Pål Zeiner

• Ingeborgrud, Christine Baalsrud; Oerbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Pripp, Are Hugo; Zeiner, Pål & Aase, Heidi [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Do maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms predict anxiety in children with and without ADHD at 8 years? European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02374-1.
• Brager-Larsen, Anne Trana; Zeiner, Pål & Mehlum, Lars (2023). DSM-5 Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Disorder in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents with Recurrent Self-Harm Behavior. Archives of Suicide Research. ISSN 1381-1118. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2192767. Full text in Research Archive
• Ingeborgrud, Christine Baalsrud; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Zeiner, Pål; Pripp, Are Hugo & Aase, Heidi [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Anxiety and depression from age 3 to 8 years in children with and without ADHD symptoms. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42412-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvergaard, Kristin; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Pripp, Are Hugo; Aase, Heidi & Biele, Guido [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Early and repeated screening detects children with persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02284-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Melinder, Annika Maria Désirée; Brænden, Astrid Irene; Lebena, Andrea; Faresjø, Åshild Olsen; Theodorson, Elvar & Coldevin, Marit [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). The psychobiology of child and parental stress and the subjective perception of parental stress in a clinical sample of children. in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 2813-4540. 2, p. 1–11. doi: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1173317. Full text in Research Archive
• Brænden, Astrid Irene; Lebena, Andrea; Faresjö, Åshild; Theodorsson, Elvar; Coldevin, Marit Melnæs & Stubberud, Jan Egil [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Excessive hair cortisol concentration as an indicator of psychological disorders in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology. ISSN 0306-4530. 157. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106363. Full text in Research Archive
• Brager-Larsen, Anne Trana; Zeiner, Pål & Mehlum, Lars (2023). Sub-threshold or full-syndrome borderline personality disorder in adolescents with recurrent self-harm – distinctly or dimensionally different? Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation (BPDED). ISSN 2051-6673. 10(1). doi: 10.1186/s40479-023-00234-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Hall, Amber M.; Keil, Alexander P.; Choi, Giehae; Ramos, Amanda M.; Richardson, David B. & Olshan, Andrew F. [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Prenatal organophosphate ester exposure and executive function in Norwegian preschoolers. Environmental Epidemiology. ISSN 2474-7882. 7(3), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000251. Full text in Research Archive
• Coldevin, Marit Melnæs; Brænden, Astrid; Zeiner, Pål; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Melinder, Annika Maria Désirée & Stubberud, Jan Egil (2023). Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in a Norwegian Clinical Child Population. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-1045. doi: 10.1177/13591045231176928.
• Brænden, Astrid; Coldevin, Marit Melnæs; Zeiner, Pål; Stubberud, Jan Egil & Melinder, Annika Maria Désirée (2023). Neuropsychological mechanisms of social difficulties in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder versus oppositional defiant disorder. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence. ISSN 0929-7049. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2205632. Full text in Research Archive
• Brænden, Astrid; Coldevin, Marit Melnæs; Zeiner, Pål; Stubberud, Jan Egil & Melinder, Annika Maria Désirée (2023). Executive function in children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder compared to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, and in children with different irritability levels. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. 33(1), p. 115–125. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02143-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Hall, Amber M.; Ramos, Amanda M.; Drover, Samantha S. M.; Choi, Giehae; Keil, Alexander P. & Richardson, David B. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Gestational organophosphate ester exposure and preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. ISSN 1438-4639. 248. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114078. Full text in Research Archive
• Hall, Amber M.; Thistle, Jake E.; Manley, Cherrel K.; Roell, Kyle R.; Ramos, Amanda M. & Villanger, Gro Dehli [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure at 17 Weeks’ Gestation and Odds of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(24). doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416851. Full text in Research Archive
• Engel, Stephanie M.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Herring, Amy; Nethery, Rachel C.; Drover, Samantha S. M. & Zoeller, R. Thomas [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Gestational thyroid hormone concentrations and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. ISSN 0269-5022. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12941. Full text in Research Archive
• Manley, Cherrel K.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Thomsen, Cathrine; Cequier Mancineiras, Enrique; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(13), p. 1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138148. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvergaard, Kristin; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Pripp, Are Hugo; Aase, Heidi & Biele, Guido [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from preschool to school age: change and stability of parent and teacher reports. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. doi: 10.1007/s00787-022-02019-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Thistle, Jake E.; Ramos, Amanda; Roell, Kyle R.; Choi, Giehae; Manley, Cherrel K. & Hall, Amber M. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and executive function in preschool-aged children in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Environmental Research. ISSN 0013-9351. 212(Part D). doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113555. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) has been associated with neurodevelopmental deficits in children, however evidence linking OPPs with specific cognitive mechanisms, such as executive function (EF), is limited. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to OPPs with multiple measures of EF in preschool-aged children, while considering the role of variant alleles in OPP metabolism genes. Methods: We included 262 children with preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 78 typically developing children, from the Preschool ADHD substudy of the Norwegian, Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Participants who gave birth between 2004 and 2008 were invited to participate in an on-site clinical assessment when the child was approximately 3.5 years; measurements of EF included parent and teacher rating on Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P), and three performance-based assessments. We measured OPP metabolites in maternal urines collected at ∼17 weeks' gestation to calculate total dimethyl- (ΣDMP) and diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) metabolite concentrations. We estimated multivariable adjusted β's and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) corresponding to a change in z-score per unit increase in log-ΣDMP/DEP. We further characterized gene-OPP interactions for maternal variants in PON1 (Q192R, M55L), CYP1A2 (1548T > C), CYP1A1 (IntG > A) and CYP2A6 (-47A > C). Results: Prenatal OPP metabolite concentrations were associated with worse parent and teacher ratings of emotional control, inhibition, and working memory. A one log-∑DMP increase was associated with poorer teacher ratings of EF on the BRIEF-P (e.g. emotional control domain: β = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.74), when weighted to account for sampling procedures. We found less consistent associations with performance-based EF assessments. We found some evidence of modification for PON1 Q192R and CYP2A6 -47A > C. Association with other variants were inconsistent. Conclusions: Biomarkers of prenatal OPP exposure were associated with more adverse teacher and parent ratings of EF in preschool-aged children.

