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• Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Wootton, Robyn E; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Lawn, Rebecca B.; Ask, Helga & Corfield, Elizabeth Claire [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2024). Assessing causal links between age at menarche and adolescent mental health: a Mendelian randomisation study. BMC Medicine. ISSN 1741-7015. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03361-8.
• Verhoef, Ellen; Allegrini, Andrea G.; Jansen, Philip R.; Lange, Katherine; Wang, Carol A. & Morgan, Angela T. [Show all 64 contributors for this article] (2024). Genome-Wide Analyses of Vocabulary Size in Infancy and Toddlerhood: Associations With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Literacy, and Cognition-Related Traits. Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. 95(9), p. 859–869. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.025. Full text in Research Archive
• Guintivano, Jerry; Byrne, Enda M.; Kiewa, Jacqueline; Yao, Shuyang; Bauer, Anna E. & Aberg, Karolina A. [Show all 78 contributors for this article] (2023). Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Postpartum Depression. American Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0002-953X. 180(12), p. 884–895. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230053.
• Tesli, Martin Steen; Nesvåg, Ragnar; Haukvik, Unn Kristin Hansen; Gustavson, Kristin; Tesli, Natalia & Friestad, Christine [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Common genetic and environmental risk for personality disorders and psychotic-like experiences in young adult twins. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-690X. 148(6), p. 561–569. doi: 10.1111/acps.13596. Full text in Research Archive
• Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Hannigan, Laurie John; O'Connell, Kevin Sean; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Frei, Oleksandr & Thapar, Anita [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Developmental manifestations of polygenic risk for bipolar disorder from infancy to middle childhood. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 13. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02522-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Hall, Amber M.; Keil, Alexander P.; Choi, Giehae; Ramos, Amanda M.; Richardson, David B. & Olshan, Andrew F. [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Prenatal organophosphate ester exposure and executive function in Norwegian preschoolers. Environmental Epidemiology. ISSN 2474-7882. 7(3), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000251. Full text in Research Archive
• Che, Xiaoyu; Roy, Ayan; Bresnahan, Michaeline; Mjaaland, Siri; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Magnus, Per Minor [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Metabolomic analysis of maternal mid-gestation plasma and cord blood in autism spectrum disorders. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. 28, p. 2355–2369. doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02051-w.
• Demontis, Ditte; Walters, G. Bragi; Athanasiadis, Georgios; Walters, Raymond; Therrien, Karen & Nielsen, Trine Tollerup [Show all 88 contributors for this article] (2023). Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains. Nature Genetics. ISSN 1061-4036. 55, p. 198–208. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01285-8.
• Pasman, Joëlle A.; Meijsen, Joeri J.; Haram, Marit; Kowalec, Kaarina; Harder, Arvid & Xiong, Ying [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2023). Epidemiological overview of major depressive disorder in Scandinavia using nationwide registers. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. ISSN 2666-7762. 29. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100621. Full text in Research Archive
• Wootton, Robyn E; Lawn, Rebecca B.; Magnus, Maria C.; Treur, Jorien L.; Corfield, Elizabeth C. & Njølstad, Pål Rasmus [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2023). Associations between health behaviours, fertility and reproductive outcomes: triangulation of evidence in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). BMC Medicine. ISSN 1741-7015. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02831-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Havdahl, Alexandra; Farmer, Cristan; Suren, Pål; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Magnus, Per Minor & Susser, Ezra [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Attainment and loss of early social-communication skills across neurodevelopmental conditions in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. ISSN 0021-9630. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13792. Full text in Research Archive
• Hall, Amber M.; Ramos, Amanda M.; Drover, Samantha S. M.; Choi, Giehae; Keil, Alexander P. & Richardson, David B. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Gestational organophosphate ester exposure and preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. ISSN 1438-4639. 248. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114078. Full text in Research Archive
• Hall, Amber M.; Thistle, Jake E.; Manley, Cherrel K.; Roell, Kyle R.; Ramos, Amanda M. & Villanger, Gro Dehli [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure at 17 Weeks’ Gestation and Odds of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(24). doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416851. Full text in Research Archive
• Hughes, Amanda M.; Sanderson, Eleanor; Morris, Tim; Ayorech, Ziada; Tesli, Martin Steen & Ask, Helga [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 11. doi: 10.7554/eLife.74320. Full text in Research Archive
• Engel, Stephanie M.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Herring, Amy; Nethery, Rachel C.; Drover, Samantha S. M. & Zoeller, R. Thomas [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Gestational thyroid hormone concentrations and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. ISSN 0269-5022. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12941. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakken, Nora Refsum; Hannigan, Laurie John; Shadrin, Alexey; Hindley, Guy Frederick Lanyon; Ask, Helga & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Childhood temperamental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics associated with mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence: A prospective study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-690X. 147(2), p. 217–228. doi: 10.1111/acps.13522. Full text in Research Archive
