Erlend Hem

• Fadum, Elin Anita; Bååthe, Fredrik; Bringedal, Berit; Rø, Karin & Hem, Erlend (2026). Doctors’ job shifts between non-profit and for-profit healthcare organisations: evidence from a national panel of doctors. BMC Research Notes. 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13104-026-07844-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective Concerns have been raised about doctors shifting jobs from non-profit to for-profit healthcare, leaving non-profit organisations understaffed. This study explores the extent and underlying reasons for such job transitions. A 2024 national survey of Norwegian doctors (n = 1973; 78% response) examined job shifts from non-profit to for-profit healthcare over the past 2 years. Results Fifty-one doctors (2.6%) had shifted from non-profit to for-profit healthcare in the past 2 years; 19 (37%) were still working in for-profit healthcare. A third of the doctors working in non-profit healthcare had considered switching to for-profit work (450/1517). This group was younger, less satisfied with their jobs, and reported higher sickness absence. Working hours were most often cited as a very important reason for shifting jobs.

• Børdahl, Per E & Hem, Erlend (2026). Farskapsbestemmelse før DNA – betydningen av svangerskapsvarighet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 7. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0458. Full text in Research Archive
• Wiik, Anne Margrethe Aalborg; Hem, Erlend & Lie, Anne Kveim (2025). Da penicillin kom til Norge. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0360. Full text in Research Archive
• Fadum, Elin Anita; Ekeberg, Øivind & Hem, Erlend (2025). Job satisfaction in doctors with suicidal ideation: a national longitudinal panel study 2002–2021. BMC Psychiatry. 25(1), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-07101-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background This study examined the relationship between doctors’ job satisfaction over time and suicidal ideation, additionally describing job satisfaction in doctors who reported suicidal planning and attempt(s). Methods A national panel of Norwegian doctors was surveyed between 2002 and 2021 using Warr’s Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) in 2002–2021, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in 2019/2021 and Paykel’s questionnaire for suicidal ideation in 2021. We included 1470 participating doctors in 2021 using multivariate logistic regression models to assess JSS and dimensions of MBI on suicidal ideation. Results Doctors with suicidal ideation (16%) scored on average 4.5 points lower on JSS (95% confidence interval (CI) -6.1 to -2.9) in 2019 with 7.2 points higher values of emotional exhaustion than the reference group (95% CI 5.4 to 9.1). Doctors with suicidal ideation consistently reported less job satisfaction in the period 2002–2021. In multivariate models, less JSS, higher values of emotional exhaustion and lower values of personal accomplishment remained predictors for suicidal ideation, whereas being in a relationship was a protective factor. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal planning and attempt(s) were 8.2% and 1.2%, respectively. Doctors with such suicidal behaviour had the highest values of emotional exhaustion in 2021 (32.1, 95% CI 29.5 to 34.8), but few stated work-problems as the main reason for a suicide attempt. Conclusions Doctors with suicidal ideation had less job satisfaction over a 20-year period prior to their suicidal ideation reports. Doctors with suicidal behaviour had the highest values of emotional exhaustion, but work problems were rarely reported as the main reason for a suicide attempt.

• Johansen, Anna Torp; Belanger, Sissel Marguerite; Reneflot, Anne; Hem, Erlend; Aakhus, Eivind & Øien-Ødegaard, Carine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Suicide and sociodemographic factors among older adults in norway: a register-based study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. ISSN 0933-7954. doi: 10.1007/s00127-025-03007-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Purpose Suicide rates are high among older adults, yet research on risk factors associated with suicide in this age group remain largely unexplored. This study aims to examine the relationship between suicide and sociodemographic characteristics among individuals aged 60 and older. Methods We utilized data from Norwegian national registries, identifying individuals aged 60 and older who died by suicide between 2005 and 2019 ( n  = 2060, 70.7% males), and used a case-control design. To examine the relationships between suicide and sociodemographic factors, we used descriptive analyses and conditional multivariate logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex and age categories. Results Among individuals aged 60 to 69, risk factors for suicide included receiving a disability pension (odds ratio (OR) = 2.79 males, OR = 7.71 females), having mixed income sources (OR = 1.79 males, OR = 3.70 females), living alone (OR = 2.49 males, OR = 2.46 females), and living in urban areas, which was associated with an increased risk for females (OR = 1.85). Among males, living alone was also a significant risk factor for suicide in the 70 to 79 age group (OR = 1.85), and those aged 80 and above (OR = 2.16). Living in rural areas reduced risk for females aged 80 and above (OR = 0.05). Conclusion This first register-based study of suicide in older adults in Norway highlights that living arrangements, urbanization level, and income source are significant risk factors for suicide among older adults. Interventions to improve social connectedness, with a focus on the urban-rural divide, could potentially reduce suicide risk. Sex and age categories should be considered in future research and when implementing preventive measures.

