Bjørn Allan Moum

• Wiken, Thea H.; Høivik, Marte Lie; Anisdahl, Karoline; Buer, Lydia Celine Tansem; Warren, David & Bolstad, Nils [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Subcutaneous Vedolizumab Treatment in a Real-World Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Switched From Intravenous Vedolizumab: Eighteen-Month Prospective Follow-up Study. Crohn's & Colitis 360. ISSN 2631-827X. 6(1). doi: 10.1093/crocol/otae013.
• Anisdahl, Karoline; Lirhus, Sandre Svatun; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm; Moum, Bjørn Allan; Melberg, Hans Olav & Høivik, Marte Lie (2024). Frailty risk and treatment strategy in elderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease. A Norwegian nationwide population-based registry study. Digestive and Liver Disease. ISSN 1590-8658. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.02.002.
• Follin-Arbelet, Benoit; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Hovde, Øistein; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter & Moum, Bjørn Allan (2023). Risk of Cancer in Patients With Crohn's Disease 30 Years After Diagnosis (the IBSEN Study). Crohn's & Colitis 360. ISSN 2631-827X. 5(4), p. 1–6. doi: 10.1093/crocol/otad057. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are most often diagnosed as young adults; therefore, long-term studies are needed to assess the risk of cancer over their lifetime. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine the risk of cancer in a Norwegian population-based cohort (the Inflammatory Bowel South Eastern Norway [IBSEN] study), 30 years after diagnosis, and to assess whether patients with CD were at an increased risk of specific cancer types. Methods: The IBSEN cohort prospectively included all incident patients diagnosed between 1990 and 1993. Data on cancer incidence were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Overall and cancer-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for CD patients compared with age- and sex-matched controls were modeled using Cox regression. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated compared to the general population. Results: In total, the cohort included 237 patients with CD, and 36 of them were diagnosed with cancer. Compared to the general Norwegian population, patients with CD had an increased overall risk of cancer (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.06-2.28), particularly male patients (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.08-3.16). The incidence of lung cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer was increased; however, the difference was not statistically significant (SIR = 2.29, 95% CI: 0.92-4.27 and SIR = 2.45, 95% CI: 0.67-5.37, respectively). Conclusions: After 30 years of follow-up, the risk of all cancers in patients with CD was increased compared to the general population. Keywords: Cancer; Crohn’s disease. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn's & Colitis Foundation.

• Follin-Arbelet, Benoit; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Hovde, Øistein; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter & Moum, Bjørn Allan (2023). Incidence of cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis 30 years after diagnosis (the IBSEN study). Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 58(11). doi: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2223709. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have shown an increased risk for colorectal cancer, hepatobiliary, hematologic, and skin cancers, but updated long-term data is needed. This study aimed to estimate the risk of cancer in patients with UC compared to the general Norwegian population, in a population-based cohort (the IBSEN study), 30 years after diagnosis; and to identify possible risk factors associated with cancer. Methods: The IBSEN cohort prospectively included all incident patients between 1990 and 1993. Cancer incidence data were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. The overall and cancer-specific hazard ratios (HR) were modelled using Cox regression. Standardized incidence ratios were estimated compared to the general population. Results: In total, the cohort included 519 patients, and 83 cases were diagnosed with cancer. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall cancer risk (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: [0.79-1.29]) and colorectal cancer risk (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: [0.75-2.47]) between patients and controls. The incidence of biliary tract cancer was higher than expected (SIR = 9.84, 95%CI: [3.19-20.15]), especially when UC patients suffered from primary sclerosing cholangitis. Male UC patients were also more at risk of being diagnosed with hematologic malignancies (HR = 3.48, 95% CI: [1.55-7.82]). Being prescribed thiopurines was associated with a higher risk of cancer (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: [1.02-4.01]). Conclusions: At 30 years after diagnosis, the risk of all cancer in patients with UC was not significantly increased compared with the general population. However, the risks of biliary tract cancer and hematologic cancers were increased, particularly in male patients.

• Horrigan, Jamie M; Louis, Edouard; Spinelli, Antonino; Travis, Simon; Moum, Bjørn Allan & Salwen-Deremer, Jessica [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). The Real-World Global Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes for the Care of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Crohn's & Colitis 360. ISSN 2631-827X. 5(2). doi: 10.1093/crocol/otad006. Full text in Research Archive
• Burisch, Johan; Zhao, Mirabella; Odes, Selwyn; De Cruz, Peter; Vermeire, Severine & Bernstein, Charles N [Show all 33 contributors for this article] (2023). The cost of inflammatory bowel disease in high-income settings: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology. ISSN 2468-1253. 8(5), p. 458–492. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(23)00003-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Helm, Thea Elisabeth; Høivik, Marte Lie; Buer, Lydia Celine Tansem; Warren, David; Bolstad, Nils & Moum, Bjørn Allan [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Switching from intravenous to subcutaneous vedolizumab maintenance treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease followed by therapeutic drug monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 58(8), p. 863–873. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2176252. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørgensen, Kristin Kaasen; Høivik, Marte Lie; Chopra, Adity; Saltyte Benth, Jurate; Ricanek, Petr & Moum, Bjørn Allan [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2023). Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive medication: association to serum drug levels and disease type. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 58(8), p. 874–882. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2177884. Full text in Research Archive
• Follin-Arbelet, Benoit; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Hovde, Øistein; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter & Moum, Bjørn Allan (2022). Mortality in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from 30 Years of Follow-up in a Norwegian Inception Cohort (the IBSEN study). Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 17(4), p. 497–503. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac156. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and Aims: Patients with longstanding inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] may be at an increased risk of death compared to the general population, especially elderly patients. The Inflammatory Bowel South-Eastern Norway [IBSEN] study has previously detected a small but not statistically significant increase in mortality 20 years after diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall and cause-specific mortality at 30 years of follow-up. Methods: The IBSEN cohort included 519 incident patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 237 patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] between 1990 and 1993, each matched with five controls. Death certificate data were obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. The underlying causes of death were categorized into five groups: all cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular diseases, infections and all other causes. Hazard ratios [HRs] were modelled using Cox regression. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the overall mortality rates. However, in patients with CD, male sex (HR = 1.65 [95% CI: 1.04–2.62]), onset after 40 years of age (HR = 1.72 [1.19–2.48]), colonic disease (HR = 1.57 [1.05–2.35]) and penetrating behaviour (HR = 3.3 [1.41–7.76]) were clinical factors associated with an increased mortality. IBD patients were at a higher risk of death due to cardiovascular disease: HR = 1.51 [1.10–2.08] for UC and 2.04 [1.11–3.77] for CD. When taking into account both the underlying and the immediate cause of death, infection was more frequent in patients with IBD. Conclusions: Overall, all-cause mortality rates were similar between patients with IBD and controls. However, clinicians should remain alert to cardiovascular diseases and infections, particularly in specific subgroups of CD patients. Key Words: Inflammatory bowel disease; mortality; population-based study © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