• Biele, Guido; Lekhal, Ratib; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Wang, Mari Vaage; Brandlistuen, Ragnhild Eek & Friis, Svein [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). The effect of special educational assistance in early childhood education and care on psycho-social difficulties in elementary school children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health (CAPMH). ISSN 1753-2000. 16. doi: 10.1186/s13034-022-00442-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Brager-Larsen, Anne Trana; Zeiner, Pål; Klungsøyr, Ole & Mehlum, Lars (2022). Is age of self-harm onset associated with increased frequency of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in adolescent outpatients? BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03712-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Biele, Guido; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Friis, Svein; Zeiner, Pål & Aase, Heidi (2022). Cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of preschoolers with attention deficit hyperactivity problems. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03638-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Brænden, Astrid; Zeiner, Pål; Coldevin, Marit; Stubberud, Jan Egil & Melinder, Annika Maria Désirée (2022). Underlying mechanisms of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in children: A systematic review by means of research domain criteria. JCPP Advances. ISSN 2692-9384. 2, p. 1–24. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12060. Full text in Research Archive
• Kamai, Elizabeth M.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Nethery, Rachel C.; Thomsen, Cathrine; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Drover, Samantha S.M. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Gestational Phthalate Exposure and Preschool Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Norway. Environmental Epidemiology. ISSN 2474-7882. 5(4). doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000161. Full text in Research Archive
• Ørbeck, Beate; Øhre, Beate; Zeiner, Pål; Pripp, Are Hugo; Wagner, Karine & Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig (2021). What can a national patient registry tell us about psychiatric disorders and reasons for referral to outpatient services in youth with hearing loss? Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0803-9488. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1979095. Full text in Research Archive
• Overgaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Wagner, Karine; Friis, Svein; Øhre, Beate & Zeiner, Pål (2021). Youth with hearing loss: Emotional and behavioral problems and quality of life. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. ISSN 0165-5876. 145. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110718.
• Choi, Giehae; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Drover, Samantha S.M.; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Thomsen, Cathrine & Nethery, Rachel C. [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Prenatal phthalate exposures and executive function in preschool children. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 149. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106403. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Pripp, Are Hugo; Aase, Heidi & Zeiner, Pål (2021). Predictive validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from ages 3 to 5 Years. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. 31, p. 1093–1102. doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01750-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We investigated to what extent parent-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairment at age 3 years predicted elevated ADHD symptoms at age 5 years, and whether teacher-rated ADHD symptoms improved these predictions. This study is part of the longitudinal, population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Parents of 3-year-old children (n = 1195) were interviewed about ADHD and impairment, and teachers rated child ADHD symptoms by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or the Early Childhood Inventory-4. At 5 years of age, the children (n = 957) were classified as ADHD-positive or -negative using Conners’ Parent Rating Scale. Relying solely on parent-rated ADHD or impairment at age 3 years did moderately well in identifying children with persistent elevation of ADHD symptoms, but gave many false positives (positive predictive values (PPVs): .40–.57). A small group of children (n = 20, 13 boys) scored above cut-off on both parent-rated ADHD and impairment, and teacher-rated ADHD symptoms, although adding teacher-rated ADHD symptoms slightly weakened the predictive power for girls. For this small group, PPVs were .76 for boys and .64 for girls. Limiting follow-up to these few children will miss many children at risk for ADHD. Therefore, we recommend close monitoring also of children with parent-reported ADHD symptoms and/or impairment to avoid delay in providing interventions. Clinicians should also be aware that teachers may miss ADHD symptoms in preschool girls.