• Dalum, Helene Seljenes; Hem, Erlend; Ekeberg, Øivind; Stene-Larsen, Kim & Hauge, Lars Johan (2025). Suicide and utilisation of health-care services for depressive disorders among health-care professionals and clerics in Norway 2008–2021: a case-control study. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports. 21, p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100944. Full text in Research Archive
• Hovland, Ingvild Strand; Skogstad, Laila; Diep, Lien My; Ekeberg, Øivind; Ræder, Johan & Stafseth, Siv Anna Ulla-Britt Karlsson [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Burnout among intensive care nurses, physicians and leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national longitudinal study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-5172. 68(10), p. 1426–1435. doi: 10.1111/aas.14504. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Burnout is frequent among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals and may result in medical errors and absenteeism. The COVID-19 pandemic caused additional strain during working hours and also affected off-duty life. The aims of this study were to survey burnout levels among ICU healthcare professionals during the first year of COVID-19, describe those who reported burnout, and analyse demographic and work-related factors associated with burnout. Methods This was a national prospective longitudinal cohort study of 484 nurses, physicians and leaders working in intensive care units with COVID-19 patients in Norway. Burnout was measured at 6- and 12-month follow-up, after a registration of baseline data during the first months of the COVID epidemic. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), was used (range 0–100), burnout caseness defined as CBI ≥50. Bi- and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine baseline demographic variables and work-related factors associated with burnout caseness at 12 months. Results At 6 months, the median CBI score was 17, increasing to 21 at 12 months (p = .037), with nurses accounting for most of the increase. Thirty-two per cent had an increase in score of more than 5, whereas 25% had a decrease of more than 5. Ten per cent reported caseness of burnout at 6 months and 14% at 12 months (n.s.). The participants with burnout caseness were of significantly lower age, had fewer years of experience, reported more previous anxiety and/or depression, more moral distress, less perceived hospital recognition, and more fear of infection in the bivariate analyses. Burnout was the single standing most reported type of psychological distress, and 24 out of 41 (59%) with burnout caseness also reported caseness of anxiety, depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant associations of burnout caseness with fewer years of professional experience (p = .041) and borderline significance of perceived support by leader (p = .049). Conclusion In Norway, a minority of ICU nurses, physicians and leaders reported burnout 1 year into the pandemic. A majority of those with burnout reported anxiety, depression and/or PTSD symptoms combined. Burnout was associated with less years of professional experience.

• Al-Rammahy, Afaf; Fadum, Elin Anita; Nilssen, Yngvar; Larsen, Inger Kristin; Hem, Erlend & Bringedal, Berit (2024). Educational disparities in cancer incidence, stage, and survival in Oslo. Research in Health Services and Regions. 3. doi: 10.1007/s43999-024-00037-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives This study aimed to examine disparities in cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival rates across districts with differences in education levels in Oslo, Norway. Methods Aggregated data from the Cancer Registry of Norway in the period 2013-2021 were used to describe the distribution of cancer incidence and survival across Oslo’s 15 administrative districts, subsequently grouped into three areas based on the population’s level of education. Age-standardised incidence rates and five-year relative survival were calculated for colon, rectal, lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate cancer. The stage at the time of diagnosis was categorised as localised, regional, distant, and unknown for all cancer types except breast cancer, which was categorised into stage I-IV and unknown. Results Mid- and high-education areas had higher incidences of breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer, while the low-education area had higher incidence rates for lung cancer. The low-education area had a higher proportion diagnosed at a distant stage than the other groups for all cancer types studied, except breast cancer. The mid- and high-education areas had higher five-year relative survival rates overall. Conclusions Incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival varied between education areas. The variation indicates disparities in healthcare access, quality of care, and health behaviours. Addressing these disparities can help improve overall health outcomes and promote health equity.

• Dalum, Helene Seljenes & Hem, Erlend (2024). Redusert selvmordsrate blant leger i Norge. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(11). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0189. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Grenersen, Marte Petrikke (2024). Virale hemoragiske febersykdommer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0028. Full text in Research Archive
• Dalum, Helene Seljenes; Tyssen, Reidar; Moum, Torbjørn; Thoresen, Magne & Hem, Erlend (2024). Euthanasia of animals – association with veterinarians’ suicidal thoughts and attitudes towards assisted dying in humans: a nationwide cross-sectional survey (the NORVET study). BMC Psychiatry. 24(2). doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-05402-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Veterinarians are an occupational group with an increased suicide risk. Euthanasing animals may influence both veterinarians’ views on assisted dying in humans and their suicide risk. We investigated (I) attitudes towards assisted dying, (II) whether the field of work and the frequency of euthanasing animals were associated with positive attitudes towards human euthanasia, and (III) whether frequently euthanasing animals was associated with serious suicidal thoughts. Methods We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study among veterinarians in Norway (response rate: 75%). Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios for both positive attitudes towards human euthanasia and serious suicidal thoughts. The analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic and work-related factors. Results Fifty-five percent of the veterinarians agreed that euthanasia should be permitted for humans with a fatal disease and short life expectancy. Working with companion animals was independently associated with positive attitudes towards human euthanasia (OR = 1.66 (95% CI: 1.23–2.23)), while veterinarians’ frequency of euthanasing animals was not. Frequency of euthanasing animals was independently associated with serious suicidal thoughts, OR = 2.56 (95% CI: 1.35–4.87). Conclusions Veterinarians’ attitudes towards assisted dying in humans did not differ from those of the general population. Veterinarians’ frequency of euthanasing animals was not associated with positive attitudes towards euthanasia in humans. However, veterinarians working in companion animal practices were more likely to have positive attitudes towards euthanasia in humans. Moreover, euthanising animals five times or more a week was associated with serious suicidal thoughts. We need more research to infer about causality in these findings.