• Weiner, Daniel J.; Ling, Emi; Erdin, Serkan; Tai, Derek J. C.; Yadav, Rachita & Grove, Jakob [Show all 110 contributors for this article] (2022). Statistical and functional convergence of common and rare genetic influences on autism at chromosome 16p. Nature Genetics. ISSN 1061-4036. 54(11), p. 1630–1639. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01203-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Pingault, Jean-Baptiste; Barkhuizen, Wikus; Wang, Biyao; Hannigan, Laurie John; Eilertsen, Espen Moen & Corfield, Elizabeth Claire [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Genetic nurture versus genetic transmission of risk for ADHD traits in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01863-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Manley, Cherrel K.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Thomsen, Cathrine; Cequier Mancineiras, Enrique; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides and Preschool ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(13), p. 1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138148. Full text in Research Archive
• Thistle, Jake E.; Ramos, Amanda; Roell, Kyle R.; Choi, Giehae; Manley, Cherrel K. & Hall, Amber M. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and executive function in preschool-aged children in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Environmental Research. ISSN 0013-9351. 212(Part D). doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113555. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction: Prenatal exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) has been associated with neurodevelopmental deficits in children, however evidence linking OPPs with specific cognitive mechanisms, such as executive function (EF), is limited. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to OPPs with multiple measures of EF in preschool-aged children, while considering the role of variant alleles in OPP metabolism genes. Methods: We included 262 children with preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 78 typically developing children, from the Preschool ADHD substudy of the Norwegian, Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Participants who gave birth between 2004 and 2008 were invited to participate in an on-site clinical assessment when the child was approximately 3.5 years; measurements of EF included parent and teacher rating on Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P), and three performance-based assessments. We measured OPP metabolites in maternal urines collected at ∼17 weeks' gestation to calculate total dimethyl- (ΣDMP) and diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) metabolite concentrations. We estimated multivariable adjusted β's and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) corresponding to a change in z-score per unit increase in log-ΣDMP/DEP. We further characterized gene-OPP interactions for maternal variants in PON1 (Q192R, M55L), CYP1A2 (1548T > C), CYP1A1 (IntG > A) and CYP2A6 (-47A > C). Results: Prenatal OPP metabolite concentrations were associated with worse parent and teacher ratings of emotional control, inhibition, and working memory. A one log-∑DMP increase was associated with poorer teacher ratings of EF on the BRIEF-P (e.g. emotional control domain: β = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.74), when weighted to account for sampling procedures. We found less consistent associations with performance-based EF assessments. We found some evidence of modification for PON1 Q192R and CYP2A6 -47A > C. Association with other variants were inconsistent. Conclusions: Biomarkers of prenatal OPP exposure were associated with more adverse teacher and parent ratings of EF in preschool-aged children.

• Kendler, Kenneth S.; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted (2022). Ludvig Dahl's psychiatric genetic studies in his 1859 monograph: “Contribution to the knowledge of insanity in Norway”. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. ISSN 1552-4841. 189(6), p. 177–184. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32914. Full text in Research Archive
• Havdahl, Alexandra; Wootton, Robyn E; Leppert, Beate; Riglin, Lucy; Ask, Helga & Tesli, Martin Steen [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Associations between Pregnancy-Related Predisposing Factors for Offspring Neurodevelopmental Conditions and Parental Genetic Liability to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism, and Schizophrenia: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). JAMA psychiatry. ISSN 2168-6238. 79(8), p. 799–810. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1728. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Ystrøm, Eivind (2022). Stressful life events increase the risk of major depressive episodes: A population-based twin study. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. 53(11), p. 5194–5202. doi: 10.1017/S0033291722002227. Full text in Research Archive
• Ystrøm, Eivind; Degerud, Eirik Magnus Meek; Tesli, Martin Steen; Høye, Anne; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Næss, Øyvind Erik (2022). Alcohol consumption and lower risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: The impact of accounting for familial factors in twins. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. doi: 10.1017/S0033291722000812. Full text in Research Archive
• Jami, Eshim S.; Hammerschlag, Anke R.; Ip, Hill F.; Allegrini, Andrea G.; Benyamin, Beben & Border, Richard [Show all 94 contributors for this article] (2022). Genome-wide association meta-analysis of childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 0890-8567. 61(7), p. 934–945. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.11.035. Full text in Research Archive
• Walle, Kjersti Mæhlum; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Gustavson, Kristin; Mjaaland, Siri; Ystrøm, Eivind & Lipkin, W. Ian [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy. JCPP Advances. ISSN 2692-9384. 2(2), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12070. Full text in Research Archive
