amandru

• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Bålsrud, Pia; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Ottestad, Inger Olaug & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2026). Cetoleic acid rich fish oil increases plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids in healthy volunteers: a double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. p. 1–28. doi: 10.1017/S0007114526107958. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Intake of fish and supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cetoleic acid promotes n-3 PUFA generation in salmon and human HepG2 cells, but data in humans are scarce. To explore the effect of cetoleic acid on n-3 PUFA levels, we performed a double-blinded randomised controlled trial in healthy adults (37 females and 12 males) for four weeks. The participants were randomised to consume either capsules with mackerel oil, naturally rich in cetoleic acid, or a control oil, both with a similar concentration of n-3 PUFA. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04841044). Supplements with mackerel oil resulted in higher plasma levels of the n-3 PUFAs 20:4n-3 (Eicosatetraenoic acid) and 20:5n-3 (Eicosapentaenoic acid) as compared with those receiving control oil. In addition, those who received the cetoleic-rich capsules had higher levels of 20:4n-3 in the RBC membrane and a decrease in expression of elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found no differences in lipid, glucose or C-reactive protein between the two treatment groups, consisting of healthy subjects. Our data suggests that supplementation with cetoleic-rich mackerel oil may result in increased levels of certain n-3 PUFAs. Further studies should include patients with or at risk for metabolic and CVD.

• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2025). LDL cholesterol burden in elderly patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: Insights from real-world data. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.100986. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). While current LDL-C levels usually guides therapy, the cumulative exposure to LDL-C (the LDL-C burden) is suggested to offer a more precise estimate of cardiovascular risk in people with FH. Therefore, using real-world data, this study aimed to estimate the LDL-C burden at different ages in elderly FH patients with and without CHD, and to assess the LDL-C burden at CHD onset. Methods Data was retrospectively collected from the medical records of elderly (>60 years) FH patients at the Lipid Clinic in Oslo. The LDL-C burden (mM-years) was estimated based on repeated LDL-C measurements and information on lipid-lowering medication. Time-weighted average (TWA) LDL-C was calculated as LDL-C burden divided by years. Results We included 112 FH patients, of which 55 (49 %) had experienced at least one CHD-event, and 58 (52 %) were females. Median age at first and last visit were 50 years and 68 years, respectively, with a median of 9 (range; 2–14) available LDL-C measurements. Subjects with CHD had higher LDL-C burden at all ages tested (45, 50 and 60 years) compared with the non-CHD group (p < 0.01, also after adjusting for sex), and had higher TWA LDL-C before treatment at the Lipid Clinic (p = 0.004), but not during follow-up (p = 0.6). There were no sex differences in LDL-C burden at all ages tested, also after adjusting for CHD (p > 0.1). However, women had higher TWA LDL-C during follow-up at the Lipid Clinic (p = 0.01). Median LDL-C burden at CHD onset was 352 mM-years; numerically lower in women than in men (320 vs. 357 mM-years, respectively. p = 0.1). Conclusion Elderly FH patients with CHD had higher estimated LDL-C burden compared with FH patients without CHD, due to higher burden prior to treatment, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Das, Siddhartha; Ginos, Bigina N.R; Matthews, Jason; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Voortman, Trudy [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Exposure to fine particulate matter in adults is associated with immune cell gene expression related to inflammation, the electron transport chain, and cell cycle regulation. Environmental Epigenetics. 11(1). doi: 10.1093/eep/dvaf008. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Exposure to air pollution and an unhealthy built environment increase disease risk by impacting metabolic risk factors and inflammation, potentially via epigenetic modifications and effects on gene expression. We aimed to explore associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, distance to nearest water body, normalized difference vegetation index, and impervious surface and gene expression profiles in adults. This study is a part of the LongITools project and includes cross-sectional data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study, and NoMa, a randomized controlled trial. Environmental exposures were assigned using land-use regression (LUR) models and satellite data. Gene expression was assessed with whole blood RNA sequencing (Rotterdam Study, n = 758) and microarray analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (NoMa, n = 100). We analysed transcriptomic profiles and enriched pathways associated with each of the environmental exposures. PM2.5 had the strongest gene expression associations, while only a few significant associations were observed for the other environmental exposures. In both populations, exposure to PM2.5 was associated with genes and pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA metabolism, cell cycle regulation, histones, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and neural signalling. This study is limited by different methods for RNA quantification, a cross-sectional design, and a small sample size. However, in both populations, exposure to PM2.5 resulted in the maximum number of associations with gene expression. In conclusion, PM2.5 is strongly associated with various gene expression profiles, which provide information about the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental health effects of exposure to PM2.5.

• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Gene expression profiling in elderly patients with familial hypercholesterolemia with and without coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 392. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117507. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims Elderly familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients are at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to high cholesterol burden and late onset of effective cholesterol-lowering therapies. A subset of these individuals remains free from any CHD event, indicating the potential presence of protective factors. Identifying possible cardioprotective gene expression profiles could contribute to our understanding of CHD prevention and future preventive treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gene expression profiles in elderly event-free FH patients. Methods Expression of 773 genes was analysed using the Nanostring Metabolic Pathways Panel, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from FH patients ≥65 years without CHD (FH event-free, n = 44) and with CHD (FH CHD, n = 39), and from healthy controls ≥70 years (n = 39). Results None of the genes were differentially expressed between FH patients with and without CHD after adjusting for multiple testing. However, at nominal p < 0.05, we found 36 (5%) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two FH groups, mainly related to lipid metabolism (e.g. higher expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in FH event-free) and immune responses (e.g. lower expression of STAT1 and STAT3 in FH event-free). When comparing FH patients to controls, the event-free group had fewer DEGs than the CHD group; 147 (19%) and 219 (28%) DEGs, respectively. Conclusions Elderly event-free FH patients displayed a different PBMC gene expression profile compared to FH patients with CHD. Differences in gene expression compared to healthy controls were more pronounced in the CHD group, indicating a less atherogenic gene expression profile in event-free individuals. Overall, identification of cardioprotective factors could lead to future therapeutic targets.

• Das, Siddhartha; Rundblad, Amanda; Marques, Irene Fontes; Soares, Ana Goncalves; Jaddoe, Vincent W. & Vrijheid, Martine [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2024). Air pollution exposure is associated with gene expression in children. Environmental Epigenetics. 10(1). doi: 10.1093/eep/dvae025. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Environmental exposures, including air pollutants and lack of natural spaces, are associated with suboptimal health outcomes in children. We aimed to study the associations between environmental exposures and gene expression in children. Associations of exposure to particulate matter (PM) with diameter <2.5 (PM2.5) and < 10 (PM10) micrometers, nitrogen dioxide, green spaces, and blue space, with whole-blood gene expression were explored in children from the Dutch Generation R Study (n = 172). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, batch, maternal education, and area socioeconomic status. Follow-up analysis was carried out using lymphoblastoid cell line gene expression in children from the ALSPAC Study (n = 946). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using hallmark and immune gene sets from the molecular signature database was carried out to identify significantly over-represented gene sets for insights into biological mechanisms Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with expression of 86 genes in discovery analyses in the Generation R Study [false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P-value < .25]. Of these, PM2.5 was also associated with GNG11 expression in the same direction in follow-up analysis (FDR-adjusted P-value < .05). The remaining exposures showed much fewer associations in the discovery analyses. GSEA using PM2.5 association results for both cohorts indicated suppression of gene sets related to interferon response and response to bacterial and viral exposure. In conclusion, gene expression analysis performed in two independent cohorts suggests that PM2.5 exposure in children may be involved in interferon and microbial infection responses.

• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlsen, Harald; Rocha, Sergio Domingos Cardoso; Rud, Ida; Solberg, Nina & Høst, Vibeke [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2024). Dietary intake of micronized avian eggshell membrane in aged mice reduces circulating inflammatory markers, increases microbiota diversity, and attenuates skeletal muscle aging. Frontiers in Nutrition. 10, p. 1–19. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1336477. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) is a complex extracellular matrix comprising collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid. We have previously demonstrated that ESM possesses anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and regulates wound healing processes in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate if oral intake of micronized ESM could attenuate skeletal muscle aging associated with beneficial alterations in gut microbiota profile and reduced inflammation. Methods: Elderly male C57BL/6 mice were fed an AIN93G diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1, or 8% ESM. Young mice were used as reference. The digestibility of ESM was investigated using the static in vitro digestion model INFOGEST for older people and adults, and the gut microbiota profile was analyzed in mice. In addition, we performed a small-scale pre-clinical human study with healthy home-dwelling elderly (>70 years) who received capsules with a placebo or 500 mg ESM every day for 4 weeks and studied the effect on circulating inflammatory markers. Results and discussion: Intake of ESM in elderly mice impacted and attenuated several well-known hallmarks of aging, such as a reduction in the number of skeletal muscle fibers, the appearance of centronucleated fibers, a decrease in type IIa/IIx fiber type proportion, reduced gene expression of satellite cell markers Sdc3 and Pax7 and increased gene expression of the muscle atrophy marker Fbxo32. Similarly, a transition toward the phenotypic characteristics of young mice was observed for several proteins involved in cellular processes and metabolism. The digestibility of ESM was poor, especially for the elderly condition. Furthermore, our experiments showed that mice fed with 8% ESM had increased gut microbiota diversity and altered microbiota composition compared with the other groups. ESM in the diet also lowered the expression of the inflammation marker TNFA in mice and in vitro in THP-1 macrophages. In the human study, intake of ESM capsules significantly reduced the inflammatory marker CRP. Altogether, our results suggest that ESM, a natural extracellular biomaterial, may be attractive as a nutraceutical candidate with a possible effect on skeletal muscle aging possibly through its immunomodulating effect or gut microbiota.

