Heidi Beate Eggesbø

• Holmen, Marit Muri; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Kvaerner, Kari Jorunn & Støme, Linn Nathalie (2023). Nedprioritering av henvisninger til pakkeforløp for brystkreft. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(7), p. 1–10. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0436. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BAKGRUNN Formålet med studien var å undersøke om nedgradering av eksterne henvisninger til pakkeforløp for brystkreft har vært medisinsk forsvarlig og ført til en riktigere prioritering av pasienter inn i spesialisthelsetjenesten. MATERIALE OG METODE Studien inkluderte 214 eksterne henvisninger til pakkeforløp for brystkreft ved Brystdiagnostisk senter, Oslo universitetssykehus som i 2020 ble nedgradert fordi de nasjonale kriteriene ikke var oppfylt. Informasjon som ble innhentet fra elektronisk pasientjournal, var alder, bydel, navn på henvisende lege, resultat etter utredning og behandling samt anbefalt tidspunkt for utredningsstart. Kvalitet på henvisningene ble også vurdert. RESULTATER Andelen pasienter som ble diagnostisert med brystkreft, var 3 % (7/214). Fem var i aldersgruppen 40–50 år (9 %, 5/56), én var over 50 år (1/31) og én var i aldersgruppen 35–40 år (1/38). Ingen var under 35 år. Totalt 95 leger fikk sine henvisninger nedgradert. FORTOLKNING Studien indikerte at nedgradering av henvisninger til pakkeforløp for brystkreft førte til en riktigere prioritering av pasienter til spesialisthelsetjenesten. Resultatene indikerte at nedgraderingen var medisinsk forsvarlig for aldersgruppen under 35 år og over 50 år, men at det må utøves forsiktighet ved nedgradering av henvisninger for aldersgruppen 40–50 år.

• Bjørk, Mai Britt; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Bleka, Øyvind; Sakinis, Tomas; Tuvnes, Frode Alexander & Haugland, Mari-Ann [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Age prediction in sub-adults based on MRI segmentation of 3rd molar tissue volumes. International journal of legal medicine (Print). ISSN 0937-9827. 137(3), p. 753–763. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-02977-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Our aim was to investigate tissue volumes measured by MRI segmentation of the entire 3rd molar for prediction of a sub-adult being older than 18 years. Material and method We used a 1.5-T MR scanner with a customized high-resolution single T2 sequence acquisition with 0.37 mm iso-voxels. Two dental cotton rolls drawn with water stabilized the bite and delineated teeth from oral air. Segmen- tation of the different tooth tissue volumes was performed using SliceOmatic (Tomovision © ). Linear regression was used to analyze the association between mathematical transformation outcomes of the tissue volumes, age, and sex. Performance of different transformation outcomes and tooth combinations were assessed based on the p value of the age variable, com- bined or separated for each sex depending on the selected model. The predictive probability of being older than 18 years was obtained by a Bayesian approach. Results We included 67 volunteers (F/M: 45/22), range 14–24 years, median age 18 years. The transformation outcome (pulp + predentine)/total volume for upper 3rd molars had the strongest association with age (p = 3.4 × 10 −9 ). Conclusion MRI segmentation of tooth tissue volumes might prove useful in the prediction of age older than 18 years in sub-adults.

• Bjørk, Mai Britt; Bleka, Øyvind; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Sakinis, Tomas; Tuvnes, Frode Alexander & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). MRI segmentation of tooth tissue in age prediction of sub-adults — a new method for combining data from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars. International journal of legal medicine (Print). ISSN 0937-9827. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-03149-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose WeaimedtoestablishamodelcombiningMRIvolumemeasurementsfromthe1st,2ndand3rdmolarsforageprediction in sub-adults and compare the age prediction performance of different combinations of all three molars, internally in the study cohort. Material and method We examined 99 volunteers using a 1.5 T MR scanner with a customized high-resolution single T2 sequence. Segmentation was performed using SliceOmatic (Tomovision©). Age prediction was based on the tooth tissue ratio (high signal soft tissue + low signal soft tissue)/total. The model included three correlation parameters to account for statisti- cal dependence between the molars. Age prediction performance of different combinations of teeth for the three molars was assessed using interquartile range (IQR). Results We included data from the 1st molars from 87 participants (F/M 59/28), 2nd molars from 93 (F/M 60/33) and 3rd molars from 67 (F/M 45/22). The age range was 14–24 years with a median age of 18 years. The model with the best age prediction performance (smallest IQR) was 46–47-18 (lower right 1st and 2nd and upper right 3rd molar) in males. The estimated correlation between the different molars was 0.620 (46 vs. 47), 0.430 (46 vs. 18), and 0.598 (47 vs. 18). IQR was the smallest in tooth combinations including a 3rd molar. Conclusion We have established a model for combining tissue volume measurements from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd molars for age prediction in sub-adults. The prediction performance was mostly driven by the 3rd molars. All combinations involving the 3rd molar performed well.