• Torvik, Fartein Ask; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Hannigan, Laurie John; Cheesman, Rosa Catherine Gillespie; Howe, Laurence J. & Magnus, Per Minor [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Modeling assortative mating and genetic similarities between partners, siblings, and in-laws. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. 13. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28774-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Helgeland, Øyvind; Vaudel, Marc; Sole-Navais, Pol; Flatley, Christopher; Juodakis, Julius & Bacelis, Jonas [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2022). Characterization of the genetic architecture of infant and early childhood body mass index. Nature Metabolism. 4, p. 344–358. doi: 10.1038/s42255-022-00549-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Che, Xiaoyu; Hornig, Mady; Bresnahan, Michaeline; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Magnus, Per Minor & Suren, Pål [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Maternal mid-gestational and child cord blood immune signatures are strongly associated with offspring risk of ASD. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. 27, p. 1527–1541. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01415-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Tesli, Martin Steen; Degerud, Eirik Magnus Meek; Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer; Gustavson, Kristin; Torvik, Fartein Ask & Ystrøm, Eivind [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Educational attainment and mortality in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-690X. 145(5), p. 481–493. doi: 10.1111/acps.13407. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Individuals suffering from schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a major contributor. Low educational attainment is associated with schizophrenia, as well as with all-cause and CVD mortality. However, it is unknown to what extent low educational attainment can explain the increased mortality in individuals with schizophrenia. Aim Here, we quantify associations between educational attainment and all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with schizophrenia, and compare them with the corresponding associations in the general population. Method All Norwegian citizens born between January 1, 1925, and December 31, 1959, were followed up from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2014. The total sample included 1,852,113 individuals, of which 6548 were registered with schizophrenia. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause and CVD mortality with Cox models, in addition to life years lost. Educational attainment for index persons and their parents were included in the models. Results In the general population individuals with low educational attainment had higher risk of all-cause (HR: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.47–1.49]) and CVD (HR: 1.59 [95% CI: 1.57–1.61]) mortality. In individuals with schizophrenia these estimates were substantially lower (all-cause: HR: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.05–1.21] and CVD: HR: 1.12 [95% CI: 0.98–1.27]). Low educational attainment accounted for 3.28 (3.21–3.35) life years lost in males and 2.48 (2.42–2.55) years in females in the general population, but was not significantly associated with life years lost in individuals with schizophrenia. Results were similar for parental educational attainment. Conclusions Our results indicate that while individuals with schizophrenia in general have lower educational attainment and higher mortality rates compared with the general population, the association between educational attainment and mortality is smaller in schizophrenia subjects than in the general population.

• Martin, Joanna; Agha, Sharifah Shameem; Eyre, Olga; Riglin, Lucy; Langley, Kate & Hubbard, Leon [Show all 57 contributors for this article] (2021). Sex differences in anxiety and depression in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Investigating genetic liability and comorbidity. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics. ISSN 1552-4841. 186(7), p. 412–422. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32842.
• Kamai, Elizabeth M.; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Nethery, Rachel C.; Thomsen, Cathrine; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Drover, Samantha S.M. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Gestational Phthalate Exposure and Preschool Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Norway. Environmental Epidemiology. ISSN 2474-7882. 5(4). doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000161. Full text in Research Archive
• Ask, Helga; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Gjerde, Line Cecilie; Hannigan, Laurie John; Gustavson, Kristin & Havdahl, Alexandra [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Intergenerational transmission of parental neuroticism to emotional problems in 8-year-old children: Genetic and environmental influences. JCPP Advances. ISSN 2692-9384. 1(4). doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12054. Full text in Research Archive
• Unnarsdóttir, Anna Bára; Lovik, Anikó; Fawns-Ritchie, Chloe; Ask, Helga; Kõiv, Kadri & Hagen, Kristen [Show all 52 contributors for this article] (2021). Cohort Profile: COVIDMENT: COVID-19 cohorts on mental health across six nations. International Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0300-5771. 51(3), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab234. Full text in Research Archive
• Haan, Elis; Sallis, Hannah M.; Zuccolo, Luisa; Labrecque, Jeremy; Ystrøm, Eivind & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and maternal-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: triangulation of evidence using negative control and polygenic risk score analyses. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140. 117(5), p. 1458–1471. doi: 10.1111/add.15746. Full text in Research Archive
• Ip, Hill F.; van der Laan, Camiel M.; Krapohl, Eva M. L.; Brikell, Isabell; Sánchez-Mora, Cristina & Nolte, Ilja M. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 11, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01480-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Hannigan, Laurie J.; Ask, Helga; Ayorech, Ziada; Tesli, Martin Steen & Corfield, Elizabeth [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Early manifestations of genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. ISSN 0021-9630. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13528. Full text in Research Archive
• Gustavson, Kristin; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Ask, Helga; McAdams, Tom A. & Hannigan, Laurie John [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Genetic and environmental contributions to co-occurring ADHD and emotional problems in school-aged children. Developmental Psychology. ISSN 0012-1649. 57(8), p. 1359–1371. doi: 10.1037/dev0001229. Full text in Research Archive
• Lupattelli, Angela; Mahic, Milada; Handal, Marte; Ystrøm, Eivind; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Nordeng, Hedvig Marie Egeland (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Following Prenatal Exposure to Antidepressants: results from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. ISSN 1470-0328. 128(21), p. 1917–1927. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16743. Full text in Research Archive