• Johansen, Anja Katrin; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Ulven, Stine Marie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Young women with familial hypercholesterolemia have higher LDL-cholesterol burden than men: Novel data using repeated measurements during 12-years follow-up. Atherosclerosis Plus. ISSN 2667-0909. 51, p. 28–34. doi: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.01.001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims The concentration and the duration of exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (LDL-C burden) is an important determinant of risk for cardiovascular disease and thresholds has recently been estimated. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. The overall aim of the present study was to describe differences in LDL-C level and LDL-C burden in females and males with FH visiting an outpatient lipid clinic from a young age, using multiple LDL-C measurements during a follow-up time of 12 years. First, we aimed to study if the LDL-C concentration and the LDL-C burden is different between females and males at ages 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and >30 years. Second, we aimed to estimate the subject-specific LDL-C burden at age 19 and 30 years, and the proportion of female and male patients that reach suggested LDL-C thresholds indicating high risk of ASCVD. Methods Data was retrospectively collected from medical records of 438 subjects (207 girls and 231 boys) with FH, referred to the Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital below the age of 19 years. The LDL-C burden was estimated based on repeated LDL-C measurements over time. Results Subjects were followed over a period of mean 12.0 (SD 7.0) years, with median 10 years (7–17; 25–75 percentiles, minimum 2), with median 6 (4–9; 25–75 percentiles, minimum 2) available LDL-C measurements, starting at mean age 11 (SD 3.9) years. There was a difference in both LDL-C and LDL-C burden between sexes at different ages. On average, males had lower LDL-C over time, although this difference was less pronounced with age and males also had lower estimated LDL-C burden over time, and this difference was further exacerbated with age. Conclusion Our study shows that young women with FH have a higher LDL-C burden than their male counterparts, potentially explaining the increased excess CVD risk seen among these. It underscores the importance of careful-follow up and early treatment initiation both prior to and after pregnancies in order to limit statin-free periods.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Sandoval, Viviana Paz Sandoval; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ordovás, José M. & Ulven, Stine Marie (2023). Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: A mini-review. Redox Biology. 63, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Supplementation with the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with lower CVD risk. However, results from randomized controlled trials that examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on CVD risk are inconsistent. This risk-reducing effect may be mediated by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and serum triglyceride (TG) levels. However, not all individuals respond by reducing TG levels after omega-3 supplementation. This inter-individual variability in TG response to omega-3 supplementation is not fully understood. Hence, we aim to review the evidence for how interactions between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and genetic variants, epigenetic and gene expression profiling, gut microbiota and habitual intake of omega-3 fatty acids can explain why the TG response differs between individuals. This may contribute to understanding the current controversies and play a role in defining future personalized guidelines to prevent CVD.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Christensen, Jacob J.; Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Ottestad, Inger & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Associations between dietary intake and glucose tolerance in clinical and metabolomics-based metabotypes. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 18(3). doi: 10.1186/s12263-023-00721-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Metabotyping is a novel concept to group metabolically similar individuals. Different metabotypes may respond differently to dietary interventions; hence, metabotyping may become an important future tool in precision nutrition strategies. However, it is not known if metabotyping based on comprehensive omic data provides more useful identification of metabotypes compared to metabotyping based on only a few clinically relevant metabolites. Aim This study aimed to investigate if associations between habitual dietary intake and glucose tolerance depend on metabotypes identified from standard clinical variables or comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. Methods We used cross-sectional data from participants recruited through advertisements aimed at people at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 203). Glucose tolerance was assessed with a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and habitual dietary intake was recorded with a food frequency questionnaire. Lipoprotein subclasses and various metabolites were quantified with NMR spectroscopy, and plasma carotenoids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. We divided participants into favorable and unfavorable clinical metabotypes based on established cutoffs for HbA1c and fasting and 2-h OGTT glucose. Favorable and unfavorable NMR metabotypes were created using k-means clustering of NMR metabolites. Results While the clinical metabotypes were separated by glycemic variables, the NMR metabotypes were mainly separated by variables related to lipoproteins. A high intake of vegetables was associated with a better glucose tolerance in the unfavorable, but not the favorable clinical metabotype (interaction, p = 0.01). This interaction was confirmed using plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, objective biomarkers of vegetable intake. Although non-significantly, the association between glucose tolerance and fiber intake depended on the clinical metabotypes, while the association between glucose tolerance and intake of saturated fatty acids and dietary fat sources depended on the NMR metabotypes. Conclusion Metabotyping may be a useful tool to tailor dietary interventions that will benefit specific groups of individuals. The variables that are used to create metabotypes will affect the association between dietary intake and disease risk.