• Dalum, Helene Seljenes; Hem, Erlend; Ekeberg, Øivind; Reneflot, Anne; Stene-Larsen, Kim & Hauge, Lars Johan (2024). Suicide rates among health-care professionals in Norway 1980–2021. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 355, p. 399–405. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.128. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Suicide rates have been high in several health-care professions. Suicide rates were described in physicians, dentists, veterinarians, psychologists, pharmacists, nurses, as well as theologians, other graduates and the general population in Norway. Methods Data on educational attainment were linked to data on suicide and all-cause mortality from 1980 to 2021. Suicide rates were reported per 100,000 person-years. The total number of person-years included in the study was 66.4 and 67.2 million for males and females, respectively. Results Between 1980 and 2021, male veterinarians (35.9, 95 % CI 19.3–52.4), physicians (25.7, 21.3–30.2) and nurses (22.2, 16.6–27.7) had higher suicide rates compared others with higher education (11.7, 10.7–12.7). For females, this was the case for psychologists (15.0, 8.2–21.7) and nurses (9.3, 8.3–10.3), vs. others with higher education (5.1, 4.2–6.0). Suicide rates declined over the four decades for most groups. For physicians, suicide rates declined and approached the suicide rate of others with higher education. Suicide rates among physicians increased with age, with physicians over 60 years having twice as high suicide rates compared to others with higher education. Limitations The study included only educational status, not current occupation or employment status. This is a descriptive study, with some known risk factors for suicide not accounted for. Conclusions Suicide rates for physicians declined over time, but not for nurses. From 2010 to 2021, nurses of both genders was the only group with higher suicide rates compared to other graduates. The increased suicide rates among veterinarians, nurses, female psychologists and elderly physicians are concerning.

• Hem, Erlend; Nylenna, Magne & Larsen, Øivind (2023). Pasientjournalens mange roller. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 20, p. 11–30. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Kapittel i boka Nylenna M, Hem E. Husom N. red. Pasientjournalen. Michael 2023; 20: Supplement 31.

• Hovland, Ingvild Strand; Skogstad, Laila; Stafseth, Siv Anna Ulla-Britt Karlsson; Hem, Erlend; Diep, Lien My & Ræder, Johan [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Prevalence of psychological distress in nurses, physicians and leaders working in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national one-year follow-up study. BMJ Open. 13(12), p. e075190–e075190. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075190. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective To report and compare psychological distress as symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress among intensive care units’ (ICU) nurses, physicians and leaders at 12months after the baseline survey (spring 2020), during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Furthermore, to analyse which baseline demographic and COVID ICU-related factors have a significant impact on psychological distress at 12months. Design Prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study. Setting Nationwide, 27 of 28 hospitals with COVID ICUs in Norway. Participants Nurses, physicians and their leaders. At 12month follow-up 287 (59.3%) of 484 baseline participants responded. Primary and secondary outcome measures Symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-10 (HSCL-10). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress using the post-traumatic stress disease checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (PCL-5). Demographics (included previous symptoms of anxiety and depression) and COVID ICU-related factors (professional preparations, emotional experience and support) impacting distress at 12months. Results Psychological distress, defined as caseness on either or both HSCL-10 and PCL-5, did not change significantly and was present for 13.6% of the participants at baseline and 13.2% at 12month follow-up. Nurses reported significantly higher levels of psychological distress than physicians and leaders. Adjusted for demographics and the COVID ICU-related factors at baseline, previous symptoms of depression and fear of infection were significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression at 12months. Previous symptoms of depression, fear of infection and feeling of loneliness was significantly associated with more symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Conclusion One year into the COVID-19 pandemic 13.2% of the ICUs professionals reported psychological distress, more frequently among the nurses. Fear of infection, loneliness and previous symptoms of depression reported at baseline were associated with higher levels of distress. Protective equipment and peer support are recommended to mitigate distress.