• Gustavson, Kristin; Ystrøm, Eivind; Ask, Helga; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Hornig, Mady & Susser, Ezra [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2021). Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - a longitudinal sibling control study. JCPP Advances. ISSN 2692-9384. 1(2). doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12020. Full text in Research Archive
• Haan, E; Sallis, H; Ystrøm, Eivind; Njølstad, Pål Rasmus; Andreassen, Ole & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Maternal and offspring genetic risk score analyses of fetal alcohol exposure and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk in offspring. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. ISSN 0145-6008. 45(10), p. 2090–2102. doi: 10.1111/acer.14692. Full text in Research Archive
• Choi, Giehae; Keil, Alexander P.; Richardson, David B.; Daniels, Julie L; Hoffman, Kate & Villanger, Gro Dehli [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Pregnancy exposure to organophosphate esters and the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 154. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106549. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogheim, Thea Steen; Weyde, Kjell Vegard Fjeldheim; Aase, Heidi; Engel, Stephanie M.; Suren, Pål & Øie, Merete Glenne [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in children. Environmental Research. ISSN 0013-9351. 202. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111692. Full text in Research Archive
• Høye, Anne; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Nesvåg, Ragnar; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Heiberg, Ina Heidi (2021). Total and cause‑specific mortality in patients with personality disorders: the association between comorbid severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. ISSN 0933-7954. 56, p. 1809–1819. doi: 10.1007/s00127-021-02055-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  PurposeTo investigate the mortality in both in- and outpatients with personality disorders (PD), and to explore the associa-tion between mortality and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) or severe mental illness (SMI).MethodsAll residents admitted to Norwegian in- and outpatient specialist health care services during 2009–2015 with a PD diagnosis were included. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in patients with PD only and in patients with PD and comorbid SMI or SUD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs in patients with PD and comorbid SMI or SUD compared to patients with PD only.ResultsMortality was increased in both in- and outpatients with PD. The overall SMR was 3.8 (95% CI 3.6–4.0). The highest SMR was estimated for unnatural causes of death (11.0, 95% CI 10.0–12.0), but increased also for natural causes of death (2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.5). Comorbidity was associated with higher SMRs, particularly due to poisoning and suicide. Patients with comorbid PD & SUD had almost four times higher all-cause mortality HR than patients with PD only; young women had the highest HR.ConclusionThe SMR was high in both in- and outpatients with PD, and particularly high in patients with comorbid PD & SUD. Young female patients with PD & SUD were at highest risk. The higher mortality in patients with PD cannot, however, fully be accounted for by comorbidity.

• Choi, Giehae; Villanger, Gro Dehli; Drover, Samantha S.M.; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Thomsen, Cathrine & Nethery, Rachel C. [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Prenatal phthalate exposures and executive function in preschool children. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 149. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106403. Full text in Research Archive
• Skogheim, Thea Steen; Weyde, Kjell Vegard Fjeldheim; Engel, Stephanie M.; Aase, Heidi; Suren, Pål & Øie, Merete Glenne [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Metal and essential element concentrations during pregnancy and associations with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 152, p. 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106468. Full text in Research Archive
• Hannigan, Laurie John; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Ask, Helga; Tesli, Martin; Corfield, Elizabeth & Ayorech, Ziada [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Genetic Liability for Schizophrenia and Childhood Psychopathology in the General Population. Schizophrenia Bulletin. ISSN 0586-7614. 47(4), p. 1179–1189. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa193. Full text in Research Archive
• Bryois, Julien; Skene, Nathan G.; Hansen, Thomas Folkmann; Kogelman, Lisette J.A.; Watson, Hunna J. & Liu, Zijing [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2020). Genetic identification of cell types underlying brain complex traits yields insights into the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. Nature Genetics. ISSN 1061-4036. 52, p. 482–493. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0610-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Havdahl, Alexandra; Farmer, Cristan; Schjølberg, Synnve; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Suren, Pål & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). Age of walking and intellectual ability in autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a population‐based study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. ISSN 0021-9630. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13369. Full text in Research Archive
• Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi; Kendler, Kenneth S; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Ystrøm, Eivind; Rosenström, Tom Henrik & Gillespie, Nathan [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Caffeine consumption, toxicity, tolerance and withdrawal; shared genetic influences with normative personality and personality disorder traits. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology. ISSN 1064-1297. doi: 10.1037/pha0000429. Full text in Research Archive
• Kiselev, Yury; Handal, Marte; Hjellvik, Vidar; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Stoltenberg, Camilla & Suren, Pål [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Nationwide study of neuropsychiatric comorbidity and medicines use in children with autism spectrum disorder in Norway. Frontiers in Psychiatry. ISSN 1664-0640. 11, p. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.596032.