• Christensen, Jacob J.; Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer; Rundblad, Amanda; Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Narverud, Ingunn & Blomhoff, Rune [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Dietary fat quality, plasma atherogenic lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An overview of the rationale for dietary recommendations for fat intake. Atherosclerosis. ISSN 0021-9150. 389. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117433. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The scientific evidence supporting the current dietary recommendations for fat quality keeps accumulating; however, a paradoxical distrust has taken root among many researchers, clinicians, and in parts of the general public. One explanation for this distrust may relate to an incomplete overview of the totality of the evidence for the link between fat quality as a dietary exposure, and health outcomes such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Therefore, the main aim of the present narrative review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the rationale for dietary recommendations for fat intake, limiting our discussion to ASCVD as outcome. Herein, we provide a core framework – a causal model – that can help us understand the evidence that has accumulated to date, and that can help us understand new evidence that may become available in the future. The causal model for fat quality and ASCVD is comprised of three key research questions (RQs), each of which determine which scientific methods are most appropriate to use, and thereby which lines of evidence that should feed into the causal model. First, we discuss the link between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and ASCVD (RQ1); we draw especially on evidence from genetic studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), epidemiology, and mechanistic studies. Second, we explain the link between dietary fat quality and LDL particles (RQ2); we draw especially on metabolic ward studies, controlled trials (randomized and non-randomized), and mechanistic studies. Third, we explain the link between dietary fat quality, LDL particles, and ASCVD (RQ3); we draw especially on RCTs in animals and humans, epidemiology, population-based changes, and experiments of nature. Additionally, the distrust over dietary recommendations for fat quality may partly relate to an unclear understanding of the scientific method, especially as applied in nutrition research, including the process of developing dietary guidelines. We therefore also aimed to clarify this process. We discuss how we assess causality in nutrition research, and how we progress from scientific evidence to providing dietary recommendations.

• Canet, Francisco; Christensen, Jacob J.; Victor, Victor M.; Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Ottestad, Inger & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Glycated proteins, glycine, acetate, and monounsaturated fatty acids may act as new biomarkers to predict the progression of type 2 diabetes: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 14(23), p. 1–19. doi: 10.3390/nu14235165. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Food protein or food-derived peptides may regulate blood glucose levels; however, studies have shown inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to characterize subgroups of individuals with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of fish protein in the same subgroups. We first divided participants into high insuliniAUC and low insuliniAUC subjects based on their insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC) levels after a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and secondly based on whether they had received 5.2 g salmon fish protein or placebo for 8 weeks, in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT). We then profiled these groups by analyzing plasma metabolomics and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression. Compared to the low insuliniAUC group, the high insuliniAUC group had higher plasma concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and glycated proteins (GlycA) and lower concentrations of glycine and acetate. After intervention with fish protein compared to placebo, however, only acetate was significantly increased in the low insuliniAUC group. In conclusion, we identified metabolic biomarkers known to be associated with T2D; also, intervention with fish protein did not affect cardiometabolic risk markers in subgroups with increased risk of T2D.

• Ronkainen, Justiina; Nedelec, Rozenn; Atehortua, Angelica; Balkhiyarova, Zhanna; Cascarano, Anna & Dang, Vien Ngoc [Show all 73 contributors for this article] (2022). LongITools: Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases. Environmental Epidemiology. 6(1). doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000184. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The current epidemics of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases have emerged alongside dramatic modifications in lifestyle and living environments. These correspond to changes in our “modern” postwar societies globally characterized by rural-to-urban migration, modernization of agricultural practices, and transportation, climate change, and aging. Evidence suggests that these changes are related to each other, although the social and biological mechanisms as well as their interactions have yet to be uncovered. LongITools, as one of the 9 projects included in the European Human Exposome Network, will tackle this environmental health equation linking multidimensional environmental exposures to the occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases.

• Larsen, Sunniva Veen; Holven, Kirsten B.; Christensen, Jacob J.; Flatberg, Arnar; Rundblad, Amanda & Leder, Lena [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Replacing Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat Modulates Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Pathways Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Using a Whole Transcriptome Approach. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 65(24). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202100633. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of replacing dietary saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using a whole transcriptome approach. Methods and Results Healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia (n = 115) are randomly assigned to a control diet (C-diet) group or an experimental diet (Ex-diet) group receiving comparable food items with different fatty acid composition for 8 weeks. RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention is analyzed by microarray technology (n = 95). By use of a linear regression model (n = 92), 14 gene transcripts are differentially altered in the Ex-diet group compared to the C-diet group. These include transcripts related to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, low-density lipoprotein receptor folding, and regulation of blood pressure. Furthermore, pathways mainly related to immune response and inflammation, signal transduction, development, and cytoskeleton remodeling, gene expression and protein function, are differentially enriched between the groups. Conclusion Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for 8 weeks modulates PBMC gene expression and pathways related to CVD risk in healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie; Hansson, Patrik; Ivan, Ingvild Hansen & Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Intake of fermented dairy products induces a less pro-inflammatory postprandial peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression response than non-fermented dairy products: A randomized controlled cross-over trial. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 64(21), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000319. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Scope: It is aimed to investigate how intake of high-fat meals composed of different dairy products with a similar fat content affects postprandial peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression of inflammation-related genes, as well as circulating inflammatory markers and metabolites.<p>Methods and results: Healthy subjects (n = 47) consume four different high-fat meals composed of either butter, cheese, whipped cream, or sourcream in a randomized controlled cross-over study. Fasting and postprandial PBMC gene expression, plasma metabolites, and circulating inflammatory markers are measured. Using a linear mixed model, it is found that expression of genes related to lymphocyte activation, cytokine signaling, chemokine signaling, and cell adhesion is differentially altered between the four meals. In general, intake of the fermented products cheese and sour cream reduces,while intake of the non-fermented products butter and whipped cream increases, expression of these genes. Plasma amino acid concentrations increase after intake of cheese compared to the other meals, and the aminoacid changes correlate with several of the differentially altered genes.<p>Conclusion: Intake of fermented dairy products, especially cheese, induces a less inflammatory postprandial PBMC gene expression response than non-fermented dairy products. These findings may partly explain inconsistent findings in studies on health effects of dairy products.