• Kan, Zhanna; Søegaard, Erik Ganesh Iyer; Siqveland, Johan; Hussain, Ajmal; Hanssen-Bauer, Ketil & Jensen, Pia [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Coping, Social Support and Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Effect on Depression and Anxiety: Patients’ Experiences in Community Mental Health Centers in Norway. Healthcare. 10(5). doi: 10.3390/healthcare10050875. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Little is known about psychiatric patients’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of coping strategies, social support and loneliness with mental health symptoms among these patients. Methods: We recruited 164 patients from Community Mental Health Centers in June–July 2020. Participants responded to an online questionnaire on corona-related questions, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experience, Crisis Support Scale, a 3-item Loneliness Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. We used linear regression models to investigate associations between these and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results: Almost 51% were aged 31–50 years and 77% were females. Forty-six (28%) participants reported worsened overall mental health due to the pandemic. The reported rates of clinical depression and anxiety were 84% and 76%, respectively. Maladaptive coping was independently associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms. Loneliness was independently associated with depression symptoms. Conclusions: Patients in Community Mental Health Centers in Norway reported high rates of depression and anxiety symptoms. Many of them reported worsening of their mental health due to the pandemic, even at a time when COVID-19 infections and restrictive measures were relatively low. Maladaptive coping strategies and loneliness may be possible explanations for more distress. Keywords: anxiety; depression; COVID-19; coping; Community Mental Health Centers; loneliness; social support

• Dalum, Helene Seljenes; Tyssen, Reidar; Moum, Torbjørn Åge; Thoresen, Magne & Hem, Erlend (2022). Professional help-seeking behaviour for mental health problems among veterinarians in Norway: a nationwide, cross-sectional study (The NORVET study). BMC Public Health. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13710-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Veterinarians have a relatively high prevalence of mental health problems; however, research on professional help-seeking is limited. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health problems and professional help-seeking behaviour for such problems, and the independent factors associated with help-seeking behaviour among veterinarians in Norway. Method This cross-sectional study included all veterinarians in Norway (response rate 75%, 70% women). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for professional help-seeking for mental health problems. Analyses were controlled for socio-demographic, individual (personality trait reality weakness, SCL-5, attitudes toward mental illness), and work-related factors (work field, job stress). Results The prevalence of self-reported mental health problems in need of treatment was 30% (746/2494), significantly higher among women than men (36% vs. 15%). Fifty-four percent had sought professional help, women significantly more often (56%) than men (41%). Among veterinarians with serious suicidal thoughts, 50% (69/139) had sought help. Veterinarians most frequently related mental health problems to work problems (47%), women significantly more often (49%) than men (34%). Factors significantly associated with help-seeking were being female, OR = 2.11 (95% CI: 1.24–3.60), working with production animals, OR = 0.35 (0.13–0.98), public administration, OR = 2.27 (1.15–4.45), academia/research, OR = 4.78 (1.99–11.47) or ‘other’ fields, OR = 2.79 (1.23–6.32), and attitudes toward mental illness, OR = 1.32 (1.03–1.68). Conclusions Thirty percent of veterinarians in Norway reported mental health problems in need of treatment, and only half of them had sought professional help. A low degree of help-seeking was also seen among those with serious suicidal thoughts. Being female, positive attitudes toward treatment of mental illness, working in public administration, academia/research and ‘other’ field were associated with more help-seeking, while working in production animal practice was associated with less help-seeking. Interventions to increase help-seeking behaviour for mental health problems among veterinarians are warranted.

• Hem, Erlend (2022). Dr. Veres og Veres’ nål. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(17). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0559. Full text in Research Archive
• Dalum, Helene Seljenes; Tyssen, Reidar & Hem, Erlend (2022). Prevalence and individual and work-related factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among veterinarians in Norway: a cross-sectional, nationwide survey-based study (the NORVET study). BMJ Open. 12(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055827. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives Several studies have shown increased suicide rates among veterinarians. We investigated the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours and contributing and independent factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among veterinarians in Norway. Design Cross-sectional, nationwide survey. Participants 2596 veterinarians in Norway (response rate: 75%). Main outcome measure Paykel’s five-item questionnaire. Results In total, 27% (n=682/2567) of veterinarians in Norway felt that life was not worth living during the last year, 5% (n=139/2562) had serious suicidal thoughts, and 0.2% (n=6/2537) had attempted suicide. Female veterinarians reported significantly higher prevalence of suicidal feelings and thoughts than males. For serious suicidal thoughts, women had nearly twice the prevalence as their male colleagues (6.2% (n=108/1754) vs 3.6% (n=28/766), χ2: 6.5, p=0.011). Independent factors associated with serious suicidal thoughts were being single (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.72, p<0.05), negative life events (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.68, p<0.001) and the presence of mental distress (OR 2.75, 95% CI 2.14 to 3.52, p<0.001). The veterinarians related their serious suicidal thoughts to work and personal problems, and a lesser degree to family, social and other problems. Nearly twice as many women (53%, n=57/108) as men (28%, n=7/25) reported work problems as the most important contributing factor to their serious suicidal thoughts (χ2: 4.99, p=0.03). 4% (n=6/139) reported work problems as the only factor of importance. Conclusions Veterinarians in Norway have relatively high prevalence of suicidal feelings and thoughts, including serious suicidal thoughts. In multivariable analyses, the individual factors were more important than work-related ones, while work problems were the most reported contributing factor to serious suicidal thoughts by the veterinarians themselves. The role of gender and specific work-related factors should be further investigated to better understand the complexity of suicidal behaviour among veterinarians. Data availability statement Data are available on reasonable request. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