• Opheim, Randi; Moum, Kristian Marling; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Moum, Bjørn Allan (2022). The impact of restrictions on psychological outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on biological treatment during the coronavirus pandemic in Norway. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 20. doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03254-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhao, Mirabella; Lirhus, Sandre Svatun; Lördal, Mikael; Langholz, Ebbe; Knudsen, Torben & Voutilainen, Markku [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Therapeutic management and outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases, 2010 to 2017 in cohorts from Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ISSN 0269-2813. 56(6), p. 989–1006. doi: 10.1111/apt.17145.
• Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Moum, Bjørn Allan; Grimstad, Tore Bjørn; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Hovde, Øistein & Frigstad, Svein Oskar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20): psychometrical testing in a Norwegian sample of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. p. 1–7. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2029939. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  OBJECTIVES To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Participants were recruited from nine hospitals in the southeastern and western parts of Norway. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected, and participants completed the MFI-20, as well as the Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ). In addition to a confirmatory factor analysis, validity, reliability, test-retest and responsiveness were evaluated. RESULTS In total, 410 patients were included. The Norwegian MFI-20 had an acceptable model fit when compared to the original five-dimensional structure. A positive correlation was observed between the dimensions of MFI-20 and the FQ. MFI-20 scores increased according to subjective disease activity, but no differences were observed when using a calprotectin cut-off < or > =250 µg/g mg/kg. All MFI-20 dimensions except ‘reduced motivation’ in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients had alpha Cronbach alpha values ≥70, and test-retest reliability revealed good to excellent values. Merely one dimension (Reduced activity) in UC patients reporting improvement did not reach the threshold for acceptable responsiveness according to Guyatt statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Norwegian version of MFI-20 is valid, reliable and responsive. The instrument can safely be used in studies using fatigue as an endpoint.

• Anisdahl, Karoline; Lirhus, Sandre Svatun; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm; Moum, Bjørn; Melberg, Hans Olav & Høivik, Marte Lie (2021). First-line biologic treatment of inflammatory bowel disease during the first 12 months after diagnosis from 2010 to 2016: a Norwegian nationwide registry study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. p. 1–7. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1955147. Full text in Research Archive
• Moum, Kristian Marling; Moum, Bjørn & Opheim, Randi (2021). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive drugs: perspectives’ on COVID-19 and health care service during the pandemic. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 56(5), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1901308. Full text in Research Archive
• Detlie, Trond Espen; Jahnsen, Marte Eide; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer; Moum, Bjørn & Finnes, Elisabeth [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Hypophosphatemia after high-dose intravenous iron treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms and possible clinical impact. World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG). ISSN 1007-9327. 27(17), p. 2039–2053. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i17.2039.
• Lirhus, Sandre Svatun; Høivik, Marte Lie; Moum, Bjørn; Anisdahl, Karoline & Melberg, Hans Olav (2021). Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in norway and the impact of different case definitions: A nationwide registry study. Clinical Epidemiology. ISSN 1179-1349. 13, p. 287–294. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S303797. Full text in Research Archive
• Vesterhus, Mette; Nielsen, Mette Juul; Hov, Johannes Roksund; Saffioti, Francesca; Manon-Jensen, Tina & Leeming, Diana Julie [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Comprehensive assessment of ECM turnover using serum biomarkers establishes PBC as a high-turnover autoimmune liver disease. JHEP Reports. 3(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100178. Full text in Research Archive
• Monstad, Iril Lovise; Solberg, Inger Camilla; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Hovde, Oistein; Henriksen, Magne & Huppertz-Hauss, Gert [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Outcome of Ulcerative Colitis 20 Years after Diagnosis in a Prospective Population-based Inception Cohort from South-Eastern Norway, the IBSEN Study. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 15(6), p. 969–979. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa232. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and aims: The long-term course of ulcerative colitis [UC] is difficult to predict. Mortality, colectomy, cancer, and hospitalisation represent hard outcomes of disease. Moreover, knowledge on the risk of relapses and need for potent medication add important information about living with UC. We aimed to evaluate the course and prognosis of UC during the first 20 years after diagnosis, and to identify early prognostic risk factors. Methods: From 1990 to 1994, a population-based inception cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease was enrolled in South-Eastern Norway. A systematic follow-up [FU] was conducted at 1,5, 10, and 20 years after diagnosis. Clinical outcomes were recorded continuously, and possible relationships between early disease characteristics and outcomes were analysed using multiple regression analysis. Results: Among 519 UC patients, 119 died, 60 were lost to FU, and 340 were included in the FU cohort. The 20-year cumulative risk of colectomy was 13.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] [11.4-14.6]). Extensive colitis at diagnosis was independently associated with an increased risk of colectomy compared with proctitis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2].8, 95% CI [1.3-6.1]). In contrast, mucosal healing at 1-year FU was independently associated with reduced risk of colectomy [HR = 0.4, 95% CI [0.2-0.8]), and inversely associated with subsequent risk of relapse [adjusted HR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.3-0.7]). Conclusions: The overall risk of colectomy in our cohort was lower than expected from previous studies, although considerable for patients with extensive colitis at diagnosis. Early mucosal healing was associated with better disease outcomes 20 years after diagnosis.