• Hustad, Solheim Kristin; Rundblad, Amanda; Ottestad, Inger; Christensen, Jacob J.; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2020). Comprehensive lipid and metabolite profiling in healthy adults with low and high consumption of fatty fish: A cross-sectional study. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520002305. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Fish consumption is associated with reduced risk of CVD, which may be partly mediated by alterations in plasma lipids, such as HDL-cholesterol. However, comprehensive analyses of associations between fatty fish consumption and lipoprotein subclass profile are limited and show inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of the present exploratory study was to investigate the association between fatty fish consumption and lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and composition, with an emphasis on HDL. We performed a comprehensive plasma metabolite profiling in 517 healthy adults, using a targeted high-throughput NMR spectroscopy platform. The participants were divided into tertiles based on consumption of fatty fish, reported through a validated FFQ. We compared the concentration of metabolites between the participants in the lowest and highest tertiles of fatty fish consumption. We show that high consumers of fatty fish (&gt;223 g/week, median intake 294 g/week) had higher particle concentrations and content of total lipids, free cholesterol and phospholipids in large and extra-large HDL particles and higher content of total cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and TAG in large HDL particles than low consumers (&lt;107 g/week, median intake 58 g/week). Using fatty fish consumption as a continuous variable, we found that fatty fish consumption was associated with lower levels of the inflammation marker glycoprotein acetyls. In conclusion, high consumers of fatty fish seem to have a more favourable HDL-cholesterol-related lipoprotein profile and anti-inflammatory phenotype than low consumers of fatty fish. Thus, these data support the current Norwegian dietary recommendations for fish consumption regarding CVD risk.

• Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob J.; Bakke, Siril Skaret; Ulven, Stine Marie; Rundblad, Amanda & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2019). Profiling of immune-related gene expression in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. p. 1–12. doi: 10.1111/joim.13001. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Innate and adaptive immune responses are pivotal in atherosclerosis, but their association with early‐stage atherosclerosis in humans is incompletely understood. In this regard, untreated children with familial hypercholesterolaemia may serve as a human model to investigate the effect of elevated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol. Objectives We aimed to study the immunological and inflammatory pathways involved in early atherosclerosis by examining mRNA molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with FH. Methods We analysed the level of 587 immune‐related mRNA molecules using state‐of‐the‐art Nanostring technology in PBMCs from children with (n = 30) and without (n = 21) FH, and from FH children before and after statin therapy (n = 10). Results 176 genes (30%) were differentially expressed between the FH and healthy children at P < 0.05. Compared to healthy children, the dysregulated pathways in FH children included the following: T cells (18/19); B cells (5/6); tumour necrosis factor super family (TNFSF) (6/8); cell growth, proliferation and differentiation (5/7); interleukins (5/9); toll‐like receptors (2/5); apoptosis (3/7) and antigen presentation (1/7), where the ratio denotes higher expressed genes to total number of genes. Statin therapy reversed expression of thirteen of these mRNAs in FH children. Conclusion FH children display higher PBMC expression of immune‐related genes mapped to several pathways, including T and B cells, and TNFSF than healthy children. Our results suggest that LDL‐C plays an important role in modulating expression of different immune‐related genes, and novel data on the involvement of these pathways in the early atherosclerosis may represent future therapeutic targets for prevention of atherosclerotic progression.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Larsen, Sunniva; Myhrstad, Mari; Ottestad, Inger; Thoresen, Magne & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression and triglyceride composition in lipoprotein subclasses in plasma triglyceride responders and non-responders to omega-3 supplementation. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 14(10), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12263-019-0633-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background:Intake of the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)reduces fasting triglyceride (TG) levels and may thereby lower cardiovascular disease risk. However, there are largeinter-individual differences in the TG-lowering effect of omega-3 supplementation. Genotype differences partly explainthis variation, but gene-environment interactions leading to gene expression differences may also be important. In thisstudy, we aimed to investigate baseline differences and differences in the change in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) gene expression and lipoprotein subclass TG levels between TG responders and non-responders to omega-3fatty acid supplementation.Methods:In a previous randomized controlled trial, healthy normotriglyceridemic subjects (n= 35, 71% women)received 1.6 g EPA + DHA/day for 7 weeks. In this exploratory sub-study, we defined TG responders as subjects havinga TG reduction beyond the 20% day-to-day variation and non-responders as having a TG change between−20% and+ 20% after omega-3 supplementation. PBMC gene expression was measured using microarray, and lipoproteinsubclasses were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results:Eight subjects were defined as responders with a median TG reduction of 37%, and 16 subjects were definedas non-responders with a median TG change of 0%. At baseline, responders had higher TG levels in two of four high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses and 909 gene transcripts (p≤0.05) were differentially expressed compared to non-responders. During the intervention, the plasma TG reduction among responders was reflected in TG reductions in fourof six different very low-density lipoprotein subclasses and three of four different HDL subclasses. Compared to non-responders, the expression of 454 transcripts was differentially altered in responders (p≤0.05). Pathway analyses revealed that responders had altered signaling pathways related to development and immune function. In addition,two of the top 10 enriched pathways in responders compared to non-responders were related to lysophosphatidic acid signaling.Conclusion:TG responders and non-responders to omega-3 supplementation have different lipoprotein subclass andPBMC gene expression profiles at baseline and different lipoprotein subclass and PBMC gene expression responses toomega-3 supplementation. These gene expression differences may partially explain the variability in TG response observed after omega-3 supplementation.