• Øie, Merete Glenne; Sundet, Kjetil Søren; Haug, Elisabeth; Zeiner, Pål; Klungsøyr, Ole & Rund, Bjørn Rishovd (2021). Cognitive Performance in Early-Onset Schizophrenia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 25-Year Follow-up Study . Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606365. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are early- onset neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive deficits. The current study represents the first attempt to compare these groups on a comprehensive cognitive test battery in a longitudinal design over 25 years in order to enhance our knowledge of particular patterns resulting from the interaction between normal maturational processes and different illness processes of these disorders. In the baseline study, 19 adolescents with schizophrenia were compared to 20 adolescents with ADHD and 30 healthy controls (HC), all between 12 and 18 years of age. After 13 years (T2) and after 25 years (T3) they were re-evaluated with the cognitive test battery. A cognitive Composite Score was used in a linear mixed model. The EOS group had a significant cognitive stagnation or deterioration from T1 to T2 compared to HC. However, the EOS group had the most positive change from T2 to T3, supporting a stable level of cognitive performance over the 25 year span. The ADHD group improved or had similar development as the HC group from T1 to T2. They continued to improve significantly compared to the HC group from T2 to T3. Individuals in the EOS group performed more impaired on the cognitive composite score compared to the HC group and the ADHD group at all three time points. Results might indicate a neurodevelopmental pathway of EOS with subnormal cognitive development specific in adolescence. In comparison, the ADHD group had a more consistent cognitive maturation supporting a maturational delay hypothesis of ADHD.