• Sivertsen, Børge; Harvey, Allison G.; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Ystrøm, Eivind & Hysing, Mari (2020). Sleep problems and depressive symptoms in toddlers and 8-year-old children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Sleep Research. ISSN 0962-1105. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13150. Full text in Research Archive
• Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Hannigan, Laurie John; McAdams, Tom A.; Rijsdijk, Frühling V.; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Parental Prenatal Symptoms of Depression and Offspring Symptoms of ADHD: A Genetically Informed Intergenerational Study. Journal of Attention Disorders. ISSN 1087-0547. doi: 10.1177/1087054720914386. Full text in Research Archive
• Akingbuwa, Wonuola A.; Hammerschlag, Anke R.; Jami, Eshim S.; Allegrini, Andrea G.; Karhunen, Ville & Sallis, Hannah [Show all 35 contributors for this article] (2020). Genetic Associations Between Childhood Psychopathology and Adult Depression and Associated Traits in 42 998 Individuals: A Meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry. ISSN 2168-6238. 77(7), p. 715–728. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0527. Full text in Research Archive
• Ørbeck, Beate; Furu, Kari; Zeiner, Pål; Aase, Heidi; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Pripp, Are Hugo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Child and Parental Characteristics of Medication Use for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. ISSN 1044-5463. 30(7), p. 456–464. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0019. Full text in Research Archive
• Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A.; Johnson, Emma C.; Chou, Yi-Ling; Coleman, Jonathan R.I.; Thornton, Laura M. & Walters, Raymond K. [Show all 104 contributors for this article] (2020). Shared genetic risk between eating disorder‐ and substance‐use‐related phenotypes: Evidence from genome‐wide association studies. Addiction Biology. ISSN 1355-6215. doi: 10.1111/adb.12880. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosenström, Tom Henrik; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Ystrøm, Eivind; Aggen, Steven H.; Gillespie, Nathan A. & Krueger, Robert F. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Specific Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorder Criteria and General Substance Use: A Twin Study. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. ISSN 1949-2715. 12(3), p. 228–240. doi: 10.1037/per0000404. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Gro Dehli; Ystrøm, Eivind; Engel, Stephanie M.; Longnecker, Matthew P.; Pettersen, Rolf Dagfinn & Rowe, Alexander D. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Neonatal thyroid‐stimulating hormone and association with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. ISSN 0269-5022. 34(5), p. 590–596. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12643. Full text in Research Archive
• Villanger, Gro Dehli; Drover, Samantha S.M.; Nethery, Rachel C.; Thomsen, Cathrine; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur & Øvergaard, Kristin Romvig [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Associations between urine phthalate metabolites and thyroid function in pregnant women and the influence of iodine status. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 137. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105509. Full text in Research Archive
• Lund, Ingunn Olea; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Gjerde, Line C.; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Røysamb, Espen & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Maternal Drinking and Child Emotional and Behavior Problems. Pediatrics. ISSN 0031-4005. 145(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-2007. Full text in Research Archive
• Heiberg, Ina Heidi; Nesvåg, Ragnar; Balteskard, Lise; Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Hultman, Christina M. & Næss, Øyvind [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Diagnostic tests and treatment procedures performed prior to cardiovascular death in individuals with severe mental illness. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-690X. 141, p. 439–451. doi: 10.1111/acps.13157. Full text in Research Archive
• Ask, Helga; Handal, Marte; Hauge, Lars Johan; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Skurtveit, Svetlana (2020). Incidence of diagnosed pediatric anxiety disorders and use of prescription drugs: a nation-wide registry study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. doi: 10.1007/s00787-019-01419-0.
• Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Telle, Kjetil Elias (2019). Likeverdig behandling av psykisk sykdom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 139(13). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0545.
