Stig Sophus Frøland

• Siljan, William Ward; Holter, Jan Cato; Nymo, Ståle Haugset; Husebye, Einar; Ueland, Thor & Skattum, Lillemor [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Low levels of immunoglobulins and mannose-binding lectin are not associated with etiology, severity, or outcome in community-acquired pneumonia. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2328-8957. 5(2). doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy002. Full text in Research Archive
• Holter, Jan Cato; Ueland, Thor; Norseth, Jon; Brunborg, Cathrine; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Husebye, Einar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Vitamin D Status and Long-Term Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Secondary Data Analysis from a Prospective Cohort. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(7). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158536.
• Holter, Jan Cato; Ueland, Thor; Jenum, Pål; Müller, Fredrik; Brunborg, Cathrine & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Risk factors for long-term mortality after hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia: a 5-year prospective follow-up study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11:e0148741(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148741. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Contributors to long-term mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remain unclear, with little attention paid to pneumonia etiology. We examined long-term survival, causes of death, and risk factors for long-term mortality in adult patients who had been hospitalized for CAP, with emphasis on demographic, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics. Methods Two hundred and sixty-seven consecutive patients admitted in 2008–2011 to a general hospital with CAP were prospectively recruited and followed up. Patients who died during hospital stay were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected within 48 hours of admission. Extensive microbiological work-up was performed to establish the etiology of CAP in 63% of patients. Mortality data were obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Cox regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. Results Of 259 hospital survivors of CAP (median age 66 years), 79 (30.5%) died over a median of 1,804 days (range 1–2,520 days). Cumulative 5-year survival rate was 72.9% (95% CI 67.4–78.4%). Standardized mortality ratio was 2.90 for men and 2.05 for women. The main causes of death were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vascular diseases, and malignancy. Independent risk factors for death were the following (hazard ratio, 95% CI): age (1.83 per decade, 1.47–2.28), cardiovascular disease (2.63, 1.61–4.32), COPD (2.09, 1.27–3.45), immunocompromization (1.98, 1.17–3.37), and low serum albumin level at admission (0.75 per 5g/L higher, 0.58–0.96), whereas active smoking was protective (0.32, 0.14–0.74); active smokers were younger than non-smokers (P < 0.001). Microbial etiology did not predict mortality. Conclusions Results largely confirm substantial comorbidity-related 5-year mortality after hospitalization for CAP and the impact of several well-known risk factors for death, and extend previous findings on the prognostic value of serum albumin level at hospital admission. Pneumonia etiology had no prognostic value, but this remains to be substantiated by further studies using extensive diagnostic microbiological methods in the identification of causative agents of CAP.

• Heggelund, Lars; Gaustad, Peter; Håvelsrud, Othilde Else; Blom, Jochen; Borgen, Lars & Sundset, Arve [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Pneumonia in a veterinary stuent infected during lobaratory work. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2328-8957. 2:0fv053(2), p. 1–6. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofv053. Full text in Research Archive
• Holter, Jan Cato; Müller, Fredrik; Bjørang, Ola; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Marthinsen, Jon Bache & Jenum, Pål [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia and diagnostic yields of microbiological methods: a 3-year prospective study in Norway. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 15. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0803-5.
• Taraldsrud, Eli; Fevang, Børre; Aukrust, Pål; Beiske, Klaus; Fløisand, Yngvar & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Common variable immunodeficiency revisited: Normal generation of naturally occurring dendritic cells that respond to Toll-like receptors 7 and 9. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 175(3), p. 439–448. doi: 10.1111/cei.12239.
• Gregersen, Stina; Holm, Are Martin; Fevang, Børre; Ueland, Thor; Sikkeland, Liv Ingunn Bjoner & Aaløkken, Trond Mogens [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2013). Lung disease, T-cells and inflammation in common variable immunodeficiency disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. ISSN 0036-5513. 73(6), p. 514–522. doi: 10.3109/00365513.2013.819523.
• Svalheim, Sigrid; Mushtaq, Usman Ahmad; Mochol, Monika; Luef, G.; Rauchenzauner, M. & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Reduced immunoglobulin levels in epilepsy patients treated with levetiracetam, lamotrigine, or carbamazepine. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6314. 127, p. 11–15. doi: 10.1111/ane.12044.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Ueland, Thor; Bjørnsen, Stine; Sagen, Ellen Lund; Dahl, Christen Peder & Naalsund, Anne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2012). Systemic biomarkers of inflammation and haemostasis in patients with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-144.
• Damås, Jan Kristian; Øktedalen, Olav; Ueland, Thor; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Barstad, Johannes & Müller, Fredrik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2012). Enhanced levels of CCL19 in patients with advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 167(3), p. 492–498. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04524.x.
• Harboe, Erna; Damås, Jan Kristian; Omdal, Roald; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Sjursen, Haakon (2012). Infeksjonsrisiko ved bruk av selektivt immunmodulerende midler mot revmatoid artritt. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 132(16), p. 1867–1871. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0180. Show summary