• Ørbeck, Beate; Furu, Kari; Zeiner, Pål; Aase, Heidi; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Pripp, Are Hugo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Child and Parental Characteristics of Medication Use for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. ISSN 1044-5463. 30(7), p. 456–464. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0019. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Gro Dehli; Drover, Samantha S.M.; Nethery, Rachel C.; Thomsen, Cathrine; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Associations between urine phthalate metabolites and thyroid function in pregnant women and the influence of iodine status. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 137. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105509. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogheim, Thea Steen; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Weyde, Kjell Vegard Fjeldheim; Engel, Stephanie M.; Suren, Pål & Øie, Merete Glenne [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2019). Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and associations with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cognitive functions in preschool children. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. ISSN 1438-4639. 223(1), p. 80–92. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.10.003. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Biele, Guido; Pripp, Are Hugo & Aase, Heidi [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Screening With an ADHD-Specific Rating Scale in Preschoolers: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Early Childhood Inventory-4. Psychological Assessment. ISSN 1040-3590. 31(8), p. 985–994. doi: 10.1037/pas0000722. Full text in Research Archive
• Torgalsbøen, Bendik Rund; Zeiner, Pål & Øie, Merete Glenne (2019). Pre-attention and working memory in ADHD: A 25-year follow-up study. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. doi: 10.1177/1087054719879491. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the development of working memory and preliminary stages of attentional processing in individuals with ADHD over a 23- to 25-year period. Method: Individuals with ADHD (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 26) were followed up after 13 years (T2) and 23 to 25 years (T3) after initial assessment (T1). They were reassessed with diagnostic measures and the Backward masking task (pre-attention) and the Digit span distractibility test with and without distraction conditions (working memory). Results: The ADHD group performed below the healthy controls on all time points on the Digit span distractibility test. On the distractibility condition, we found a selective decline in performance from T2 to T3 for the ADHD group. Conclusion: The results highlight that ADHD individuals continue to display working memory deficits, also in adulthood, thus creating an imperative for cognitive rehabilitation techniques to help address attention difficulties. KEYWORDS: ADHD; longitudinal; neurodevelopment; pre-attention; working memory

• Ørbeck, Beate; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Pripp, Are Hugo; Aase, Heidi; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Zeiner, Pål (2019). Adult ADHD Symptoms and Satisfaction With Life: Does Age and Sex Matter? Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 23(1), p. 3–11. doi: 10.1177/1087054715612257. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective:To investigate adult ADHD symptoms and satisfaction with life, with a focus on age and sex differences. Method: This study is based on parents in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The Adult Self- Report Scale (ASRS-6) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) scores were analyzed from 33,210 men and 41,983 women from young to middle adulthood. Results: Mean ASRS total score was significantly higher in men, where 5.1% scored above cutoff, compared with 2.9% in women. Factor loadings supported the two ASRS subscales: Inattention (Inatt) and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (HyImp) in both sexes. A significant decline with age was found on HyImp, whereas Inatt scores were reasonably stable in men and u-curved in women. High ASRS scores were associated with lower SWLS, but poor satisfaction with life was found only in high-scoring women. Conclusion: Our findings suggest caution to age and sex when using the ASRS-6.

• Suren, Pål; Thorstensen, Anne Gjertrud; Tørstad, Marit; Emhjellen, Petter Espeseth; Furu, Kari & Biele, Guido [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Diagnostikk av hyperkinetisk forstyrrelse hos barn i Norge. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0418. Full text in Research Archive
• Drover, Samantha S.M.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Aase, Heidi; Skogheim, Thea Steen; Longnecker, Matthew P. & Zoeller, R. Thomas [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2018). Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy or neonatal thyroid function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Epidemiology. ISSN 1044-3983. 30(1), p. 130–144. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000937.
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Pripp, Are Hugo; Biele, Guido & Aase, Heidi [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschoolers: The Accuracy of a Short Screener. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 0890-8567. 57(6), p. 428–435. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.008. Full text in Research Archive
• Engel, Stephanie M.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Nethery, Rachel C.; Thomsen, Cathrine; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Drover, Samantha S.M. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Prenatal Phthalates, Maternal Thyroid Function, and Risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. ISSN 0091-6765. 126(5). doi: 10.1289/EHP2358. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Aase, Heidi; Torgersen, Svenn; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Zeiner, Pål (2018). Emotional Lability in Preschoolers With Symptoms of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 22(8), p. 787–795. doi: 10.1177/1087054715576342. Show summary