• Seglem, Karoline Brobakke; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Røysamb, Espen; Gjerde, Line C.; Magnus, Per & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). A Life Course Study of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Work Incapacity. Twin Research and Human Genetics. ISSN 1832-4274. p. 1–7. doi: 10.1017/thg.2019.116. Full text in Research Archive
• Lee, Phil H.; Antilla, Verneri; Won, Hyejung; Feng, Yen-Chen A.; Rosenthal, Jacob & Zhu, Zhaozhong [Show all 66 contributors for this article] (2019). Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders. Cell. ISSN 0092-8674. 179(7), p. 1469–1482. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020. Full text in Research Archive
• O`Connell, Kevin; Shadrin, Alexey A.; Smeland, Olav Bjerkehagen; Bahrami, Shahram; Frei, Oleksandr & Bettella, Francesco [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2019). Identification of genetic loci shared between ADHD, intelligence and educational attainment . Biological Psychiatry. ISSN 0006-3223. 87(12), p. 1052–1062. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.11.015. Full text in Research Archive
• Suren, Pål; Bakken, Inger Johanne Landsjøåsen; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Handal, Marte; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Stoltenberg, Camilla [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Tourettes syndrom hos barn i Norge. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 139(17), p. 1648–1653. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0411. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjerde, Line C.; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Hannigan, Laurie; Eley, Thalia C.; Røysamb, Espen & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Associations between maternal depressive symptoms and risk for offspring early-life psychopathology: the role of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. doi: 10.1017/s0033291719003301. Full text in Research Archive
• O`Connell, Kevin; Shadrin, Alexey A.; Bahrami, Shahram; Smeland, Olav Bjerkehagen; Bettella, Francesco & Frei, Oleksandr [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2019). Identification of genetic overlap and novel risk loci for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. Molecular Psychiatry. ISSN 1359-4184. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0613-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Differential diagnosis between childhood onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains a challenge, mainly due to overlapping symptoms and high rates of comorbidity. Despite this, genetic correlation reported for these disorders is low and non-significant. Here we aimed to better characterize the genetic architecture of these disorders utilizing recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We analyzed independent GWAS summary statistics for ADHD (19,099 cases and 34,194 controls) and BD (20,352 cases and 31,358 controls) applying the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (condFDR/conjFDR) statistical framework that increases the power to detect novel phenotype-specific and shared loci by leveraging the combined power of two GWAS. We observed cross-trait polygenic enrichment for ADHD conditioned on associations with BD, and vice versa. Leveraging this enrichment, we identified 19 novel ADHD risk loci and 40 novel BD risk loci at condFDR <0.05. Further, we identified five loci jointly associated with ADHD and BD (conjFDR < 0.05). Interestingly, these five loci show concordant directions of effect for ADHD and BD. These results highlight a shared underlying genetic risk for ADHD and BD which may help to explain the high comorbidity rates and difficulties in differentiating between ADHD and BD in the clinic. Improving our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of these disorders may aid in the development of novel stratification tools to help reduce these diagnostic difficulties.

• Gudmundsson, Ólafur Ó.; Walters, Gudmundur Bragi; Ingason, Andrés; Johansson, Stefan; Zayats, Tetyana & Athanasiu, Lavinia [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2019). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder shares copy number variant risk with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Translational Psychiatry. ISSN 2158-3188. 9, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0599-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Suren, Pål; Havdahl, Alexandra; Øyen, Anne-Siri; Schjølberg, Synnve; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Magnus, Per [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder among children in Norway . Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 139(14), p. 1372–1379. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0960. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND:The percentage share of children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder has increased considerably since the 1990s in Norway as well as in other countries. It has previously been demonstrated that there is considerable variation between counties with respect to diagnostic practice. MATERIAL AND METHOD:We calculated the percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder by using patient data obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry and population data obtained from the National Registry. The calculations were made for the country as a whole as well as by county. The diagnostic assessments and documentation were mapped by linking the Norwegian Patient Registry with the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. We also reviewed patient records obtained from the specialist health service and considered whether diagnostic practice satisfied the research criteria for autism spectrum disorder. RESULTS:By the age of eight, 1.1 % of boys and 0.3 % of girls had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The overall percentages varied from 0.3 to 1.0 between counties. From 2008 to 2016, these percentages increased in all age groups. Our review of patient records included 503 children. In 95 % of cases the patient records provided a high standard of documentation that the diagnostic research criteria had been satisfied. The assessments were largely conducted in accordance with the guidelines drawn up by the various health trusts. INTERPRETATION:Autism diagnoses are generally well documented within the Norwegian specialist health service and meet the diagnostic criteria. In the counties that demonstrate a low prevalence of autism, it appears the health service fails to recognise autism in many children, particularly girls, or the diagnosis is determined late.

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• Helgeland, Øyvind; Vaudel, Marc; Sole-Navais, Pol; Flatley, Christopher; Juodakis, Julius & Bacelis, Jonas [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2024). Correction to: Characterization of the genetic architecture of infant and early childhood body mass index (Nature Metabolism, (2022), 4, 3, (344-358), 10.1038/s42255-022-00549-1). Nature Metabolism. 6(2), p. 378–378. doi: 10.1038/s42255-024-01004-z.
• Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Hannigan, Laurie John; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Ask, Helga & Havdahl, Alexandra (2023). Investigating the Relationship between Sleep Phenotypes and Neurodevelopmental Conditions in Children and Adolescents from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).
• Demontis, Ditte; Walters, G. Bragi; Athanasiadis, Georgios; Walters, Raymond; Therrien, Karen & Nielsen, Trine Tollerup [Show all 86 contributors for this article] (2023). Author Correction: Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains (Nature Genetics, (2023), 55, 2, (198-208), 10.1038/s41588-022-01285-8). Nature Genetics. ISSN 1061-4036. doi: 10.1038/s41588-023-01350-w.