• Kravdal, Øystein; Magnus, Per; Moum, Bjørn & Høivik, Marte Lie (2020). Association of Childbearing with a Short-Term Reduced Risk of Crohn Disease in Mothers. American Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0002-9262. 189(4), p. 294–304. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz285. Full text in Research Archive
• Hedin, Charlotte Rose Hawkey; Sado, Gina; Ndegwa, Nelson; Lytvyak, Ellina; Mason, Andrew & Montano-Loza, Aldo [Show all 36 contributors for this article] (2020). Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. ISSN 1542-3565. 18(10), p. 2295–2304.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.014.
• Jørgensen, Kristin Kaasen; Goll, Guro Løvik; Sexton, Joseph; Bolstad, Nils; Olsen, Inge Christoffer & Asak, Øivind Wessel [Show all 29 contributors for this article] (2020). Efficacy and safety of CT-P13 in inflammatory bowel disease after switching from originator infliximab: Exploratory analyses from the NOR-SWITCH main and extension trials. BioDrugs. ISSN 1173-8804. 34(5), p. 681–694. doi: 10.1007/s40259-020-00438-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The NOR-SWITCH main and extension trials demonstrated that switching from originator to biosimilar infliximab (CT-P13) is efficacious and safe across six diseases. However, a subgroup analysis of Crohn's disease (CD) in the main trial displayed a close to significant difference favouring originator infliximab, and more scientific data have therefore been requested. Objective: The aim was to assess treatment efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in an explorative subgroup analysis in CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the NOR-SWITCH trials. Patients and methods: The 52-week, randomised, non-inferiority, double-blind, multicentre, phase 4 NOR-SWITCH study was followed by a 26-week open extension trial where all patients received treatment with CT-P13. Treatment efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in CD and UC were assessed throughout the 78-week study period. Results: The main and extension trials included 155 and 93 patients with CD and 93 and 80 patients with UC, respectively. Demographic and baseline characteristics were comparable in both treatment arms within patient groups. There were no differences in the main and extension trials regarding changes in activity indices, C-reactive protein, faecal calprotectin, patient's and physician's global assessment of disease activity and patient-reported outcome measures in CD and UC. Moreover, comparable results were also demonstrated for trough serum levels, presence of anti-drug antibodies, and reported adverse events. Conclusion: Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of both the originator and biosimilar infliximab were comparable in CD and UC in the NOR-SWITCH main and extension trials. These explorative subgroup analyses confirm that there are no significant concerns related to switching from originator infliximab to CT-P13 in CD and UC.

• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Høivik, Marte Lie; Moum, Bjørn & Vatn, Morten H (2020). Serological antibodies and surgery in a population-based inception cohort of Crohn's disease patients - the IBSEN study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1745879.
• Klepp, Pasquale Catherine; Brackmann, Stephan; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Høivik, Marte Lie; Hovde, Øistein & Henriksen, Magne [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). Risk of colorectal cancer in a population-based study 20 years after diagnosis of ulcerative colitis: results from the IBSEN study. BMJ open gastroenterology. ISSN 2054-4774. 7. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000361. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective The association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely accepted, although attenuated risk has been reported in recent years. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended with intervals based on established clinical risk factors. Nevertheless, a significant number of patients develop interval cancers, indicating the need of improved individualised assessment. In the present study, we evaluated clinical risk factors associated with CRC during a prescheduled follow-up 20 years after diagnosis, the IBSEN study. Design A population-based inception cohort of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease from 1 January 1990 until 31 December 1993, prospectively followed at 1, 5, 10 and 20 years after diagnosis. A total of 517 patients with UC were included; 264 (51 %) men; median age at inclusion 37.4 years (4–88). Results The overall incidence of CRC was 1.6% (8/517) at a 20-year follow-up. The total lifetime risk of CRC prior to or after UC diagnosis was 2.3%. (12/517). Patients older than 70 years at diagnosis had a 15-fold higher risk of CRC compared with those diagnosed when younger than 40 years, with HR 15.68 (95% CI: 1.31 to 187.92). Neither sex, first-degree relative with CRC, extent of colitis nor primary sclerosing cholangitis affected the risk of CRC. Conclusion The risk of CRC in UC was low and comparable with the risk of CRC in the background population of Norway.

• Opheim, Randi; Moum, Bjørn; Grimstad, Tore; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Berset, Ingrid Prytz & Hovde, Øistein [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Self-esteem in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 29, p. 1839–1846 . doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02467-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore self-esteem and associations between self-esteem and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors in patients with infammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disease of chronic relapsing infammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD symptoms, including pain, fatigue, and diarrhea, as well as potential life-long medical treatment and surgery, may be demanding, cause signifcant challenges, and infuence self-esteem. Methods In this cross-sectional multicenter study, participants were recruited from nine hospitals in the southeastern and western regions of Norway from March 2013 to April 2014. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Selfesteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, fatigue was assessed by the Fatigue Questionnaire, self-efcacy was assessed by the General Self-Efcacy Scale, and disease activity was assessed by the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Harvey Bradshaw Index for Crohn’s disease (CD). Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to examine associations between self-esteem and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors. Results In total, 411 of 452 (91%) patients had evaluable data and were included in this study. The mean scores on selfesteem, self-efcacy, total fatigue, anxiety, and depression were similar between UC patients and CD patients. Male gender, being employed, and higher self-efcacy were independently associated with higher self-esteem, whereas anxiety and depression were independently associated with lower self-esteem. Neither disease activity nor fatigue were associated with self-esteem in the fnal multiple regression analyses. Conclusion Patient-centered interventions that improve self-esteem and reduce anxiety and depression seem to be important to optimize IBD management. Keywords Self-esteem · Self-efcacy · Coping · Infammatory bowel disease · Ulcerative colitis · Crohn’s disease · Health psychology · Chronic disease · Health-related quality of life

