Emilia Kerty

• Dalbro, Solveig Elisabeth Jacobsen; Elsais, Ahmed; Rydning, Siri Kristine Lynne; Toft, Mathias; Kerty, Emilia & Larsen, Stig (2025). Repeatability, reliability, and stability of eye movement measurements in Parkinson’s disease, cerebellar ataxia, and healthy adults. Frontiers in Neurology. 16. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1556314. Full text in Research Archive
• Dalbro, Solveig Elisabeth Jacobsen & Kerty, Emilia (2024). Synsvansker vedParkinsons sykdom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(6). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0716. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Parkinsons sykdom er karakterisert av de motoriske kjernesymptomene bradykinesi, rigiditet og tremor. Sykdommen har i tillegg en rekke ikke-motoriske symptomer, som for eksempel synsvansker. Pasientene kan oppleve uklart syn, lysømfintlighet, lesevansker og en subjektiv følelse av at de blir fort slitne i øynene. Synsvanskene påvirker også pasientenes motorikk ettersom synet kompenserer for dårlig postural kontroll og vansker med å starte bevegelser. Det er viktig å kartlegge vanlige, men ofte underdiagnostiserte synsvansker, og sette inn tiltak som kan øke livskvaliteten og bevegelsesmønsteret. I denne kliniske oversikten presenterer vi de vanligste synsvanskene ved Parkinsons sykdom samt råd for å bedre synsfunksjonen.

• Kerty, Emilia; Dalbro, Solveig Elisabeth Jacobsen & Elsais, Ahmed (2024). Visuell snø – forstyrrende, men ufarlig. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(11). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0258. Full text in Research Archive
• Petzold, Axel; Fraser, Clare L; Abegg, Mathias; Alroughani, Raed; Alshowaeir, Daniah & Alvarenga, Regina [Show all 101 contributors for this article] (2022). Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurology. ISSN 1474-4422. 21(12), p. 1120–1134. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00200-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Elsais, Ahmed; Kerty, Emilia; Russell, Kristoffer & Toska, Karin (2022). Does cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction contribute to fatigue in myasthenia gravis? Physiological Research. ISSN 0862-8408. 71, p. 79–91. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934660. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. Despite full spontaneous or pharmacological remission some MG patients still complain of physical and mental fatigue. Fatigue has been related to autonomic dysregulation. The aim of this study was to assess autonomic responses in a group of MG patients in complete remission but complaining of persistent fatigue. Seventeen well-regulated but persistently fatigued MG patients and 17 individually matched controls underwent echocardiography assessing systolic and diastolic heart function. Beat to beat cardiovascular responses at rest and to 30o head-up tilt, tilt-back, and 2-min static handgrip contraction were recorded. Fatigued MG patients had a statistically significant higher resting HR than their matched controls (p=0.03). The difference in resting heart rate between MG patients not using acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEi) and their matched controls was even more pronounced (p=0.007). The autonomic cardiovascular adjustments to head-up tilt, tilt-back and handgrip contraction were not statistically significant different between patients and controls. We found a higher resting heart rate in all well-regulated but fatigued MG patients compared with controls. The difference was more pronounced between patients not taking AChEi compared to their matched controls. This finding may reflect a disturbed resting sympathovagal balance and this might be a contributing factor to the fatigue symptoms.

• Popperud, Trine H.; Gul, Kiran A.; Brunborg, Cathrine; Olaussen, Richard W; Abrahamsen, Tore G & Osnes, Liv T. N. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Thymectomy in Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis Is Safe Regarding Long Term Immunological Effects. Frontiers in Neurology. 12, p. 1–6. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.596859. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Thymectomy is an established treatment in adult MG and also recommended for the treatment of post-pubertal onset juvenile MG. Whether the youngest children should be thymectomized is still debated. Signs of premature aging of the immune system have been shown in studies on early perioperative thymectomy in children with congenital heart defect. In this retrospective cohort study the objective was to investigate the long-term effects of treatment related thymectomy on T cell subsets and T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) in peripheral blood of juvenile myasthenia gravis (MG) patients, as well as clinical occurrence of autoimmune disorders, malignancies and infectious diseases. Forty-seven patients with onset of myasthenia gravis before the age of 19 years were included; 32 (68.1%) had been thymectomized and 15 (31.8%) had not. They were studied at varying times after thymectomy (7–26 years). We found a significant lower number of naïve helper T cells (CD4+CD45RA+) with an increased proportion of memory helper T cells (CD4+CD45RO+), and a significant lower number of naïve cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CD27+CD28+) in the thymectomized patients. In addition they showed a significant reduction in the number of TRECs and proportion of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) compared to non-thymectomized patients. In none of them an increased frequency of malignancies or infections was found. Our findings indicate a premature aging of the immune system after thymectomy in juvenile MG, but associated clinical consequences could not be verified.

