Per Medbøe Thorsby

• Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Alnæs, Dag; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole; Server, Andrés & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Cortical thickness and sub-cortical volumes in post-H1N1 narcolepsy type 1: A brain-wide MRI case-control study. Sleep Medicine. ISSN 1389-9457. 116, p. 81–89. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.031.
• Henriksen, Hans Christian Bordado; Havnes, Ingrid Amalia; Jørstad, Marie Lindvik; Abdullah, Rang; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Hauger, Lisa Evju [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Treatment-seeking behavior and cardiovascular morbidity among men with anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 34(1). doi: 10.1111/sms.14554.
• Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Alnæs, Dag; Lund, Martina Jonette; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole & Server, Andrés [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Larger hypothalamic volume in narcolepsy type 1. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 46(11). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsad173. Show summary

  Study Objectives: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a neurological sleep disorder. Postmortem studies have shown 75%–90% loss of the 50 000–70 000 hypocretin-producing neurons and 64%–94% increase in the 64 000–120 000 histaminergic neurons and conflicting indications of gliosis in the hypothalamus of NT1 patients. The aim of this study was to compare MRI-based volumes of the hypothalamus in patients with NT1 and controls in vivo. Methods: We used a segmentation tool based on deep learning included in Freesurfer and computed the volume of the whole hypothalamus, left/right part of the hypothalamus, and 10 hypothalamic subregions. We included 54 patients with post-H1N1 NT1 (39 females, mean age 21.8 ± 11.0 years) and 114 controls (77 females, mean age 23.2 ± 9.0 years). Group differences were tested with general linear models using permutation testing in Permutation Analysis of Linear Models and evaluated after 10 000 permutations, yielding two-tailed P-values. Furthermore, a stepwise Bonferroni correction was performed after dividing hypothalamus into smaller regions. Results: The analysis revealed larger volume for patients compared to controls for the whole hypothalamus (Cohen’s d = 0.71, p = 0.0028) and for the left (d = 0.70, p = 0.0037) and right part of the hypothalamus (d = 0.65, p = 0.0075) and left (d = 0.72, p = 0.0036) and right tubular-inferior (d = 0.71, p = 0.0037) hypothalamic subregions. Conclusions: In conclusion, patients with post-H1N1 NT1 showed significantly larger hypothalamic volume than controls, in particular in the tubular-inferior subregions which could reflect several processes as previous studies have indicated neuroinflammation, gliosis, and changes in the numbers of different cell types.

• Scarth, Morgan; Hauger, Lisa Evju; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Leknes, Siri; Hullstein, Ingunn Riise & Westlye, Lars Tjelta [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Supraphysiological testosterone levels from anabolic steroid use and reduced sensitivity to negative facial expressions in men. Psychopharmacology. ISSN 0033-3158. doi: 10.1007/s00213-023-06497-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Westbye, Alexander Bauer; Aas, Finn Erik; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Zykova, Svetlana; Kelp, Oskar & Dahll, Louise J. Koren [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Large method differences for free thyroid hormone assays in the hyperthyroid range can affect assessment of hyperthyroid status: Comparison of Abbott Alinity to Roche Cobas, Siemens Centaur and equilibrium dialysis LC-MS/MS. Clinical Biochemistry. ISSN 0009-9120. 121-122. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110676. Full text in Research Archive
• Pfabigan, Daniela M.; Frogner, Erik Rimestad; Schéle, Erik; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Dickson, Suzanne L. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Ghrelin is related to lower brain reward activation during touch. Psychophysiology. ISSN 0048-5772. 61(2). doi: 10.1111/psyp.14443. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The gut hormone ghrelin drives food motivation and increases food intake, but it is also involved in the anticipation of and response to rewards other than food. This pre-registered study investigated how naturally varying ghrelin concentrations affect the processing of touch as a social reward in humans. Sixty-seven volunteers received slow caressing touch (so-called CT-targeted touch) as a social reward and control touch on their shins during 3T functional imaging on two test days. On one occasion, participants were fasted, and on another, they received a meal. On each occasion, plasma ghrelin was measured at three time points. All touch was rated as more pleasant after the meal, but there was no association between ghrelin concentrations and pleasantness. CT-targeted touch was rated as the most pleasant and activated somatosensory and reward networks (whole brain). A region-of-interest in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) showed lower activation during all touches, the higher the ghrelin concentrations were. During CT-targeted touch, a larger satiety response (ghrelin decrease after the meal) was associated with higher mOFC activation, and this mOFC activation was associated with higher experienced pleasantness. Overall, higher ghrelin concentrations appear to be related to a lower reward value for touch. Ghrelin may reduce the value of social stimuli, such as touch, to promote food search and intake in a state of low energy. This suggests that the role of ghrelin goes beyond assigning value to food reward.

• Molteberg, Ellen; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Kverneland, Magnhild; Iversen, Per Ole; Selmer, Kaja Kristine & Hofoss, Dag [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Stress biomarkers in adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy on a modified Atkins diet: A prospective study. Epilepsia Open. ISSN 2470-9239. 8, p. 1331–1339. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12808. Full text in Research Archive
• Ollila, Hanna M.; Sharon, Eilon; Lin, Ling; Sinnott-Armstrong, Nasa; Ambati, Aditya & Yogeshwar, Selina M. [Show all 411 contributors for this article] (2023). Narcolepsy risk loci outline role of T cell autoimmunity and infectious triggers in narcolepsy. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 14. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36120-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Westbye, Alexander Bauer; Aas, Finn Erik; Kelp, Oskar; Dahll, Louise J. Koren & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2023). Analysis of free, unbound thyroid hormones by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: A mini-review of the medical rationale and analytical methods. Analytical Science Advances (ASA). ISSN 2628-5452. 4(7-8), p. 244–254. doi: 10.1002/ansa.202200067. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Measurement of hormones is important for the diagnosis and management of endocrine diseases. The thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are among the most commonly measured hormones in clinical laboratories, and it is the concentration of free (not bound to proteins) thyroid hormones that is clinically most relevant. Free thyroid hormones are commonly measured using automated immunoassays, however, these are known to produce erroneous results due to interferences for some patients. Measurement of free thyroid hormones using equilibrium dialysis or ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is considered a more accurate and robust method for free thyroid hormone analysis and overcomes many of the limitations of immunoassays. However, LC-MS/MS-based methods are often considered too technically difficult and not amendable to high throughput by clinical chemists and are not offered by many clinical laboratories. This mini-review aims to make it easier for clinical laboratories to implement LC-MS/MS-based measurement of free thyroid hormones. It describes the medical rationale for measuring free thyroid hormones, the benefits of LC-MS/MS-based methods with respect to interferences affecting immunoassay-based methods and physical separation methods. This mini-review highlights important parameters for ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis to obtain physiologically relevant free thyroid hormone concentrations and focuses on methods and devices used in clinical chemistry.