  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine occurrence of emotional lability (EL) in preschoolers with ADHD symptoms versus controls. METHOD: The study was part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. In the present study, 495 preschoolers were clinically examined. Symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were measured with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment Interview. An EL measure was obtained from the Emotional Control subscale of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P), which parents and teachers completed. RESULTS: EL was significantly more frequent in the ADHD group compared with controls (25% vs. 7%, p < .001). By parent report, EL correlated significantly with ADHD-, anxiety-, and ODD symptoms. By teacher report, EL was significantly correlated only with hyperactivity-impulsivity. CONCLUSION: EL appears identifiable in young preschoolers and was particularly associated with ODD in children with ADHD symptoms.

• Villanger, Gro Dehli; Learner, Emily; Longnecker, Matthew P; Ask, Helga; Aase, Heidi & Zoeller, R. Thomas [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Effects of Sample Handling and Analytical Procedures on Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Pregnant Women's Plasma. Epidemiology. ISSN 1044-3983. 28(3), p. 365–369. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000606.
• Ørbeck, Beate; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Pripp, Are Hugo; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Aase, Heidi & Zeiner, Pål (2017). Early predictors of ADHD: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort . Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 24(12), p. 1685–1692. doi: 10.1177/1087054717696765. Show summary

  Objective: To identify preschool predictors of registered ADHD diagnoses and compare two ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R:S). Method: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) is a prospective population-based cohort study. The sample were singletons whose mothers responded to MoBa questionnaires at child age 3 years (n = 57,986) and 5 years (n = 32,377). ADHD diagnoses were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Register. Predictors were child gender, development and symptoms, and maternal ADHD symptoms. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: In all final models, ADHD symptoms at age 3 and 5 years predicted later ADHD: Age 3, CBCL: hazard ratio (HR) = 3.23 (CI [2.59, 4.02]); age 5, CBCL: HR = 10.30 (CI [7.44, 14.26]); and age 5 CPRS-R:S: HR = 5.92 (CI [4.95, 7.07]). Conclusion: The findings underline the importance of taking early parent-reported symptoms seriously. Both rating scales were useful for predicting ADHD.

• Ørbeck, Beate; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Aspenes, Stian Thoresen; Pripp, Are Hugo; Mørdre, Marianne & Aase, Heidi [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). ADHD, comorbid disorders and psychosocial functioning: How representative is a child cohort study? Findings from a national patient registry. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 17:23. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1204-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Bendiksen, Bothild; Svensson, Elisabeth; Aase, Heidi; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Friis, Svein & Myhre, Anne Margrethe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Co-Occurrence of ODD and CD in Preschool Children With Symptoms of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 21(9), p. 741–752. doi: 10.1177/1087054714538655.
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Aase, Heidi; Torgersen, Svenn & Zeiner, Pål (2016). Co-Occurrence of ADHD and Anxiety in Preschool Children. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 20(7), p. 573–580. doi: 10.1177/1087054712463063.
• Skogan, Annette Holth; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Baumgartner, Nina; Urnes, Anne-Margrethe; Ørbeck, Beate & Aase, Heidi [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Eksekutiv funksjon i tidlig førskolealder-funn fra den norske ADHD-studien. Nevropsykologi : Medlemsblad for Norsk Nevropsykologisk Forening. ISSN 1500-8347. 18(1), p. 4–13.
• Caspersen, Ida Henriette; Aase, Heidi; Biele, Guido; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Haugen, Alice Margaretha & Kvalem, Helen Engelstad [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2016). The influence of maternal dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs during pregnancy on ADHD symptoms and cognitive functions in Norwegian preschool children. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 94, p. 649–660. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.033.
• Holth Skogan, Annette; Egeland, Jens; Zeiner, Pål; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF-P) at age three years. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence. ISSN 0929-7049. 22(4), p. 472–492. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2014.992401. Show summary

