Susanne Dudman

• Dudman, Susanne; Klundby, Ingvild; Øverbø, Joakim; Numanovic, Sanela; Nilsen, Mariann & Lind, Andreas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Trends in the enterovirus surveillance in Oslo, Norway before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers of Virology. 3, p. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1343781. Full text in Research Archive
• Garcia Llorente, Ignacio; Lee, Yunsung; Brynildsrud, Ola Brønstad; Eldholm, Vegard; Magnus, Per Minor & Blomfeldt, Anita [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Tracing the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during vaccine roll-out in Norway. Virus Evolution. ISSN 2057-1577. 10(1). doi: 10.1093/ve/vead081.
• Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Halvorsen, Bente; Holter, Jan Cato; Huse, Camilla; Tveita, Anders & Trøseid, Marius [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2023). Circulating markers of extracellular matrix remodelling in severe COVID-19 patients. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 294(6), p. 784–797. doi: 10.1111/joim.13725. Full text in Research Archive
• Shrestha, Sanjaya; Shrestha, Jasmin; Strand, Tor Arne; Numanovic, Sanela; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine & Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). The Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus in a Birth Cohort in Nepal. Microbiology Research. ISSN 0944-5013. 14(3), p. 909–917. doi: 10.3390/microbiolres14030063. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has a major impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. The viral aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases may remain unknown due to limited diagnostic facilities. Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are the third most frequent pathogen detected in stool specimens from AGE cases, yet their potential role in AGE is uncertain. In Nepal, limited data are available on NPEVs, due to both the lack of an adequate surveillance program and the availability of tests. The global polio eradication initiative effort of the WHO has eradicated the incidence of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from many parts of the world, including Nepal. However, cases of AFP associated with NPEVs have been reported in different countries, including the neighbouring India. This study aims to investigate the diarrhoeal stool samples from a birth cohort until the age of 36 months for NPEVs and the genotype diversity of NPEV in community children with diarrhoea. A total of 280 longitudinal diarrhoeal stool samples that were negative for other enteric pathogens were tested using RT-PCRs. NPEVs was detected in 97 stool specimens (34.6%) and were significantly more frequent in infants up to one year of age. This study identified 17 various NPEV types, with the dominating species being Enterovirus B (EV-B). Ten different types of echoviruses were recorded in this study, with the two rare NPEVs B74 and A120. Based on prevalence, seasonality, and diversity, further studies are warranted to investigate the role of enterovirus in diarrhoeal disease.

• Debes, Sara Molvig; Haug, Jon Birger; de Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer; Jonassen, Christine Genevieve Monceyron & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2023). Antibiotic Consumption in a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults with Viral Respiratory Tract Infection. Antibiotics. ISSN 2079-6382. 12(4). doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12040788. Full text in Research Archive
• Øverbø, Joakim; Binte Aziz, Asma; Zaman, K.; Clemens, John; Julin, Cathinka Halle & Qadri, Firdausi [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose regimen with hepatitis E virus vaccine in healthy adults in rural Bangladesh: A randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase 2/pilot trial. Vaccine. ISSN 0264-410X. 41(5), p. 1059–1066. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.064. Full text in Research Archive
• Baruch, Joaquin; Rojek, Amanda; Kartsonaki, Christiana; Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi; Gonçalves, Bronner P. & Pritchard, Mark G. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Symptom-based case definitions for COVID-19: Time and geographical variations for detection at hospital admission among 260,000 patients. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. ISSN 1750-2640. 16(6), p. 1040–1050. doi: 10.1111/irv.13039.
• Wainstein, Marina; MacDonald, Samual; Fryer, Daniel; Young, Kyle; Balan, Valeria & Begum, Husna [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Use of an extended KDIGO definition to diagnose acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: A multinational study using the ISARIC–WHO clinical characterisation protocol. PLoS Medicine. ISSN 1549-1277. 19(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003969.
• Reyes, Luis Felipe; Murthy, Srinivas; Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Merson, Laura; Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D. & Rello, Jordi [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study. Critical Care. ISSN 1364-8535. 26(1). doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04155-1.
• Cho, Sung-Min; White, Nicole; Premraj, Lavienraj; Battaglini, Denise; Fanning, Jonathon & Suen, Jacky [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children. Brain. ISSN 0006-8950. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac332.
• Gonçalves, Bronner P.; Hall, Matthew; Jassat, Waasila; Balan, Valeria; Murthy, Srinivas & Kartsonaki, Christiana [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). An international observational study to assess the impact of the Omicron variant emergence on the clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 11. doi: 10.7554/eLife.80556.
• Binte Aziz, Asma; Øverbø, Joakim; Dudman, Susanne; Julin, Cathinka Halle; Gabby Kwon, Yoon Jeong & Jahan, Yasmin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Synopsis: General Aspects and Focus on Bangladesh. Viruses. ISSN 1999-4915. 15:63(1), p. 1–15. doi: 10.3390/v15010063. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  HEV is the most common cause of acute hepatitis globally. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, testing, and treatment of HEV infection. We also focused on Bangladesh to highlight the distinct challenges and the possible remedies. In low-income settings, the virus is mainly transmitted between people by fecal contamination of drinking water causing large outbreaks, and sporadic cases. The disease is usually mild and self-limiting acute hepatitis. Still, pregnant women and their offspring in low-income countries are at particular risk for severe disease, with up to 20% maternal mortality. Despite the high burden of the disease, HEV remains a relatively neglected virus, with detection hampered by costly tests and a lack of suitable treatments. Molecular PCR diagnostics, together with ELISA antibody tests, remain the preferred methods for diagnosis of HEV; however, rapid bedside diagnostics are available and could offer a practical alternative, especially in low-income countries. One vaccine (HEV 239) is only available in China and Pakistan, as efficacy against the other genotypes remains uncertain. The effectiveness trial conducted in Bangladesh might lead the way in gathering more efficacy data and could, together with improved surveillance and raised awareness, dramatically reduce the global burden of HEV.