• Dahll, Louise J. Koren; Westbye, Alexander Bauer; Vinorum, Kristin; Sejersted, Yngve; Barøy, Tuva & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Untreated Adult Patients With Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Alpha. Journal of the Endocrine Society (JES). ISSN 2472-1972. 7(8). doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvad089. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Thyroid hormone resistance due to pathogenic variants in thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) is rare and descriptions of patients are sparse. The disorder is probably underdiagnosed as patients may have normal thyroid function tests. Treatment with thyroxine in childhood improves clinical symptoms. However, it is not clear if treatment has beneficial effects if started in adulthood. Cases: We investigated 4 previously untreated Caucasian adult first-degree-related patients with the THRA c.788C > T, p.(Ala263Val) variant identified by a gene panel for intellectual disability in the index patient. Clinical data and previous investigations were obtained from medical reports. Results: During childhood and adolescence, short stature, short limbs, metacarpals, and phalanges, and delayed bone age maturation were observed. Delayed motor and language development and decreased intellectual and learning abilities were described. Abdominal adiposity, round face, and increased head circumference were common features. All individuals complained of tiredness, constipation, and low mood. While thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were within the reference range, free triiodothyronine (FT3) was high. FT4/FT3 ratio and reverse T3 were low. Other main features were low hemoglobin and high LDL/HDL ratio. Conclusion: Investigation of 4 first-degree-related adult patients with untreated resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) revealed more pronounced phenotype features and hypothyroid symptoms than previously described in patients treated with levothyroxine from childhood or adolescence. The delay in diagnosis is probably due to normal thyroid function tests. We suggest that THRA analysis should be performed in patients with specific clinical features, as treatment in early childhood may improve outcomes.

• Hansen, Berit M Hjelde; Andresen, Hilde Norsted; Gjesvik, Jonas; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Nærland, Terje & Knudsen, Stine (2023). Associations between psychiatric comorbid disorders and executive dysfunctions in hypocretin-1 deficient pediatric narcolepsy type1. Sleep Medicine. ISSN 1389-9457. 109, p. 149–157. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.021. Full text in Research Archive
• Viste, Rannveig; Follin, Louise Frøstrup; Kornum, Birgitte R.; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Viken, Marte Kathrine & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Increased muscle activity during sleep and more RBD symptoms in H1N1-(Pandemrix)-vaccinated narcolepsy type 1 patients compared with their non-narcoleptic siblings. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 46(3), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac316. Full text in Research Archive
• Åkerman, Anna-Karin; Sævik, Åse Bjorvatn; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Methlie, Paal; Quinkler, Marcus & Jørgensen, Anders Palmstrøm [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2023). Plasma-Metanephrines in Patients with Autoimmune Addison’s Disease with and without Residual Adrenocortical Function. Journal of Clinical Medicine. ISSN 2077-0383. 12:3602(10), p. 1–10. doi: 10.3390/jcm12103602. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: Residual adrenocortical function, RAF, has recently been demonstrated in one-third of patients with autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD). Here, we set out to explore any influence of RAF on the levels of plasma metanephrines and any changes following stimulation with cosyntropin. Methods: We included 50 patients with verified RAF and 20 patients without RAF who served as controls upon cosyntropin stimulation testing. The patients had abstained from glucocorticoid and fludrocortisone replacement > 18 and 24 h, respectively, prior to morning blood sampling. The samples were obtained before and 30 and 60 min after cosyntropin stimulation and analyzed for serum cortisol, plasma metanephrine (MN), and normetanephrine (NMN) by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass pectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Among the 70 patients with AAD, MN was detectable in 33%, 25%, and 26% at baseline, 30 min, and 60 min after cosyntropin stimulation, respectively. Patients with RAF were more likely to have detectable MN at baseline (p = 0.035) and at the time of 60 min (p = 0.048) compared to patients without RAF. There was a positive correlation between detectable MN and the level of cortisol at all time points (p = 0.02, p = 0.04, p < 0.001). No difference was noted for NMN levels, which remained within the normal reference ranges. Conclusion: Even very small amounts of endogenous cortisol production affect MN levels in patients with AAD.

• Brekke, Stine Marie; Halvorsen, Silje Torp; Bjørkvoll, Julie; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Rønnestad, Arild Erland & Zykova, Svetlana [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). The association between infant salivary cortisol and parental presence in the neonatal intensive care unit during and after COVID-19 visitation restrictions: A cross-sectional study. Early Human Development. ISSN 0378-3782. 182. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105788. Full text in Research Archive
• Edstorp, Jessica; Wei, Yuxia; Ahlqvist, Emma; Alfredsson, Lars; Grill, Valdemar Erik Robert & Groop, Leif [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, HLA genotypes and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetologia. ISSN 0012-186X. 66(1), p. 70–81. doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05763-w. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims/hypotheses Smoking and use of smokeless tobacco (snus) are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether smoking and snus use increase the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and elucidated potential interaction with HLA high-risk genotypes. Methods Analyses were based on Swedish case–control data (collected 2010–2019) with incident cases of LADA (n=593) and type 2 diabetes (n=2038), and 3036 controls, and Norwegian prospective data (collected 1984–2019) with incident cases of LADA (n=245) and type 2 diabetes (n=3726) during 1,696,503 person-years of follow-up. Pooled RRs with 95% CIs were estimated for smoking, and ORs for snus use (case–control data only). The interaction was assessed by attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study on smoking and LADA/type 2 diabetes was conducted based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Results Smoking (RRpooled 1.30 [95% CI 1.06, 1.59] for current vs never) and snus use (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.20, 3.24] for ≥15 box-years vs never use) were associated with an increased risk of LADA. Corresponding estimates for type 2 diabetes were 1.38 (95% CI 1.28, 1.49) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.27, 2.90), respectively. There was interaction between smoking and HLA high-risk genotypes (AP 0.27 [95% CI 0.01, 0.53]) in relation to LADA. The positive association between smoking and LADA/type 2 diabetes was confirmed by the MR study. Conclusions/interpretation Our findings suggest that tobacco use increases the risk of LADA and that smoking acts synergistically with genetic susceptibility in the promotion of LADA.

• Trondrud, Liv Monica; Ugland, Cassandra Regine; Ropstad, Erik; Loe, Leif Egil; Albon, Steve & Stien, Audun [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Stress responses to repeated captures in a wild ungulate. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20270-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  While capture-mark-recapture studies provide essential individual-level data in ecology, repeated captures and handling may impact animal welfare and cause scientifc bias. Evaluating the consequences of invasive methodologies should be an integral part of any study involving capture of live animals. We investigated short- and long-term stress responses to repeated captures within a winter on the physiology, behaviour, and reproductive success of female Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Short-term responses were evaluated using serum concentrations of glucocorticoids and catecholamines during handling, and post-release recovery times in heart rate and activity levels. Repeated captures were associated with an increase in measured catecholamines and glucocorticoids, except cortisone, and delayed recovery in heart rate but not activity. Four months later, in summer, individuals captured repeatedly in winter exhibited a small increase in behavioural response to human disturbance and had a lower probability of being observed with a calf, compared to animals not captured, or captured only once. Our fndings imply that single annual capture events have no signifcant negative consequences for Svalbard reindeer, but repeated captures within a season may impact ofspring survival in the same year. Such unanticipated side efects highlight the importance of addressing multiple indicators of animal responses to repeated captures