  Bakgrunn. Nye medikamenter mot revmatoid artritt har gitt bedring i pasientenes funksjon og sykelighet, men er forbundet med økt fare for infeksjoner. Tradisjonelle immundempende midler brukes ofte i kombinasjon med tumornekrosefaktor (TNF)-α-hemmere eller anti-CD20 (rituximab). Kunnskapsgrunnlag. Oversikten bygger på søk i PubMed samt forfatternes egen erfaring med behandling av infeksjoner hos pasienter som mottar immunsuppressiv behandling. Resultater. Tradisjonell immunmodulerende behandling gir økt infeksjonsfare. Sykdommen revmatoid artritt gir i seg selv økt risiko for infeksjoner. Det er holdepunkter for økt forekomst av infeksjoner både med ekstracellulære bakterier og med intracellulære mikroorganismer som mykobakterier inkludert Mycobacterium tuberculosis og virus hos pasienter som behandles med TNF-α-hemmere. Pasienter som skal starte med TNF-α-hemmere, skal derfor risikovurderes for tuberkulose. Rituximab kan gi økt infeksjonshyppighet, men langtidsobervasjoner er begrenset. Kombinasjonsterapi mellom ulike selektivt immunmodulerende medikamenter frarådes vanligvis på grunn av økt infeksjonsfare. Fortolkning. Nytten av TNF-α-hemmere og rituximabbehandling ved revmatoid artritt må veies mot den økte risikoen for infeksjoner. Symptomer, funn og laboratoriemessige karakteristika ved alvorlige infeksjoner kan påvirkes av immunmodulerende behandling og dermed gjøre den kliniske vurderingen vanskelig.

• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Ager-Wick, Eirill; Halvorsen, Bente ; Müller, Fredrik & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2011). Toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) may be involved in the immunological response to Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro. Medical Mycology. ISSN 1369-3786. 49(4), p. 375–379. doi: 10.3109/13693786.2010.531772.
• Bækken, Morten; Manner, Ingjerd; Ueland, Thor; Frøland, Stig Sophus; Os, Ingrid & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Osteoprotegrin and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 are associated with microalbuminuria in nontreated HIV-infected patients. JAIDS. ISSN 1077-9450.
• Gregersen, Stina; Aaløkken, TM; Mynarek, Georg; Fevang, Børre; Holm, Are Martin & Ueland, Thor [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2010). Development of pulmonary abnormalities in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: associations with clinical and immunologic factors. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. ISSN 1081-1206. 104(6), p. 503–510. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.04.015.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Ueland, Thor; Pedersen, Turid Margrethe; Halvorsen, Bente ; Muller, Fredrik & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Activation of Platelets by Aspergillus fumigatus and Potential Role of Platelets in the Immunopathogenesis of Aspergillosis. Infection and Immunity. ISSN 0019-9567. 78(3), p. 1269–1275. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01091-09.
• Sandberg, Wiggo Johan; Halvorsen, Bente ; Yndestad, Arne; Smith, Camilla; Otterdal, Kari & Brosstad, Frank Roger [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2009). Inflammatory Interaction Between LIGHT and Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 in Endothelial Cells. Potential Role in Atherogenesis. Circulation Research. ISSN 0009-7330. 104(1), p. 60–U192. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.188078. Show summary

  The interaction between inflammatory cytokines and endothelial cells is a critical step in atherogenesis leading to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. We have previously reported that the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member LIGHT could be involved in atherogenesis through its ability to promote vascular inflammation. In the present study we identified proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2 as an inflammatory mediator that was markedly enhanced by LIGHT in endothelial cells. We also found that LIGHT acted synergistically with PAR-2 activation to promote enhanced release of the proatherogenic chemokines interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, underscoring that the interaction between LIGHT and PAR-2 is biologically active, promoting potent inflammatory effects. We showed that the LIGHT-mediated upregulation of PAR-2 in endothelial cells is mediated through the HVEM receptor, involving Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. A LIGHT-mediated upregulation of PAR-2 mRNA levels was also found in human monocytes when these cells were preactivated by tumor necrosis factor {alpha}. We have previously demonstrated increased plasma levels of LIGHT in unstable angina patients, and here we show a similar pattern for PAR-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes. We also found that LIGHT, LIGHT receptors, and PAR-2 showed enhanced expression, and, to some degree, colocalization in endothelial cells and macrophages, in the atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE–/– mice, suggesting that the inflammatory interaction between LIGHT and PAR-2 also may be operating in vivo within an atherosclerotic lesion. Our findings suggest that LIGHT/PAR-2–driven inflammation could be a pathogenic loop in atherogenesis potentially representing a target for therapy in this disorder.

