for en ny pandemi?
I denne episoden har vi besøk av Nils Chr. Stenseth, som er professor i biologi og nestleder ved Senter for pandemi- og én-helseforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo. Stenseth har i en årrekke forsket på hvordan bakterien som forårsaket svartedauen - yersinia pestis – har beveget seg rundt i verden. Han har også forsket på hvordan klima kan påvirke både denne bakterien og hantavirus, for eksempel.
I studio ellers er som vanlig overlege Frank Olav Pettersen fra Infeksjonsmedisinsk avdeling ved Ullevål, og Gunnveig Grødeland som er professor i immunologi og leder for Senter for pandemi- og en-helseforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig
(2026).
Hvilke egenskaper må et virus ha for å skape en pandemi?
- Det medisinske fakultet.
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Mange er litt bekymret for at virusutbruddene vi hører om i media skal spre seg. Kan hantavirus og Ebolavirus gi opphav til en ny pandemi? Hva kjennetegner egentlig virus som kan forårsake den neste pandemien?
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2026).
Infections without properties:Culture, trust and racialized (in)communicability in Norway's per-vaccination COVID-19 debate.
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This contribution reflects on how race, affect, and (in)communicability were configured in Norway’s public debate on COVID-19 before mass vaccination. In this unsettled moment, “culture” and “trust” became key political idioms for explaining unequal infection burdens and for sorting who counted as responsible, intelligible, and care-worthy. Building on prior collaborative work, I argue that “culture” was mobilized asymmetrically. When attached to immigrants and racialized minorities, culture was repeatedly treated as a bounded collective property that predisposed groups to risk, and non-compliance. By contrast, majority infections were framed as universal biomedical events—even when linked to culturally patterned practices such as ski holidays, Easter travel, or Christmas gatherings. This uneven marking of some lives as culturally “risky” while others remain unmarked enables moral economies of predation and appropriation: statistical “overrepresentation” becomes readable as cultural deficiency, while majority practices retain epistemic innocence. At the same time, “trust” is elevated as a distinctive majority affect, figured as the precondition for collective compliance. I then attend to communicative infrastructures: who is authorized to speak, who is heard, and how speech travels. Majority subjects are commonly individualized and permitted to speak for themselves, with transgressions framed as personal lapses. Minority speech more often moves through spokespersons and community leaders and is interpreted through idioms of lack (language, health literacy, trust). In this mediated economy, “lack” functions as a racialized affective diagnosis that can legitimate intensified surveillance, behavioral correction, and selective withholding of solidarity.
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2026).
Critical mixed-race studies in Scandinavia? Conceptual notes on decentering the US and the UK in mixed-race studies.
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Critical-mixed race studies have much to offer in the fields of ethnic studies, migration studies, and research on race and racism. Gradually emerging over the last decades, the field offers important correctives and extensions within research on racial identity, race relations, and hierarchies of power and privilege, as well as the power of racial categorization. Yet, a US and UK hegemony has heavily dominated the field regarding topics explored, analytical optics, and conceptual development. This paper explores, through conceptual developments, how critical mixed-race studies based in Scandinavia can decenter and supplement the hegemony of US and UK-dominated perspectives. By attending to the socio-political history and current moment in Scandinavia, I argue that while perspectives from US and UK-based scholarship bring essential insights to the Scandinavian context, critical-mixed studies in Scandinavia have much to offer in return by attending to the specific context within Scandinavia. On the one hand, theories of racialization and racial hierarchies have long been influential in the US and UK settings, while less so in the Scandinavian context. Yet, in critical-mixed race studies, perspectives on how culture, religious identities, and language influence processes of racialization, identity, and community have figured less in the US context. These analytical points have dominated much of the research agenda in migration and ethnic studies in Scandinavia. The question then becomes: can we move toward critical mixed-race studies that incorporate these perspectives?
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2026).
Oppsummering av NFR prosjektet: Likestilling, inkludering og mangfold i akademisk medisin og helsefag (BALANSE+).
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Kristensen, Solveig; Amundsen, Marthe & Harbo, Hanne-Cathrin Flinstad
(2026).
Likestilling og mangfold som kvalitetspolitikk i akademia.
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2026).
Likestilling, inkludering og mangfold i akademisk arbeid. Gevinster, utfordringer og konsekvenser.