  The preschool period is an important developmental period for the emergence of cognitive self-regulatory skills or executive functions (EF). To date, evidence regarding the structure of EF in preschool children has supported both unitary and multicomponentmodels. The aimof the present study was to test the factor structure of early EF as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version (BRIEF-P). BRIEF-P consists of five subscales and three broader indexes, hypothesized to tap into different subcomponents of EF. Parent ratings of EF from a nonreferred sample of children recruited from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (N = 1134; age range 37–47 months) were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Three theoretically derived models were assessed; the secondorder three-factor model originally proposed by the BRIEF-P authors, a “true” first-order one-factor model and a second-order one-factor model. CFA fit statistics supported the original three-factor solution. However, the difference in fit was marginal between this model and the second-order one-factor model. A follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported the existence of several factors underlying EF in early preschool years, with a considerable overlap with the five BRIEF-P subscales. Our results suggest that some differentiation in EF has taken place at age 3 years, which is reflected in behavior ratings. The internal consistency of the BRIEF-P five clinical subscales is supported. Subscale interrelations may, however, differ at this age from those observed in the preschool group as a whole. Keywords: Executive function; BRIEF-P; Preschool; Factor analysis; Development.

• Bendiksen, Bothild; Aase, Heidi; Diep, Lien My; Svensson, Elisabeth; Friis, Svein & Zeiner, Pål (2015). The Associations Between Pre- and Postnatal Maternal Symptoms of Distress and Preschooler's Symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Anxiety. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. doi: 10.1177/1087054715616185. Show summary

  Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the associations between pre- and postnatal maternal distress and preschooler’s symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and anxiety, by timing and gender. Method: Children, aged 3.5 years (N = 1,195), recruited from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, were assessed with a semistructured parental psychiatric interview. Perinatal maternal symptoms of distress were assessed by Symptom Checklist (SCL-5); Poisson regression was used to examine the associations. Results: Mid-gestational maternal distress significantly increased the average number of child symptoms, ranging between 3.8% for ADHD hyperactive–impulsive (ADHD-HI) and 8.7% for anxiety. The combination of high maternal scores of distress both pre- and postnatally were associated with increased risk of child symptoms of anxiety (relative risk [RR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.43, 3.07]), CD (RR = 1.83; 95% CI = [1.33, 2.51]), and ODD (RR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.03, 1.64]), with minor sex differences. Conclusion: Maternal distress during mid-gestation was associated with ADHD, behavioral, and emotional symptoms in preschool children. Continued exposure into the postnatal period may further increase these risk associations .

• Guidry, Virginia T.; Longnecker, Matthew P.; Aase, Heidi; Eggesbø, Merete Åse; Zeiner, Pål & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). Measurement of total and free urinary phenol and paraben concentrations over the course of pregnancy: assessing reliability and contamination of specimens in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. ISSN 0091-6765. 123(7), p. 705–711. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408325. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogen, Annette; Zeiner, Pål; Egeland, Jens; Urnes, Anne-Margrethe; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2015). Parent ratings of executive function in young preschool children with symptoms of attention-deficit/-hyperactivity disorder. Behavioral and Brain Functions. ISSN 1744-9081. 11. doi: 10.1186/s12993-015-0060-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Annette Skogen heter egentlig Annette Skogan men hun er feilregistrert i navne databasen og den er vanskelig å endre i cristin når en person er registrert med P-nummer. 15.02.16 Ørjan Berg Anne-Margrethe Urnes er det fulle navnet til Anne-Grethe Urnes. Får ikke endret navn. 17.02.16 Ingvild Follestad