• Damås, Jan Kristian; Davi, Giovanni; Jensenius, M; Santilli, F; Otterdal, K & Ueland, T [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2009). Relative chemokine and adhesion molecule expression in Mediterranean spotted fever and African tick bite fever. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 58(1), p. 68–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.11.008.
• Damås, Jan Kristian; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Fevang, Børre; Heggelund, Lars; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Aukrust, Pål (2009). Enhanced levels of the CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 in HIV infection: correlation with viral load, disease progression and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (London). ISSN 0269-9370. 23(1), p. 135–138. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831cf595.
• Sandanger, Øystein; Sandanger, O; Ryan, Liv; Bohnhorst, Janne Øvrebø; Iversen, Ann-Charlotte & Iversen, AC [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2009). IL-10 Enhances MD-2 and CD14 Expression in Monocytes and the Proteins Are Increased and Correlated in HIV-Infected Patients. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 182(1), p. 588–595.
• Fevang, Børre; Yndestad, Arne; Damås, Jan Kristian; Bjerkeli, Vigdis; Ueland, Thor & Holm, Are Martin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2009). Chemokines and common variable immunodeficiency; possible contribution of the fractalkine system (CX3CL1/CX3CR1) to chronic inflammation. Clinical Immunology. ISSN 1521-6616. 130(2), p. 151–161. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.09.002.
• Yndestad, A; Landrø, Linn; Ueland, Thor; Dahl, CP; Flo, Trude Helen & Vinge, Leif Erik [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2009). Increased systemic and myocardial expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in clinical and experimental heart failure. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 30(10), p. 1229–1236. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp088. Show summary

  Aims: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL or lipocalin-2) is a glycoprotein with bacteriostatic properties. Growing evidence suggests that NGAL may also be involved in cell survival, inflammation, and matrix degradation. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of NGAL in heart failure (HF). Methods and results: Our main findings were (i) patients with acute post-myocardial infarction (MI) HF (n = 236) and chronic HF (n = 150) had elevated serum levels of NGAL (determined by enzyme immunoassay), significantly correlated with clinical and neurohormonal deterioration, (ii) in patients with HF following acute MI, elevated NGAL levels of at baseline were associated with adverse outcomes (median of 27 months follow-up), (iii) in a rat model of post-MI HF, NGAL/lipocalin-2 gene expression was increased in the non-ischaemic part of the left ventricle primarily located to cardiomyocytes, (iv) strong NGAL immunostaining was found in cardiomyocytes within the failing myocardium both in experimental and clinical HF, (v) interleukin-1β and agonists for toll-like receptors 2 and 4, representing components of the innate immune system, were potent inducers of NGAL/lipocalin-2 in isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Our demonstration of enhanced systemic and myocardial NGAL expression in clinical and experimental HF further support a role for innate immune responses in the pathogenesis of HF.

• Gregersen, Stina; Aaløkken, Trond Mogens; Mynarek, Georg; Kongerud, Johny; Aukrust, Pål & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). High resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function in common variable immunodeficiency. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 103, p. 873–880. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.12.015.
• Fevang, Børre; Yndestad, Arne; Damås, Jan Kristian; Halvorsen, Bente ; Holm, Are Martin & Beiske, K [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2009). Chemokines and common variable immunodeficiency; possible contribution of CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 to immune dysregulation. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 158(2), p. 237–245. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04013.x.
• Sandberg, Wiggo Johan; Otterdal, Kari; Gullestad, Lars; Halvorsen, Bente ; Ragnarsson, Asgrimur & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2009). The tumour necrosis factor superfamily ligand APRIL (TNFSF13) is released upon platelet activation and expressed in atherosclerosis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. ISSN 0340-6245. 102(4), p. 704–710. doi: 10.1160/TH08-10-0665.
• Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Damås, Jan Kristian; Halvorsen, Bente ; Fevang, Børre; Ueland, Thor & Otterdal, Kari [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2009). CXCL16 in HIV infection - a link between inflammation and viral replication. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 39(11), p. 1017–1024. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02207.x.
• Fevang, Børre; Eugen-Olsen, Jesper; Yndestad, Arne; Brosstad, Frank Roger; Beiske, Klaus & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Enhanced levels of urokinase plasminogen activator and its soluble receptor in common variable immunodeficiency. Clinical Immunology. ISSN 1521-6616. 131(3), p. 438–446. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.01.007.
• Damas, JK; Landro, L; Fevang, B; Heggelund, L; Tjønnfjord, Geir Erland & Floisand, Y [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2009). Homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 promote inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with ongoing viral replication. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 157(3), p. 400–407. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03976.x.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Mattingsdal, Morten; Olstad, Ole K.; Øvstebø, Reidun; Kierulf, Peter & Muller, Fredrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Expression of genes in normal human monocytes in response to Aspergillus fumigatus. Medical Mycology. ISSN 1369-3786. 46(4), p. 327–336. doi: 10.1080/13693780701874507. Show summary