• Rostadmo, Martine; Strømme, Siri Lunde; Nylenna, Magne; Gulbrandsen, Pål; Hem, Erlend & Skovlund, Eva [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). How well do doctors understand a scientific article in English when it is not their first language? A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 11(6), p. 1–5. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043444. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction English is the lingua franca of science. How well doctors understand English is therefore crucial for their understanding of scientific articles. However, only 5% of the world’s population have English as their first language. Methods Objectives: To compare doctors’ comprehension of a scientific article when read in their first language (Norwegian) versus their second language (English). Our hypothesis was that doctors reading the article in Norwegian would comprehend the content better than those reading it in English. Design: Parallel group randomised controlled trial. We randomised doctors to read the same clinical review article in either Norwegian or English, before completing a questionnaire about the content of the article. Setting: Conference in primary care medicine in Norway, 2018. Participants: 130 native Norwegian-speaking doctors, 71 women and 59 men. One participant withdrew before responding to the questionnaire and was excluded from the analyses. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to read a review article in either Norwegian (n=64) or English (n=66). Reading time was limited to 7 min followed by 7 min to answer a questionnaire. Main outcome measures: Total score on questions related to the article content (potential range −9 to 20). Results Doctors who read the article in Norwegian had a mean total score of 10.40 (SD 3.96) compared with 9.08 (SD 3.47) among doctors who read the article in English, giving a mean difference of 1.32 (95% CI 0.03 to 2.62; p=0.046). Age was independently associated with total score, with decreased comprehension with increasing age. Conclusion The difference in comprehension between the group who read in Norwegian and the group who read in English was statistically significant but modest, suggesting that the language gap in academia is possible to overcome.

• Gravensteen, Ida Kathrine; Ekeberg, Øivind; Thiblin, Ingemar; Helweg-Larsen, Karin; Hem, Erlend & Rogde, Sidsel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Psychoactive substances in natural and unnatural deaths in Norway and Sweden - A study on victims of suicide and accidents compared with natural deaths in psychiatric patients. BMC Psychiatry. 19:33, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12888-019-2015-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The extent of post-mortem detection of specific psychoactive drugs may differ between countries, and may greatly influence the national death register’s classification of manner and cause of death. The main objective of the present study was to analyse the magnitude and pattern of post-mortem detection of various psychoactive substances by the manner of death (suicide, accidental, undetermined and natural death with a psychiatric diagnosis) in Norway and Sweden. Methods The Cause of Death Registers in Norway and Sweden provided data on 600 deaths in 2008 from each country, of which 200 were registered as suicides, 200 as accidents or undetermined manner of death and 200 as natural deaths in individuals with a diagnosis of mental disorder as the underlying cause of death. We examined death certificates and forensic reports including toxicological analyses. Results The detection of psychoactive substances was commonly reported in suicides (66 and 74% in Norway and Sweden respectively), accidents (85 and 66%), undetermined manner of deaths (80% in the Swedish dataset) and in natural deaths with a psychiatric diagnosis (50 and 53%). Ethanol was the most commonly reported substance in the three manners of death, except from opioids being more common in accidental deaths in the Norwegian dataset. In cases of suicide by poisoning, benzodiazepines and z-drugs were the most common substances in both countries. Heroin or morphine was the most commonly reported substance in cases of accidental death by poisoning in the Norwegian dataset, while other opioids dominated the Swedish dataset. Anti-depressants were found in 22% of the suicide cases in the Norwegian dataset and in 29% of suicide cases in the Swedish dataset. Conclusions Psychoactive substances were detected in 66 and 74% of suicides and in 85 and 66% of accidental deaths in the Norwegian and Swedish datasets, respectively. Apart from a higher detection rate of heroin in deaths by accident in Norway than in Sweden, the pattern of detected psychoactive substances was similar in the two countries. Assessment of a suicidal motive may be hampered by the common use of psychoactive substances in suicide victims.