• Fredwall, Svein Otto; Linge, Jennifer; Vries, Olga de; Leinhard, Olof Dahlqvist; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate & Weedon-Fekjær, Harald [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Fat infiltration in the thigh muscles is associated with symptomatic spinal stenosis and reduced physical functioning in adults with achondroplasia. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02641-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Symptomatic spinal stenosis is a prevalent complication in adults with achondroplasia. Increased muscle fat infiltration (MFI) and reduced thigh muscle volumes have also been reported, but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. We explored whether the increased MFI and reduced thigh muscle volumes were associated with the presence of symptomatic spinal stenosis and physical functioning. Methods MFI and thigh muscle volumes were assessed by MRI in 40 adults with achondroplasia, and compared to 80 average-statured controls, matched for BMI, gender, and age. In achondroplasia participants, the six-minute walk-test (6MWT), the 30-s sit-to-stand test (30sSTS), and a questionnaire (the IPAQ) assessed physical functioning. Results Symptomatic spinal stenosis was present in 25 of the participants (the stenosis group), while 15 did not have stenosis (the non-stenosis group). In the stenosis group, 84% (21/25) had undergone at least one spinal decompression surgery. The stenosis group had significantly higher MFI than the non-stenosis group, with an age-, gender and BMI-adjusted difference in total MFI of 3.3 percentage points (pp) (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 6.3 pp; p = 0.03). Compared to matched controls, the mean age-adjusted difference was 3.3 pp (95% CI 1.7 to 4.9 pp; p < 0.01). The non-stenosis group had MFI similar to controls (age-adjusted difference − 0.9 pp, 95% CI − 3.4 to 1.8 pp; p = 0.51). MFI was strongly correlated with the 6MWT (r = − 0.81, − 0.83, and − 0.86; all p-values < 0.01), and moderately correlated with the 30sSTS (r = − 0.56, − 0.57, and − 0.59; all p-values < 0.01). There were no significant differences in muscle volumes or physical activity level between the stenosis group and the non-stenosis group. Conclusion Increased MFI in the thigh muscles was associated with the presence of symptomatic spinal stenosis, reduced functional walking capacity, and reduced lower limb muscle strength. The causality between spinal stenosis, accumulation of thigh MFI, and surgical outcomes need further study. We have demonstrated that MRI might serve as an objective muscle biomarker in future achondroplasia studies, in addition to functional outcome measures. The method could potentially aid in optimizing the timing of spinal decompression surgery and in planning of post-surgery rehabilitation.

• Bjørk, Mai Britt; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Bleka, Øyvind; Sakinis, Tomas; Tuvnes, Frode Alexander & Haugland, Mari-Ann [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Prediction of Age Older than 18 Years in Sub-adults by MRI Segmentation of 1st and 2nd Molars. International journal of legal medicine (Print). ISSN 0937-9827. 137(5), p. 1515–1526. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-03055-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose To investigate prediction of age older than 18 years in sub-adults using tooth tissue volumes from MRI segmenta- tion of the entire 1st and 2nd molars, and to establish a model for combining information from two different molars. Materials and methods We acquired T2 weighted MRIs of 99 volunteers with a 1.5-T scanner. Segmentation was performed using SliceOmatic (Tomovision©). Linear regression was used to analyse the association between mathematical transforma- tion outcomes of tissue volumes, age, and sex. Performance of different outcomes and tooth combinations were assessed based on the p-value of the age variable, common, or separate for each sex, depending on the selected model. The predictive probability of being older than 18 years was obtained by a Bayesian approach using information from the 1st and 2nd molars both separately and combined. Results 1st molars from 87 participants, and 2nd molars from 93 participants were included. The age range was 14-24 years with a median age of 18 years. The transformation outcome (high signal soft tissue + low signal soft tissue)/total had the strongest statistical association with age for the lower right 1st (p= 7.1*10-4 for males) and 2nd molar (p=9.44×10-7 for males and p=7.4×10-10 for females). Combining the lower right 1st and 2nd molar in males did not increase the prediction performance compared to using the best tooth alone. Conclusion MRI segmentation of the lower right 1st and 2nd molar might prove useful in the prediction of age older than 18 years in sub-adults. We provided a statistical framework to combine the information from two molars.