  The objective of these studies was to investigate genes of importance in the pathogenesis of Aspergillus infections. To do so, we employed microarray methodology to explore gene expression in human monocytes infected with Aspergillus conidia as compared with unstimulated monocytes and those stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling through TOLL-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We found 997 (P≤0.05) differentially expressed (DE) genes in monocytes stimulated with conidia from Aspergillus fumigatus and 4976 (P≤0.05) DE genes in monocytes stimulated with LPS. A total of 454 genes were only regulated by A. fumigatus stimulation. Selected genes were verified with qRT-PCR. Our study revealed significant changes in the expression of a number of genes of potential importance in the interaction between Aspergillus conidia and monocytes, including immune response genes and genes involved in apoptosis and initiation of Th1 response. Several of these changes in gene expression were unique to Aspergillus conidia and were not seen with LPS stimulation. These results do not support a role for TLR4 in the response to conidia. Further studies of genes regulated only by Aspergillus conidia may be of interest in the exploration of the pathogenesis of Aspergillus infections in man.

• Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Landro, L; Damås, Jan Kristian; Damas, JK; Flo, Trude Helen & Heggelund, L [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2008). Decreased serum lipocalin-2 levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: increase during highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 152(1), p. 57–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03592.x.
• Smith, Camilla; Halvorsen, Bente ; Otterdal, Kari; Wæhre, Torgun; Yndestad, Arne & Fevang, Børre [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2008). High levels and inflammatory effects of soluble CXC ligand 16 (CXCL16) in coronary artery disease: down-regulatory effects of statins. Cardiovascular Research (CVR). ISSN 0008-6363. 79, p. 195–203. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvn071.
• Breland, Unni Mathilde; Halvorsen, Bente ; Hol, Johanna; Øie, Erik; Paulsson-Berne, G & Yndestad, Arne [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2008). A potential role of the CXC chemokine GRO alpha in atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization - Downregulatory effects of statins. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. ISSN 1079-5642. 28. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162305.
• Dahl, Christen Peder; Gullestad, Lars; Fevang, Børre; Holm, Are Martin; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland & Vinge, Leif Erik [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2008). Increased expression of LIGHT/TNFSF 14 and its receptors in experimental and clinical heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure. ISSN 1388-9842. 10, p. 352–359. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.02.010.
• Fevang, Børre; Yndestad, Arne; Sandberg, Wiggo Johan; Holm, Are Martin; Muller, Fredrik & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2007). Low numbers of regulatory T cells in common variable immunodeficiency: association with chronic inflammation in vivo. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 147. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03314.x.
• Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Yndestad, Arne; Skjelland, Mona; Øie, Erik; Dahl, Arve & Michelsen, Annika [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2007). Increased expression of visfatin in macrophages of human unstable carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: possible role in inflammation and plaque destabilization. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 115, p. 972–980. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.665893.
• Damås, Jan Kristian; Smith, Camilla; Øie, Erik; Fevang, Børre; Halvorsen, Bente & Waehre, Torgun [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2007). Enhanced expression of the homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 in clinical and experimental atherosclerosis - Possible pathogenic role in plaque destabilization. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. ISSN 1079-5642. 27, p. 614–620. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000255581.38523.7c.
• Bjerkeli, Vigdis; Damås, Jan Kristian; Fevang, Børre; Holter, JC; Aukrust, Pål & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2007). Increased expression of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, in Wegener's granulomatosis-possible role in vascular inflammation. Rheumatology. ISSN 1462-0324. 46, p. 1422–1427. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem168.
• Holm, Are Martin; Tjønnfjord, Geir Erland; Yndestad, Arne; Beiske, Klaus; Muller, Fredrik & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2006). Polyclonal expansion of large granular lymphocytes in common variable immunodeficiency - association with neutropenia. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 144, p. 418–424.
• Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Damås, Jan Kristian; Yndestad, Arne; Wæhre, Torgun; Ueland, Thor & Halvorsen, Bente [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2006). Chemokines in children with heterozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia - Selective upregulation of RANTES. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. ISSN 1079-5642. 26.
• Sandberg, Wiggo Johan; Yndestad, Arne; Øie, Erik; Smith, Camilla; Ueland, Thor & Ovchinnikova, Olga [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2006). Enhanced T-cell expression of RANK ligand in acute coronary syndrome - Possible role in plaque destabilization. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. ISSN 1079-5642. 26.
• Kvale, Dag; Ormaasen, V; Kran, AMB; Johansson, Carl Christian; Aukrust, Pål & Aandahl, Einar Martin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2006). Immune modulatory effects of cyclooxygenase type 2 inhibitors in HIV patients on combination antiretroviral treatment. AIDS (London). ISSN 0269-9370. 20.
• Wæhre, Torgun; Damås, Jan Kristian; Pedersen, Turid Margrethe; Gullestad, Lars; Yndestad, Arne & Andreassen, Arne K. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2006). Clopidogrel increases expression of chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary artery disease: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. ISSN 1538-7933. 4, p. 2140–2147.