• Lee-Ødegård, Sindre; Ueland, Thor; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Aukrust, Pål; Michelsen, Annika Elisabet & Halvorsen, Bente [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Fetuin-A mediates the difference in adipose tissue insulin resistance between young adult pakistani and norwegian patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Endocrine Disorders. ISSN 1472-6823. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12902-022-01127-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background South-Asian immigrants to Western countries have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increased adipose tissue insulin resistance (AT-IR), as compared to their Western counterparts. Fetuin-A is a hepatokine known to influence AT-IR. Aim Can plasma fetuin-A concentrations explain an ethnic difference in adipose tissue insulin resistance? Methods We performed a two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and measured plasma concentrations of fetuin-A and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), in 18 Pakistani and 21 Norwegians with T2DM (age 29–45y) in Norway. AT-IR was calculated as NEFA-suppression during the clamp. The adipokines/cytokines leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, PTX3, IL-1β, INF-γ, and IL-4 were measured in fasting plasma. Liver fat was estimated by CT-scans. Results Despite a lower BMI, Pakistani patients displayed higher AT-IR than Norwegians. NEFA-suppression during clamp was lower in Pakistani than Norwegians (mean=-20.6%, 95%CI=[-40.8, -0.01] and p = 0.046). Plasma fetuin-A concentration was higher in Pakistani than Norwegians (43.4 ng/mL[12.7,74.0], p = 0.007) and correlated negatively to %NEFA-suppression during clamp (rho=-0.39, p = 0.039). Plasma fetuin-A concentration explained 22% of the ethnic difference in NEFA-suppression during the clamp. Pakistani patients exhibited higher plasma leptin and lower PTX3 levels than Norwegian, and plasma visfatin correlated positively to plasma fetuin-A levels in the Pakistani patients. We observed no correlation between plasma fetuin-A and liver fat, but fetuin-A correlated negatively with plasma IL-1β, INF-γ, and IL-4 concentrations. Plasma IL-4 concentration was lower in Pakistani than in Norwegian patients. Conclusion Fetuin-A may contribute to explain the discrepancy in T2DM prevalence between Pakistani and Norwegians patients by influencing AT-IR.

• Ueland, Grethe Åstrøm; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Methlie, Paal; Hessen, Saleh; Husebye, Eystein Sverre & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2022). Adrenal steroid profiling as a diagnostic tool to differentiate polycystic ovary syndrome from nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: pinpointing easy screening possibilities and normal cutoff levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Fertility and Sterility. ISSN 0015-0282. 118(2), p. 384–391. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.012. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: To define liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based cutoff levels and panels of steroid hormones, to improve diagnosis of nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) and other partial enzyme defects in the adrenals. Design: Prospective cohort analysis. Setting: University hospital-based tertiary endocrine center. Patients: One hundred and twenty-one healthy adults and 65 patients evaluated for possible NCCAH (validation cohort). Interventions: The LC-MS/MS-determined cutoffs for 11 steroids (basal and cosyntropin-stimulated) were defined by 2.5% and 97.5% percentile in healthy subjects. Validation cohort was used for comparison. Main outcome measures: Percentage of patients diagnosed with NCCAH among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like symptomatology. Evaluation of the defined LC-MS/MS-based cutoff levels for steroid hormones among this patient group. Results: Of the 65 PCOS-like patients evaluated for possible NCCAH, 8 (12.5%) were discovered and genetically verified, and 2 had classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Cosyntropin-stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) showed the best diagnostic accuracy for NCCAH with an area under the curve of 0.95 (0.89-1.0 with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 88%. In homozygote patients, 21-deoxycortisol and 17OHP levels were elevated, in heterozygote patients only 17OHP (basal or stimulated) was raised. Four healthy patients in the validation cohort had 17OHP above the basal cutoff. Conclusions: The NCCAH syndrome is frequent in patients with suspected PCOS, and should be considered as a routine screening when assessing infertility. We suggest the use of serum steroid profiling, including 21-deoxycortisol, together with the cosyntropin stimulation test with 17OHP. Our data support a 17OHP cutoff of 8.5 nmol/L (2.8 ng/mL) 60 minutes after cosyntropin stimulation, when measured with LC-MS/MS, significantly lower than current European guidelines. Clinical trials number: NCT0218660. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00218660. Keywords: NCCAH; Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia; PCOS; infertility; serum steroid profiling. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

• Melsom, Helene Støle; Heiestad, Christina Mathisen; Eftestøl, Einar; Torp, May-Kristin; Gundersen, Kristian & Bjørnebekk, Astrid [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Reduced arterial elasticity after anabolic–androgenic steroid use in young adult males and mice. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14065-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Kazmi, Syed Sajid Hussain; Safi, Natkai; Berge, Simen Tveten; Kazmi, Marryam; Sundhagen, Jon Otto & Julien, Kari [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Plasma α-Glutathione S-Transferase in Patients with Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia and Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome. Vascular Health and Risk Management. ISSN 1176-6344. 18, p. 567–574. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S365625. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) due to either atherosclerosis of the mesenteric arteries or median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is an underdiagnosed entity. The etiology of MALS and its existence have been debated and questioned. We aimed to identify plasma biomarkers indicating mesenteric ischemia in patients with CMI and MALS. Methods: Plasma α-glutathione S-transferase (α-GST), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), citrulline, and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) were analyzed in fifty-eight patients with CMI (Group A, n=44) and MALS (Group B, n=14) before and after revascularization. The plasma levels of these potential biomarkers were compared with those of healthy individuals (Group C, n=16). Group comparison was performed with the Mann–Whitney U-test. Cross-tabulation and its derivatives were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: Plasma levels of α-GST were significantly raised in the patients with CMI (7.8 ng/mL, p< 0.001) and MALS (8.4 ng/mL, p< 0.001), as compared with the control Group C (3.3 ng/mL). The threshold for normal median plasma α-GST levels of 4 ng/mL yielded a sensitivity of 93% and 86%, specificity of 86% and 88%, respectively, for the diagnosis of CMI due to atherosclerosis and MALS. AUC of ROC curves was 0.96 (p< 0.0001) for CMI and 0.85 (p< 0.002) for MALS. The patient groups did not differ from the healthy controls in any other biomarkers. Conclusion: Plasma α-GST levels are elevated in CMI and MALS patients. Elevated plasma levels of α-GST suggest ischemia as the etiology of MALS.