• Zaidi, Syed Hani Ali; Aksnes, Tonje Amb; Åkra, Sissel; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Byrkjeland, Rune & Seljeflot, Ingebjørg [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Abdominal Adipose Tissue Associates With Adiponectin and TNFα in Middle-Aged Healthy Men. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 13, p. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.874977. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Adipokines are highly active biopeptides involved in glucose metabolism, insulin regulation and the development and progression of obesity and its associated diseases. It includes, among others, adiponectin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The sources of adipokines and their associations with glucometabolic variables are not completely understood. Aim In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether gene expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of selected adipokines and their corresponding circulating levels associate with the amount of AT in superficial (sSAT), deep (dSAT) and visceral AT (VAT), assessed by computed tomography (CT). Any association with glucometabolic variables were also explored. Methods In 103 healthy Caucasian men, aged 39.5 years, fasting venous blood and SAT samples from the gluteal region were collected. Ninety-four of the participants underwent CT assessment of the abdominal AT, which was divided into VAT, sSAT and dSAT. Circulating levels of adipokines were measured by ELISA and AT gene-expression by PCR. Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose clamp, assessing glucose disposal rate (GDR). Results Circulating adiponectin and TNFα gene expression correlated inversely and positively to the amount of AT in all three compartments (r=-0.266 to -0.276, p&amp;lt;0.05 for all) and (r=0.323 - 0.368, p&amp;lt;0.05 for all), respectively, with strongest correlations to the amount in sSAT and dSAT. When dividing AT compartments into quartiles, a tendency was observed towards lower circulating adiponectin and higher TNFα gene expression levels, respectively, with increasing amount of sSAT and dSAT. Circulating adiponectin correlated inversely to insulin, C-peptide and waist circumference (r=-456 to -0.373, p&amp;lt;0.001) and positively to GDR (r=0.356, p&amp;lt;0.001). AT-expressed visfatin correlated inversely to insulin and C-peptide (r=-0.370 and r=-0.404, p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion Increased amount of AT is associated with lower levels of adiponectin and increased levels of TNFα AT expression.

• Holme, Sigrun Skaar; Kilian, Karin; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Moen, Jon Magnus & Molberg, Øyvind (2021). Impact of baseline clinical and radiological features on outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. ISSN 1478-6354. 23(18), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02401-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) causes a recurring inflammation in nose and paranasal sinuses that clinically resembles chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of other aetiologies. While sinonasal inflammation is not among the life-threatening features of GPA, patients report it to have major negative impact on quality of life. A relatively large proportion of GPA patients have severe CRS with extensive damage to nose and sinus structures evident by CT, but risk factors for severe CRS development remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify clinical and radiological predictors of CRS-related damage in GPA. Methods We included GPA patients who had clinical data sets from time of diagnosis, and two or more paranasal sinus CT scans obtained ≥12 months apart available for analysis. We defined time from first to last CT as the study observation period, and evaluated CRS development across this period using CT scores for inflammatory sinus bone thickening (osteitis), bone destructions, and sinus opacifications (here defined as mucosal disease). In logistic regression, we applied osteitis as main outcome measure for CRS-related damage. Results We evaluated 697 CT scans obtained over median 5 years observation from 116 GPA patients. We found that 39% (45/116) of the GPA patients remained free from CRS damage across the study observation period, while 33% (38/116) had progressive damage. By end of observation, 32% (37/116) of the GPA patients had developed severe osteitis. We identified mucosal disease at baseline as a predictor for osteitis (odds ratio 1.33), and we found that renal involvement at baseline was less common in patients with severe osteitis at last CT (41%, 15/37) than in patients with no osteitis (60%, 27/45). Conclusions In this largely unselected GPA patient cohort, baseline sinus mucosal disease associated with CRS-related damage, as measured by osteitis at the end of follow-up. We found no significant association with clinical factors, but the data set indicated an inverse relationship between renal involvement and severe sinonasal affliction.