• Ueland, Thor; Gullestad, Lars; Simonsen, Svein; Endresen, Knut; Scott, Helge & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2006). Decreased endomyocardial RANKL expression in transplant coronary artery disease. Transplantation. ISSN 0041-1337. 81(10), p. 1467–1470.
• Aukrust, Pål; Yndestad, Arne; Ueland, Thor; Damås, Jan Kristian; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Gullestad, Lars (2006). The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of chronic heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0167-5273. 112, p. 40–45.
• Yndestad, Arne; Vinge, Leif Erik; Bjørnerheim, Reidar; Ueland, Thor; Wang, Jacob Edward & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2006). Thalidomide attenuates the development of fibrosis during post-infarction myocardial remodelling in rats. European Journal of Heart Failure. ISSN 1388-9842. 8(8), p. 790–796.
• Smith, Camilla; Damås, Jan Kristian; Otterdal, Kari; Øie, Erik; Sandberg, Wiggo Johan & Yndestad, Arne [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2006). Increased levels of neutrophil-activating peptide-2 in acute coronary syndromes - Possible role of platelet-mediated vascular inflammation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ISSN 0735-1097. 48(8), p. 1591–1599.
• Ueland, Thor; Espevik, Terje; Kjekshus, John; Gullestad, Lars; Omland, Torbjørn & Squire, Iain B. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2006). Mannose binding lectin and soluble Toll-lilke receptor 2 in heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Cardiac Failure. ISSN 1071-9164. 12(8), p. 659–663. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.07.002.
• Aukrust, Pål; Luna, Luisa; Ueland, Thor; Johansen, Rune Forstrøm; Muller, Fredrik & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2005). Impaired base excision repair and accumulation of oxidative base lesions in CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected patients. Blood. ISSN 0006-4971. 105.
• Scholz, Hanne; Sandberg, Wiggo Johan; Damås, Jan Kristian; Smith, Camilla; Gullestad, Lars & Andreassen, Arne K. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2005). Enhanced plasma levels of LIGHT in unstable angina: possible pathogenic role in foam cell formation and thrombosis. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 114(14), p. 2121–2129.
• Torheim, Eirik Albert; Yndestad, Arne; Bjerkeli, Vigdis; Halvorsen, Bente Evy; Aukrust, Pål & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2005). Increased expression of chemokines in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis - modulating effects of methylprednisolone in vitro. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 140.
• Heggelund, L; Mollnes, TE; Espevik, Terje; Muller, F; Kristiansen, KI & Aukrust, P [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2005). Modulatory effect of mannose-binding lectin on cytokine responses: roles in HIV infection. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 35, p. 765–770.
• Gullestad, Lars; Ueland, Thor; Fjeld, Jan Gunnar; Holt, Even; Gundersen, Torstein & Breivik, Kjell [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2005). Effect of thalidomide on cardiac remodeling in chronic heart failure: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 112, p. 3408–3414.
• Ueland, Thor; Aukrust, Pål; Yndestad, Arne; Otterdal, Kari; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Dickstein, Kenneth [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2005). Soluble CD40 ligand in acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 26(11), p. 1101–1107.
• Ueland, Thor; Yndestad, Arne; Øie, Erik; Florholmen, Geir; Halvorsen, Bente & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2005). Dysregulated osteoprotegerin/RANK ligand/RANK axis in clinical and experimental heart failure. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 111(19), p. 2461–2468.
• Ueland, Thor; Kjekshus, John; Frøland, Stig Sophus; Omland, Torbjørn; Squire, Iain B & Gullestad, Lars [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2005). Plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I during the acute phase following complicated myocardial infarction predicts survival in high-risk patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ISSN 0735-1097. 46(11), p. 2018–2021.
• Fevang, Børre; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Holm, Are Martin; Ueland, Thor; Heggelund, Lars & Damås, Jan Kristian [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2005). Common variable immunodeficiency and the complement system; low mannose-binding lectin levels are associated with bronchiectasis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 142(3), p. 576–584.
• Fiane, Arnt E; Ueland, Thor; Simonsen, Svein; Scott, Helge; Endresen, Knut & Gullestad, Lars [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2005). Low mannose-binding lectin and increased complement activation correlate to allograft vasculopathy, ischaemia, and rejection after human heart transplantation. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 26(16), p. 1660–1665.
• Ueland, Thor; Aukrust, Pål; Yndestad, Arne; Otterdal, Kari; Frøland, Stig S. & Dickstein, Kenneth [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2005). Soluble CD40 ligand in acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 26, p. 1101–1117. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi132.
• Heggelund, Lars; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Espevik, Terje; Muller, Fredrik; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2005). Modulatory effect of mannose-binding lectin on cytokine responses: possible roles in HIV infection. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 35, p. 765–770. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01579.
• Holm, Are Martin; Aukrust, Pål; Damås, Jan Kristian; Muller, Fredrik; Halvorsen, Bente & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2005). Abnormal interleukin-7 function in common variable immunodeficiency. Blood. ISSN 0006-4971. 105(7), p. 2887–2890.
• Sigstad, Hanne Marie Høybråten; Sigstad, Hanne Marie Høybråten Sigstad; Stray-Pedersen, Asbjørg & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2005). Coping, quality of life, and hope in adults with Primary antibody deficiencies. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 3(31). doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-3-31. Show summary