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2026).
Critical Mixed Race Studies og norsk migrasjonsforskning: et konseptuelt forslag.
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Migrasjon og integrasjon analyseres vanligvis gjennom kategorier som «innvandrer», «etterkommer» og «majoritet/minoritet», mens befolkningsgrupper med blandet etnisk bakgrunn forblir analytisk marginale i norsk sosiologi, til tross for at den heterogene gruppen dette er stadig øker, både i Norge, USA og England. Internasjonalt har mixed race studies – og særlig Critical Mixed Race Studies (CMRS) – etablert seg som et viktig felt som undersøker hvordan blandethet belyser rasialisering, grensedragningene og nasjonale selvforståelser i migrasjons- og integrasjonssammenhenger. Dette paperet er et konseptuelt innlegg som skisserer hvordan innsikter fra mixed race studies kan videreutvikle sosiologisk forskning på migrasjon og integrasjon i Norge. Utgangspunktet for presentasjonen er at feltet og tematikken er, med noen få unntak fra Skandinavia generelt og Norge spesielt, fraværende fra norsk forskning.
Migrasjon og integrasjon er sentrale temaer i norsk sosiologi, men analyser av blandethet – personer med det vi kan kalle blandet rase eller «blandet bakgrunn» – har i liten grad vært utviklet som eget analytisk felt. Dette er slående, gitt at nettopp spørsmål om tilhørighet, grensedragninger og legitimitet står i sentrum for konfliktfylte offentlige debatter om innvandring, integrering, rasisme og ulikhet, og dermed også for en del av den sosiologiske forskningen i Norge. En tilnærming kan være å si at blandethet gjør synlig konflikter om hvem som regnes som «innvandrer», «norsk» eller «minoritet», og hvordan disse grensene forhandles, utfordres og til dels motarbeides både i hverdagsliv og i politikk. Dette går rett i kjernen av en rekke tema innenfor sosiologien.
Paperet er et konseptuelt innlegg som utvikler en forskningsagenda for mixed race-studier i en skandinavisk kontekst. For det første utforsker jeg, gjennom teoretiske og begrepslige drøftinger, hvordan mixed race-studier forankret i Skandinavia kan forskyve og supplere hegemoniet til den i hovedsak amerikanske og engelske litteraturen på feltet. Med utgangspunkt i den særegne historiske og sosio-politiske konteksten i Skandinavia, argumenterer jeg for at amerikansk og engelsk forskning gir sentrale innsikter til forståelsen av rasialisering, hierarkier og blandethet også her, men at mixed race-studier utviklet i en skandinavisk ramme samtidig kan gi viktige bidrag til den internasjonale litteraturen ved å ta de spesifikke (migrasjons)historiske, politiske og kulturelle vilkårene i regionen på alvor. På den ene siden har teorier om rase, rasialisering og rasehierarkier lenge vært mer eksplisitt utviklet og anvendt i amerikansk og engelsk sammenheng enn i de skandinaviske landene. På den andre siden har analyser av kultur, religiøs identitet og språk som nøkkelfaktorer i prosesser knyttet til tilhørighet, kategorisering og eksklusjon stått særlig sterkt i nordisk migrasjons- og etnisitetsforskning, men i mindre grad vært sentrale i den internasjonale litteraturen om mixed race, der nettopp teorier om rasialisering, «race relations» og rasisme har vært mye mer dominerende som analytiske inngangsporter.
Analytisk knyttes paperet til seminarets tema gjennom et fokus på konflikt og motstand på følgende måter: (1) konflikter om kategorier og statistikk (hvordan blandethet gjøres (u)synlig i offisiell statistikk og integrasjonspolitikk både historisk og konseptuelt) og (2) hverdagslige erfarte konflikter og former for motstand i møte med rasialiserte grensedragninger for personer med blandet etnisk bakgrunn. Avslutningsvis vil paperet skissere en forskningsagenda som både bygger på den internasjonale litteraturen om mixed race-studier og adresserer et tydelig kunnskapshull i norsk sosiologi. Jeg foreslår en videre forskningsinnsats som omfatter (1) kvantitative studier, (2) kvalitative studier, (3) historiske studier og (4) konseptuelle og teoretiske studier som kan sette mixed race-studier i dialog med migrasjons- og integrasjonsfeltet. Slik søker paperet å løfte blandethet som et sentralt tema i norsk forskning og å posisjonere mixed race-studier som et analytisk bindeledd mellom studier av migrasjon, integrasjon, rasisme og sosial ulikhet.