• Fredwall, Svein Otto; Linge, Jennifer; Leinhard, Olof Dahlqvist; Kjønigsen, Lisa Jannicke; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate & Weedon-Fekjær, Harald [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in adults with achondroplasia. Genetics in Medicine. ISSN 1098-3600. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-01024-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Åkra, Sissel; Aksnes, Tonje Amb; Flaa, Arnljot; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Opstad, Trine Baur & Njerve, Ida Unhammer [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Markers of remodeling in subcutaneous adipose tissue are strongly associated with overweight and insulin sensitivity in healthy non-obese men. Scientific Reports. 10:14055, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71109-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Alteration in extracellular matrix (ECM) in adipose tissues (AT) has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. We investigated whether selected biomarkers of ECM remodeling in AT in healthy subjects associated with the amount and distribution of AT and with glucometabolic variables. Subcutaneous AT and fasting blood samples from 103 middle-aged healthy non-obese men were used. AT gene expression and circulating levels of the biomarkers were quantified. Distribution of AT was assessed by computed tomography, separated into subcutaneous, deep subcutaneous and visceral AT. Insulin sensitivity was measured by glucose clamp technique. Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression in AT correlated significantly to the amount of AT in all compartments (rs = 0.41–0.53, all p ≤ 0.01), and to insulin sensitivity, insulin, C-peptide, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) (rs = 0.25–0.57, all p ≤ 0.05). MMP-9 was 5.3 fold higher in subjects with insulin sensitivity below median (p = 0.002) and 3.1 fold higher in subjects with BMI above median level (p = 0.013). In our healthy non-obese middle-aged population AT-expressed genes, central in remodeling of ECM, associated strongly with the amount of abdominal AT, overweight and insulin sensitivity, indicating AT-remodeling to play a role also in non-obese individuals. The remodeling process seems furthermore to associate significantly with glucometabolic disturbances.

• Fredwall, Svein Otto; Steen, Unni; Vries, Olga de; Rustad, Cecilie; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate & Weedon-Fekjær, Harald [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). High prevalence of symptomatic spinal stenosis in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia: A population-based study. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 15(123), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01397-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Symptomatic spinal stenosis (SSS) is a well-known medical complication in achondroplasia. The reported prevalence of SSS is 10 to 30%, an estimate based on small studies or selected populations. No population-based studies exist currently. Furthermore, the relationship between SSS and physical functioning has not been investigated in detail. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of SSS in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia, and to explore the impact of SSS on physical functioning. Methods This was a population-based study on Norwegian community-dwelling adults with genetically confirmed achondroplasia. Prevalence of SSS was defined by clinical symptoms, and confirmed by imaging or surgical reports. Physical functioning was assessed by walking capacity (6-min walk test), hand strength (Grippit), and activities of daily living (the Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ). Pain was assessed by pain site locations and intensity (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS). Results In total, 50 participants were included (27 males, 23 females). Median age was 41 years (range 16 to 87 years), 34 (68%) had SSS. The estimated median age at first symptom onset was 33 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 29 to 43 years), range 10 to 67 years. The majority had multiple spinal levels affected. The walking distance was 110 m shorter in the SSS group (95% CI − 172 to − 40 m) as compared with the non-SSS group (p < 0.01). There was no considerable difference in hand strength between the two groups. Mean HAQ scores (0–3) for walking and hygiene were significantly higher in the SSS group, reflecting more activity limitations. Mean differences were 0.9 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.4, p < 0.01) and 0.6 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.0, p < 0.01). Pain intensity (NRS 0–10) was also significantly higher in the SSS group with a mean difference of 3.2 (95% CI 0.6 to 5.6, p = 0.02). Conclusions SSS was highly prevalent in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia, with symptom onset at young age, and multiple spinal levels affected. The presence of SSS was associated with reduced walking distance, activity limitations, and more pain. The findings underline the importance of thorough assessment and monitoring of SSS in achondroplasia, including a formal assessment of physical functioning.

• Holme, Sigrun Skaar; Moen, Jon Magnus; Kilian, Karin Renate; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate & Molberg, Øyvind (2020). Impact of Paranasal Sinus Surgery in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A Longitudinal Computed Tomography Study. The Laryngoscope. ISSN 0023-852X. 130(8), p. E460–E468. doi: 10.1002/lary.28639. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives/Hypothesis Severe chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) failing medical therapies can be treated with paranasal sinus surgery. Whether this surgery protects from progressive sinonasal damage remains unknown. Here, we aimed to analyze time‐dependent relations between sinus surgeries and computed tomography (CT) imaging features in the CRS of GPA. Study Design Longitudinal observational study. Methods We assessed CRS features including bone thickening by global osteitis scoring scale, bone erosions, and mucosal thickening by Lund‐Mackay scores in serial paranasal sinus CT scans (742 CT scans in total) from a cohort of 127 well‐characterized GPA patients. Data on sinonasal surgical procedures were from a mandatory national registry and from chart review. We defined the time from baseline CT to last CT as the study observation period in each patient. Datasets were analyzed by linear mixed models. Results We found that 23/127 cohort patients had one or more paranasal sinus surgical procedures, and 96% of these (22/23) had osteitis by CT after surgery. In patients with nasal surgery alone or no surgery, we identified osteitis in 7/11 (64%) and 45/93 (48%), respectively. During the observation period of a median of 5 years, 38 patients had progression of their sinus osteitis, with the highest annual osteitis progression rates observed around the time of surgery. Conclusions In this cohort, paranasal sinus surgery was associated with prevalence, severity, and progression rate of sinus osteitis, indicating that sinus surgery does not reduce the bone damage development in the CRS of GPA.