• Pfabigan, Daniela Melitta; Frogner, Erik Rimestad; Erik, Schéle; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen & Dickson, Suzanne L. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). The “hunger” hormone ghrelin is associated with neural activation during touch, but not its affective experience. bioRxiv. ISSN 2692-8205. doi: 10.1101/2022.05.10.491384.
• Bjørnebekk, Astrid; Scarth, Morgan; Neupane, Sudan Prasad; Westlye, Lars Tjelta; Hullstein, Ingunn Riise & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Use of high-dose androgens is associated with reduced brain derived neurotrophic factor in male weightlifters. Neuroendocrinology. ISSN 0028-3835. 113(1), p. 36–47. doi: 10.1159/000526418. Full text in Research Archive
• Pfabigan, Daniela M.; Vezzani, Cecilia; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Sailer, Uta (2022). Sex difference in human olfactory sensitivity is associated with plasma adiponectin. Hormones and Behavior. ISSN 0018-506X. 145. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105235. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Energy deprivation as well as hormones that regulate appetite and eating can influence olfactory function. This study investigated olfactory sensitivity for a food-related and a non-food odour prior to and after a meal, and its relationship to the energy-regulating hormones ghrelin and adiponectin. The olfactory sensitivity for orange and rose (PEA) odour in healthy, normal-weight volunteers (19 women, 45 men, 1 undisclosed individual) was not affected by the consumption of a meal. Olfactory sensitivity was not associated with concentrations of circulating ghrelin. However, olfactory sensitivity was higher for women than for men, indicating better olfactory performance. This difference between women and men was related to concentrations of plasma adiponectin, an adipose-specific hormone. Adiponectin may thus explain why sex differences in olfactory sensitivity emerge, and may also account for some of the inconsistencies in previous findings on sex differences. Our findings add to the limited literature on the impact of stomach and adipose tissue-derived hormones on olfactory sensitivity. Further studies are needed to establish a causal link between circulating adiponectin and a sex difference in olfactory sensitivity.

• Stenehjem, Jo S.; Støer, Nathalie Charlotte; Ghiasvand, Reza; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian; Babigumira, Ronnie & Rees, Judy R. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and leptin in relation to melanoma-specific death and overall death. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. ISSN 1755-1471. 35(2), p. 280–284. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.13026.
• Öberg, Eva Gunnel Johanna; Jorde, Rolf; Figenschau, Yngve Anton; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Dahl, Sandra Rinne & Winther, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Combined hormonal contraceptives and vitamin D metabolism in adolescent girls. Endocrine Connections. ISSN 2049-3614. 11(3). doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0395. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: Combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use has been associated with higher total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Here, we investigate the relation between CHC use and vitamin D metabolism to elucidate its clinical interpretation. Methods: The cross-sectional Fit Futures 1 included 1038 adolescents. Here, a subgroup of 182 girls with available 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and measured free 25(OH)D levels, in addition to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), was investigated. Vitamin D metabolites were compared between girls using (CHC+) and not using CHC (CHC−). Further, the predictability of CHC on 25(OH)D levels was assessed in a multiple regression model including lifestyle factors. The ratios 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D (vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR)) in relation to 25(OH)D were presented in scatterplots. Results: CHC+ (n  = 64; 35% of the girls) had higher 25(OH)D levels (mean ± s.d., 60.3 ± 22.2) nmol/L) than CHC- (n  = 118; 41.8 ± 19.3 nmol/L), P -values <0.01. The differences in 25(OH)D levels between CHC+ and CHC− were attenuated but remained significant after the adjustment of lifestyle factors. CHC+ also had higher levels of 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, DBP and calcium than CHC−, whereas 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D, PTH, FGF23 and albumin were significantly lower. Free 25(OH)D and VMR did not statistically differ, and both ratios appeared similar in relation to 25(OH)D, irrespective of CHC status. Conclusion: This confirms a clinical impact of CHC on vitamin D levels in adolescents. Our observations are likely due to an increased DBP-concentration, whereas the free 25(OH)D appears unaltered.

• Molteberg, Ellen; Taubøll, Erik; Kverneland, Magnhild; Iversen, Per Ole; Selmer, Kaja Kristine & Nakken, Karl Otto [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Substantial early changes in bone and calcium metabolism among adult pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients on a modified Atkins diet. Epilepsia. ISSN 0013-9580. 63(4), p. 880–891. doi: 10.1111/epi.17169. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the modified Atkins diet (MAD), a variant of the ketogenic diet, has an impact on bone- and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Methods Two groups of adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy were investigated. One, the diet group (n = 53), was treated with MAD for 12 weeks, whereas the other, the reference group (n = 28), stayed on their habitual diet in the same period. All measurements were performed before and after the 12 weeks in both groups. We assessed bone health by measuring parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, 25-OH vitamin D (25-OH vit D), 1,25-OH vitamin D (1,25-OH vit D), phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the bone turnover markers procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide collagen type 1 (CTX-1). In addition, we examined the changes of sex hormones (estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), sex hormone-binding globulin, and leptin. Results After 12 weeks of MAD, we found a significant reduction in PTH, Ca, CTX-1, P1NP, 1,25-OH vit D, and leptin. There was a significant increase in 25-OH vit D. These changes were most pronounced among patients <37 years old, and in those patients with the highest body mass index (≥25.8 kg/m²), whereas sex and type of antiseizure medication had no impact on the results. For the reference group, the changes were nonsignificant for all the analyses. In addition, the changes in sex hormones were nonsignificant. Significance Twelve weeks of MAD treatment leads to significant changes in bone and Ca metabolism, with a possible negative effect on bone health as a result. A reduced level of leptin may be a triggering mechanism. The changes could be important for patients on MAD, and especially relevant for those patients who receive treatment with MAD at an early age before peak bone mass is reached.

• Solevåg, Anne Lee; Zykova, Svetlana; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Schmölzer, Georg M. (2021). Metabolomics to diagnose oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia: Towards a non-invasive approach. Antioxidants. ISSN 2076-3921. 10(11), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/antiox10111753.
• Oftedal, Aurora; Bekkhus, Mona; Haugen, Guttorm Nils; Braithwaite, Elizabeth; Bollerslev, Jens & Godang, Kristin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Changes in maternal cortisol, cortisol binding globulin and cortisone levels following diagnosis of fetal anomaly. Psychoneuroendocrinology. ISSN 0306-4530. 135. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105574. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkeland, Eline; Gharagozlian, Sedegheh; Birkeland, Kåre I.; Holm, Oda Kristine S.; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Aas, Anne-Marie (2021). Effect of inulin-type fructans on appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled crossover trial. Journal of Nutritional Science (JNS). ISSN 2048-6790. 10, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1017/jns.2021.70. Full text in Research Archive
• Viste, Rannveig; Viken, Marte Kathrine; Lie, Benedicte Alexandra; Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Nordstrand, Sebjørg E. H. & Thorsby, Per M. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). High nocturnal sleep fragmentation is associated with low T lymphocyte P2Y<inf>11</inf>protein levels in narcolepsy type 1. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 44(8), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab062. Full text in Research Archive
• Syversen, Unni; Mosti, Mats Peder; Mynarek, Ida Maria; Vedal, Trude Seselie Jahr; Aasarød, Kristin Matre & Basso, Trude [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Evidence of impaired bone quality in men with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Endocrine Connections. ISSN 2049-3614. 10(8), p. 955–964. doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0193. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with substantial fracture risk. Bone mineral density (BMD) is, however, only modestly reduced, suggesting impaired bone microarchitecture and/or bone material properties. Yet, the skeletal abnormalities have not been uncovered. Men with T1D seem to experience a more pronounced bone loss than their female counterparts. Hence, we aimed to examine different aspects of bone quality in men with T1D. Design and Methods In this cross-sectional study, men with T1D and healthy male controls were enrolled. BMD (femoral neck, total hip, lumbar spine, whole body) and spine trabecular bone score (TBS) were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and bone material strength index (BMSi) was measured by in vivo impact microindentation. HbA1c and bone turnover markers were analyzed. Results Altogether, 33 men with T1D (43 ± 12 years) and 28 healthy male controls (42 ± 12 years) were included. Subjects with T1D exhibited lower whole-body BMD than controls (P = 0.04). TBS and BMSi were attenuated in men with T1D vs controls (P = 0.016 and P = 0.004, respectively), and T1D subjects also had a lower bone turnover. The bone parameters did not differ between subjects with or without diabetic complications. Duration of disease correlated negatively with femoral neck BMD but not with TBS or BMSi. Conclusions This study revealed compromised bone material strength and microarchitecture in men with T1D. Moreover, our data confirm previous studies which found a modest decrease in BMD and low bone turnover in subjects with T1D. Accordingly, bone should be recognized as a target of diabetic complications.