• Ystrøm, Eivind & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted (2022). Genomics of borderline personality disorder: Common Genetic Factors for Personality Disorders, Common Mental Disorders, Substance Abuse, and Stressful Life Events: A population based longitudinal twin study. Show summary

  Objectives: To evaluate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors for stability in, comorbidity with, and life events related to personality disorders. Methods: DSM-IV criteria for 10 personality disorders were assessed using structured interviews in 2801 Norwegian twins in early adulthood (age 28; range 19-36) and again in 2282 twins 10 years later. Biometric models were used on criteria counts to analyze the genetic and environmental factors for PDs and: 10-year stability, comorbidity with common mental disorders and psychotic-like experiences, substance abuse, and stressful life events. Results: Heritability of PDs were estimated to be 40% to 20% heritable. The 10-year stability estimated as tetrachoric correlation of PDs ranged from .35 to .58. Genetic variants influencing PDs were estimated to be the same over 10 years, the environmental factors were estimated to change 74-84% over the same period. Genetic and environmental factors for comorbidity between PDs and common mental disorders have different dimensionality and structure. The link between PDs and substance use are dependent on the specific criteria endorsed rather than at the disorder level. Stressful life events are important for the development of PDs and substance use over and beyond what can be explained by life-course selection due to genetic risk. Conclusion: Although PDs at specific assessments are mostly influenced by environmental factors, genetic factors are more important in explaining stability and comorbidity. The unequal structure of genetic and environmental factors leads to a mismatch between the observed comorbidity between PDs and mental disorders and the expected commonality in genetic factors. Aggregation of symptoms and disorders according to the estimated genetic structure could improve the precision of molecular genetic studies. This longitudinal twin study has also shown that PDs are related to stressful life events, mental disorders, and substance abuse over and beyond what can be explained by genetic risk.

• Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Shadrin, Alexey; Frei, Oleksandr; Rahman, Zillur; Lin, Aihua & Athanasiu, Lavinia [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2022). Genetic profile of the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa): Results from the MoBaPsychGen pipeline.
• Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Frei, Oleksandr; Shadrin, Alexey; Rahman, Zillur; Lin, Aihua & Athanasiu, Lavinia [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2022). The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study (MoBa) genotyping data resource: the MoBaPsychGen_v1 pipeline.
• Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Hannigan, Laurie John; O'Connell, Kevin Sean; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Frei, Oleksandr & Thapar, Anita [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Developmental manifestations of polygenic risk for bipolar disorder from infancy to middle childhood.
• Barkhuizen, Wikus; Pingault, Jean-Baptiste; Wang, Biyao; Hannigan, Laurie John; Eilertsen, Espen Moen & Andreassen, Ole [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Direct and indirect genetic influences involved in the intergenerational transmission of risk for ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort. Behavior Genetics. ISSN 0001-8244. 51(6), p. 692–691.
• Hannigan, Laurie John; Corfield, Elizabeth; Biele, Guido; Tilling, Kate; McAdams, Tom A. & Badini, Isabella [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2021). The genomic basis of participation in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
• Skogheim, Thea Steen; Weyde, Kjell Vegard Fjeldheim; Engel, Stephanie M.; Aase, Heidi; Suren, Pål & Øie, Merete Glenne [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in children associated with gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements.
• Wootton, Robyn; Dack, Kyle; Borges, Carolina; Pagoni, Panagiota; Riglin, Lucy & Andreassen, Ole [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Nutritional biomarkers in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring: A Mendelian Randomization study in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).
• Barkhuizen, Wikus; Pingault, Jean-Baptiste; Wang, Biyao; Hannigan, Laurie John; Eilertsen, Espen Moen & Andreassen, Ole [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Direct and indirect genetic influences involved in the intergenerational transmission of risk for ADHD in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort.
• Hughes, Amanda; Morris, Tim; Ayorech, Ziada; Tesli, Martin Steen; Ask, Helga & Askeland, Ragna Bugge [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2021). The causal effect of BMI on neurodevelopment: a within family Mendelian randomization study using MoBa. International Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0300-5771. 50(Suppl 1). doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.296. Full text in Research Archive
• Høye, Anne; Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Nesvåg, Ragnar; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Heiberg, Ina Heidi (2021). Correction to: Total and cause-specific mortality in patients with personality disorders: the association between comorbid severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. ISSN 0933-7954. doi: 10.1007/s00127-021-02124-7.
• Lennox, Ziada Ayorech; Davies, Neil; Hannigan, Laurie John; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Tesli, Martin Steen & Andreassen, Ole Andreas [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Which Metabo-Psychiatric Factors Affect the Risk of Anorexia Nervosa? A Mendelian Randomization Study.
• Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Hannigan, Laurie John; Ask, Helga; Lennox, Ziada Ayorech; Tesli, Martin Steen & Corfield, Elizabeth [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Genetic risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders.
• Skogheim, Thea Steen; Weyde, Kjell Vegard Fjeldheim; Aase, Heidi; Engel, Stephanie M.; Suren, Pål & Øie, Merete Glenne [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Prenatal exposure to metals and associations with ADHD and ASD in children .
• Gustavson, Kristin; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Gjerde, Line C.; Ask, Helga; McAdams, Tom & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Genetic and environmental contributions to comorbidity between ADHD and emotional problems in school aged children. Behavior Genetics. ISSN 0001-8244. 49(6), p. 544–544. doi: 10.1007/s10519-019-09973-8.