• Kværner, Ane Sørlie; Harnæs, Helene; Alavi, Dena Helene; Bärebring, Linnea; Henriksen, Hege & Guren, Marianne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Bør beregning av cellegiftdose ved tarmkreft baseres på kroppssammensetning? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 140(8), p. 1–10. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0769. Full text in Research Archive
• Holme, Sigrun Skaar; Moen, Jon Magnus; Kilian, Karin Renate; Haukeland, Hilde; Molberg, Øyvind & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate (2019). Development of CT-based methods for longitudinal analyses of paranasal sinus osteitis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. BMC Medical Imaging. 19(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12880-019-0315-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Even though progressive rhinosinusitis with osteitis is a major clinical problem in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), there are no studies on how GPA-related osteitis develops over time, and no quantitative methods for longitudinal assessment. Here, we aimed to identify simple and robust CT-based methods for capture and quantification of time-dependent changes in GPA-related paranasal sinus osteitis and compare performance of the methods under study in a largely unselected GPA cohort. Methods GPA patients (n = 121) with ≥3 paranasal CT scans obtained ≥12 months apart and control patients not having GPA or rhinosinusitis (n = 15) were analysed by: (i) Global osteitis scoring scale (GOSS), originally developed for chronic rhinosinusitis; (ii) Paranasal sinus volume by manual segmentation; (iii) Mean maxillary and sphenoid diameter normalised to landmark distances (i.e. diameter ratio measurement, DRM). Results Time-dependent changes in GPA-related osteitis were equally well measured by the simple DRM and the labour-intensive volume method while GOSS missed ongoing changes in cases with extensive osteitis. GOSS at last CT combined with DRM identified three distinct patient groups: (i) The no osteitis group, who had no osteitis and no change in DRM from baseline CT to last CT (45/121 GPA patients and 15/15 disease controls); (ii) Stable osteitis group, with presence of osteitis, but no change in DRM across time (31 GPA); (iii) Progressive osteitis, defined by declining DRM (45 GPA). Conclusions We suggest DRM and GOSS as complementary methods for capturing, classifying and quantifying time-dependent changes in GPA-related osteitis.

• Kjønigsen, Lisa Jannicke; Harneshaug, Magnus; Fløtten, Ann-Monica; Karterud, Lena Korsmo; Petterson, Kent & Skjolde, Grethe [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Reproducibility of semiautomated body composition segmentation of abdominal computed tomography: a multiobserver study. European Radiology Experimental. 3:42, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s41747-019-0122-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Segmentation of computed tomography (CT) images provides quantitative data on body tissue composition, which may greatly impact the development and progression of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. We aimed to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver variation of semiautomated segmentation, to assess whether multiple observers may interchangeably perform this task. Methods: Anonymised, unenhanced, single mid-abdominal CT images were acquired from 132 subjects from two previous studies. Semiautomated segmentation was performed using a proprietary software package. Abdominal muscle compartment (AMC), inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were identified according to pre-established attenuation ranges. The segmentation was performed by four observers: an oncology resident with extensive training and three radiographers with a 2-week training programme. To assess interobserver variation, segmentation of each CT image was performed individually by two or more observers. To assess intraobserver variation, three of the observers did repeated segmentations of the images. The distribution of variation between subjects, observers and random noise was estimated by a mixed effects model. Inter- and intraobserver correlation was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: For all four tissue compartments, the observer variations were far lower than random noise by factors ranging from 1.6 to 3.6 and those between subjects by factors ranging from 7.3 to 186.1. All interobserver ICC was ≥ 0.938, and all intraobserver ICC was ≥ 0.996. Conclusions: Body composition segmentation showed a very low level of operator dependability. Multiple observers may interchangeably perform this task with highly reproducible results. Keywords: Body composition, Abdominal fat, Skeletal muscle, Tomography (X-ray computed), Observer variation