• Dahll, Louise J. Koren; Haave, Ellen Marie; Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Aas, Finn Erik & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2021). Endogenous anti-streptavidin antibodies causing erroneous laboratory results more common than anticipated. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 81(2), p. 92–103. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2020.1858493. Show summary

  All immunological methods are vulnerable to different kinds of interference. The purpose of this work was to study the cause and frequency of method-dependent interference in the Roche thyroid immunoassays. Serum samples with discordant thyroid function tests (TFT) were selected from samples sent to the Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital from June 2013 to September 2018. We identified 93 patients with discordant pathological TFT when analysed with the Roche methods and normal results when analysed with alternative methods. 42 of these samples were sent to Roche Diagnostics (Germany) for investigation of the interfering substance. Roche found interference to be caused by the presence of endogenous anti-streptavidin antibodies (ASA) (34 of 42 patients), ruthenium or the idiotype of the ruthenium labelled antibody (3 of 42 patients) and mouse antigens (1 of 42 patients). Method-dependent interference was estimated to affect 0.37% of the patients investigated in our laboratory. Interference due to the presence of endogenous ASA were further explored in other (non-thyroid) immunoassays by comparing analyte levels before and after pre-adsorption of the patients’ sera with streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. An underestimation of hormone levels was observed in sandwich immunoassays, while an overestimation was found in competitive assays. Method-dependent interference in Roche thyroid immunoassays is caused mainly by ASA and is not a very rare phenomenon. Misleading results may lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate medical treatment. The supplier of the assay should be alerted when the available alternative methodology reveals method-dependent errors.

• Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Viken, Marte Kathrine; Nordstrand, Sebjørg Elizabeth Hesla; Viste, Rannveig; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). HLA and sleep parameter associations in post-H1N1 narcolepsy type 1 patients and first-degree relatives. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 43(3), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz239. Full text in Research Archive
• Stenehjem, Jo S.; Støer, Nathalie Charlotte; Ghiasvand, Reza; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian; Babigumira, Ronnie & Rees, Judy R. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and melanoma risk. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77155-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Ingstad, Frida; Solberg, Lene Bergendal; Nordsletten, Lars; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Hestnes, Ingvild & Frihagen, Frede Jon (2020). Vitamin D status and complications, readmissions, and mortality after hip fracture. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05739-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Summary Low vitamin D in patients with hip fracture is common. In the present study, 407 of 872 (47%) patients had serum calcidiol less than 50 nmol/L. Patients with low vitamin D had more delirium, more new hip fractures, and more medical readmissions, but not more orthopedic complications after 1 year. Introduction We wanted to study the relation between vitamin D level and postoperative orthopedic and medical complications in patients with hip fracture. In addition, we investigated the effect of giving a single-dose cholecalciferol 100.000 IU. Methods Data were taken from the local hip fracture register. Logistic regression analyses including vitamin D level and potentially confounding variables were performed for complications and readmissions. Results A total of 407 (47%) of 872 included hip fractures had low vitamin D at baseline. A total of 155 (18%) developed delirium, and the risk was higher in vitamin D-deficient patients (odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 2.12; p = 0.03). A total of 261 (30%) were readmitted for non-hip-related conditions. Low vitamin D was associated with a higher risk of medical readmissions within 30 days (OR 1.64 (1.03 to 2.61); p = 0.036) and 12 weeks (OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.12); p = 0.039). There was a higher risk of a new hip fracture (OR 2.84 (95% CI 1.15 to 7.03) p = 0.024) in vitamin D-deficient patients. A total of 105 (12%) developed at least one orthopedic complication, with no correlation to baseline vitamin D. Among vitamin D-deficient patients, those receiving a single-dose of 100.000 IU cholecalciferol had fewer orthopedic complications (OR 0.32 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.97) p = 0.044) the first 30 days after surgery. Conclusion Low vitamin D at admission for hip fracture increased the risk of delirium, a new hip fracture, and medical readmissions, but not orthopedic complications. The role of vitamin D supplementation to prevent orthopedic complications requires further study.

• Bornstedt, Mette Eskild; Gjerlaugsen, Nina; Olstad, Ole Kristoffer; Berg, Jens Petter; Bredahl, May K. Lyamouri & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2020). Vitamin D metabolites influence expression of genes concerning cellular viability and function in insulin producing β-cells (INS1E). Gene. ISSN 0378-1119. 746:144649, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144649. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Studies have shown that vitamin D can enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and change the expression of genes in pancreatic β-cells. Still the mechanisms linking vitamin D and GSIS are unknown. Material and methods We used an established β-cell line, INS1E. INS1E cells were pre-treated with 10 nM 1,25(OH)2vitamin D or 10 nM 25(OH)vitamin D for 72 h and stimulated with 22 mM glucose for 60 min. RNA was extracted for gene expression analysis. Results Expression of genes affecting viability, apoptosis and GSIS changed after pre-treatment with both 1,25(OH)2vitamin D and 25(OH)vitamin D in INS1E cells. Stimulation with glucose after pre-treatment of INS1E cells with 1,25(OH)2vitamin D resulted in 181 differentially expressed genes, whereas 526 genes were differentially expressed after pre-treatment with 25(OH)vitamin D. Conclusion Vitamin D metabolites may affect pancreatic β-cells and GSIS through changed gene expression for genes involved in β-cell function and viability.