  (HIGHLY ACCESSED) Background Living with a chronic disease, such as primary antibody deficiency, will often have consequences for quality of life. Previous quality-of-life studies in primary antibody deficiency patients have been limited to different treatment methods. We wanted to study how adults with primary antibody deficiencies manage their conditions and to identify factors that are conducive to coping, good quality of life and hope. Methods Questionnaires were sent to all patients ≥20 years of age with primary antibody deficiencies who were served by Rikshospitalet University Hospital. The questionnaires consisted of several standardized scales: Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS), Nowotny Hope Scale (NHS), and one scale we devised with questions about resources and pressures in the past. Of a total of 91, 55 patients (aged 23–76 years) answered the questionnaires. The questionnaire study were supplemented with selected interviews of ten extreme cases, five with low and five with high quality of life scores. Results Among the 55 patients, low quality of life scores were related to unemployment, infections in more than four organs, more than two additional diseases, or more than two specific occurrences of stress in the last 2–3 months. Persons with selective IgA deficiency had significantly higher QLI scores than those with other antibody deficiencies. An optimistic coping style was most frequent used, and hope values were moderately high. Based on the interviews, the patients could be divided into three groups: 1) low QLI scores, low hope values, and reduced coping, 2) low QLI scores, moderate hope values, and good coping, and 3) high QLI scores, moderate to strong hope values, and good coping. Coping was related to the patients' sense of closeness and competence. Conclusion Low quality of life scores in adults with primary antibody deficiencies were linked to unemployment and disease-related strains. Closeness and competence were preconditions for coping, quality of life and hope. The results are valuable in planning care for this patient group.

• Yndestad, Arne; Ueland, Thor; Øie, Erik; Florholmen, Geir; Halvorsen, Bente & Attramadal, Håvard [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2004). Elevated levels of activin A in heart failure - Potential role in myocardial remodeling. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 109, p. 1379–1385.
• Johansson, Carl Christian; Bryn, Tone; Yndestad, Arne; Eiken, Hans Geir; Bjerkeli, Vigdis & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2004). Cytokine networks are pre-activated in T cells from HIV-infected patients on HAART and are under the control of cAMP. AIDS (London). ISSN 0269-9370. 18, p. 171–179.
• Damås, Jan Kristian; Otterdal, Kari; Yndestad, Arne; Aass, Halfdan; Solum, Nils Olav & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2004). Soluble CD40 ligand in pulmonary arterial hypertension - Possible pathogenic role of the interaction between platelets and endothelial cells. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 110, p. 999–1005.
• Heggelund, L; Damås, Jan Kristian; Damas, JK; Yndestad, A; Holm, AM & Muller, F [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2004). Stimulation of toll-like receptor 2 in mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients induces chemokine responses: possible pathogenic consequences. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 138(1), p. 116–121.
• Heggelund, L; Muller, F; Lien, E; Yndestad, A; Ueland, T & Kristiansen, KI [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2004). Increased expression of Toll-like receptor 2 on monocytes in HIV infection: Possible roles in inflammation and viral replication. Clinical Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1058-4838. 39, p. 264–269.
• Fredriksen, Jannicke; Ueland, Thor; Dyrøy, E; Halvorsen, Bente; Melby, K & Melbye, L [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2004). Lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of tetradecylthioacetic acid in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 34(10), p. 709–715.
• Bjerkeli, Vigdis; Halvorsen, Bente; Damås, Jan Kristian; Nordøy, Ingvild; Yndestad, Arne & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. ISSN 0003-4967. 63(12), p. 1659–1663.
• Holm, Are Martin; Sivertsen, Einar; Tunheim, SH; Haug, T; Bjerkeli, Vigdis & Yndestad, Arne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2004). Gene expression analysis of peripheral T cells in a subgroup of common variable immunodeficiency shows predominance of CCR7(-) effector-memory T cells. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 138, p. 278–289.
• Wæhre, Torgun; Damås, Jan Kristian; Yndestad, Arne; Tasken, Kjetil; Pedersen, Turid Margrethe & Smith, Camilla [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2004). Effect of activated platelets on expression of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells - potential role of prostaglandin E2. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. ISSN 0340-6245. 92(6), p. 1358–1367.
• Laake, JH; Bergmann, JB; Riddervold, F; Bjørneklett, Arvid; Aukrust, Pål & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2004). Bør sepsispasienter behandles med aktivert protein C? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001.
• Laake, JH; Bergmann, JB; Riddervold, F; Bjørneklett, Arvid; Aukrust, Pål & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2004). Aktivert protein C og behandling av sepsis. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 124, p. 1422–1423.
• Heggelund, Lars; Flo, T; Berg, K; Lien, T; Mollnes, TE & Ueland, Thor [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2004). Soluble toll-like receptor 2 in HIV infection: association with disease progression. AIDS (London). ISSN 0269-9370. 18, p. 2437–2439.
• Smith, Camilla; Yndestad, Arne; Halvorsen, Bente; Ueland, Thor; Wæhre, Torgun & Otterdal, Kari [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2004). Potential anti-inflammatory role of activin A in acute coronary syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ISSN 0735-1097. 44, p. 369–375.
• Johansson, Carl Christian; Bryn, Tone; Aandahl, Einar Martin; Areklett, Maria; Aukrust, Pål & Tasken, Kjetil [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2004). Treatment with type-2 selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors improves T-cell proliferation in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (London). ISSN 0269-9370. 18, p. 951–952.
• Wæhre, Torgun; Yndestad, Arne; Smith, Camilla; Haug, Terje; Tunheim, Siv Haugen & Gullestad, Lars [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2004). Increased expression of interleukin-1 in coronary artery disease with downregulatory effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 109, p. 1966–1972.
• Holm, Torbjørn; Damås, Jan Kristian; Holven, Kirsten Bjørklund; Nordøy, Ingvild; Brosstad, Frank Roger & Ueland, Thor [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2003). CXC-chemokines in coronary artery disease: possible pathogenic role of interactions between oxidized low-density lipoprotein, platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. ISSN 1538-7933. 1(2), p. 257–262.
• Semb, Anne G; Wissen van, S.; Ueland, Thor; Smilde, T.; Wæhre, Torgun & Tripp, M.D. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2003). Raised serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia; downregulatory effects of statin therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ISSN 0735-1097. 41, p. 275–279.
• Wæhre, Torgun; Damås, Jan Kristian; Gullestad, Lars; Holm, Are Martin; Pedersen, Terje Rolf & Arnesen, Kjell E [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2003). Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors down-regulate chemokines and chomokine receptors in patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ISSN 0735-1097. 41(9), p. 1460–1467.
• Heggelund, Lars; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Ueland, Thor; Christophersen, Bjørn; Aukrust, Pål & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2003). Mannose-Binding Lectin in HIV Infection: Relation to Disease Progression and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS. ISSN 1077-9450. 32(4), p. 354–361.
• Ueland, Thor; Sikkeland, Liv Ingunn Bjoner; Yndestad, Arne; Eiken, Hans Geir; Holm, Torbjørn & Guevara, Cecilia [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2003). Myocardial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines after heart transplantation in relation to the development of transplant coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology. ISSN 0002-9149. 92, p. 715–717.
• Stylianou, Eva; Bjerkeli, Vigdis; Yndestad, Arne; Heggelund, Lars; Wæhre, Torgun & Damås, Jan Kristian [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2003). Raised serum levels of interleukin-18 is associated with disease progression and may contribute to virological treatment failure in HIV-1-infected patients. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 132, p. 462–466.
• Aukrust, Pål; Aukrust, Pål; Wergedahl, H; Muller, Fredrik; Muller, H & Ueland, Thor [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2003). Immunomodulating effects of 3-thia fatty acids in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 33, p. 426–433.
• Yndestad, Arne; Holm, Are Martin; Muller, Fredrik; Simonsen, Svein; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Gullestad, Lars [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2003). Enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation markers in T-cells from patients with chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular Research (CVR). ISSN 0008-6363. 60(1), p. 141–146.

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• Frøland, Stig Sophus (2014). AIDS-epidemien - Nederlag, seire og nye utfordringer. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-05-46366-0. 292 p.
• Frøland, Stig Sophus (2004). Immunmodulerende midler. Foreningen for utgivelse av norsk legemiddelhåndbok. 16 p.
• Frøland, Stig Sophus (2004). Immunsykdommer og transplantasjon. Foreningen for utgivelse av norsk legemiddelhåndbok. 6 p.