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2026).
Fra politikk til praksis: Hvordan sikrer vi fremragende utdanning (for en bærekraftig fremtid)? Rammevilkårene for pedagogisk utviklingsarbeid versus forskning.
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Schüttpelz-Brauns, Katrin; Matthes, Jan; Schauber, Stefan & Wagner-Menghin, Michaela
(2026).
The diversity of educational research in the health professions: More opportunities than challenges.
GMS Journal for Medical Education.
doi:
10.3205/zma001807.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Pettersen, Frank O. & Tasken, Kjetil
(2025).
Vaksinepodden - Episode 38 - Regulatoriske T-celler.
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I år ble Nobelprisen i medisin tildelt Shimon Sakaguchi, Mary E. Brunkow og Fred Ramsdell for deres arbeid med regulatoriske T-celler og perifer immuntoleranse. De illustrerer hvordan immunsystemet ideelt sett er i balanse.
i denne episoden av Vaksinepodden diskuterer vi hvorfor regulatoriske T-celler og demping av immunresponser er viktig for et sunt immunsystem. Vi ser også på de oppdagelsene nobelprisvinnerne gjorde som endret vår forståelse av immunsystemet.
Som gjest i studio har vi Kjetil Taskén. Han er instituttleder for Institutt for Kreftforskning ved Oslo Universitetssykehus, og forskningsgruppeleder på Universitetet i Oslo ved Seksjon for kreftimmunologi ved Institutt for klinisk medisin. I tillegg deltar overlege Frank Olav Pettersen fra Infeksjonsmedisinsk avdeling ved Ullevål, og Gunnveig Grødeland som er professor i immunologi og leder for Senter for pandemi- og en-helseforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig & Pettersen, Frank O.
(2025).
Vaksinepodden - Episode 39 - Influensa.
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Akkurat nå er vi på vei inn i det vi regner med blir en smittetopp for årets influensa. Hvordan blir du smittet, og hva kan du gjøre? Hva er forskjellen på sesonginfluensa og fugleinfluensa, og hvordan fungerer vaksinen? I denne episoden prater vi om influensa og hva vi kan forvente fremover.
I studio er overlege Frank Olav Pettersen fra Infeksjonsmedisinsk avdeling ved Ullevål, og Gunnveig Grødeland som er professor i immunologi og leder for Senter for pandemi- og en-helseforskning ved Universitetet i Oslo.
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Ødemark, John & Baker, Mona
(2025).
Translational Epistemologies and Open Science.
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Hosted by the Encounters in Translation Journal and the Bodies in Translation project, this event explores how translation, publishing practices, and epistemic values shape knowledge systems today.
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Eliassen, Knut Eirik Ringheim; Heggen, Kristin; Kvernenes, Monika; Al-Azzawi, Resha & Grimstad, Hilde
(2025).
Medisinstudenter må lære å håndtere usikkerhet.
Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet).
ISSN 0029-2001.
145(9).
doi:
10.4045/tidsskr.25.0256.
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Biomedisinsk kunnskap og praktiske ferdigheter er ikke nok for å mestre legeyrket. Utdanningen må styrke usikkerhetstoleransen og kompetansen til å håndtere den komplekse legerollen.
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Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen
(2025).
Neglecting to Death: Rethinking Power, Responsibility, and the Politics of Inaction in Global Health.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig & Toft, Martin
(2025).
UiOs prisar 2025: Koronaforskaren blei hekta på virus som tenåring.
[Journal].
Uniforum.
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Zerener, Anders Bjørnerud & Grødeland, Gunnveig
(2025).
Musk sparket smitteforskere: – Total kunnskapsløshet.
[Journal].
Nettavisen.
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Steenbuch, Bethen; Grødeland, Gunnveig & Rydland, Kjersti Margrethe
(2025).
Influensasesongen er hard i år. Dette må du vite.
[Journal].
Aftenposten.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Andersen, Svein Rune; Tollefsen, Stig & Bergstrøm, Richard
(2025).