• Nordstrand, Sebjørg Elizabeth Hesla; Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Viste, Rannveig; Rootwelt-Revheim, Terje; Karlsen, Tor-Ivar & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Obesity and other medical comorbidities among NT1 patients after the Norwegian H1N1 influenza epidemic and vaccination campaign. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 43(5). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz277.
• Hansen, Berit M Hjelde; Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Nordstrand, Sebjørg Elizabeth Hesla; Viste, Rannveig; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Swanson, David [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). High prevalence of ADHD symptoms in unmedicated youths with post-H1N1 narcolepsy type 1 . Sleep Medicine. ISSN 1389-9457. 75, p. 171–180. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvammen, Janne Anita; Thomassen, Rut Anne; Kjeserud, Christina; Sæland, Camilla; Godang, Kristin & Bollerslev, Jens [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Bone mineral density and vitamin D in paediatric intestinal failure patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 39, p. 234–241. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.006. Full text in Research Archive
• Molteberg, Ellen; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Kverneland, Magnhild; Iversen, Per Ole; Selmer, Kaja Kristine & Nakken, Karl Otto [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Effects of modified Atkins diet on thyroid function in adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior. ISSN 1525-5050. 111:107285. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107285. Full text in Research Archive
• Bornstedt, Mette Eskild; Gjerlaugsen, Nina; Pepaj, Milaim; Bredahl, May K. Lyamouri & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2019). Vitamin D increases glucose stimulated insulin secretion from insulin producing beta cells (INS1E). International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (IJEM). ISSN 1726-913X. 17:e74255(1), p. 1–5. doi: 10.5812/ijem.74255.
• Jorde, Rolf; Stunes, Astrid Kamilla; Kubiak, Julia Magdalena; Grimnes, Guri; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Syversen, Unni (2019). Smoking and other determinants of bone turnover. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14:e0225539(11), p. 1–16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225539. Full text in Research Archive
• Balasuriya, Chandima Nirupa Dilruks; Larose, Tricia L; Mosti, Mats Peder; Evensen, Kari Anne Indredavik; Jacobsen, Geir Wenberg & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Maternal serum retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations during pregnancy and peak bone mass and trabecular bone score in adult offspring at 26-year follow-up. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14:e0222712(9), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222712. Full text in Research Archive
• Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Alnæs, Dag; Lund, Martina Jonette; Dietrichs, Espen; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Westlye, Lars Tjelta [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy patients have abnormal brain activation during humor processing. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 42:zsz082(7), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz082. Full text in Research Archive
• Panton, Kristine Kollerøs; Mikkelsen, Gustav; Irgens, Wenche Elna Øiestad; Hovde, Ann Kristin; Killingmo, Marte Wien & Øien, Monja Airin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). New reference intervals for cortisol, cortisol binding globulin and free cortisol index in women using ethinyl estradiol. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 79(5), p. 314–319. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1622031. Full text in Research Archive
• Gustafsson, Miriam K.; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Stafne, Signe Nilssen; Helvik, Anne-Sofie; Stunes, Astrid Kamilla & Mørkved, Siv [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). The effect of an exercise program in pregnancy on vitamin D status among healthy, pregnant Norwegian women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. ISSN 1471-2393. 19:76, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2220-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Svanevik, Marius; Risstad, Hilde; Hofsø, Dag; Høgestøl, Ingvild Kristine; Kristinsson, Jon Adalsteinn & Sandbu, Rune [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Bone Turnover Markers After Standard and Distal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity Surgery. ISSN 0960-8923. 29(9), p. 2886–2895. doi: 10.1007/s11695-019-03909-1.
• Jorde, Rolf; Stunes, Astrid Kamilla; Kubiak, Julia Magdalena; Joakimsen, Ragnar Martin; Grimnes, Guri & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover markers and other bone-related substances in subjects with vitamin D deficiency. Bone. ISSN 8756-3282. 124, p. 7–13. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.002. Full text in Research Archive
• Dahl, Sandra Rinne; Nermoen, Ingrid; Brønstad, Ingeborg; Husebye, Eystein Sverre; Løvås, Kristian & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2018). Assay of steroids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in monitoring 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Endocrine Connections. ISSN 2049-3614. 7 (12), p. 1542–1550. doi: 10.1530/EC-18-0453.
• Juvodden, Hilde Therese; Alnæs, Dag; Lund, Martina Jonette; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole Andreas & Dietrichs, Espen [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Widespread white matter changes in post-H1N1 patients with narcolepsy type 1 and first-degree relatives. Sleep. ISSN 0161-8105. 41(10). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy145. Full text in Research Archive
• Gustafsson, Miriam; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Stafne, Signe Nilssen; Helvik, Anne-Sofie; Stunes, Astrid Kamilla & Mørkved, Siv [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Alterations in the Vitamin D endocrine system during pregnancy: A longitudinal study of 855 healthy Norwegian women. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 13:e0195041(4), p. 1–21. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195041. Full text in Research Archive
• Ueland, Grethe Åstrøm; Methlie, Paal; Øksnes, Marianne; Thordarson, Hrafnkell B; Sagen, Jørn V. & Kellmann, Ralf [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2018). The short cosyntropin test revisited: new normal reference range using LC-MS/MS. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). ISSN 0021-972X. 103(4), p. 1696–1703. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-02602.
• Kubiak, Julia Magdalena; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Kamycheva, Elena & Jorde, Rolf (2018). Vitamin D supplementation does not improve CVD risk factors in vitamin D-insufficient subjects. Endocrine Connections. ISSN 2049-3614. 7(6), p. 840–849. doi: 10.1530/EC-18-0144. Full text in Research Archive
• Risstad, Hilde; Kristinsson, Jon Adalsteinn; Fagerland, Morten; le Roux, Carel W.; Birkeland, Kåre I. & Gulseth, Hanne Løvdal [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Bile acid profiles over 5 years after gastric bypass and duodenal switch: results from a randomized clinical trial. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. ISSN 1550-7289. 13(9), p. 1544–1553. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.05.024.
• Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte & Nordhagen, Live Solveig [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Weight-for-length, early weight-gain velocity and atopic dermatitis in infancy and at two years of age: A cohort study. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 17:141, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0889-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Overweight and atopic dermatitis (AD) are major health problems in most industrialised countries, but the relationship between overweight and AD in infants and young children is unclear. We investigated if weight-for-length at birth, in infancy and at two years, as well as early weight-gain velocity, are associated with the development of AD in early life. Methods Cohort study of infants (n = 642), all living in south-east Norway, hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis (n = 404) or recruited from the general population (n = 238), examined at mean age 5.1 months (enrolment) and at a two-year follow-up visit (n = 499; 78%) at mean age 24.6 months. Exposures were weight-for-length (g/cm) at birth, enrolment and two-year follow-up, and early weight-gain velocity (gram/month from birth to enrolment). Excessive weight-for-length was defined as weight-for-length >95th percentile of WHO child-growth standards. Data on weight-for-length at the three time points were obtained for 435, 428 and 473 children. AD was diagnosed according to the Hanifin & Rajka criteria or from a history of physician-diagnosed AD. We performed multivariate analyses with weight-for-length at birth, at enrolment and at the two-year follow-up visit and with early weight gain velocity for the endpoint AD at each visit. Results In adjusted analyses, excessive weight-for-length at enrolment was associated with concurrent AD (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.23–7.50) and with AD at two years (OR 2.40; 1.11–5.17). In infants without AD, weight-for-length at enrolment increased the risk of AD at two years, with OR being 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.04) per increased gram/cm. AD at two years was not associated with concurrent excessive weight-for-length, nor was AD at any time associated with weight-for-length at birth or with early weight-gain velocity. Conclusions The results suggest that overweight in infancy may contribute to the development of AD in early life, highlighting the need for child health-care professionals to address potential overweight and atopic disease when advising infants’ caregivers.