• Farmen, Anette Huuse; Marthinsen, Pål Bache; Sundseth, Jarle Østberg; Kolstad, Frode; Kerty, Emilia & Elsais, Ahmed (2019). En mann i 50-årene med varierende kraftsvikt og gangvansker. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(18). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0841. Full text in Research Archive
• Benavent, Sigrid Aune de Rodez; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard; Etholm, Lars; Sowa, Piotr & Gustavsen, Marte Wendel [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). Neurodegenerative interplay of cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation and the retina in early multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology. 10, p. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00507. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) as is neurodegeneration. Our aim was to explore the occurrence of ANS symptoms and retinal neurodegeneration in a newly diagnosed MS population with tools available in a clinical setting. Methods: Forty-three MS patients and 44 healthy controls took part in the study. We employed a bedside cardiovascular ANS test battery together with classical pupillometry, optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation of retinal neurodegeneration in eyes without previous optic neuritis (MSNON) and patients' self-report forms on fatigue, orthostatic and ANS symptoms. Results: Half of the patients presented with ANS symptoms and a high level of fatigue. There was a significant difference in ganglion cell layer thickness (mean GCIPL) evaluated by OCT in MSNON compared to healthy control eyes. We found a negative linearity of mean GCIPL on group level with increasing disease duration. Three patients fulfilled the criteria of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate retinal neurodegeneration in MSNON, a high frequency of fatigue and a high prevalence of ANS symptoms in newly diagnosed patients. Whether neurodegeneration precedes ANS dysfunction or vice versa is still open to debate, but as unveiled by the presence of POTS in this MS population, differences in stress-response regulation add to the understanding of variation in onset-time of ANS dysfunction in early MS.

• Palmio, Johanna; Jonson, Per Harald; Inoue, Michio; Sarparanta, Jaakko; Bengoechea, Rocio & Savarese, Marco [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2019). Mutations in the J domain of DNAJB6 cause dominant distal myopathy. Neuromuscular Disorders. ISSN 0960-8966. 30(1), p. 38–46. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.11.005. Full text in Research Archive
• Dalbro, Solveig Elisabeth Jacobsen & Kerty, Emilia (2019). Atypisk optikusnevritt. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(13), p. 1–5. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0967. Full text in Research Archive
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Moe, Morten Carsten; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Kerty, Emilia (2018). Ultra-wide-field fundus imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of susac syndrome. Retinal cases & brief reports. ISSN 1935-1089. 12(3), p. 234–239. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000470. Full text in Research Archive
• Benavent, Sigrid Aune de Rodez; Nygaard, Gro Owren; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Tønnesen, Siren; Sowa, Piotr & Landrø, Nils Inge [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2017). Fatigue and cognition: Pupillary responses to problem-solving in early multiple sclerosis patients. Brain and Behavior. 7(7). doi: 10.1002/brb3.717. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction In early multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, cognitive changes and fatigue are frequent and troublesome symptoms, probably related to both structural and functional brain changes. Whether there is a common cause of these symptoms in MS is unknown. In theory, an altered regulation of central neuropeptides can lead to changes in regulation of autonomic function, cognitive difficulties, and fatigue. Direct measurements of central neuropeptides are difficult to perform, but measurements of the eye pupil can be used as a reliable proxy of function. Methods This study assesses pupil size during problem-solving in early MS patients versus controls. A difference in pupil size to a cognitive challenge could signal altered activity within the autonomic system because of early functional brain changes associated with cognitive load. We recruited MS patients (mean disease duration: 2.6 years, N = 41) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 43) without eye pathology. Neurological impairment, magnetic resonance imaging, visual evoked potentials, depression, and fatigue were assessed in all of the patients. In both groups, we assessed processing speed and retinal imaging. Pupil size was recorded with an eye-tracker during playback of multiplication tasks. Results Both groups performed well on the cognitive test. The groups showed similar pupillary responses with a mean of 0.55 mm dilation in patients and 0.54 mm dilation in controls for all the tasks collapsed together. However, controls (N = 9) with low cognitive scores (LCS) had an increased pupillary response to cognitive tasks, whereas LCS MS patients (N = 6) did not (p < .05). There was a tendency toward a smaller pupillary response in patients with fatigue. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate pupillary responses to cognitive tasks in MS patients. Our results suggest that MS-related changes in cognition and fatigue may be associated with changes in arousal and the autonomic regulation of task-related pupillary responses. This supports the theory of a link between cognition and fatigue in MS.