• Zayats, Tetyana; Athanasiu, Lavinia; Sønderby, Ida Elken; Djurovic, Srdjan; Westlye, Lars Tjelta & Tamnes, Christian Krog [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2015). Genome-wide analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Norway. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122501. Full text in Research Archive
• Lensing, Michael B.; Zeiner, Pål; Sandvik, Leiv & Ilner, Stein E. Opjordsmoen (2015). Quality of life in adults aged 50+ with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 19(5), p. 405–413. doi: 10.1177/1087054713480035.
• Lensing, Michael B.; Zeiner, Pål; Sandvik, Leiv & Ilner, Stein E. Opjordsmoen (2014). Psychopharmacological Treatment of ADHD in Adults Aged 50+: An Empirical Study. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 19(5), p. 380–389. doi: 10.1177/1087054714527342.
• Biele, Guido; Zeiner, Pål & Aase, Heidi (2014). Convergent and discriminant validity pf psychiatric symptoms reported in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study at age 3 years with independent clinical assessment in the Longitudinal ADHD Cohort Study. Norsk Epidemiologi. ISSN 0803-2491. 24(1-2), p. 169–176. doi: 10.5324/nje.v24i1-2.1819. Full text in Research Archive
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Engel, Stephanie M.; Jusko, Todd A.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Hoppin, Jane A & London, Stephanie J. [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2014). Reliability of triclosan measures in repeated urine samples from Norwegian pregnant women. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. ISSN 1559-0631. 24(5), p. 517–521. doi: 10.1038/jes.2013.95.
• Bendiksen, Bothild; Aase, Heidi; Svensson, Elisabeth; Friis, Svein; Myhre, Anne Margrethe & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Impairment in young preschool children with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology. ISSN 2245-8875. 2(3), p. 95–105. doi: 10.21307/sjcapp-2014-014. Full text in Research Archive
• Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina; Zeiner, Pål; Egeland, Jens; Gustavson, Kristin; Skogen, Annette & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Does IQ influence Associations between ADHD Symptoms and other Cognitive Functions in young Preschoolers? Behavioral and Brain Functions. ISSN 1744-9081. 10(1). doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-16. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Aase, Heidi; Torgersen, Svenn; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Ørbeck, Beate & Myhre, Anne Margrethe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Continuity in features of anxiety and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young preschool children. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. 23(9), p. 743–752. doi: 10.1007/s00787-014-0538-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Anxiety disorders and Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) develop before school age, but little is known about early developmental pathways. Here we test two hypotheses: first, that early signs of anxiety and ADHD at 18 months predict symptoms of anxiety and ADHD at age 3½ years; second, that emotional dysregulation at 18 months predicts the outcome of co-occurring anxiety and ADHD at age 3½ years. The study was part of the prospective Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. The 628 participants were clinically assessed at 3½ years. Questionnaire data collected at 18 months were categorized into early behavioural scales of anxiety, ADHD, and emotional dysregulation. We investigated continuity in features of anxiety and ADHD from 18 months to 3½ years of age through logistic regression analyses. Anxiety symptoms at 3½ years were predicted by early signs of anxiety (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, CI = 1.15-1.73) and emotional dysregulation (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.15-1.54). ADHD symptoms at 3½ years were predicted by early signs of ADHD (OR = 1.51, CI = 1.30-1.76) and emotional dysregulation (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.13-1.51). Co-occurring Anxiety and ADHD symptoms at 3½ years were predicted by early signs of anxiety (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.13-1.84), ADHD (OR = 1.30, CI = 1.11-1.54), and emotional dysregulation (OR = 1.34, CI = 1.13-1.58). We conclude that there were modest continuities in features of anxiety and ADHD through early preschool years, while emotional dysregulation at age 18 months was associated with symptoms of anxiety, ADHD, and co-occurring anxiety and ADHD at age 3 ½ years.