Panelsamtale: Vaksineutvikling og vaksinefordeling.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Knutsen, Carl Henrik; MOENE, KALLE & Øvrelid, Lilja
(2025).
Panelsamtale: 80 Years of Democracy – Is There Hope for Another 80?
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Grødeland, Gunnveig & Steien, Tore Rasmussen
(2025).
Gunnveig Grødeland søker folk til unik norsk vaksinestudie.
[Journal].
Farmatid.
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Grødeland, Gunnveig; Aavitsland, Preben & Bu, Fanny
(2025).
Urovekkende utvikling: – Er nok bare et tidsspørsmål.
[Internet].
TV2.
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Leirbakk, Maria Jensberg; Magnus, Jeanette H.; Torper, Johan & Engebretsen, Eivind
(2025).
Development of a salutogenic early intervention home visiting program integrated in public child health clinic service in a multiethnic population in Norway.
Universitetet i Oslo.
ISSN 9788234806520.
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This dissertation is in the field of public health, specifically early childhood health promotion, and involves developing a salutogenic early-intervention home visit program integrated within public Child Health Clinic (CHC) services. It addresses three main issues: (1) the feasibility of implementing a universal, non-stigmatizing home visiting program within existing CHC structures; (2) the key elements of program praxis required for effective delivery by public health nurses (PHNs); and (3) the program’s acceptability to first-time parents.
Qualitative methods were applied across three studies. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with users of the CHC, program participating first-time parents, public health nurses (PHN) and stakeholders, as well as a scoping review and reviews of relevant service guidelines. The data were analyzed to evaluate program feasibility, praxis, and user acceptability.
Key findings: Integrating a salutogenic, home visiting program into existing CHC services is feasible. Trust-building between PHNs and parents was fundamental; PHNs also reported improved role clarity and job satisfaction from deeper engagement. Parents, initially sceptical, grew to appreciate the consistent, empathetic support provided in their homes. The program’s universal design (offered to all first-time families) successfully engaged families who might not be identified as at-risk through routine screening.
In conclusion, a co-created home visiting program can be effectively integrated into standard CHC services and is well received by families and PHNs. The dissertation highlights the importance of trust-building, continuity of care, early prenatal engagement, and a universal approach to avoid stigma. It also underscores the value of academic–public sector collaboration and active user involvement in developing public health interventions. These findings contribute to public health by offering a blueprint for implementing the program within existing services.
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Vandeskog, Hil Ousland
(2025).
Out of text, out of mind? Exploring competing discourses of gendered vulnerabilities in Norwegian NGOs’ Development aid through corpus-assisted discourse analysis.
Universitetet i Oslo.
ISSN 9788234806445.
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This thesis analyses how the articulation of the term "gender" in development discourse determines which gendered vulnerabilities are prioritized or ignored. With a focus on 2010–2020, the study explores potential intertextualities in the domain of “gender” of Norwegian development aid NGO texts and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015
The research asks: What gendered vulnerabilities are visible or invisible in Norwegian aid NGO texts in the SDG era? What are the implications of the articulations of gender in aid NGOs’ planning texts for the SDGs' leave no one behind-pledge and the rights-based approach to development?
The thesis makes use of corpus-assisted discourse analysis (CADS) and Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory to analyse policy, strategy, and planning texts from four Norwegian aid NGOs. This facilitated an exploration of collocation patterns around "gender," revealing its discursive constructions in different textual settings.
An analysis of the gender discourse in Agenda 2030 revealed a narrow association of "gender" with "women" and "girls," closing off the text’s scope for recognising broader gendered vulnerabilities. The research also found a surprising stability in the NGOs’ gender discourse before and after the adoption of the SDGs in 2015, beyond an increase of fixed expressions lifted directly from the SDGs.
The most significant finding of the thesis is that there was a strong commitment to SOGIE issues in the aid NGOs’ policy documents, but that terms associated with this discourse were entirely absent in strategies and planning texts. This suggests unresolved tensions in what gender means for the NGOs’ work. This can be read as a pragmatic response to polarized global discussions on gender issues. However, this strategy risks sidelining sexual and gender minorities, undermining the rights-based approach and the commitment of the SDGs to “leave no one behind.”
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