• Popperud, Trine Haug; Boldingh, Marion; Brunborg, Cathrine; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Heldal, Anne Taraldsen & Maniaol, Angelina [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Juvenile myasthenia gravis in Norway: A nationwide epidemiological study. European journal of paediatric neurology. ISSN 1090-3798. 21(2), p. 312–317. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.09.001. Full text in Research Archive
• Popperud, Trine Haug; Boldingh, Marion; Rasmussen, Magnhild & Kerty, Emilia (2017). Juvenile myasthenia gravis in Norway: Clinical characteristics, treatment, and long-term outcome in a nationwide population-based cohort. European journal of paediatric neurology. ISSN 1090-3798. 21(5), p. 707–714. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.04.003. Full text in Research Archive
• Popperud, Trine Haug; Viken, Marte K; Kerty, Emilia & Lie, Benedicte Alexandra (2017). Juvenile myasthenia gravis in Norway: HLA-DRB1*04:04 is positively associated with prepubertal onset. PLOS ONE. 12:e0186383(10), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186383. Full text in Research Archive
• Farmen, Anette Huuse; Ringstad, Geir & Kerty, Emilia (2016). Idiopatisk intrakranial hypertensjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(22), p. 1895–1898. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0222. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2016). Ny, revidert utgave av dansk laerebok i øyesykdommer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(14-15), p. 1–2. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0305. Full text in Research Archive
• Gilhus, Nils Erik; Kerty, Emilia; Løseth, Sissel; Mygland, Åse & Tallaksen, Chantal (2016). Myasthenia gravis - diagnostikk og behandling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(12/13), p. 1089–1094. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.1259. Full text in Research Archive
• Holmøy, Trygve; Beiske, Antonie Giæver; Zarnovicky, Svetozar; Myro, Aija Zuleron; Røsjø, Egil Rørvik & Kerty, Emilia (2016). Severe inflammatory disease activity 14`months after cessation of Natalizumab in a patient with Leber's optic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis - a case report. BMC Neurology. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12883-016-0720-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) co-occuring with multiple sclerosis-like disease (LHON-MS) is suggested to be a separate disease entity denoted Harding’s disease. Little is known about the response to initiation and discontinuation of potent immunomodulatory treatment in LHON-MS. Case presentation We describe a LHON-MS patient with 27 years disease duration who developed severe disease activity peaking 14 months after discontinuation of natalizumab, with extensive new inflammatory lesions throughout the brain and in the spinal cord resembling immune inflammatory reconstitution syndrome. She had previously been clinically and radiologically stable on natalizumab treatment for 6 years, and before that only experienced subtle clinical activity during 9 years on interferon beta1a. Conclusion This is the first report on severe exacerbation of inflammatory disease activity after discontinuation of natalizumab in LHON-MS, and suggests that late rebound activity can occur in these patients.