• Åkra, Sissel; Aksnes, Tonje Amb; Flaa, Arnljot; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Opstad, Trine Baur & Njerve, Ida Unhammer [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Interleukin-18 and the NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome in adipose tissue are strongly associated with glucometabolic variables in a cohort of middle-aged men. Diabetes & vascular disease research. ISSN 1479-1641. 15(5), p. 458–464. doi: 10.1177/1479164118785307. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Aleksander Grande; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Hagen, Knut; Helvik, Anne-Sofie; Thorstensen, Wenche Moe & Nordgård, Ståle [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Paranasal sinus opacification in headache sufferers: A population-based imaging study (the HUNT study-MRI). Cephalalgia. ISSN 0333-1024. 37(6), p. 509–516. doi: 10.1177/0333102416651455. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The association between headache and paranasal sinus disease is still unclear. Because of symptom overlap, the two conditions are not easily studied on the basis of symptoms alone. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether paranasal sinus opacification on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was associated with migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) or unclassified headache. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 844 randomly selected participants (442 women, age range 50–65 years, mean age 57.7 years). Based on 14 headache questions, participants were allocated to four mutually exclusive groups: migraine, TTH, unclassified headache or headache free. On MRI, opacifications as mucosal thickening, polyps/retention cysts and fluid in the five paired sinuses were measured and recorded if ≥1 mm. For each participant, opacification thickness was summed for each sinus and, in addition, a total sum of all sinuses was calculated. Opacification in each sinus was compared between headache-free participants and the headache groups using non-parametric tests, and the total sum was compared by logistical regression. Results: No significant association was found between paranasal sinus opacification and headache in general, nor when headache was differentiated into migraine, TTH and unclassified headache. This was also true in separate analyses of mucosal thickening and fluid and of opacification from each paranasal sinus. Conclusion Migraine:, TTH and unclassified headache were found not to be associated with an increased degree of paranasal sinus opacification at MRI.

• Skårn, Sigrid Nordang; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Flaa, Arnljot; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Rostrup, Morten & Brunborg, Cathrine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Predictors of abdominal adipose tissue compartments: 18-year follow-up of young men with and without family history of diabetes. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. 29, p. 26–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.027. Full text in Research Archive
• Baco, Eduard; Rud, Erik; Eri, Lars Magne; Moen, Gunnar; Vlatkovic, Ljiljana & Svindland, Aud [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess and Compare the Outcomes of Two-core Prostate Biopsy Guided by Fused Magnetic Resonance and Transrectal Ultrasound Images and Traditional 12-core Systematic Biopsy. European Urology. ISSN 0302-2838. 69(1), p. 149–156. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.03.041. Full text in Research Archive
• Young, Victoria Solveig; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Gaarder, Christine; Næss, Pål Aksel & Enden, Tone Rønnaug (2016). Radiology response in the emergency department during a mass casualty incident: a retrospective study of the two terrorist attacks on 22 July 2011 in Norway. European Journal of Radiology. ISSN 0720-048X. 27(7), p. 2828–2834. doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4677-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: To describe the use of radiology in the emergency department (ED) in a trauma centre during a mass casualty incident, using a minimum acceptable care (MAC) strategy in which CT was restricted to potentially severe head injuries. Methods: We retrospectively studied the initial use of imaging on patients triaged to the trauma centre following the twin terrorist attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011. Results: Nine patients from the explosion and 15 from the shooting were included. Fourteen patients had an Injury Severity Score >15. During the first 15 h, 22/24 patients underwent imaging in the ED. All 15 gunshot patients had plain films taken in the ED, compared to three from the explosion. A CT was performed in 18/24 patients; ten of these were completed in the ED and included five non-head CTs, the latter representing deviations from the MAC strategy. No CT referrals were delayed or declined. Mobilisation of radiology personnel resulted in a tripling of the staff. Conclusions: Plain film and CT capacity was never exceeded despite deviations from the MAC strategy. An updated disaster management plan will require the radiologist to cancel non-head CTs performed in the ED until no additional MCI patients are expected.