• Matthews, Philippa C.; Campbell, Cori; Săndulescu, Oana; Matičič, Mojca; Ruta, Simona Maria & Rivero-Juárez, Antonio [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2022). Acute severe hepatitis outbreak in children: A perfect storm. What do we know, and what questions remain? Frontiers in Pharmacology. ISSN 1663-9812. 13:1062408, p. 1–20. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1062408. Full text in Research Archive
• Barlinn, Regine; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Rollag, Halvor; Trogstad, Lill; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer & Magnus, Per Minor (2022). Maternal cytomegalovirus infection and delayed language development in children at 3 years of age-a nested case-control study in a large population-based pregnancy cohort. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 17(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278623. Full text in Research Archive
• Øverbø, Joakim; Binte Aziz, Asma; Zaman, K.; Julin, Cathinka Halle; Qadri, Firdausi & Stene-Johansen, Kathrine [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Stability and Feasibility of Dried Blood Spots for Hepatitis E Virus Serology in a Rural Setting. Viruses. ISSN 1999-4915. 14:2525, p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/v14112525. Full text in Research Archive
• Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Merson, Laura; Kennon, Kalynn; Kelly, Sadie; Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru & Fryer, Daniel Vidali [Show all 1,775 contributors for this article] (2022). ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Scientific Data. ISSN 2052-4463. 9(1). doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01534-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Granerud, Beathe Kiland; Ueland, Thor; Lind, Andreas; Søraas, Arne Vasli; Fevang, Børre & Steffensen, Anne Katrine [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Omicron Variant Generates a Higher and More Sustained Viral Load in Nasopharynx and Saliva Than the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses. ISSN 1999-4915. 14(11). doi: 10.3390/v14112420. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 spreads more easily than earlier variants, possibly as a result of a higher viral load in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. Hence, we investigated whether the Omicron variant generates a higher viral load than that of the Delta variant in saliva and nasopharynx. Both specimens were collected from 52 Omicron and 17 Delta cases at two time points one week apart and analyzed by qRT-PCR. Viral load was measured as 10 log RNA genome copies per 1000 human cells according to the WHO reference standard. We found that Omicron cases carried a higher viral load and had more sustained viral shedding compared to the Delta cases, especially in the nasopharynx.

• Debes, Sara Molvig; Haug, Jon Birger; De Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer; Jonassen, Christine M & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2022). Clinical Outcome of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Adults in Norway: High Degree of Inflammation and Need of Emergency Care for Cases With Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Frontiers in medicine. ISSN 2296-858X. 9. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.866494. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The clinical features and outcomes of viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in adults have not been thoroughly studied, especially the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden. It has become apparent that outbreaks of RSV in the elderly are associated with increased hospitalization rates. However, little data exists on the severity of such viral RTIs in adults, particularly the need for hospitalization, respiratory support and intensive care. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational single-center study at Østfold Hospital Trust, Norway, during three winter seasons 2015–2018. Patients ≥18 years with either influenza A, influenza B, RSV A/B, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 1–4 or adenovirus detected in respiratory specimens were included, if they were hospitalized 14 days prior or following the detection date, with signs of RTI. Hospital records on treatment and outcome were investigated, as well as mortality of all causes up to 30 days from discharge. Results: Of the 1222 infection events that were included, influenza A was the most frequent virus detected (39%), while 179 infection events (14.6%) were due to RSV. Influenza B counted for 24% of the infection events, human metapneumovirus 13%, parainfluenza virus 9% and adenovirus 1%. Patients admitted with RSV more often suffered from COPD and congestive heart failure than patients with influenza A. In addition, RSV patients were overrepresented in the urgent response NEWS score (National Early Warning Score) category ≥5. RSV patients also showed signs of more severe inflammation, with WBC ≥11.1 × 109/L and CRP >100 mg/L, and they were more often treated with antibiotic agents during their hospital stay. However, we found no differences in the need for ICU admission or mortality. Conclusion: Patients with RSV had more often high values for markers of inflammation and elevated NEWS score when compared to patients hospitalized with other common respiratory viruses. Taken into account that they suffered more frequently from comorbidities like COPD, these patients needed hospitalization more urgently. These findings highlight the need for further investigations on RSV disease in adults and the elderly.