• Solyga, Volker; Western, Elin; Solheim, Hanne; Hassel, Bjørnar & Kerty, Emilia (2015). Posterior kortikal atrofi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 135(10), p. 949–952. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1127. Full text in Research Archive
• Nygaard, Gro Owren; Benavent, Sigrid Aune de Rodez; Harbo, Hanne Flinstad; Laeng, Bruno; Sowa, Piotr & Damangir, Soheil [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). Eye and hand motor interactions with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in early multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. ISSN 2211-0348. 4(6), p. 585–589. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.08.003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Eye and hand motor dysfunction may be present early in the disease course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and can affect the results on visual and written cognitive tests. We aimed to test for differences in saccadic initiation time (SI time) between RRMS patients and healthy controls, and whether SI time and hand motor speed interacted with the written version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (wSDMT). Methods Patients with RRMS (N=44, age 35.1±7.3 years), time since diagnosis <3 years and matched controls (N=41, age 33.2±6.8 years) were examined with ophthalmological, neurological and neuropsychological tests, as well as structural MRI (white matter lesion load (WMLL) and brainstem lesions), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and eye-tracker examinations of saccades. Results SI time was longer in RRMS than controls (p<0.05). SI time was not related to the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), WMLL or to the presence of brainstem lesions. 9 hole peg test (9HP) correlated significantly with WMLL (r=0.58, p<0.01). Both SI time and 9HP correlated negatively with the results of wSDMT (r=−0.32, p<0.05, r=−0.47, p<0.01), but none correlated with the results of PASAT. Conclusions RRMS patients have an increased SI time compared to controls. Cognitive tests results, exemplified by the wSDMT, may be confounded by eye and hand motor function.

• Ørstavik, Kristin; Wallace, Sean Ciaran; Torbergsen, Torberg; Abicht, Angela; Tangsrud, Svein Erik & Kerty, Emilia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). A de novo Mutation in the SCN4A Gene Causing Sodium Channel Myotonia. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases. ISSN 2214-3599. 2(2), p. 181–184. doi: 10.3233/JND-150069. Full text in Research Archive
• Jusufovic, Mirza; Lygren, Astrid; Aamodt, Anne Hege; Nedregaard, Bård & Kerty, Emilia (2015). Pseudoperipheral palsy: a case of subcortical infarction imitating peripheral neuropathy. BMC Neurology. 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12883-015-0409-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Vascular damage in the central hand knob area can mimic peripheral motor nerve deficits. Case presentation We describe the case of a woman presenting with apparent peripheral neuropathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography revealed an infarct in the precentral hand knob area, with significant stenosis in the right proximal middle cerebral artery trunk. Subsequent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the brain suggested cerebral angiitis. The patient experienced improved hand function following combined glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide treatment. Conclusion Vascular damage in the hand knob area should be considered when evaluating peripheral motor nerve deficits in the presence of normal nerve conduction velocities. The diagnosis of cerebral angiitis remains a major challenge for clinicians.

• Kerty, Emilia; Elsais, Ahmed; Argov, Zohar; Evoli, Amelia & Gilhus, Nils Erik (2014). EFNS/ENS Guidelines for the treatment of ocular myasthenia. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 21(5), p. 687–693. doi: 10.1111/ene.12359. Full text in Research Archive
• Mochol, Monika; Berg, Karina Birgitta; Midtvedt, Øyvind; Ringstad, Geir Andre & Kerty, Emilia (2014). Kvinne med residiverende uveitter og nevrologiske utfall. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 134(12-13), p. 1245–1248. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0433. Full text in Research Archive
• Lorentzen, Anastasia; Røste, Line Sveberg; Midtvedt, Øyvind; Kerty, Emilia & Heuser, Kjell (2014). Overnight response to infliximab in neurosarcoidosis: A case report and review of infliximab treatment practice. Clinical neuropharmacology. ISSN 0362-5664. 37(5), p. 142–148. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000047. Full text in Research Archive
• Elsais, Ahmed; Popperud, Trine Haug; Melien, Ø & Kerty, Emilia (2013). Drugs that may trigger or exacerbate myasthenia gravis. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0624. Full text in Research Archive