• Kravdal, Øystein; Magnus, Per; Moum, Bjørn & Høivik, Marte Lie (2020). Childbearing is Associated with a Short-term Reduced Risk of Crohn’s Disease in Mothers . American Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0002-9262. 189(4), p. 294–304. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz285. Full text in Research Archive
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Høivik, Marte Lie; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Småstuen, Milada C; Grimstad, Tore & Berset, Ingrid Prytz [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Pain Severity and Vitamin D Deficiency in IBD Patients. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 12(1), p. 1–12. doi: 10.3390/nu12010026. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Pain and vitamin D deficiency are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Disease activity, fatigue, frequent relapses, prior surgery and psychological factors all seem to influence the experience of pain in IBD. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with muscle and skeletal pain. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of pain in patients with IBD, and to investigate the influence of other socio-demographic and psychological variables on the experience of pain. Methods: Patients with IBD were recruited from nine hospitals in Norway in a multicenter cross-sectional study. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) questionnaire was used to measure pain. Disease activity was assessed using clinical disease activity indices, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin. Regression models were fitted to explore a possible association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pain severity. Results: Of 407 patients included in the analyses, 229 (56%) had Crohn's disease (CD) and 178 (44%) had ulcerative colitis (UC). Vitamin D deficiency was present in half (203/407) of patients. Presence of pain was reported by 76% (309/407). More severe pain was associated with female gender and increased disease activity scores, but not with increased CRP or fecal calprotectin. In CD, patients without prior intra-abdominal surgery reported more severe pain. In multivariate analyses, there was no association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pain severity. Conclusions: In this study, no significant association between pain severity and vitamin D deficiency was revealed in patients with IBD. Keywords: pain severity; patient reported outcomes; vitamin D deficiency.

• Ossum, Alvilde Maria; Palm, Øyvind; Småstuen, Milada C; Bernklev, Tomm; Jahnsen, Jørgen & Moum, Bjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). The Impact of Spondyloarthritis and Joint Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life and Fatigue in IBD Patients. Results from a Population-Based Inception Cohort (20-Year Follow-up in the Ibsen Study). Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ISSN 1078-0998. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izz105. Full text in Research Archive
• Detlie, Trond Espen; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer; Jahnsen, Marte Eide; Finnes, Elisabeth; Zoller, Heinz & Moum, Bjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Incidence of hypophosphatemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ISSN 0269-2813. 50(4), p. 397–406. doi: 10.1111/apt.15386. Full text in Research Archive
• Goll, Guro Løvik; Jørgensen, Kristin Kaasen; Sexton, Joseph; Olsen, Inge Christoffer; Bolstad, Nils & Haavardsholm, Espen A. [Show all 48 contributors for this article] (2019). Long‐term efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab (CT‐P13) after switching from originator infliximab: Open‐label extension of the NOR‐SWITCH trial. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 285(6), p. 653–669. doi: 10.1111/joim.12880. Full text in Research Archive
• Dhillon, Amandeep Kaur; Kummen, Martin; Trøseid, Marius; Åkra, Sissel; Liaskou, Evaggelia & Moum, Bjørn [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Circulating markers of gut barrier function associated with disease severity in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver international (Print). ISSN 1478-3223. 39(2), p. 371–381. doi: 10.1111/liv.13979. Full text in Research Archive
• Kisiel, John; Klepp, Pasquale Catherine; Allawi, Hatim T.; William, Taylor; Giakoumopoulos, Maria & Sander, Tamara [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Analysis of DNA Methylation at Specific Loci in Stool Samples Detects Colorectal Cancer and High-Grade Dysplasia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. ISSN 1542-3565. 17(5), p. 914–921. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.004.
• Siegel, Corey A.; Whitman, Cynthia B.; Spiegel, Brennan M.R.; Feagan, Brian; Sands, Bruce & Loftus, Edward V. [Show all 36 contributors for this article] (2018). Development of an index to define overall disease severity in IBD. Gut. ISSN 0017-5749. 67(2), p. 244–254. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312648.
• Buer, Lydia Celine Tansem; Moum, Bjørn; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Warren, David; Bolstad, Nils & Medhus, Asle Wilhelm [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Real world data on effectiveness, safety and therapeutic drug monitoring of vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A single center cohort. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1548646.
• Nielsen, MJ; Thorburn, Douglas; Leeming, DJ; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund; Nygård, Ståle & Moum, Bjørn [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2018). Serological markers of extracellular matrix remodeling predict transplant-free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ISSN 0269-2813. 48, p. 179–189. doi: 10.1111/apt.14806.
• Ossum, Alvilde Maria; Palm, Øyvind; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Solberg, Inger Camilla; Vatn, Morten H & Moum, Bjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Peripheral arthritis in patients with long-term inflammatory bowel disease. Results from 20 years of follow-up in the IBSEN study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1518482. Show summary

  Objectives: Peripheral arthritis and related musculoskeletal manifestations, often classified as peripheral spondyloarthritis, are frequently seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Few long-term studies have reported on the prevalence of these conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IBD-related peripheral arthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis in IBD patients during 20 years of disease course, and to assess whether these conditions were associated with the intestinal IBD severity and activity. Materials and methods: In an inception cohort (the IBSEN study), IBD patients were followed prospectively for 20 years. At the 5 year follow-up the patients underwent a rheumatological examination and at the 20 year follow-up they completed a questionnaire with identical questions. When peripheral arthritis was characteristic and not explained by other specific diagnoses, it was defined as IBDrelated peripheral arthritis. The Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria were used to define peripheral spondyloarthritis, including patients with peripheral arthritis, enthesitis and/ or dactylitis. Results: After 20 years of follow-up, 441 patients were included (296 ulcerative colitis and 145 Crohn’s disease). The prevalence of IBD-related peripheral arthritis was 17.2% and peripheral spondyloarthritis 27.9% during the disease course. IBD severity and activity were not different between those with a history of IBD-related peripheral arthritis or peripheral spondyloarthritis and those without. A higher proportion of women had IBD-related peripheral arthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis. Conclusion: During 20 years of disease course, more than every sixth patient had suffered from IBDrelated peripheral arthritis and every fourth from peripheral spondyloarthritis.