• Hem, Erlend (2019). En tyngende opplevelse? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(17). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0688. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Øivind & Hem, Erlend (2019). Hvorfor går ikke selvmordsraten ned i Norge? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(11). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0943. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Børdahl, Per E (2018). Augusta Rasmussen - psykiater, pioner og tidens vitenskapelige sannheter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(11). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0712. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2018). Den medisinske krise. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(1), p. 1–6. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0401. Full text in Research Archive
• Tøllefsen, Ingvild Maria; Hem, Erlend; Ekeberg, Øivind; Zahl, Per Henrik & Helweg-Larsen, Karin (2017). Differing Procedures for Recording Mortality Statistics in Scandinavia. Crisis. ISSN 0227-5910. 38(2), p. 123–130. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000425. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2016). MERS eller mers? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(22), p. 1911–1911. doi: 10.4045/TIDSSKR.16.0931. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Natvig, Jacob B & Børdahl, Per E (2016). Finn Bøe - krig, medisin, musikk. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(5), p. 441–445. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0933. Full text in Research Archive
• Tøllefsen, Ingvild Maria; Thiblin, Ingemar; Helweg-Larsen, Karin; Hem, Erlend; Kastrup, Marianne & Nyberg, Ullakarin [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Accidents and undetermined deaths: Re-evaluation of nationwide samples from the Scandinavian countries. BMC Public Health. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3135-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background National mortality statistics should be comparable between countries that use the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases. Distinguishing between manners of death, especially suicides and accidents, is a challenge. Knowledge about accidents is important in prevention of both accidents and suicides. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of classifying deaths as accidents and undetermined manner of deaths in the three Scandinavian countries and to compare cross-national differences. Methods The cause of death registers in Norway, Sweden and Denmark provided data from 2008 for samples of 600 deaths from each country, of which 200 were registered as suicides, 200 as accidents or undetermined manner of deaths and 200 as natural deaths. The information given to the eight experts was identical to the information used by the Cause of Death Register. This included death certificates, and if available external post-mortem examinations, forensic autopsy reports and police reports. Results In total, 69 % (Sweden and Norway) and 78 % (Denmark) of deaths registered in the official mortality statistics as accidents were confirmed by the experts. In the majority of the cases where disagreement was seen, the experts reclassified accidents to undetermined manner of death, in 26, 25 and 19 % of cases, respectively. Few cases were reclassified as suicides or natural deaths. Among the extracted accidents, the experts agreed least with the official mortality statistics concerning drowning and poisoning accidents. They also reported most uncertainty in these categories of accidents. In a second re-evaluation, where more information was made available, the Norwegian psychiatrist and forensic pathologist increased their agreement with the official mortality statistics from 76 to 87 %, and from 85 to 88 %, respectively, regarding the Norwegian and Swedish datasets. Among the extracted undetermined deaths in the Swedish dataset, the two experts reclassified 22 and 51 %, respectively, to accidents. Conclusion There was moderate agreement in reclassification of accidents between the official mortality statistics and the experts. In the majority of cases where there was disagreement, accidents were reclassified as undetermined manner of death, and only a small proportion as suicides.

• Tønnessen, Espen; Rasdal, Vegard; Svendsen, Ida S.; Haugen, Thomas A.; Hem, Erlend & Sandbakk, Øyvind (2015). Concurrent Development of Endurance Capacity and Explosiveness: The Training Characteristics of World-Class Nordic Combined Athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (IJSPP). ISSN 1555-0265. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0309. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Performing at an elite level in Nordic combined requires both the explosiveness required for ski jumping performance as well as endurance capacity required for cross-country skiing. PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics of world-class Nordic combined athletes´ training, and to determine how endurance and non-endurance (i.e. strength, power and ski jumping) training is periodized. METHODS: Annual training characteristics and the periodization of endurance and non-endurance training were determined by analysing the training diaries of six world-class Nordic combined athletes. RESULTS: Of 846 ± 72 annual training hours, 540 ± 37 hours were endurance training, with 88.6% being low-, 5.9% moderate- and 5.5% high-intensity training. While training frequency remained relatively constant, the total training volume was reduced from the general preparatory to the competition phase, primarily due to less low- and moderate-intensity training (p<0.05). 236 ± 55 hours per year were spent as non-endurance training, including 211 ± 44 hours of jump training (908 ± 165 ski jumps and ski-jump imitations). The proportion of non-endurance training increased significantly towards the competition phase (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: World-class Nordic combined athletes reduce the volume of low- and moderate-intensity endurance training towards the competition phase, followed by an increase in the relative contribution of power and ski jump training. These data provide novel insight on how successful athletes execute their training, and may facilitate more precise coaching of future athletes in this sport. Additionally, this information is of high relevance for the training organization of other sports that require optimization of two fundamentally different physical capacities.

• Tønnessen, Espen; Haugen, Thomas Andre; Hem, Erlend; Leirstein, Svein & Seiler, Stephen (2015). Maximal aerobic capacity in the winter-olympics endurance disciplines: Olympic-medal benchmarks for the time period 1990-2013. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (IJSPP). ISSN 1555-0265. 10(7), p. 835–839. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0431. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Nylenna, Magne; Hem, Erlend & Husom, Nina (2023). Pasientjournalen - språk, dokumentasjon og helsekompetanse. Det norske medicinske Selskab. ISBN 9788292871737. 207 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Nylenna, Magne (2021). Helsespråk. Det norske medicinske Selskab. ISBN 9788292871775. 223 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Kirkevold, Marit; Friis, Svein & Vaglum, Per Jørgen Wiggen (2021). Innføring i klinisk forskning og fagutvikling. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215056593. 218 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2016). Verken syk eller frisk. Sunnhet og sykdom er ikke lenger hva de var. Tidsskriftet. Den norske legeforening. ISBN 9788280701190. 133 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Øivind & Hem, Erlend (2016). PRAKTISK SELVMORDSFOREBYGGING. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205494732. 240 p. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

• Wandem, Fredrik Solli & Hem, Erlend (2026). Podkast: Idiot, MBD og Asperger – Diagnosene som forsvant - Senter for spesialpedagogisk forskning og inkludering (SpedAims). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Tidligere fantes det diagnoser i skolen og i helsevesenet som vi ikke bruker i dag. Mange av disse begrepene er helt borte. Andre har fått nye navn, og noen har blitt slått sammen med andre diagnoser. Men hvorfor endrer og fjerner vi diagnoser?