• Skogen, Annette; Zeiner, Pål; Egeland, Jens; Baumgartner, Nina Marit; Urnes, Anne-Margrethe & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Inhibition and working memory in young preschool children with symptoms of ADHD and/or oppositional-defiant disorder. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal of Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence. ISSN 0929-7049. 20(5), p. 607–624. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2013.838213.
• Baumgartner, Nina; Zeiner, Pål; Eadie, Patricia; Egeland, Jens; Gustavson, Kristin & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Language delay in 3-year-old children with ADHD symptoms. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. 20(10), p. 867–878. doi: 10.1177/1087054713497253.
• Lensing, Michael B.; Zeiner, Pål; Sandvik, Leiv & Ilner, Stein E. Opjordsmoen (2013). Four-year outcome in psychopharmacologically treated adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a questionnaire survey. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. ISSN 0160-6689. 74(1), p. e87–e93. doi: 10.4088/JCP.12m07714.
• Lensing, Michael B.; Zeiner, Pål; Sandvik, Leiv & Ilner, Stein E. Opjordsmoen (2013). Adults with ADHD: use and misuse of stimulant medication as reported by patients and their primary care physicians. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. ISSN 1866-6116. 5, p. 369–376. doi: 10.1007/s12402-013-0116-8.
• Baumgartner, Nina; Zeiner, Pål; Eadie, Patricia; Egeland, Jens; Gustavson, Kristin Brun & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Language Delay in 3-Year-Old Children With ADHD Symptoms. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. doi: 10.1177/1087054713497253.
• Baklund, Lise; Nilssen, Kjetil; Ristvedt, Liv & Zeiner, Pål (2012). Hvordan organisere et akuttilbud for ungdom i selvmordsrisiko? Suicidologi. ISSN 1501-6994. 17(3), p. 22–27. doi: 10.5617/suicidologi.2172.
• Zeiner, Pål; Gjevik, Elen & Weidle, Bernhard (2011). Response to atomoxetine in boys with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 100(9), p. 1258–1261. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02263.x.

View all works in Cristin

• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Biele, Guido; Aase, Heidi & Zeiner, Pål (2018). Inattention in pre-School ADHD- are there gender differences?
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Friis, Svein; Pripp, Are Hugo; Biele, Guido & Aase, Heidi [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Dr Øvergaard et al. Reply. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 0890-8567. 57(9), p. 701–702. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.05.021.
• Villanger, Gro Dehli; Ystrøm, Eivind; Engel, Stephanie M.; Longnecker, Matthew P; Zoeller, R. Thomas & Pettersen, Rolf D. [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone and relationship with childhood ADHD .
• Skogheim, Thea Steen; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Biele, Guido; Haug, Line Småstuen; Sabaredzovic, Azemira & Suren, Pål [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and associations with ADHD symptoms and cognitive functions in children.
• Skogheim, Thea Steen; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Biele, Guido; Haug, Line Småstuen; Sabaredzovic, Azemira & Suren, Pål [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and cognitive functions in children.
• Ørbeck, Beate; Aase, Heidi; Zeiner, Pål; Furu, Kari; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig (2018). ADHD medication in children: Preliminary findings from a prospective cohort study.
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Ørbeck, Beate; Aase, Heidi; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Zeiner, Pål (2014). Disruptive Mood Dysregulation disorder in preschool children; concurrent associated symptoms and early predictors.
• Zeiner, Pål; Ørbeck, Beate; Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Aase, Heidi (2013). Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in an adult population sample.
• Holth-Skogan, Annette; Aase, Heidi; Zeiner, Pål; Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina Marit; Egeland, Jens & Urnes, Anne-Grethe (2011). Working memory and ADHD symptoms in young preschool children.
• Bendiksen, Bothild; Zeiner, Pål; Aase, Heidi; Svensson, Elisabeth & Myhre, Anne Margrethe (2011). Impairment in Preschoolers with Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety.
• Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig; Zeiner, Pål & Aase, Heidi (2011). Impairment in Preschoolers with Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety.
• Rohrer-Baumgartner, Nina Marit; Aase, Heidi; Zeiner, Pål; Holth-Skogan, Annette; Egeland, Jens & Urnes, Anne-Grethe (2011). Language Skills, ADHD Symptoms and other Psychiatric Symptoms in Preschool Children.
• Aase, Heidi & Zeiner, Pål (2011). Screening preschool children for hyperactivity and inattention. Clinical presentation for early onset ADHD.
• Zeiner, Pål & Dahl, Kitty (2002). Tvangslidelser hos barn og ungdom. Temamagasinet for foreldre om .... 82(5), p. 22–24.

View all works in Cristin