• Klepp, Pasquale Catherine; Tollisen, Anita; Røseth, Arne; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Andersen, Solveig Norheim & Vatn, Morten H [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Real-life chromoendoscopy for dysplasia surveillance in ulcerative colitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG). ISSN 1007-9327. 24(35), p. 4069–4076. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i35.4069. Full text in Research Archive
• Shah, Shailja C.; Khalili, Hamed; Gower-Rousseau, Corinne; Olén, Ola; Benchimol, Eric I. & Lynge, Elsebeth [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2018). Sex-based differences in incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases-Pooled analysis of population-based studies from Western countries. Gastroenterology. ISSN 0016-5085. 155(4), p. 1079–1089.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.043.
• Engebretsen, Kristin V Thunheim; Høgestøl, Ingvild Kristine; Hewitt, Stephen I; Risstad, Hilde; Moum, Bjørn & Kristinsson, Jon Adalsteinn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Anemia following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity; a 5-year follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 53(8), p. 917–922. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1489892.
• Lirhus, Sandre Svatun; Høivik, Marte Lie; Moum, Bjørn & Melberg, Hans Olav (2018). Regional differences in anti-TNF-a therapy and surgery in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease patients: a Norwegian nationwide cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 53(8), p. 952–957. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1495258. Full text in Research Archive
• Høivik, Marte Lie; Buer, Lydia Celine Tansem; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Warren, David; Bolstad, Nils & Moum, Bjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Switching from originator to biosimilar infliximab?real world data of a prospective 18 months follow-up of a single-centre IBD population. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 53(6), p. 692–699. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1463391.
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Høivik, Marte Lie; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Grimstad, Tore & Berset, Ingrid Prytz [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Fatigue is not associated with vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease patients . World Journal of Gastroenterology (WJG). ISSN 1007-9327. 24(29), p. 3293–3301. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3293.
• Buer, Lydia Celine Tansem; Høivik, Marte Lie; Warren, David; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm & Moum, Bjørn (2018). Combining Anti-TNF-? and Vedolizumab in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Series. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ISSN 1078-0998. 24(5), p. 997–1004. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx110. Show summary

  Background Anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF-α) is important in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, but some patients experience only a partial response. In these patients, a combination of anti-TNF-α and vedolizumab (VDZ) may act as a bridge until the full VDZ effect occurs. At present, clinical data on combination treatment with anti-TNF-α and VDZ are not available. The aim of this case series was to evaluate the safety and clinical response of combination therapy with anti-TNF-α and VDZ in clinical practice. Methods All patients started on combination treatment with anti-TNF-α and VDZ from November 2015 to July 2016 were prospectively followed for at least 12 months. Results Six patients with ulcerative colitis and four patients with Crohn’s disease received combination treatment. These patients were followed for a median of 1712–20 months. No more adverse events than expected with anti-TNF-α alone were observed during combination treatment. At the end of follow-up, all patients were in clinical remission, and 8 patients could discontinue anti-TNF-α treatment and receive VDZ monotherapy. Two of the patients with Crohn’s disease required combination treatment throughout follow-up to obtain sustained remission. Conclusion Our findings suggest that combination treatment with anti TNF-α and VDZ is safe and might represent a long-term treatment option in selected patients.

• Klepp, Pasquale Catherine; Kisiel, John; Allawi, Hatim T; Taylor, William R; Giakoumopoulos, Maria & sander, Tamara [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2018). Analysis of DNA Methylation at Specific Loci in Stool Samples Detects Colorectal Cancer and High-grade Dysplasia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. ISSN 1542-3565. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.004..
• Klepp, Pasquale Catherine; Kisiel, John; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Røseth, Arne; Andersen, Solveig Norheim & Vatn, Morten H [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Multi-target stool DNA test in the surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 53(3), p. 273–278. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1424935.
• Henriksen, Magne; Høivik, Marte Lie; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter & Moum, Bjørn (2018). Irritable bowel-like symptoms in ulcerative colitis are as common in patients in deep remission as with inflammation; results from a population-based study (the IBSEN study). Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 12(4), p. 389–393. doi: 10.1093/ECCO-JCC/JJX152.
• Ossum, Alvilde Maria; Palm, Øyvind; Kapica, Aida; Småstuen, Milada C; BANITALEBI, HASAN & Negård, Anne [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Ankylosing Spondylitis and Axial Spondyloarthritis in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From 20 Years of Follow-up in the IBSEN Study. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 12(1), p. 96–104. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx126.
• Burisch, Johan; Vegh, Zsuzsanna; Katsanos, Konstantinos H.; Christodoulou, Dimitrios K.; Lazar, Daniela & Goldis, Adrian [Show all 52 contributors for this article] (2017). Occurrence of anaemia in the first year of inflammatory bowel disease in a European population-based inception cohort-An ECCO-EpiCom study. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 11(10), p. 1213–1222. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx077.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Røseth, Arne; Ahmad, Tahir Riaz; Skar, Viggo Øystein & Moum, Bjørn (2017). Fecal Calprotectin: A Reliable Predictor of Mucosal Healing after Treatment for Active Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology Research and Practice. ISSN 1687-6121. 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/2098293. Full text in Research Archive
• Tronstad, Rune Rose; Kummen, Martin; Holm, Kristian; Volkmann, Hilde Løland Von; Anmarkrud, Jarl Andreas & Høivik, Marte Lie [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2017). Guanylate cyclase C activation shapes the intestinal microbiota in patients with familial diarrhea and increased susceptibility for Crohn's disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ISSN 1078-0998. 23(10), p. 1752–1761. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001264.
• Vesterhus, Mette; Holm, Anders; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund; Nygård, Ståle; Schrumpf, Erik & Melum, Espen [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2017). Novel serum and bile protein markers predict primary sclerosing cholangitis disease severity and prognosis. Journal of Hepatology. ISSN 0168-8278. 66(6), p. 1214–1222. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.01.019.
• Buer, Lydia Celine Tansem; Høivik, Marte Lie; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm & Moum, Bjørn (2017). Does the Introduction of Biosimilars Change Our Understanding about Treatment Modalities for Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Digestive Diseases. ISSN 0257-2753. 35(1-2), p. 74–82. doi: 10.1159/000449087.
• Lerdal, Anners; Opheim, Randi; Gay, Caryl; Moum, Bjørn; Fagermoen, May Solveig & Kottorp, Anders (2017). Psychometric limitations of the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale assessed by Rasch analysis. BMC Psychology. ISSN 2050-7283. 5(18). doi: 10.1186/s40359-017-0187-y.
• Huppertz-Hauss, Gert; Høivik, Marte; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Opheim, Randi; Henriksen, Magne & Høie, Ole Ingebreth [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2017). Fatigue in a population-based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease 20 years after diagnosis: The IBSEN study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 52(3), p. 351–358. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1256425.
• Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Moum, Bjørn; Grimstad, Tore; Opheim, Randi & Jahnsen, Jørgen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Pain may be an important factor to consider in inflammatory bowel disease patients troubled by fatigue. United European Gastroenterology Journal (UEG Journal). ISSN 2050-6406. 5(5), p. 687–693. doi: 10.1177/2050640616674654.
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Høivik, Marte; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Småstuen, Milada C & Grimstad, Tore [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2017). Vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease: Prevalence and predictors in a Norwegian outpatient population. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 52(1), p. 100–106. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1233577. Show summary

  Background and aim: Vitamin D deficiency is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and to identify clinical and epidemiological variables associated with vitamin D deficiency in an outpatient population with IBD. Methods: Participants were recruited from nine hospitals in the southeastern and western regions of Norway as part of an observational, multicentre study from March 2013 to April 2014. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected by interview and from medical records. All analyses of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were performed in the same laboratory. Results: In total, 49% (200/408) of the patients had a 25-OH-D concentration <50 nmol/L, including 53% (122/230) of the Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and 44% (78/178) of the ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. In CD patients, disease activity, measured as the HBI, was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency. No such association was observed with the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) scores in UC, but in UC patients, vitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated faecal calprotectin >100 mg/kg. In patients with CD, there were significantly more relapses during the previous year in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was common, especially in CD, and was associated with increased disease activity, a relapsing disease course and higher inflammatory activity.

• Kummen, Martin; Vesterhus, Mette; Trøseid, Marius; Moum, Bjørn; Svardal, Asbjørn M. & Boberg, Kirsten Muri [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Elevated trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with poor prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with normal liver function. United European Gastroenterology Journal (UEG Journal). ISSN 2050-6406. 5(4), p. 532–541. doi: 10.1177/2050640616663453.
• Buer, Lydia Celine Tansem; Moum, Bjørn; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Warren, David; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm & Høivik, Marte Lie (2016). Switching from Remicade® to Remsima® is well tolerated and feasible: a prospective, open-label study. Journal - Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada. ISSN 1197-4982. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw166.
• Hovde, Øistein; Høivik, Marte Lie; Henriksen, Magne; Solberg, Inger Camilla; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Moum, Bjørn A (2016). Malignancies in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from 20 Years of Follow-up in the IBSEN Study. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw193.
• Wanderås, Magnus; Moum, Bjørn; Høivik, Marte Lie & Hovde, Øistein (2016). Predictive factors for a severe clinical course in ulcerative colitis: Results from population-based studies. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics (WJGPT). ISSN 2150-5349. 7(2), p. 235–241. doi: 10.4292/WJGPT.v7.i2.235.
• Opheim, Randi; Høivik, Marte; Bernklev, Tomm; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter & Moum, Bjørn (2016). The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Gastroenterology Research and Practice. ISSN 1687-6121. 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/6453657.
• Huppertz-Hauss, Gert; Aas, Eline; Høivik, Marte; Langholz, Ebbe; Odes, Selwyn & Småstuen, Milada C [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Comparison of the Multiattribute Utility Instruments EQ-5D and SF-6D in a Europe-Wide Population-Based Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease 10 Years after Diagnosis. Gastroenterology Research and Practice. ISSN 1687-6121. 2016:5023973, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1155/2016/5023973.
• Kapica, Aida; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund; Borthne, Arne Sigmund; Gleditsch, Jostein; Johannesen, Glenn & Tveit, Knut [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2016). Prevalence of Sclerosing Cholangitis Detected by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology. ISSN 0016-5085. 151(4), p. 660–669. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.021.
• Follin - Arbelet, Benoit & Moum, Bjørn (2016). Fluoride: a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease? Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 51(9), p. 1019–1024. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1177855.
• Jørgensen, Silje Fjellgård; Trøseid, Marius; Kummen, Martin; Anmarkrud, Jarl Andreas; Michelsen, Annika & Osnes, Liv T. N. [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2016). Altered gut microbiota profile in common variable immunodeficiency associates with levels of lipopolysaccharide and markers of systemic immune activation. Mucosal Immunology. ISSN 1933-0219. doi: 10.1038/mi.2016.18.
• Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Moum, Bjørn; Grimstad, Tore; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Opheim, Randi & Berset, Ingrid Prytz [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2016). Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the brief pain inventory in inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. ISSN 2291-2789. 2016:5624261. doi: 10.1155/2016/5624261.
• Huppertz-Hauss, Gert; Høivik, Marte; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Henriksen, Magne; Høie, Ole Ingebreth & Jahnsen, Jørgen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease 20 years after diagnosis: results from the IBSEN study. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ISSN 1078-0998. 22(7), p. 1679–1687. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000806.
• Kummen, Martin; Holm, Kristian; Anmarkrud, Jarl Andreas; Nygård, Ståle; Vesterhus, Mette & Høivik, Marte [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2016). The gut microbial profile in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is distinct from patients with ulcerative colitis without biliary disease and healthy controls. Gut. ISSN 0017-5749. 66(4), p. 611–619. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310500. Show summary

  Objective: Gut microbiota could influence gut, as well as hepatic and biliary immune responses. We therefore thoroughly characterised the gut microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) compared with healthy controls (HC) and patients with ulcerative colitis without liver disease. Design: We prospectively collected 543 stool samples. After a stringent exclusion process, bacterial DNA was submitted for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PSC and HC were randomised to an exploration panel or a validation panel, and only significant results (p<0.05, QFDR<0.20) in both panels were reported, followed by a combined comparison of all samples against UC. Results: Patients with PSC (N=85) had markedly reduced bacterial diversity compared with HC (N=263, p<0.0001), and a different global microbial composition compared with both HC (p<0.001) and UC (N=36, p<0.01). The microbiota of patients with PSC with and without IBD was similar. Twelve genera separated PSC and HC, out of which 11 were reduced in PSC. However, the Veillonella genus showed a marked increase in PSC compared with both HC (p<0.0001) and UC (p<0.02). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, Veillonella abundance yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.64 to discriminate PSC from HC, while a combination of PSC- associated genera yielded an AUC of 0.78. Conclusions: Patients with PSC exhibited a gut microbial signature distinct from both HC and UC without liver disease, but similar in PSC with and without IBD. The Veillonella genus, which is also associated with other chronic inflammatory and fibrotic conditions, was enriched in PSC.

• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Lauritzen, Trine; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Corwin, Christian & Moum, Bjørn (2016). Patient-performed extraction of faecal calprotectin. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. ISSN 1434-6621. 54(8), p. 1357–1363. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1037.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Malmstrøm, Gunn Helen; Skar, Viggo Øystein; Røseth, Arne & Moum, Bjørn (2016). Clinical importance of faecal calprotectin variability in inflammatory bowel disease: Intra-individual variability and standardisation of sampling procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 51(5), p. 548–555. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1117650.
• Hovde, Øistein; Småstuen, Milada C; Høivik, Marte; Bernklev, Tomm; Huppertz-Hauss, Gert & Høie, Ole Ingebreth [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2016). Mortality and Causes of Death in Ulcerative Colitis: Results from 20 Years of Follow-up in the IBSEN Study. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ISSN 1078-0998. 22(1), p. 141–145. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000582.
• Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Bernklev, Tomm; Hovde, Øistein; Berset, Ingrid Prytz; Huppertz-Hauss, Gert & Moum, Bjørn [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Patients’ perceptions of quality of care and follow-up in inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 51(4), p. 434–441. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1102319.
• Larsson, Geir; Shenoy, Kotacherry Thrivikrama; Ramasubramanian, Ramalingom; Thayumanavan, Lakshmikanthan; Balakumaran, Leena Kondarappassery & Bjune, Gunnar Aksel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). High faecal calprotectin levels in intestinal tuberculosis are associated with granulomas in intestinal biopsies. Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2374-4235. 47(3), p. 137–143. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2014.974206.
• Larsson, Geir; Bjune, Gunnar Aksel; Moum, Bjørn; Shenoy, K.T. & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova (2015). A Risk Matrix Model for the Prediction of Intestinal Tuberculosis and Differentiation from Crohn’s Disease. Austin Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 2381-9219. 2(5).
• Solberg, Inger Camilla; Høivik, Marte; Småstuen, Milada C & Moum, Bjørn (2015). Risk matrix model for prediction of colectomy in a population-based study of ulcerative colitis patients (the IBSEN study). Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 50(12), p. 1456–1462. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1064991.
• Vesterhus, Mette; Hov, Johannes Espolin Roksund; Holm, Anders; Schrumpf, Erik; Nygård, Ståle & Godang, Kristin [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2015). Enhanced liver fibrosis score predicts transplant-free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. ISSN 0270-9139. 62(1), p. 188–197. doi: 10.1002/hep.27825.
• Dahlerup, Jens F.; Moum, Bjørn & Lindgren, Stefan (2015). Järnbrist och järnbristanemi är globala hälsoproblem. Läkartidningen. ISSN 0023-7205. 112.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Lauritzen, Trine; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter & Moum, Bjørn (2015). Validation of a new extraction device for measuring faecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease, and comparison to established extraction methods. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 75(5), p. 355–361. doi: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1030765. Show summary

  Objective: Faecal (f-) calprotectin is a widely used surrogate marker of intestinal inflammation. F-calprotectin analysis is labour demanding partly due to a time consuming extraction step. The aim of this project was to validate a new extraction method for f-calprotectin. Material and methods: A prospective multicentre study included 135 patients with an established diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. The patients submitted a faeces sample, which was extracted with both the conventional method at the participating laboratory and the new extraction device. The extracts were analyzed by an automated ELISA instrument. Results: Method comparison of the traditional method and the new device showed a slope of 1.01 (0.93–1.07) with intercept of − 2.2 (− 4.9–0.6). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.96. Conclusions: The new extraction device is a reliable and time saving alternative to the conventional extraction method.

• Huppertz-Hauss, Gert; Høivik, Marte; Langholz, E; Odes, Selwyn; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Stockbrügger, Reinhold [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Health-related Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a European-wide Population-based Cohort 10 Years After Diagnosis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ISSN 1078-0998. 21(2), p. 337–344. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000272.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Klepp, Pasquale Catherine; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Røseth, Arne; Skar, Viggo Øystein & Moum, Bjørn (2015). Prediction of endoscopic disease activity in ulcerative colitis by two different assays for faecal calprotectin. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 9(2), p. 164–169. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju015.