• Uhlen-Strand, Marte-Mari & Hem, Erlend (2026). Oral health literacy = munnhelsekompetanse | Den norske tannlegeforenings Tidende. 136, p. 392–393. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Health literacy kalles på norsk for helsekompetanse. Tilsvarende bør oral health literacy betegnes munnhelsekompetanse.

• Hem, Erlend & Bringedal, Berit (2025). Dårligere kvalitet med private løsninger. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(5). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0156. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2025). Når egennavn blir en del av allmennspråket. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0580. Full text in Research Archive
• Breivold, Jørgen & Hem, Erlend (2025). Portvakt eller portvokter? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0177. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2025). Edvard Munchs hjerteblod. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0504. Full text in Research Archive
• Børdahl, Per E & Hem, Erlend (2025). Hvordan har svangerskapets varighet blitt beregnet gjennom tidene? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0459. Full text in Research Archive
• Børdahl, Per E & Hem, Erlend (2025). Sandborg-Vedelers tang – en innovasjon i fødselstangens gullalder. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(8). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0022. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Frich, Jan C (2025). Ibsens lommebok – et innblikk i dikterens resepter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(5), p. 1–16. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0526. Full text in Research Archive
• Dissen, Erik & Hem, Erlend (2025). Lymfeknuter er verken kjertler eller glandler. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(1). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0241. Full text in Research Archive
• Valeur, Jørgen & Hem, Erlend (2025). Larmen fra tarmen. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0069. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2025). Færre selvmord blant leger enn før. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(2). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0626. Full text in Research Archive
• Dalum, Helene Seljenes & Hem, Erlend (2024). Legepanelet fornyes og utvides. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(3). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0033. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Skjønsberg, Ole Henning (2024). Clara-celler blir til klubbeceller. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(5), p. 1–3. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0549. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Roos, Merethe & Valeur, Jørgen (2024). Rolv Gjessing - den tvetydige pioneren. 21(4), p. 473–481. doi: 10.56175/michael.11938. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Roos, Merethe & Valeur, Jørgen (2024). Rolv Gjessing - et hundreårsminne. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 21(4), p. 385–386. doi: 10.56175/michael.11931. Full text in Research Archive
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar & Hem, Erlend (2024). Lukket inne-syndrom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(1), p. 1–4. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0184. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2024). Kampen mot jomfruhinnen. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(8), p. 1–4. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0502. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Nylenna, Magne (2024). Norsk medisinsk fagspråk bør rødlistes – ikke svartelistes. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Gjesdal, Knut Tjøl; TranebjÆrg, lisbeth & Nylenna, Magne (2024). Historien om Jervell og Lange-Nielsens syndrom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0412. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2024). Stor arbeidsbelastning - Økt d⊘delighet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(1), p. 1–3. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0827. Full text in Research Archive
• Hovland, Ingvild Strand; Hem, Erlend & Lie, Irene (2024). Lite utbrenthet hos intensivpersonell under pandemien. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(13). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0464. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandbu, Morten & Hem, Erlend (2024). Ingen er sin egen sykdom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(9). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0575. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Øivind & Hem, Erlend (2024). Selvmordsforebygging – svakheter i ny retningslinje. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0385. Full text in Research Archive
• Nylenna, Magne; Hem, Erlend & Huksom, Nina (2023). Tidsskriftet Michael Supplement 31/2023 Pasientjournalen. doi: https:/www.michaeljournal.no/journal/1000/31. Full text in Research Archive
• Nylenna, Magne; Hem, Erlend & Husom, Nina (2023). Pasientjournalen – vår skjulte nasjonalli. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(7). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0135. Full text in Research Archive
• Heikkilä, Reino; Høye, Sigurd; Gjersvik, Petter & Hem, Erlend (2023). Uttrykket watchful waiting bør unngås. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(2), p. 1–3. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0581. Full text in Research Archive
• Nylenna, Magne & Hem, Erlend (2023). Klarspråk i Helse-Norge. Full text in Research Archive
• Wyller, Vegard Bruun Bratholm & Hem, Erlend (2023). Failure to thrive = sviktende utvikling. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(13). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0096. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Larsen, Øivind & Nylenna, Magne (2023). Ole Didrik Lærum. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Minneord om professor Ole Didrik Lærum (1940-2023)