• Elsais, Ahmed; Wyller, Vegard Bruun; Loge, Jon Håvard & Kerty, Emilia (2013). Fatigue in myasthenia gravis: is it more than muscular weakness? BMC Neurology. 13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-132. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Few studies have focused on fatigue in myasthenia gravis (MG), and fatigue in relation to the autonomic system has never been systematically explored in these patients. The study aimed to document the prevalence of MG-related fatigue in ethnic Norwegians and to examine whether MG severity is associated with symptoms of autonomic disturbance, which in turn is associated with fatigue and functional disability. Methods Eighty two of the 97 who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria participated in the study. Controls were 410 age- and sex-matched subjects drawn from a normative sample (n?=?2136) representative of the Norwegian population. Bivariate analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess associations between questionnaire-reported MG severity, symptoms of autonomic disturbance, fatigue (mental and physical) and functional disability. Results Forty-four per cent (36/82) of patients fulfilled the criteria for fatigue compared with 22% (90/410) of controls (odds ratio 2.0; p?=?0.003). Twenty-one per cent of patients (17/82) met the criteria for chronic fatigue versus 12% (48/410) of controls (odds ratio 1.96; p?=?0.03). MG patients had higher total fatigue scores than controls (p?<?0.001) and a high prevalence of autonomic symptoms, especially poor thermoregulation and sleep disturbance. According to multivariate analyses controlled for MG score, symptoms of autonomic disturbances were independently positively associated with fatigue (p?<?0.001), and fatigue was independently negatively associated with functional level (p?<?0.001). Conclusion Norwegian ethnic patients with MG have higher levels of fatigue and a higher prevalence of chronic fatigue than controls, even in patients in full remission. MG severity is highly suggestive to be associated with symptoms of autonomic disturbance, which in turn is associated with fatigue and the level of functional disability.

• Kerty, Emilia; Heuser, Kjell; Indahl, Ulf Geir; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Nakken, Sigve & Lien, Sigbjørn [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). Is the brain water channel aquaporin-4 a pathogenetic factor in idiopathic intracranial hypertension? Results from a combined clinical and genetic study in a Norwegian cohort. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 91(1), p. 88–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02231.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie; Ramm-Pettersen, Jon-Terje; Volkmann, Jens; Kerty, Emilia; Dietrichs, Espen & Røste, Geir Ketil (2012). Good long-term efficacy of pallidal stimulation in cervical dystonia: a prospective, observer-blinded study. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 19(4), p. 610–615. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03591.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Maniaol, Angelina; Elsais, Ahmed; Lorentzen, Åslaug Rudjord; Owe, Jone Furulund; Viken, Marte K & Sæther, Hanne Skarpodde [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2012). Late onset myasthenia gravis is associated with HLA DRB1*15:01 in the Norwegian population. PLOS ONE. 7(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036603. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare antibody-mediated autoimmune disease caused by impaired neuromuscular transmission, leading to abnormal muscle fatigability. The aetiology is complex, including genetic risk factors of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and unknown environmental factors. Although associations between the HLA complex and MG are well established, not all involved components of the HLA predisposition to this heterogeneous disease have been revealed. Well-powered and comprehensive HLA analyses of subgroups in MG are warranted, especially in late onset MG. Methodology/Principal Findings: This case-control association study is of a large population-based Norwegian cohort of 369 MG patients and 651 healthy controls. We performed comprehensive genotyping of four classical HLA loci (HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1) and showed that the DRB1*15:01 allele conferred the strongest risk in late onset MG (LOMG; onset ≥60years) (OR 2.38, pc7.4×10−5). DRB1*13:01 was found to be a protective allele for both early onset MG (EOMG) and LOMG (OR 0.31, pc 4.71×10−4), a finding not previously described. No significant association was found to the DRB1*07:01 allele (pnc = 0.18) in a subset of nonthymomatous anti-titin antibody positive LOMG as reported by others. HLA-B*08 was mapped to give the strongest contribution to EOMG, supporting previous studies. Conclusion: The results from this study provide important new information concerning the susceptibility of HLA alleles in Caucasian MG, with highlights on DRB1*15:01 as being a major risk allele in LOMG.

• Jusufovic, Mirza; Sandset, Else Charlotte; Popperud, Trine Haug; Solberg, Steinar; Ringstad, Geir Andre & Kerty, Emilia (2012). An unusual case of the syndrome of cervical rib with subclavian artery thrombosis and cerebellar and cerebral infarctions. BMC Neurology. 12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-48. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Cerebellar and cerebral infarctions caused by the syndrome of cervical rib with thrombosis of subclavian artery are very unusual. Case presentation We report the case of a 49-year-old male patient with a right cervical rib compression leading to subclavian arterial thrombosis and both cerebellar and cerebral infarctions secondary to retrograde thromboembolisation. Follow-up imaging revealed partial resolution of the thrombosis after combined anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy. The cervical rib and first costa were surgically removed to prevent additional events. Conclusion Cervical rib vascular compression should be promptly diagnosed and treated in order to avoid further complications, including cerebrovascular ischemic events.

• Eide, Per Kristian & Kerty, Emilia (2011). Static and pulsatile intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (Dutch-Flemish ed. Print). ISSN 0303-8467. 113(2), p. 123–128. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.10.008. Full text in Research Archive
• Elsais, Ahmed; Johansen, Bjørn & Kerty, Emilia (2010). Airway limitation and exercise intolerance in well-regulated myasthenia gravis patients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6314. 122, p. 12–17. Full text in Research Archive
• Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn; Solyga, Volker; Bakke, Søren Jacob; Heiberg, Arvid & Kerty, Emilia (2009). Nevrofibromatose type 2 og auditorisk hjernestammeimplantat. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 129(15), p. 1469–1473. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0151. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandvand, KA; Ringstad, Geir Andre & Kerty, Emilia (2008). Periodic abducens nerve palsy in adults caused by neurovascular compression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. ISSN 0022-3050. 79, p. 100–102. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.124321. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2008). Primære og sekundære dystonier. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 128(19), p. 2206–2209. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2007). Ensidig ufrivillig øyebevegelse. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 24(127), p. 3223–3223. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2007). Potensielt reversibel encefalopati-syndrom? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 5(127), p. 596–596. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie; Malt, Ulrik Fredrik; Røislien, Jo & Kerty, Emilia (2007). Determinants and status of quality of life after long-term botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 14(10), p. 1129–1137. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01922.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Ruud, Kristen J; Scheie, David & Kerty, Emilia (2007). En 64 år gammel mann med kognitiv svikt og redusert gangfunksjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 9(127), p. 1210–1211. Full text in Research Archive
• Heuser, Kjell; Kerty, Emilia; Eide, Per Kristian; Cvancarova, Milada & Dietrichs, Espen (2007). Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: postoperative neurologic follow-up and evaluation of life quality. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 14(3), p. 335–340. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01670.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia & Eidal, Kristin (2006). Apraxia of eyelid opening: Clinical features and therapy. European Journal of Ophthalmology. ISSN 1120-6721. 16(2), p. 204–208. Full text in Research Archive
• Armstrong, RA; Kerty, Emilia; Skullerud, Kari Petra & Cairns, NJ (2006). Neuropathological changes in ten cases of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID): a study using alpha-internexin immunohistochemistry and principal components analysis (PCA). Journal of Neural Transmission. ISSN 0300-9564. 113, p. 1207–1215. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie & Kerty, Emilia (2005). The course of cervical dystonia and patient satisfaction with long-term botulinum toxin A treatment. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 12(3), p. 163–170. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie; Roislien, Jo; Claussen, Bjørgulf & Kerty, Emilia (2005). Long-term botulinum toxin treatment increases employment rate in patients with cervical dystonia. Movement Disorders. ISSN 0885-3185. 20(12), p. 1604–1609. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2004). Botulinumtoxin: En gift med mange terapeutiske anvendelser. Toksikologen. ISSN 1504-5773. p. 3–6. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Søren Jacob & Kerty, Emilia (2001). Valg av nevroradiologiske metoder i oftlamologi-øyeeplet og tåreveiene. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia & Bakke, Søren Jacob (2001). Nevroradiologisk fremstilling av 3.,4. og 6.hjernenerve. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. p. 1366–1369. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Nils; Syrdalen, Per; Scheie, David; Chen, Ying; Elgjo, Kjeld Magne & Kerty, Emilia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2001). Uveal melanomas with optic nerve extension: Report of two cases diagnosed by transvitreal biopsy, one of them with multicentric tumour. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. ISSN 1395-3907. 79, p. 322–325. Full text in Research Archive
• Eide, Nils; Syrdalen, Per; Scheie, David; Chen, Ying; Elgjo, Kjeld Magne & Kerty, Emilia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2001). Uveal melanomas with optic nerve extension: Report of two cases diagnosed by transvitreal biopsy, one of them with a multicentric tumor. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. ISSN 1395-3907. 79, p. 322–5. Full text in Research Archive
• Risvoll, H. & Kerty, Emilia (2001). The value of neuroradiological examinations and laboratory tests in cases of idiopathic cervcial dystonia. Movement Disorders. ISSN 0885-3185. 16, p. 286–9. Full text in Research Archive
• Brabrand, Knut; Kerty, Emilia & Jakobsen, Jarl Åsbjørn (2001). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Doppler examination of the retrobulbar arteries. Acta Radiologica. ISSN 0284-1851. 42, p. 135–9. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Søren Jacob & Kerty, Emilia (2001). Valg av neuroradiologiske metoder i oftalmologi - synsnerven, øyemusklene og orbita. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 121, p. 1361–4. Full text in Research Archive

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• Jusufovic, Mirza; Elsais, Ahmed & Kerty, Emilia (2019). Seven Points That Explain the Lack of Effect from Reperfusion Therapy in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion. Ophthalmology Retina. ISSN 2468-7219. 3(9), p. 713–715. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.05.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Oppebøen, Mari & Kerty, Emilia (2019). Sjenerende unormale øyebevegelser hos en ung pike. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(13). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0214. Full text in Research Archive
• Meling, Eva Ødegaard; Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes & Kerty, Emilia (2018). En tenåring med akutt bilateralt synstap. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0802. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes; Meling, Eva Ødegaard; Heimdal, Ketil Riddervold & Kerty, Emilia (2018). Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Caused by a Mitochondrial DNA 10663T>C Point Mutation and Its Response to Idebenone Treatment. Journal of neuro-ophthalmology. ISSN 1070-8022. 38(1), p. 129–131. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000598. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2010). Visual dysfunction following stroke and traumatic brain injury. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 88, p. 29–29. Full text in Research Archive
• Thorsrud, Andreas & Kerty, Emilia (2010). Combined retinal and cerebral changes in a pre-eclamptic woman. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 88(5), p. E191–E191. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01921.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Elsais, Ahmed; Kerty, Emilia; Russell, Kristoffer & Toska, Karin (2009). Cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise and low-grade head-up tilt-test in patients with myasthenia gravis. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 16, p. 373–373. Full text in Research Archive
• Thorsrud, Andreas & Kerty, Emilia (2009). Combined retinal and cerebral changes in a pre-eclamptic woman. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 87(8), p. 925–926. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01685.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Elsais, Ahmed; Johansen, B & Kerty, Emilia (2009). Exercise testing in myasthenia gravis patients. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 16, p. 216–216. Full text in Research Archive
• Elsais, Ahmed; Lund, Christian & Kerty, Emilia (2008). Ptosis, diplopia and statins: an association? European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 15, p. E92–E93. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02234.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2008). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 86, p. 49–49. Full text in Research Archive
• Solyga, V*; Evensen, K* & Kerty, Emilia (2007). Sneddon syndrome. Full text in Research Archive
• Kase-Berg, M*; Solyga, V* & Kerty, Emilia (2007). Lymphom og perfoere nerveaffeksjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2007). Så ung og rammet av slag. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 6(127), p. 720–720. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigander, Kaare; Kerty, Emilia; Taksermann, A & Haugen, G (2004). Retrobulbar Doppler Flow Velocities in Normal Pregnansy. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie; Schrader, Bettina; Røste, G.K.; Ramm-Pettersen, Jon Terje; Dietrichs, Espen & Kerty, Emilia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). Bilateral stimulering av Globus Pallidus Internus ved generalisert eller segmental primær torsjonsdystoni. XVII Nevrodager. Full text in Research Archive
• Ruud, K & Kerty, Emilia (2004). En sykehistorie-riktig diagnose er stilt bare ved autopsy. Norsk Nevrologisk Forening. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigander, Kaare; Takserman, A. & Kerty, Emilia (2004). Color Doppler Imaging of material retrobulbar blood flow in normal pregnancy and post partum. Arvo. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia & Eidal, K (2004). Apraxia of eyelid opening: clinical features and therapy. Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press. 1980). ISSN 0165-8107. 28(3), p. 130–130. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie & Kerty, Emilia (2004). Patient satisfaction and course of disese in cervical dystonia with long-term botulinum toxin A treatment. Movement Disorders. ISSN 0885-3185. 19, p. 92–92. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie; Schrader, Bettina; Røste, G.K.; Ramm-Pettersen, Jon Terje; Dietrichs, Espen & Kerty, Emilia [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). Bilateral stimulering av globus pallidus interus ved generalisert eller segmental primær torsjonsdystoni. Årsmøte for Norsk nevrologisk forening.. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie & Kerty, Emilia (2004). Effekten av lang tids behandling med botulinumtoksin type A for ideopatisk cervikal dystoni. Årsmøte i Norsk nevrologisk forening. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigander, Kaare; Takserman, A.; Haugen, Guttorm & Kerty, Emilia (2004). Doppler velocities in retrobulbar arteries in normal pregnancy and post partum. EVER. Full text in Research Archive
• Vigander, Kaare; Takserman, A. & Kerty, Emilia (2004). Color Doppler Imagin of maternal retroblbar bloodflow in normal pregnancy and post partum. EVER. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie & Kerty, Emilia (2004). Patient satisfaction and course of the disease in cervical dystonia with long-term botulinum toxin A treatment. Movement Disorders. ISSN 0885-3185. p. 231–231. Full text in Research Archive
• Ruud, Kristen J & Kerty, Emilia (2003). Akutt forvirring - en overraskende årsak. Nevrodagene 2003.. p. 52–52. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie & Kerty, Emilia (2003). Early experiences with botulinum toxin B in patients with botulinum toxin A resistant cervical dystonia. Nevrodagene 2003.. p. 75–75. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogseid, Inger Marie; Kerty, Emilia & Gerdts, Remo (2003). The efficacy of long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinumtoxin type A. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 10. Full text in Research Archive
• Karimè, Bassam; Bakke, Søren Jacob & Kerty, Emilia (2002). Nevrologiske komplikasjoner ved preeklampsi og eklampsi. Full text in Research Archive
• Heuser, K. & Kerty, Emilia (2002). Nevrosarkoidose. Full text in Research Archive
• Lund, Christian & Kerty, Emilia (2002). Atorvastatin (Lipitor) assosiert ekstern oftalmoplegi med forhøyede titin- og acetylcholinreseptor antistoffer. Full text in Research Archive
• Karimè, B.; Bakke, Søren Jacob & Kerty, Emilia (2002). Nevrologiske komplikasjoner ved preeklampsi og eklampsi. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Håp for skjeve nakker : Ufrivillige bevegelser - kan de helbredes ? Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia & Bakke, Søren Jacob (2001). Papilleødem og idiopatisk intrakraniell hypertensjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakke, Søren Jacob & Kerty, Emilia (2001). Diplopi. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Synsfeltdefekt - fra nevrologisk synspunkt. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Diplopi. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Oculære oscillasjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Papilleødem og idiopatisk intrakranial hypertensjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Nevrooftalmologiske utfordringer ved MS. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Visuell rehabilitering - behov og muligheter. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2001). Terapeutiske strategier ved øyemotilitetsforstyrrelser. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia & Bakke, Søren Jacob (2000). Kasuistikker og diskusjon. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2000). Okulære oscillasjoner. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2000). Nevrooftalmologi: et spennende krysningsfelt mellom øye og hjerne. Full text in Research Archive
• Kerty, Emilia (2000). Nevrologiske sykdommer og billeddiagnostikk. Full text in Research Archive

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