• Viste, Rannveig; Soosai, Joseph; Vikin, Truls; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Nilsen, Kristian Bernhard & Knudsen, Stine (2017). Long-Term improvement after combined immunomodulation in early post-H1N1 vaccination narcolepsy. Neurology: Neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation. ISSN 2332-7812. 4(5). doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000389. Full text in Research Archive
• Aass, Cecilie; Nordheim, Ingrid; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Børnick, Ellen Charlotte; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Pepaj, Milaim (2017). Establishment of a tear protein biomarker panel differentiating between Graves' disease with or without orbitopathy. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175274. Full text in Research Archive
• Krog, Anne Helene; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Sahba, Mehdi; Pettersen, Erik Mulder; Sandven, Irene & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Perioperative humoral stress response to laparoscopic versus open aortobifemoral bypass surgery. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 77(2), p. 83–92. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1268264. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørgenrud, Benedicte Marie; Stene, Lars Christian; Tapia, German; Bøås, Håkon; Pepaj, Milaim & Berg, Jens Petter [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Longitudinal plasma metabolic profiles, infant feeding, and islet autoimmunity in the MIDIA study. Pediatric Diabetes. ISSN 1399-543X. 18, p. 111–119. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12360. Show summary

  Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal plasma metabolic profiles in healthy infants and the potential association with breastfeeding duration and islet autoantibodies predictive of type 1 diabetes. Method Up to four longitudinal plasma samples from age 3 months from case children who developed islet autoimmunity (n = 29) and autoantibody-negative control children (n = 29) with the HLA DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2 genotype were analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for detection of small polar metabolites. Results Plasma metabolite levels were found to depend strongly on age, with fold changes varying up to 50% from age 3 to 24 months (p < 0.001 after correction for multiple testing). Tyrosine levels tended to be lower in case children, but this was not significant after correction for multiple testing. Ornithine levels were lower in case children compared with the controls at the time of seroconversion, but the difference was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. Breastfeeding for at least 3 months as compared with shorter duration was associated with higher plasma levels of isoleucine, and lower levels of methionine and 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid at 3 months of age. Conclusions Plasma levels of several small, polar metabolites changed with age during early childhood, independent of later islet autoimmunity status and sex. Breastfeeding was associated with higher levels of branched-chain amino acids, and lower levels of methionine and 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid.

• Pepaj, Milaim; Bredahl, May K. Lyamouri; Gjerlaugsen, Nina & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2016). Proteomic analysis of the INS-1E secretome identify novel vitamin D-regulated proteins. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. ISSN 1520-7552. 32(6), p. 514–521. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2777.
• Sommer, Christine; Gulseth, Hanne Løvdal; Jenum, Anne Karen; Sletner, Line; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Birkeland, Kåre I. (2016). Soluble leptin receptor and risk of gestational diabetes in a multiethnic population: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). ISSN 0021-972X. 101(11), p. 4070–4075. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2583.
• Aass, Cecilie; Nordheim, Ingrid; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Børnick, Ellen Charlotte; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Pepaj, Milaim (2016). Comparative proteomic analysis of tear fluid in Graves' disease with and without orbitopathy. Clinical Endocrinology. ISSN 0300-0664. 85(5), p. 805–812. doi: 10.1111/cen.13122.
• Krog, Anne Helene; Sahba, Mehdi; Pettersen, Erik Mulder; Sandven, Irene; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Jørgensen, Jørgen J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Comparison of the acute-phase response after laparoscopic versus open aortobifemoral bypass surgery: a substudy of a randomized controlled trial. Vascular Health and Risk Management. ISSN 1176-6344. 2016(12), p. 371–378. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S110600. Full text in Research Archive
• Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Sandvik, Leiv; Skjerven, Håvard Ove & Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2016). Vitamin D levels and atopic eczema in infancy and early childhood in Norway: a cohort study. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. 175(1), p. 95–101. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14537.
• Sollid, Stina Therese; Strand Hutchinson, Moira; Berg, Vivian; Fuskevåg, Ole-Martin; Figenschau, Yngve Anton & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Effects of Vitamin D binDing protein phenotypes and Vitamin D supplementation on serum total 25(OH)D and directly measured free 25(OH)D. European Journal of Endocrinology (EJE). ISSN 0804-4643. 174(4), p. 445–452. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-1089. Full text in Research Archive
• Rizvi, Syed Mohammad H.; Veierød, Marit Bragelien; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Helsing, Per (2015). Vitamin d in Norwegian renal transplant recipients: A longitudinal study with repeated measurements in winter and summer. EJD. European journal of dermatology. ISSN 1167-1122. 25(3), p. 234–239. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2015.2524.
• Pepaj, Milaim; Bredahl, May K. Lyamouri; Gjerlaugsen, Nina; Bornstedt, Mette Eskild & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2015). Discovery of novel vitamin D-regulated proteins in INS-1 cells: A proteomic approach. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. ISSN 1520-7552. 31(5), p. 481–491. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2629.
• Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Torjesen, Peter A; Skorpen, Frank; Kvaløy, Kirsti & Grill, Valdemar Erik Robert (2015). Presence of anti-GAD in a non-diabetic population of adults; time dynamics and clinical influence: results from the HUNT study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. ISSN 2052-4897. 3(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000076. Full text in Research Archive
• Aass, Cecilie; Nordheim, Ingrid; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Pepaj, Milaim (2015). Single unit filter-aided method for fast proteomic analysis of tear fluid. Analytical Biochemistry. ISSN 0003-2697. 480, p. 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.002.
• Pepaj, Milaim & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2015). Analysis of glycated albumin by on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. ISSN 1082-6076. 38(1), p. 20–28. doi: 10.1080/10826076.2013.864980.
• Pepaj, Milaim; Gjerlaugsen, Nina; Julien, Kari & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2014). Tmem27 is upregulated by vitamin D in INS-1 cells and its serum concentrations are low in patients with autoimmune diabetes. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 74(4), p. 358–365. doi: 10.3109/00365513.2014.898322.
• Wium, Cecilie; AASHEIM, ERLEND T.; Ueland, Thor; Michelsen, Annika ; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Larsen, Ingegerd Frøyshov [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). Differences in insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammation between young adult Pakistani and Norwegian patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study. BMC Endocrine Disorders. ISSN 1472-6823. 13(49). doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-49. Full text in Research Archive
• Hamre, Hanne Mari; Kiserud, Cecilie E.; Ruud, Ellen; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Fosså, Sophie Dorothea (2012). Gonadal function and parenthood 20 years after treatment for childhood lymphoma: A cross-sectional study. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. ISSN 1545-5009. 59(2), p. 271–277. doi: 10.1002/pbc.23363.
• Johansson, Helena; Odén, Anders; Kanis, John A.; McCloskey, Eugene; Lorentzon, Mattias & Ljunggren, Östen [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2012). Low serum vitamin D is associated with increased mortality in elderly men: MrOS Sweden. Osteoporosis International. ISSN 0937-941X. 23(3), p. 991–999. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1809-5.
• Solaas, Karianne; Legry, Vanessa; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Berg, Paul Ragnar; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund & Ferrieres, Jean [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2010). Suggestive evidence of associations between liver X receptor beta polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in three cohort studies: HUNT2 (Norway), MONICA (France) and HELENA (Europe). BMC Medical Genetics. ISSN 1471-2350. 11(144). doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-144.
• Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Midthjell, Kristian; Gjerlaugsen, Nina; Holmen, Jostein; Hanssen, Kristian F & Birkeland, Kåre I [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Comparison of genetic risk in three candidate genes (TCF7L2, PPARG, KCNJ11) with traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a population-based study - the HUNT study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 69(2), p. 282–287. doi: 10.1080/00365510802538188.
• Aas, Anne-Marie; Hanssen, Kristian Folkvord; Berg, Jens Petter; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Birkeland, Kåre I. (2009). Insulin-Stimulated Increase in Serum Leptin Levels Precedes and Correlates with Weight Gain during Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM). ISSN 0021-972X. 94(8), p. 2900–2906. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1005.
• Stene, Lars Christian; Thorsby, Per M; Berg, Jens P; Rønningen, Kjersti Skjold & Joner, Geir (2008). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism, cod liver oil and risk of type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. ISSN 1399-543X. 9(1), p. 40–45. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00263.x.
• Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2007). Endokrinologi. In Bendz, Bjørn & Aabakken, Lars (Ed.), Turnuslegeboka. Legeforlaget. ISSN 978-82-99-35687-9. p. 188–200.
• Stene, Lars Christian; Thorsby, Per M; Berg, Jens P; Rønningen, Kjersti Skjold; Undlien, Dag E & Joner, Geir (2006). The relation between size at birth and risk of type 1 diabetes is not influenced by adjustment for the insulin gene (-23HphI) polymorphism or HLA-DQ genotype. Diabetologia. ISSN 0012-186X. 49, p. 2068–2073.
• Thorsby, Per; Berg, Jens Petter & Birkeland, Kåre I. (2005). Insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats is associated with increased fat mass during adolescence in non-obese girls. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 65(2), p. 163–8.
• Aas, A.M.; Bergstad, I.; Thorsby, Per; Johannesen, Ø.; Solberg, M. & Birkeland, Kåre I. (2005). An intensified lifestyle intervention programme may be superior to insulin treatment in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents: results of a feasibility study. Diabetic Medicine. ISSN 0742-3071. 22(3), p. 316–22.