• Hem, Erlend (2023). Apekopper bør kalles m-kopper på norsk. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(14). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0503. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2023). Depresjon og utbrenthet blant helsepersonell i Sverige. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(18), p. 1–2. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0753. Full text in Research Archive
• Bramness, Jørgen Gustav & Hem, Erlend (2023). Kald kalkun, kald tyrker eller brå avvenning? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(17). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0492. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Aga, Anna-Birgitte (2023). Angiitt eller angi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(16). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0488. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2023). Apekopper forblir apekopper på norsk. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(4). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0060. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2022). 30 års forskning om leger. 142(16). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0631. Full text in Research Archive
• Tønnesson, Johan Laurits; Grape, Signy & Hem, Erlend (2022). Om helsespråk. [Radio]. Podkasten SAKLIG! fra Forskningsmljøet Norsk sakprosa, UiO. Full text in Research Archive
• Ranhoff, Anette Hylen; Strand, Bjørn Heine & Hem, Erlend (2022). Iboende kapasitet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(9). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0241. Full text in Research Archive
• Nakken, Karl Otto; Svendsen, Torleiv & Hem, Erlend (2022). Den blonde kjempe. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0804. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hvem var modell for kirurgen og romanhelten Jonas Fjeld? Det kan ha vært doktor Tandberg på Lillehammer.

• Hem, Erlend (2022). Depresjon og utbrenthet blant svenske leger. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0373. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2022). Antibiotikaprofylakse eller infeksjonsprofylakse? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(3), p. 1–2. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0006. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2022). Selvmord blant leger. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 142(4). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0054. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2022). Leger kan føle seg som bedragere. 142(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0413. Full text in Research Archive
• Lie, Irene; Stafseth, Siv; Hovland, Ingvild Strand; Hem, Erlend; Skogstad, Laila & Hovde, Haakon [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Helsepersonells erfaringer med COVID-19 pasienter på intensivavdelinger i Norge. NSF-LIS. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Nylenna, Magne (2021). Språk er også medisin. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18, p. 7–13. Full text in Research Archive
• Nylenna, Magne & Hem, Erlend (2021). Begreper og betegnelser i helsespråket. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18, p. 14–25. Full text in Research Archive
• Larsen, Øivind; Hem, Erlend & Nylenna, Magne (2021). Jacob Birger Natvig. 18(2), p. 246–248. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Minneord om professor Jacob Birger Natvig.

• Larsen, Øivind; Hem, Erlend & Nylenna, Magne (2021). Tidsskriftet Michael - en programerklæring. Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 18(1), p. 7–11. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2021). Forskning som unndrar seg etterprøving. 14. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0027. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Knævelsrud, Helene & Johannessen, Helene Bustad (2020). Norsk fagspråk må styrkes. Full text in Research Archive
• Nylenna, Magne & Hem, Erlend (2020). Hva kan forskning om 1800-tallsepidemier lære oss i dag? Michael. ISSN 1893-9651. 17, p. 615–620. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Børdahl, Per E (2019). Ragnhild Vogt Hauge - psykiater, pioner og NS-medlem. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(10). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0944. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Øivind; Kvarstein, Elfrida H; Urnes, Øyvind; Eikenæs, Ingeborg Ulltveit-Moe & Hem, Erlend (2019). Pasienter med emosjonelt ustabil personlighetsforstyrrelse trenger tilpasset akuttbehandling. 139(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0492. Full text in Research Archive
• Søreide, Jon Arne & Hem, Erlend (2019). Roar Strøm - kirurgen som kom Zollinger og Ellison i forkjøpet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 139(18). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0292. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Øivind & Hem, Erlend (2018). Ø. Ekeberg & E. Hem svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(2), p. 109–109. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0006. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend; Nordhagen, Rannveig & Børdahl, Per E (2018). Vær alltid i godt humør - helseopplysning i 1920-årene. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(17). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0660. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Øivind & Hem, Erlend (2017). Kronisk suicidal? 137(21), p. 1682–1683. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0630. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Øivind & Hem, Erlend (2017). Kan vi forutsi selvmord? 137(21), p. 1680–1681. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0573. Full text in Research Archive
• Bretthauer, Michael & Hem, Erlend (2016). M. Bretthauer & E. Hem svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(1), p. 10–10. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.1307. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Madsen, Steinar (2016). Re: Smale legemidler. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(10), p. 894–894. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0441. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2016). Den Gud gir et embete, gir han også forstand. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 136(5), p. 449–450. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.1250. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend & Spigset, Olav (2016). Serotonergt eller serotoninergt syndrom? 136(11), p. 1018–1018. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0424. Full text in Research Archive
• Bretthauer, Michael & Hem, Erlend (2015). Omskjæring av gutter. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 135(21), p. 1926–1927. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0756. Full text in Research Archive
• Bretthauer, Michael & Hem, Erlend (2015). Vi trenger ikke flere tidsskrifter. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Full text in Research Archive
• Hem, Erlend (2015). Erlend Hem svarer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 135(17), p. 1572–1573. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0745. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA