Hilde Kristin Jacobsen

• Jacobsen, Hilde K.; Tandberg, Bente S.; Kynø, Nina M & Sailer, Uta (2026). Exploring the association between parent touch attitudes and experiences with duration of skin-to-skin contact and holding in preterm infants. Early Human Development. ISSN 0378-3782. 214. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106476. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) provides extensive benefits for preterm infants and is highly recommended. However, parental SSC duration in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) varies considerably, with contributing factors poorly understood. Parents' perspectives on, and prior experiences with touch may influence SSC duration. Aims To investigate how parental attitudes toward and experiences with touch relate to SSC and holding durations, and to explore how these durations vary by relationship (mother/father), infant gestational age (GA) and parents' level of education. Study design Observational Study. Subjects Parents (n = 123) of preterm infants (n = 69), GA 270–366, admitted to a Norwegian family-centered care NICU providing 24/7 parental presence, participated. Outcome measures Daily parental SSC and holding durations (one week), video-evaluation of occurrence of slow, gentle and faster stroking, and Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire. Results Mothers provided significantly more SSC (p = .024) and holding (p = .005) than fathers. Parents provided significantly more SSC for infants at GA 27–30 (p = .029) and GA 31–33 (p = .036) than for GA 34–36, while significantly more holding for GA 31–33 (p = .022) and GA 34–36 (p = .001) than GA 27–30. No relation between parents' touch attitudes and experiences, affective touch awareness, or education, and SSC and holding duration was observed. Conclusion Maternal status and GA predicted SSC and holding duration yet explained the variance only partially. Parents' touch attitudes and experiences showed no association. This suggests that contextual, clinical or systemic factors may predominantly determine SSC and holding provision.

• Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin; Ballangrud, Randi & Birkeli, Gørill (2024). Learning from patient safety incidents: The Green Cross method. Nursing in Critical Care. ISSN 1362-1017. doi: 10.1111/nicc.13114. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkeli, Gørill; Ballangrud, Randi; Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin; Deilkås, Ellen Catharina Tveter & Lindahl, Anne Karin (2023). Green Cross method in a postanaesthesia care unit: a qualitative study of the healthcare professionals’ experiences after 3 years, including the COVID-19 pandemic period. BMJ Open Quality. 12(2). doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002247. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Unsafe medical care causes morbidity and mortality among the hospital patients. In a postanaesthesia care unit (PACU), increasing patient safety is a joint effort between different professions. The Green Cross (GC) method is a user-friendly incident reporting method that incorporates daily safety briefings to support healthcare professionals in their daily patient safety work. Thus, this study aimed to describe healthcare professionals’ experiences with the GC method in a PACU setting 3 years after its implementation, including the period of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic’s three waves. Design An inductive, descriptive qualitative study was conducted. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Setting The study was conducted at a PACU of a university hospital in South-Eastern Norway. Participants Five semistructured focus group interviews were conducted in March and April 2022. The informants (n=23) were PACU nurses (n=18) and collaborative healthcare professionals (n=5) including physicians, nurses and a pharmacist. Results The theme ‘still active, but in need of revitalisation’ was created, describing the healthcare professionals’ experiences with the GC method, 3 years post implementation. The following five categories were found: ‘continuing to facilitate open communication’, ‘expressing a desire for more interprofessional collaboration regarding improvements’, ‘increasing reluctance to report’, ‘downscaling due to the pandemic’ and ‘expressing a desire to share more of what went well’. Conclusions This study offers information regarding the healthcare professionals’ experiences with the GC method in a PACU setting; further, it deepens the understanding of the daily patient safety work using this incident reporting method.

• Birkeli, Gørill; Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin & Ballangrud, Randi (2021). Nurses’ experience of incident reporting culture before and after implementing the Green Cross method: A quality improvement project. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. ISSN 0964-3397. 69, p. 103166–103166. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103166. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Adverse events are a leading cause of death worldwide, although many are considered preventable. Incident reporting is a prerequisite for preventing adverse events; however, underreporting is common. The Green Cross method is an alternative incident reporting process that includes a daily team meeting to discuss incidents and work on improvements. Objectives The aim of this quality improvement project was to improve the culture of incident reporting by implementing the Green Cross method and to evaluate the improvement by describing nurses’ experience with the culture of incident reporting. Methods The project included a three-month implementation of the method in a postanesthesia care unit, which was evaluated by focus group interviews (n = 22 nurses) and analysed by qualitative content analysis. Findings Four focus group interviews were conducted before implementation (n = 19 nurses) and four after implementation (n = 16 nurses). Before implementation, Theme 1, “Incident reporting with potential for improvement”, was constructed, describing a culture wherein nurses expressed motivation to report incidents but barriers, such as finding the system complicated and experiencing emotional obstacles towards reporting, prevented them. After implementation, Theme 2, “Increased focus on transparency”, was constructed, describing a culture wherein nurses perceived an increased rate of incident reporting but still encountered barriers, such as finding reporting uncomfortable and demanding, experiencing a threatened working environment, and still wanting visible improvement. Conclusion The nurses in the postanesthesia care unit experienced the Green Cross method as a useful patient safety initiative for improving the rate of incident reporting, but barriers to reporting still existed. Keywords Adverse eventCritical Care NursingGreen CrossIncident ReportingPostanesthesia NursingSafety Culture

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• Birkeli, Gørill; Ballangrud, Randi; Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin; Deilkås, Ellen Catharina Tveter & Lindahl, Anne Karin (2026). Collective Reflection and Learning Following the Green Cross Method. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Green Cross method contributes to interprofessional discussions around patient safety incidents in daily safety briefings and weekly reflections. The Green Cross method was implemented in a Norwegian postanaesthesia care unit in February 2019. The purpose of this presentation is to report the findings following the implementation of the Green Cross method over a period of four years (2019-2022) regarding: How does the Green Cross method affect collective reflection and learning in a postanaesthesia care unit?

• Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin; Tandberg, Bente; Kynø, Nina M & Sailer, Uta (2023). Is parental attitude related to the amount of time they devote to skin-to-skin contact with their preterm infant? Full text in Research Archive
• Birkeli, Gørill; Wahl, Karina; Ballangrud, Randi; Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin; Ros, Axel & Stenmarker, Margaretha (2022). "Yes, please. To both”. Norwegian and Swedish healthcare staff’s perceptions of safety reflection huddles in a Safety-I and -II approach. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkeli, Gørill; Ballangrud, Randi; Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin; Deilkås, Ellen C Tveter & Lindahl, Anne Karin (2022). The Green Cross method in a postanaesthetic care unit. A qualitative study of health professionals’ experiences three years after the implementation. Full text in Research Archive
• Rød, Irene; Jacobsen, Hilde Kristin; Strøm-Roum, Ellen Marie; Stær-Jensen, Jette & Solevåg, Anne Lee (2021). Pandemien tvang oss til å tenke nytt om simuleringstrening. Sykepleien. ISSN 0039-7628. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2021.83955. Full text in Research Archive

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