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• Mortensen, Joachim Høg; Lunder, Aida Kapic; Manon-Jensen, Tina; Karsdal, MA; Nielsen, Mette & Leeming, DJ [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). P117 Biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodelling are associated with intestinal fibrosis assessed by magnetic resonance enterography and accumulated intestinal damage (Lémann index): the IBSEN study.
• Opheim, Randi; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Bernklev, Tomm; Høie, Ole Ingebreth; Huppertz-Hauss, Gert & Moum, Bjørn (2019). Complementary and alternative medicine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease 20 years after diagnosis: Results from the IBSEN study. American Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0002-9270. 114, p. S12–S13. doi: 10.14309/01.ajg.0000578256.56976.23.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Høivik, Marte Lie; Moum, Bjørn & Vatn, Morten (2018). Long term stability of serological antibodies in a population-based inception cohort of inflammatory bowel disease - The IBSEN study.
• Hovde, Øistein; Høivik, Marte Lie; Henriksen, Magne; Solberg, Inger Camilla; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Moum, Bjørn Allan (2017). Corrigendum: Malignancies in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Results from 20 Years of Follow-up in the IBSEN (Inflammatory Bowel South-Eastern Norway) Study. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 11(12). doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw218.
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Høivik, Marte Lie; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Cvancarova, Milada & Grimstad, Tore [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2017). Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with depression in IBD patients. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. ISSN 1873-9946. 11, p. 444–445. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx002.834.
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Høivik, Marte Lie; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Småstuen, Milada C; Grimstad, Tore & Berset, Ingrid Prytz [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Fatigue is not Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency in IBD Patients. Gastroenterology. ISSN 0016-5085. 152(5). doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(17)33218-3.
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Høivik, Marte Lie; Småstuen, Milada C; Jahnsen, Jørgen; Dahl, Sandra Rinne & Berset, Ingrid Prytz [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2017). Fatigue er ikke assosiert med vitamin D mangel hos IBD pasienter.
• Henriksen, Magne; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Høivik, Marte Lie & Moum, Bjørn (2017). Symptomer på irritabel tarmsyndrom (IBS)forekommer hyppig ved ulcerøs kolitt (UC) uavhengig av hvordan remisjon defineres. Resultater fra 20 års oppfølging i IBSEN studien.
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Bernklev, Tomm; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Hovde, Øistein; Jahnsen, Jørgen & Grimstad, Tore [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with chronic fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease.
• Frigstad, Svein Oskar; Høivik, Marte Lie; Moum, Bjørn; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Jahnsen, Jørgen & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with depression in IBD patients.
• Bernklev, Tomm; Huppertz-Hauss, Gert; Opheim, Randi; Høivik, Marte; Moum, Bjørn & Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Co-existing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is associated with increased risk of chronic fatigue (CF), especially in females.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Røseth, Arne; Ahmad, Tahir; Skar, Viggo Øystein & Moum, Bjørn (2016). Faecal calprotectin is a useful marker of mucosal healing after treatment for active ulcerative colitis.
• Kummen, Martin; Vesterhus, Mette; Trøseid, Marius; Moum, Bjørn; Svardal, Asbjørn M. & Boberg, Kirsten Muri [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). P1174: Microbiota-dependent marker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with the severity of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Show summary

  Background and Aims: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced in the liver from trimethylamine, which is exclusively generated by gut bacteria from dietary choline and carnitine found in e.g. red meat and dairy products. TMAO influences bile acid levels, metabolism and potentially also inflammation. Given the production in the liver, link to the gut microbiota and bile acid homeostasis, we aimed to investigate the regulation of TMAO in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods: We measured serum TMAO in 305 PSC patients, 90 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 99 healthy controls (HC), with a median age (male %) of 41 (76), 38 (51) and 40 (60), respectively. Reduced liver function was defined by increased prothrombin time (International Normalized Ratio >1.2 or Normotest <70). Results: TMAO level was lower in PSC patients than in UC and HC (medians 3.1, 4.0 and 3.5, respectively, p < 0.05 versus HC and UC). We hypothesized that this could be explained by reduced liver function affecting TMAO production. In line with this, TMAO in PSC with reduced liver function, but not TMAO in those with normal liver function, was lower than in HC (p < 0.05). The TMAO level in UC was higher than in PSC irrespective of liver function (p < 0.05), while TMAO was similar in PSC patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease. Focusing on PSC patients with normal liver function, the TMAO level was higher in patients reaching an end-point during follow-up (liver transplantation, n = 70, or all-cause death, n = 21) than those without (median 4.6 versus 2.7, p = 0.001). AUROC-analysis yielded an AUC of 0.64 (p < 0.001) with a suggested optimal TMAO cut-off of 4.1mM. When stratified by this value, PSC patients with high TMAO exhibited shorter transplantation-free survival than patients with low TMAO (median 3.0 versus 16.2 years, p < 0.001, Figure 1). In Cox regressions, TMAO>4.1mM and Mayo risk score were independently associated with transplantation-free survival, with HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.2–3.1, p = 0.005) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.8, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: PSC patients with impaired liver function had decreased TMAO level, suggesting that TMAO may be influenced by reduced liver function. On the other hand, in PSC patients with normal liver function, elevated TMAO was associated with a shorter liver transplantation-free survival, suggesting that dietary factors and gut microbiota profile may be relevant for the disease prognosis in PSC.

• Kummen, Martin; Holm, Kristian; Anmarkrud, Jarl Andreas; Vesterhus, Mette; Høivik, Marte & Trøseid, Marius [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2015). O082 : THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS DIFFERS FROM THAT OF HEALTHY CONTROLS AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS WITHOUT BILIARY DISEASE.
• Kummen, Martin; Vesterhus, Mette; Trøseid, Marius; Moum, Bjørn; Svardal, Asbjørn M. & Boberg, Kirsten Muri [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). MICROBIOTA-DEPENDENT MARKER TRIMETHYLAMINE-N-OXIDE (TMAO) IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin & Moum, Bjørn (2015). Correspondence: Fecal calprotectin and cut-off levels in inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 50(9), p. 1183–1184. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1025830.
• Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter; Lie Høivik, Marte; Moum, Bjørn; Opheim, Randi; Huppertz-Hauss, Gert & Grimstad, Tore [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). Fatigue is associated with increased pain intensity and interference in IBD. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ISSN 1078-0998. doi: 10.1080/00365521.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Malmstrøm, Gunn; Skar, Viggo Øystein & Moum, Bjørn (2015). Clinical relevance of faecal calprotectin variability in inflammatory bowel disease.
• Kristensen, Vendel Ailin; Malmstrøm, Gunn; Skar, Viggo Øystein & Moum, Bjørn (2015). Clinical relevance of faecal calprotectin variability in inflammatory bowel disease.
• Opheim, Randi; Høivik Lie, Marte; Bernklev, Tomm; Jelsness-Jørgensen, Lars-Petter & Moum, Bjørn (2015). Relationship between use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn’s and Coltis Supplements. ISSN 1873-9954. 9.
• Lundin, Knut Erik Aslaksen & Moum, Bjørn (2014). Biotilsvarende legemidler ved inflammatorisk tarmsykdom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 8(134), p. 819–8120. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0192.

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