• Ulven, Stine Marie; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Rundblad, Amanda; Myhrstad, Mari; Leder, Lena & Dahlman, Ingrid [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2019). An isocaloric nordic diet modulates RELA and TNFRSF1A gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals with metabolic syndrome - a SYSDIET sub-study. Nutrients. 11:2932(12), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/nu11122932. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reduced inflammation. To explore this at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of a Nordic diet (ND) on changes in the gene expression profiles of inflammatory and lipid-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MetS. We hypothesized that the intake of an ND compared to a control diet (CD) would alter the expression of inflammatory genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism. The individuals with MetS underwent an 18/24-week randomized intervention to compare a ND with a CD. Eighty-eight participants (66% women) were included in this sub-study of the larger SYSDIET study. Fasting PBMCs were collected before and after the intervention and changes in gene expression levels were measured using TaqMan Array Micro Fluidic Cards. Forty-eight pre-determined inflammatory and lipid related gene transcripts were analyzed. The expression level of the gene tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) was down-regulated (p = 0.004), whereas the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit, RELA proto-oncogene, was up-regulated (p = 0.016) in the ND group compared to the CD group. In conclusion, intake of an ND in individuals with the MetS may affect immune function.

• Myhrstad, Mari; Mello, Vanessa D. De; Dahlman, Ingrid; Kolehmainen, Marjukka; Paananen, Jussi & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2019). Healthy Nordic Diet Modulates the Expression of Genes Related to Mitochondrial Function and Immune Response in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome - A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. ISSN 1613-4125. 63(13). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201801405. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Scope. To explore the effect of a healthy Nordic diet on the global transcriptome profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Methods and results. Subjects with metabolic syndrome undergo a 18/24 week randomized intervention study comparing an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet with an average habitual Nordic diet served as control (SYSDIET study). Altogether, 68 participants are included. PBMCs are obtained before and after intervention and total RNA is subjected to global transcriptome analysis. 1302 probe sets are differentially expressed between the diet groups (p‐value < 0.05). Twenty‐five of these are significantly regulated (FDR q‐value < 0.25) and are mainly involved in mitochondrial function, cell growth, and cell adhesion. The list of 1302 regulated probe sets is subjected to functional analyses. Pathways and processes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, immune response, and cell cycle are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. In addition, gene transcripts with common motifs for 42 transcription factors, including NFR1, NFR2, and NF‐κB, are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. Conclusion. These results suggest that benefits of a healthy diet may be mediated by improved mitochondrial function and reduced inflammation.

• Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Rundblad, Amanda; Flatberg, Arnar; Myhrstad, Mari & Karlsen, Karina [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Increased protein intake affects pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) processing, immune function and IGF signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of home-dwelling old subjects using a genome-wide gene expression approach. Genes & Nutrition. ISSN 1555-8932. 14:32. doi: 10.1186/s12263-019-0654-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Adequate protein intake among older adults is associated with better health outcomes such as immune function and metabolic regulation of skeletal muscle, but conflicting results make it difficult to define the optimal intake. To further understand the impact of protein intake on metabolic processes, the aim of the study was to explore genome-wide gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in homedwelling old subjects after increased protein intake for 12weeks. Method: In a parallel double-blind randomized controlled intervention study, subjects (≥ 70years) received a protein-enriched milk (2 × 20g protein/day, n = 14, mean (±SD) age 76.9 ± 4.9years) or an isocaloric carbohydrate drink (n = 17, mean (±SD) age 77.7 ± 4.8years) for breakfast and evening meal for 12weeks. PBMCs were isolated before and after the intervention. Microarray analysis was performed using Illumina technology. Serum levels of gut peptides and insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 were also measured. Results: In total 758 gene transcripts were regulated after increased protein intake, and 649 gene transcripts were regulated after intake of carbohydrates (p < 0.05). Forty-two of these genes were overlapping. After adjusting for multiple testing, 27 of the 758 gene transcripts were regulated (FDR, q-value < 0.25) after protein intake. Of these 25 were upregulated and two downregulated. In particular, genes and signaling pathways involved in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processing, immune function, and IGF signaling were significantly altered. Conclusions: PBMCs can be used to study gene expression changes after long-term protein intake, as many signaling pathways were regulated after increased protein intake. The functional significance of these findings needs to be further investigated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID no. NCT02218333. The study was registered on August 18, 2014.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2018). Effects of krill oil and lean and fatty fish on cardiovascular risk markers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Nutritional Science (JNS). 7. doi: 10.1017/jns.2017.64. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fish consumption and supplementation with n-3 fatty acids reduce CVD risk. Krill oil is an alternative source of marine n-3 fatty acids and few studies have investigated its health effects. Thus, we compared krill oil supplementation with the intake of fish with similar amounts of n-3 fatty acids on different cardiovascular risk markers. In an 8-week randomised parallel study, thirty-six healthy subjects aged 18–70 years with fasting serum TAG between 1·3 and 4·0 mmol/l were randomised to receive either fish, krill oil or control oil. In the fish group, subjects consumed lean and fatty fish, according to dietary guidelines. The krill and control group received eight capsules per d containing 4 g oil per d. The weekly intake of marine n-3 fatty acids from fish given in the fish group and from krill oil in the krill group were 4103 and 4654 mg, respectively. Fasting serum TAG did not change between the groups. The level of total lipids (P = 0·007), phospholipids (P = 0·015), cholesterol (P = 0·009), cholesteryl esters (P = 0·022) and non-esterified cholesterol (P = 0·002) in the smallest VLDL subclass increased significantly in response to krill oil supplementation. Blood glucose decreased significantly (P = 0·024) in the krill group and vitamin D increased significantly in the fish group (P = 0·024). Furthermore, plasma levels of marine n-3 fatty acids increased significantly in the fish and krill groups compared with the control (all P ≤ 0·0003). In conclusion, supplementation with krill oil and intake of fish result in health-beneficial effects. Although only krill oil reduced fasting glucose, fish provide health-beneficial nutrients, including vitamin D.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2018). Effects of fish and krill oil on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and circulating markers of inflammation: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Nutritional Science (JNS). 7. doi: 10.1017/jns.2018.2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Marine n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids alter gene expression by regulating the activity of transcription factors. Krill oil is a source of marine n-3 fattyacids that has been shown to modulate gene expression in animal studies; however, the effect in humans is not known. Hence, we aimed to compare the effect of intake of krill oil, lean and fatty fish with a similar content of n-3 fatty acids, and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) with added astaxanthin on the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as circulating inflammatory markers. In an 8-week trial, healthy men and women aged 18–70 years with fasting TAG of 1·3–4·0 mmol/l were randomised to receive krill oil capsules (n 12), HOSO capsules (n 12) or lean and fatty fish (n 12). The weekly intakes of marine n-3 fatty acids from the interventions were 4654, 0 and 4103 mg, respectively. The mRNA expression of four genes, PPAR γ coactivator 1A (PPARGC1A), steaoryl-CoA desaturase (SCD), ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), were differently altered by the interventions. Furthermore, within-group analyses revealed that krill oil down-regulated the mRNA expression of thirteen genes, including genes involved in glucose and cholesterol metabolism and β-oxidation. Fish altered the mRNA expression of four genes and HOSO down-regulated sixteen genes, including several inflammation-related genes. There were no differences between the groups in circulating inflammatory markers after the intervention. In conclusion, the intake of krill oil and HOSO with added astaxanthin alter the PBMC mRNA expression of more genes than the intake of fish.

• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ottestad, Inger; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). High-quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidised fish oil on intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL subclasses: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 117(9), p. 1291–1298. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517001167. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Fish oil (FO) supplementation reduces the risk of CVD. However, it is not known if FO of different qualities have different effects on lipoprotein subclasses in humans. We aimed at investigating the effects of oxidised FO and high-quality FO supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses and their lipid concentrations in healthy humans. In all, fifty-four subjects completed a double-blind randomised controlled intervention study. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive high-quality FO (n 17), oxidised FO (n 18) or high-oleic sunflower oil capsules (HOSO, n 19) for 7 weeks. The concentration of marine n-3 fatty acids was equal in high-quality FO and oxidised FO (1·6 g EPA+DHA/d). The peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (AV) were 4 mEq/kg and 3 in high-quality FO and HOSO, whereas the PV and AV in the oxidised FO were 18 mEq/kg and 9. Blood samples were collected at baseline and end of study. NMR spectroscopy was applied for the analysis of lipoprotein subclasses and their lipid concentrations. High-quality FO reduced the concentration of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles and large, medium and small LDL particles, as well as the concentrations of total lipids, phospholipids, total cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and free cholesterol in IDL and LDL subclasses compared with oxidised FO and HOSO. Hence, high-quality FO and oxidised FO differently affect lipid composition in lipoprotein subclasses, with a more favourable effect mediated by high-quality FO. In future trials, reporting the oxidation levels of FO would be useful.