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• Parelius Wammer, Anne Cathrine ; Nermoen, Ingrid; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Bolstad, Nils; Lima, Kari & Tran, Hoa Thi Tuyet [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Insulin autoimmune syndrome: not just one but two different diseases with therapeutic implications. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports. 2023(4). doi: 10.1530/EDM-23-0032. Full text in Research Archive
• Guldhaug, Nora Alicia; Røys, Eirik Åsen; Viste, kristin; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Sylte, Marit Sverresdotter & Torsvik, Janniche [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Week-to-week within-subject and between-subject biological variation of copeptin. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. ISSN 1434-6621. 62(2), p. e29–e33. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0673. Full text in Research Archive
• Trondrud, Liv Monica; Ugland, Cassandra Regine; Ropstad, Erik; Loe, Leif Egil; Albon, Steve & Stien, Audun [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Author Correction: Stress responses to repeated captures in a wild ungulate (Scientific Reports, (2022), 12, 1, (16289), 10.1038/s41598-022-20270-z). Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 13(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29744-0.
• Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Gjelstad, Astrid (2021). Når pasienten er idrettsutøver. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 7. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0074.
• Kvammen, Janne Anita; Thomassen, Rut Anne; Kjeserud, Christina; Sæland, Camilla; Godang, Kristin & Thorsby, Per Medbøe [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Bone health and vitamin D in paediatric intestinal failure patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.
• Gustafsson, Miriam K.; Thorsby, Per Medbøe; Syversen, Unni & Mosti, Mats Peder (2019). The response of vitamin D metabolites to a single bout of resistance and endurance exercise in healthy young adults.
• Methi, Trond & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2016). T. Methi & P.M. Thorsby svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 136(14/15), p. 1186–1186. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0582.
• Methi, Trond & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2016). Insulinresistens - Kroppens forsvar mot kaloriforgiftning? [Insulin resistance - the body's defence against caloric intoxication?]. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 11(136), p. 1015–1017. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0259.
• Methi, Trond & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2014). Hvorfor får ikke alle type 2-diabetes? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(23/24), p. 2284–2286. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0941.
• Dahl, Sandra Rinne & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2014). Hvordan måle vitamin D-status? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(7), p. 729–731. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0981.
• Hamre, Hanne Mari; Kiserud, Cecilie E.; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Fosså, Sophie Dorothea (2011). Gonadal Function and Fertility 20 Years After Treatment of Childhood Lymphoma - a Cross-sectional Study of 136 Patients. European Journal of Cancer. ISSN 0959-8049. 47, p. S293–S293.
• Pepaj, Milaim & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2010). Differences in insulin release between long term type 2 diabetes mellitus and NGT - a model of discovery of changes in proteins using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Diabetologia. ISSN 0012-186X. 53(Supp. 1).
• Solaas, Karianne; Legry, Vanesssa; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Thorsby, Per Medbøe & Ferrieres, J [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2009). Association study between LXRbeta polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Narverud, Ingunn; Nenseter, Marit Sofie; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Ulven, Stine Marie & Sandvik, Marit [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2009). Levels of adipokines are influenced by puberty in children with familial hypercholesterolemia.
• Narverud, Ingunn; Ueland, Thor; Nenseter, Marit Sofie; Telle-Hansen, Vibeke; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Halvorsen, Bente [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2009). Activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha inflammatory system in children with familial hypercholesterolemia.
• Narverud, Ingunn; Ueland, Thor; Nenseter, Marit Sofie; Telle-Hansen, Vibeke Helen; Retterstøl, Kjetil & Halvorsen, Bente [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2009). ACTIVATION OF THE TNFA INFLAMMATORY SYSTEM IN CHILDREN WITH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. Atherosclerosis Supplements. ISSN 1567-5688. 10(2).
• Asghar, Shaheen; Magnusson, Andres; Halsne, A; Vinje, G; Hussain, Ajmal & Thorsby, Per Medbøe (2008). Dose seriousness of depressive symptoms influence on insulin resistance - a study using hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. Diabetologia. ISSN 0012-186X. 51, p. S285–S286.
• Thorsby, Per M; Midthjell, Kristian; Gjerlaugsen, N; Krüger, Øystein; Holmen, Jostein & Hanssen, Kristian [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2006). Analyses of two major candidate genes for type 2 diabetes - does it provide additional information to traditional risk factors in prediction of diabetes: the HUNT study? Diabetic Medicine. ISSN 0742-3071. 23.

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