• Søraas, Arne Vasli; Grødeland, Gunnveig; Granerud, Beathe Kiland; Ueland, Thor; Lind, Andreas & Fevang, Børre [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2022). Breakthrough infections with the omicron and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 result in similar re-activation of vaccine-induced immunity. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13:964525, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964525. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Results showing that sera from double vaccinated individuals have minimal neutralizing activity against Omicron have been interpreted as indicating the need for a third vaccine dose for protection. However, there is little information about early immune responses to Omicron infection in double vaccinated individuals. Methods: We measured inflammatory mediators, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and spike peptide-induced release of interferon gamma in whole blood in 51 double-vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron, in 14 infected with Delta, and in 18 healthy controls. The median time points for the first and second samples were 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, respectively. Findings: Infection with Omicron or Delta led to a rapid and similar increase in antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Omicron protein and spike peptide-induced interferon gamma in whole blood. Both the Omicron- and the Delta-infected patients had a mild and transient increase in inflammatory parameters. Interpretation: The results suggest that two vaccine doses are sufficient to mount a rapid and potent immune response upon infection in healthy individuals of with the Omicron variant.

• Tveita, Anders Aune; Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Holter, Jan Cato; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Michelsen, Annika Elisabet & Lerum, Tøri Vigeland [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2022). High Circulating Levels of the Homeostatic Chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 Predict Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19. Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0022-1899. 226(12), p. 2150–2160. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac313. Full text in Research Archive
• Degenhardt, Frauke; Ellinghaus, David; Juzenas, Simonas; Lerga-Jaso, Jon; Wendorff, Mareike & Maya-Miles, Douglas [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations. Human Molecular Genetics. ISSN 0964-6906. 31(23), p. 3945–3966. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac158. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended genome-wide association meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3255 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12 488 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a ∼0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism that creates two highly differentiated haplotypes and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative including non-Caucasian individuals, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung.

• Bouziotis, Jason; Arvanitakis, Marianna; Preiser, Jean-Charles; Abbas, Ali; Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann & Abdulkadir, Nurul Najmee [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Association of body mass index with COVID-19 related in-hospital death. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 41(12), p. 2924–2926. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.017. Full text in Research Archive
• Hammer, Quirin; Dunst, Josefine; Christ, Wanda; Picarazzi, Francesca; Wendorff, Mareike & Momayyezi, Pouria [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 encodes for an HLA-E-stabilizing peptide that abrogates inhibition of NKG2A-expressing NK cells. Cell reports. ISSN 2211-1247. 38(10). doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110503. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that contribute to host defense against virus infections. NK cells respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and are activated in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, by which mechanisms NK cells detect SARS-CoV-2-infected cells remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Non-structural protein 13 of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for a peptide that is presented by human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E). In contrast with self-peptides, the viral peptide prevents binding of HLA-E to the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, thereby rendering target cells susceptible to NK cell attack. In line with these observations, NKG2A-expressing NK cells are particularly activated in patients with COVID-19 and proficiently limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected lung epithelial cells in vitro. Thus, these data suggest that a viral peptide presented by HLA-E abrogates inhibition of NKG2A+ NK cells, resulting in missing self-recognition.