• Gustavson, Kristin; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Gjerde, Line C.; Ask, Helga; McAdams, Tom & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Genetic and environmental contributions to comorbidity between ADHD and emotional problems in school aged children.
• Ask, Helga; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Gjerde, Line C.; Gustavson, Kristin; Hannigan, Laurie John & Havdahl, Alexandra [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). Intergenerational transmission of parental neuroticism to offspring neuroticism, depression, and anxiety . Behavior Genetics. ISSN 0001-8244. 49(6), p. 548–548. doi: 10.1007/s10519-019-09973-8.
• Gjerde, Line C.; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Hannigan, Laurie; Eley, T.C.; Røysamb, Espen & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). To what extent can passive genetic transmission account for associations between maternal depressive symptoms and child early life psychopathology symptoms? Behavior Genetics. ISSN 0001-8244. 49(6), p. 520–520. doi: 10.1007/s10519-019-09973-8.
• Lupattelli, Angela; Mahic, Milada; Handal, Marte; Ystrøm, Eivind; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Nordeng, Hedvig Marie Egeland (2019). Risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood after exposure to serotonergic antidepressants in pregnancy. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. ISSN 1053-8569.
• Seglem, Karoline Brobakke; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Røysamb, Espen; Gjerde, Line C.; Magnus, Per & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Education, lifestyle and life course differences in Level of work incapacity - genes and environment.
• Skurtveit, Svetlana; Kiselev, Yury; Handal, Marte; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted & Suren, Pål [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Co-Occurring Neuropsychiatric Diagnoses and Use of Psychotropic Drugs in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. ISSN 1053-8569. doi: 10.10002/pds.4864.
• Gjerde, Line C.; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Hannigan, Laurie; Eley, T.C.; Røysamb, Espen & Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). To what extent can passive genetic transmission account for associations between maternal depressive symptoms and child early life psychopathology symptoms?
• Wootton, Robyn E; Lawn, Rebecca B.; Magnus, Maria Christine; Treur, Jorien L; Corfield, Elizabeth Claire & Njølstad, Pål Rasmus [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Health behaviours prior to pregnancy and fertility outcomes: Triangulation of evidence in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL).
• Corfield, Elizabeth Claire; Frei, Oleksandr; Shadrin, Alexey; Rahman, Zillur; Lin, Aihua & Athanasiu, Lavinia [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2022). The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study (MoBa) genotyping data resource: MoBaPsychGen pipeline v.1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL). ISSN 2692-8205. (2022). Show summary

  Background: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is a population-based pregnancy cohort, which includes approximately 114,500 children, 95,200 mothers, and 75,200 fathers. Genotyping of MoBa has been conducted through multiple research projects, spanning several years; using varying selection criteria, genotyping arrays, and genotyping centres. MoBa contains numerous interrelated families, which necessitated the implementation of a family-based quality control (QC) pipeline that verifies and accounts for diverse types of relatedness. Methods: The MoBaPsychGen pipeline, comprising pre-imputation QC, phasing, imputation, and post-imputation QC, was developed based on current best-practice protocols and implemented to account for the complex structure of the MoBa genotype data. The pipeline includes QC on both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and individual level. Phasing and imputation were performed using the publicly available Haplotype Reference Consortium release 1.1 panel as a reference. Information from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and MoBa questionnaires were used to identify biological sex, year of birth, reported parent-offspring (PO) relationships, and multiple births (only available in the offspring generation). Results: In total, 207,569 unique individuals (90% of the unique individuals included in the study) and 6,981,748 SNPs passed the MoBaPsychGen pipeline. The relatedness checks performed throughout the pipeline allowed identification of within-generation and across-generation first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree relatives. The individuals passing post-imputation QC comprised 64,471 families ranging in size from singletons to 84 unique individuals (singletons are included as families as other family members may not have been genotyped, imputed, or passed post-imputation QC). The relationships identified include 287 monozygotic twin pairs, 22,884 full siblings, 117,004 PO pairs, 23,299 second-degree relative pairs, and 10,828 third-degree relative pairs. Discussion: MoBa contains a highly complex relatedness structure, with a variety of family structures including singletons, PO duos, full (mother, father, child) PO trios, nuclear families, blended families, and extended families. The availability of robustly quality-controlled genetic data for such a large cohort with a unique extended family structure will allow many novel research questions to be addressed. Furthermore, the MoBaPsychGen pipeline has potential utility in similar cohorts.

• Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Hannigan, Laurie John; Ask, Helga; Ayorech, Ziada; Tesli, Martin Steen & Corfield, Elizabeth [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Early manifestations of genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. PsyArXiv (Preprint artikkel).
• Hannigan, Laurie John; Askeland, Ragna Bugge; Ask, Helga; Tesli, Martin Steen; Corfield, Elizabeth & Ayorech, Ziada [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). Developmental milestones in early childhood and genetic liability to neurodevelopmental disorders. PsyArXiv (Preprint artikkel).

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