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• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Difference in PBMC gene expression between elderly event-free FH patients and FH patients with CHD. Full text in Research Archive
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Difference in PBMC gene expression between elderly event-free FH patients and FH patients with CHD. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Hansen, Anna Lena; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Melnes, Torunn; Ottestad, Inger Olaug & Narverud, Ingunn [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have shorter telomeres than controls in older, but not in young subjects: a cross-sectional study. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Bastani, Nasser Ezzatkhah; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2023). Associations between dietary intake and glucose tolerance in  clinical and metabolomics-based metabotypes. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Das, Siddhartha; Matthews, Jason; Ginos, Gina; Kavousi, Maryam & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Air pollution, built environment and associations with gene expression and CVD risk markers in adults. Full text in Research Archive
• Melnes, Torunn; Bogsrud, Martin Prøven; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Narverud, Ingunn & Retterstøl, Kjetil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Difference in PBMC gene expression between elderly event-free FH patients and FH patients with CHD. Full text in Research Archive
• Rønning, Sissel Beate; Carlsen, Harald; Rocha, Sergio Domingos Cardoso; Solberg, Nina; Høst, Vibeke & Veiseth-Kent, Eva [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Intake of avian Eggshell membrane powder can reduce inflammation and attenuate skeletal muscle aging. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2021). Intake of fermented dairy products induces a less pro-inflammatory postprandial PBCM gene expression response than non-fermented dairy products. Full text in Research Archive
• Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Bakke, Siril Skaret; Ulven, Stine Marie; Rundblad, Amanda & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Profiling of immune‐related gene expression in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2020). Intake of fermented dairy products induces a less pro-inflammatory postprandial peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression response than non-fermented dairy products. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2019). Effects of fish and krill oil on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and circulating markers of inflammation: a randomised controlled trial. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2019). Forskjeller i lipoprotein subklasser og PBMC genuttrykk mellom triglyserid-respondere og ikke-respondere etter omega-3 inntak. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Larsen, Sunniva Veen; Myhrstad, Mari; Ottestad, Inger; Thoresen, Magne & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Characterization of PBMC gene expression and lipoprotein subclasses among plasma TG responders and non-responders. Full text in Research Archive
• Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Rundblad, Amanda; Ottestad, Inger; Christensen, Jacob J.; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2019). Intake of fatty fish and lipoprotein subclass profiling in healthy adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Full text in Research Archive
• Hustad, Kristin Solheim; Rundblad, Amanda; Ottestad, Inger; Christensen, Jacob J.; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ulven, Stine Marie (2019). Intake of fatty fish and lipoprotein subclass profiling in healthy adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2018). Hva er sunnest, fisk eller krillpiller? [Journal]. Sunnmørsposten. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Larsen, Sunniva Veen; Myhrstad, Mari; Ottestad, Inger; Thoresen, Magne & Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Gene expression changes in plasma triglyceride responders and non-responders to omega-3 supplementation. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2018). The future of delivering fish and fish oil to the nations - balancing dietary recommendations, health benefits and sustainable supplies. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2018). Marine omega-3 fatty acids from different dietary sources and effects on cardiovascular risk markers. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda & Lavoll, Hallvard (2018). Spis opp fisken din. [Radio]. Viten + snakkis - en podcast fra #OsloMet. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ottestad, Inger; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2018). High-quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidised fish oil on intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL subclasses: a randomised controlled trial. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2018). Effects of fish and krill oil on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lipoprotein subclasses. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2018). The future of delivering fish and fish oil to the nations - balancing dietary recommendations, health benefits and sustainable supplies. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2018). Effects of fish and krill oil on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and circulating markers of inflammation. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda (2018). The future of delivering fish and fish oil to the nations - balancing dietary recommendations, health benefits and sustainable supplies. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2018). Effects of fish and krill oil on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and circulating markers of inflammation. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). Effects of krill oil and lean and fatty fish on cardiovascular risk markers. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). Fet og mager fisk og krillolje - Effekter på metabolisme og inflammasjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). Effects of krill oil and lean and fatty fish on lipoprotein subclasses, plasma metabolites and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ottestad, Inger; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). High-quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidised fish oil on intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL subclasses. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ottestad, Inger; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). High-quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidized fish oil on intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL subclasses: a randomised controlled trial. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ottestad, Inger; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). High quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidized fish oil on intermediate and low density lipoprotein subclasses. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Bruheim, Inge; Andreassen, Rune; Myhrstad, Mari C & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). Effects of krill oil and lean and fatty fish on lipoprotein subclasses and low molecular-weight metabolites. Full text in Research Archive
• Ottestad, Inger; Narverud, Ingunn; Christensen, Jacob J.; Rundblad, Amanda; Øyri, Linn Kristin Lie & Larsen, Sunniva Veen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Ost - venn eller fiende for hjertehelsa? Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ottestad, Inger; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). High quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidized fish oil on intermediate and low density lipoprotein subclasses. Full text in Research Archive
• Rundblad, Amanda; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Ottestad, Inger; Myhrstad, Mari & Ulven, Stine Marie (2017). Quality of fish oil has an impact on lipid composition in intermediate and low density lipoprotein subclasses. Full text in Research Archive
• Lavoll, Hallvard & Rundblad, Amanda (2016). Fisk kan påvirke genene dine. [Internet]. Viten + Snakkis Podcast. Full text in Research Archive
• Hamrin, Margaretha; Christensen, Jacob J.; Ottestad, Inger; Narverud, Ingunn; Gjevestad, Gyrd Omholt & Rundblad, Amanda [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2016). Fra Beverly Hills-dietten til Nordisk kost – hva virker? FH-magasinet. Full text in Research Archive

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