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• Saugstad, Jens; Frøland, Stig Sophus; Madsen, Kjell; Matlary, Janne Haaland; Sirevåg, Reidun & Preus, Inger Julie Nygaard (2018). Avkoloniseringsdebatten truer universitetene. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Saugstad, Jens (2017). Malplassert toleranse (svar til rektoratet ved UiO om nasjonalt forbud mot ansiktsdekkende plagg). Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Frøland, Stig Sophus (2014). Når tvang er nødvendig. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 134(14). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0795.
• Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Ueland, Thor; Otterdal, Kari; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Aukrust, Pål (2011). Persistently raised plasma levels of platelet-derived inflammatory mediators in HIV-infected patients during highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. ISSN 1538-7933. 9(5), p. 1075–1077. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04242.x.
• Bækken, Morten; MANNER, INGJERD W; Ueland, Thor; Frøland, Stig Sophus; Os, Ingrid & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Osteoprotegrin and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Are Associated With Microalbuminuria in Nontreated HIV-Infected Patients. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. ISSN 1525-4135. 53(3), p. 419–420. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ba4101.
• Bryn, Tone; Mahic, Milada; Aandahl, Einar Martin; Frøland, Stig Sophus; Aukrust, Pål & Tasken, Kjetil (2008). Inhibition of protein kinase A improves effector function of monocytes from HIV-infected patients. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. ISSN 0889-2229. 24(7), p. 1013–1015. doi: 10.1089/aid.2008.0071.
• Breland, Unni Mathilde; Halvorsen, Bente ; Hol, Johanna; Øie, Erik; Yndestad, Arne & Smith, Camilla [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2008). Enhanced expression of the chemokine CXCL1 in atherosclerotic disorders, down-regulatory effects of statin.
• Gregersen, Stina; Aaløkken, Trond M; Mynarek, Georg; Kongerud, Johny; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Johansen, Bjørn (2007). High resolution computer tomography and pulmonary function in common variable immunodeficiency.
• Gregersen, Stina; Kongerud, Johny; Aukrust, Pål; Frøland, Stig Sophus & Johansen, Bjørn (2006). Immunoglobulin treatment with recommended dosage does not prevent deterioration in lung function in primary hypogammaglobulinemia.
• Damås, Jan Kristian; Otterdal, Kari; Yndestad, Arne; Aass, Halfdan; Solum, Nils Olav & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2004). Soluble CD40 ligand in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Possible pathogenic role of interaction between platelets and endothelial cells. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. ISSN 0735-1097. 43, p. 503A–503A.
• Syse, Aslak; Brumoen, Trine Kjus; Fangen, Kim; Frøland, Stig Sophus; Hofmann, Bjørn & Hognerud, Inger-Lise [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2012). Om kjærlighet og kjøletårn: strafferettslige spørsmål ved alvorlige smittsomme sykdommer. 07 Xpress AS. ISSN 978-82-583-1155-0.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2011). Immunopathogenesis of infections with Aspergillus fumigatus. Unipub forlag. ISSN 978-82-8072-559-2.
• Fevang, Børre & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2010). Profound Perturbation – Immunopathological Mechanisms in Common variable immunodeficency. Unipub forlag.
• Kornør, Hege; Hammerstrøm, Karianne Thune; Brurberg, Kjetil Gundro; Gjertsen, Marianne Klemp & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2008). Immunomodulatory treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin. Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten. ISSN 978-82-8121-207-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The objective of this report was to summarise clinically relevant effects of immunomodulatory treatments with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). We searched systematically for systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of IVIG for autoimmune diseases and other conditions causing harmful immunological and inflammatory reactions. The searches were performed in the international databases Cochrane Library and Centre for Review and Dissemination Database. We were interested in systematic reviews that compared IVIG with other interventions, no intervention or placebo. Two reviewers assessed inclusion criteria and methodological quality independently. We also rated our confidence in the effect estimates. The literature search identified 254 unique references. Of these, 11 systematic reviews met our inclusion criteria. All the included reviews had high methodological quality. They focused on the following indications for IVIG: dermatomyositis/polymyositis, carditis in rheumatic fever, myasthenia gravis, haemolytic disease in neonates, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Kawasaki disease in children, acute myocarditis, sepsis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy. Well documented effects of immunomodulatory treatments with IVIG were reduced risk of coronary artery abnormalities the first 30 days after treatment of children with Kawasaki disease, and improvements in disability in CIDP patients. It was also well documented that IVIG and plasma exchange have equivalent effectiveness for GBS. There is a need for further research on several of the included indications for IVIG. Further, many of the included systematic reviews need to be updated. It would also be of interest to summarise randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of IVIG for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), for which IVIG is a commonly used intervention.

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