• Hansen, Aleksander Grande; Helvik, Anne-Sofie; Thorstensen, Wenche Moe; Nordgård, Ståle; Langhammer, Arnulf & Bugten, Vegard [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Paranasal sinus opacification at MRI in lower airway disease (the HUNT study-MRI). European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. ISSN 0937-4477. p. 3790–3797. doi: 10.1007/s00405-015-3790-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Rud, Erik; Baco, Eduard; Klotz, Dagmar; Rennesund, Kristin; Svindland, Aud & Berge, Viktor [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). Does preoperative magnetic resonance imaging reduce the rate of positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy in a randomised clinical trial? European Urology. ISSN 0302-2838. 68(3), p. 487–496. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.02.039. Full text in Research Archive
• Baco, Eduard; Rud, Per Erik; Vlatkovic, Ljiljana; Svindland, Aud; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate & Hung, Andrew J. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). Predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging determined tumor contact length for extracapsular extension of prostate cancer. Journal of Urology. ISSN 0022-5347. 193(2), p. 466–472. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.084. Full text in Research Archive
• Baco, Eduard; Ukimura, Osamu; Rud, Per Erik; Vlatkovic, Ljiljana; Svindland, Aud & Aron, Manju [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Transectal Ultrasound Image-fusion Biopsies Accurately Characterize the Index Tumor: Correlation with Step-sectioned Radical Prostatectomy Specimens in 135 Patients. European Urology. ISSN 0302-2838. 67(4), p. 787–794. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.08.077. Full text in Research Archive
• Rud, Per Erik; Klotz, Dagmar; Rennesund, Kristin; Baco, Eduard; Johansen, Truls Erik B & Diep, Lien My [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2014). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for detecting uni- and bilateral extraprostatic disease in patients with prostate cancer. World Journal of Urology. ISSN 0724-4983. 33(7), p. 1015–1021. doi: 10.1007/s00345-014-1362-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Rud, Per Erik; Klotz, Dagmar; Rennesund, Kristin; Baco, Eduard; Berge, Viktor & Diep, Lien My [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). Detection of the index tumour and tumour volume in prostate cancer using T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone. BJU International. ISSN 1464-4096. 114(6), p. E32–E42. doi: 10.1111/bju.12637. Full text in Research Archive
• Wium, Cecilie; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Ueland, Thor; Michelsen, Annika; Torjesen, Peter A & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Adipose tissue distribution in relation to insulin sensitivity and inflammation in Pakistani and Norwegian subjects with type 2 diabetes. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 74(8), p. 700–707. doi: 10.3109/00365513.2014.953571. Full text in Research Archive
• Rud, Per Erik; Baco, Eduard; Diep, Lien My; Klotz, Dagmar & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate (2014). Detection of radiorecurrent prostate cancer using diffusion-weighted imaging and targeted biopsies. American Journal of Roentgenology. ISSN 0361-803X. 202(3), p. W241–W246. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.10483. Full text in Research Archive
• Baco, Eduard; Rud, Per Erik; Ukimura, Osamu; Vlatkovic, Ljiljana; Svindland, Aud & Matsugasumi, Toru [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2014). Effect of targeted biopsy guided by elastic image fusion of MRI with 3D-TRUS on diagnosis of anterior prostate cancer. Urologic Oncology. ISSN 1078-1439. 32(8), p. 1300–1307. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.07.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Baco, Eduard; Gelet, Albert; Crouzet, Sebastien; Rud, Per Erik; Rouviere, Olivier & Tonoli-Catez, Helene [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2014). Hemi salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in unilateral radiorecurrent prostate cancer: A prospective two-centre study. BJU International. ISSN 1464-4096. 114(4), p. 532–540. doi: 10.1111/bju.12545. Full text in Research Archive
• Hansen, Aleksander Grande; Helvik, Anne-Sofie; Nordgård, Ståle; Bugten, Vegard; Stovner, Lars Jacob & Håberg, Asta [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Incidental findings in MRI of the paranasal sinuses in adults: a population-based study (HUNT MRI). BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders. 14. doi: 10.1186/1472-6815-14-13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Diagnostic imaging of the head is used with increasing frequency, and often includes the paranasal sinuses, where incidental opacifications are found. To determine the clinical relevance of such findings can be challenging, and for the patient such incidental findings can give rise to concern if they are over-reported. Studies of incidental findings in the paranasal sinuses have been conducted mostly in patients referred for diagnostic imaging, hence the prevalence in the general population is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and size of incidental opacification in the paranasal sinuses in a non-selected adult population using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without medical indication, and to relate the results to sex and season. Methods: Randomly and independent of medical history, 982 participants (518 women) with a mean age of 58.5 years (range, 50–66) underwent MRI of the head as part of a large public health survey in Norway. The MRIs included 3D T1 weighted volume data and 2D axial T2 weighted image (WI). Opacifications, indicating mucosal thickenings, polyps, retention cysts, or fluid, were recorded if measuring more than 1 mm. Results: Opacifications were found in 66% of the participants. Mucosal thickenings were found in 49%, commonly in the maxillary sinuses (29%) where 25% had opacifications that were less than 4 mm in size. Other opacifications occurred in the anterior ethmoid (23%), posterior ethmoid (21%), frontal sinus (9%), and sphenoid (8%). Polyps and retention cysts were also found mainly in the maxillary sinuses in 32%. Fluid was observed in 6% of the MRIs. Mucosal thickening was observed more frequently in men than in women (P <0.05). No seasonal variation was found. Conclusions: In this large non-selected sample, incidental opacification in the paranasal sinuses was seen in two out of three participants, and mucosal thickening was seen in one out of two. Fluid was rare. Knowledge of incidental opacification is important because it can affect clinical practice.

• Rud, Per Erik; Baco, Eduard & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate (2012). MRI and Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy Using Soft Image Fusion. Anticancer Research. ISSN 0250-7005. 32(8), p. 3383–3389. Full text in Research Archive
• Eggesbø, Heidi Beate (2012). Imaging of sinonasal tumours. Cancer Imaging. ISSN 1740-5025. 12(1), p. 136–152. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0015. Full text in Research Archive
• Haukeland, John Willy; Zbigniew, Konopski; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Volkmann, HL von; Raschpichler, G & Bjøro, Kristian [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2009). Metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. 44(7), p. 853–860. doi: 10.1080/00365520902845268. Full text in Research Archive
• Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Søvik, Signe; Dølvik, Sverre; Eiklid, Kristin Louise & Kolmannskog, Finn (2003). Proposal of a CT scoring system of the paranasal sinuses in diagnosing cystic fibrosis. European Radiology. ISSN 0938-7994. 13(6), p. 1451–1460. doi: 10.1007/s00330-003-1825-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Eggesbø, Heidi Beate; Søvik, Signe; Dølvik, Sverre & Kolmannskog, Finn (2002). CT characterization of inflammatory paranasal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis. Acta Radiologica. ISSN 0284-1851. 43(1), p. 21–28. Full text in Research Archive

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• Wang, Qidi; Akdeniz, Cennet; Heck, Ansgar; Bjørk, Mai Britt; Theisen, Ole Rasmus & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2025). X-bundet hypofosfatemi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(3). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0476. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  X-bundet hypofosfatemi er en sjelden genetisk sykdom som medfører fosfattap i nyrene, redusert mineralisering av tenner og skjelett, deformerte knokler og begrenset mobilitet. Dette har betydelige konsekvenser for helse og livskvalitet. Denne kliniske oversikten gjennomgår anbefalinger for diagnostisering, behandling og oppfølging av voksne med tilstanden.

• Bjørk, Mai Britt; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Bleka, Øyvind; Haugland, Mari-Ann; Lauritzen, Peter Mæhre & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate (2023). Prediction of age older than 18 years in sub-adults by MRI-segmentation of 1st, 2nd and 3rd molars. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørk, Mai Britt; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Bleka, Øyvind; Sakinis, Tomas; Tuvnes, Frode Alexander & Haugland, Mari-Ann [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Prediction of age older than 18 years by MRI-segmentation of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørk, Mai Britt; Kvaal, Sigrid Ingeborg; Bleka, Øyvind; Sakinis, Tomas; Tuvnes, Frode Alexander & Lauritzen, Peter Mæhre [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). MRI segmentation of 3rd molar tooth tissue volumes to predict age older than 18 years in sub-adults. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredwall, Svein Otto; Linge, Jennifer; Leinhard, Olof Dahlqvist; Kjønigsen, Lisa Jannicke; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate & Weedon-Fekjær, Harald [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Correction to: Cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in adults with achondroplasia (Genetics in Medicine, (2021), 23, 4, (732-739), 10.1038/s41436-020-01024-6). Genetics in Medicine. ISSN 1098-3600. 23(11), p. 2234–2234. doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01201-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Fredwall, Svein Otto; Steen, Unni; Vries, Olga de; Rustad, Cecilie; Eggesbø, Heidi Beate & Weedon-Fekjær, Harald [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Correction to: High prevalence of symptomatic spinal stenosis in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia: a population-based study (Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, (2020), 15, 1, (123), 10.1186/s13023-020-01397-6). Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01636-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Baco, Eduard; Rud, Erik; Boezelijn, Gro; Berge, Viktor & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate (2013). Hemi ablation of prostate by hifu in patients with unilateral prostate cancer: a prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. ISSN 0036-5599. 47, p. 49–50. Full text in Research Archive
• Baco, Eduard; Rud, Erik; Svindland, Aud & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate (2013). Anterior prostate cancer: gleason score based on MRI/TRUS elastic image fusion guided prostate biopsy vs prostatectomy. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. ISSN 0036-5599. 47, p. 15–15. Full text in Research Archive
• Aaløkken, Trond M; Kristiansen, Joanna; Günther, Anne; Mynarek, Georg; Bosse, Gerhard & Eggesbø, Heidi Beate [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2012). Does iterative reconstruction in chest CT mean chest radiography goodbye? Comparison of diagnostic information, radiation dose and time consumption between ultra low dose CT and conventional chest radiography. Full text in Research Archive

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