• Knudsen, Per Kristian; Lind, Andreas; Klundby, Ingvild & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2022). The incidence of infectious diseases and viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 amongst hospitalised children in Oslo, Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic 2020–2021. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus. ISSN 2667-0380. 2:100060(1), p. 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100060. Full text in Research Archive
• Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann; Abe, Ryuzo; Abel, Laurent; Absil, Lara; Acker, Andrew & Adachi, Shingo [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). COVID‐19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study. Infection. ISSN 0300-8126. 49, p. 889–905. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01599-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann; Abe, Ryuzo; Abel, Laurent; Absil, Lara; Acharya, Subhash & Acker, Andrew [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Ten months of temporal variation in the clinical journey of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 10:e70970, p. 1–30. doi: 10.7554/eLife.70970. Full text in Research Archive
• Reyes, Luis Felipe; Murthy, Srinivas; Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Irvine, Mike; Merson, Laura & Martin-Loeches, Ignacio [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: a prospective, multinational, multicentre, observational study. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 8(1). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00552-2021. Full text in Research Archive
• Debes, Sara Molvig; Haug, Jon Birger; De Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben; Jonassen, Christine M & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2021). Etiology of viral respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults, and evidence of the high frequency of prehospitalization antibiotic treatment in Norway. Health Science Reports. ISSN 2398-8835. 4(4). doi: 10.1002/hsr2.403. Full text in Research Archive
• Niemi, Mari E.K.; Karjalainen, Juha; Liao, Rachel G.; Neale, Benjamin M.; Daly, Mark & Ganna, Andrea [Show all 84 contributors for this article] (2021). Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 600(7889), p. 472–477. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.

• Gibory, Moustafa; Bruun, Tone; Flem, Elmira; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Haltbakk, Ildri & Størdal, Ketil [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Genetic diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Norway before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in children. Journal of Medical Virology. ISSN 0146-6615. 00, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27484. Full text in Research Archive
• Helfferich, J; Roodbol, Joyce; de Wit, Marie-Claire; Brouwer, Oebele F; Jacobs, Bart C. & Aberle, Stephan W. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Acute flaccid myelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome in children: A comparative study with evaluation of diagnostic criteria. European Journal of Neurology. ISSN 1351-5101. 29(2), p. 593–604. doi: 10.1111/ene.15170. Full text in Research Archive
• Shrestha, Jasmin; Shrestha, Sanjaya; Strand, Tor Arne; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn & Vikse, Rose [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Diversity of rotavirus strains in children; Results from a community-based study in Nepal. Frontiers in medicine. ISSN 2296-858X. 8:712326, p. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712326. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence and genetic diversity of Rotavirus (RV) infection among children up to 3 years of age in a community in Nepal. Methods: We investigated community-acquired cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic RV infections in children from birth to 36 months of age in a community-based birth cohort in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Monthly surveillance and diarrheal stool samples were collected from 240 children enrolled at birth, of which 238 completed the 3 years of follow-up. Samples were screened for rotavirus by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). All RV screened positives were further genotyped by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the capsid genes VP7 and VP4. Results: In total, 5,224 stool samples were collected from 238 children, followed from birth to 36 months of age. Diarrhea occurred in 92.4% (230/238) of all children in the cohort. During the 3 years study period, RV was more frequently seen in children with symptoms (7.6%) than in non-symptomatic children (0.8%). The highest RV detection rate was found in younger children between 3 and 21 months of age. Although rotavirus is known as winter diarrhea, it was detected throughout the year except in August. The highest positivity rate was observed in the months between December and March, with a peak in January. Four common G types were seen: G2 (30%), G1 (29%), G12 (19%), and G9 (16%). The most predominant genotypes seen were G2P[4] (30%), followed by G1P[8] (27.0%), G12P[6] (14.0%), G9P[8] (10%), and remaining were mixed, partial, and untyped. Conclusion: Our study confirms that rotavirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children in the community. The prevalence and pathogenicity of rotavirus infection differed by age. There was substantial variability in circulating strains in the community samples compared to samples collected from hospitals. This shows the importance of including community-based surveillance systems to monitor the diversity of circulating rotavirus strains in Nepal.

• Eliassen, Knut Eirik Ringheim; Ocias, Lukas; Krogfelt, Karen; Wilhelmsson, Peter; Dudman, Susanne & Andreassen, Åshild Kristine [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Tick-transmitted co-infections among erythema migrans patients in a general practice setting in Norway: a clinical and laboratory follow-up study. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06755-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Erythema migrans (EM) is the most common manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. Here, we examined EM patients in Norwegian general practice to find the proportion exposed to tick-transmitted microorganisms other than Borrelia, and the impact of co-infection on the clinical manifestations and disease duration. Methods Skin biopsies from 139/188 EM patients were analyzed using PCR for Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. Follow-up sera from 135/188 patients were analyzed for spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia, A. phagocytophilum and Babesia microti antibodies, and tested with PCR if positive. Day 0 sera from patients with fever (8/188) or EM duration of ≥ 21 days (69/188) were analyzed, using PCR, for A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp. and N. mikurensis. Day 14 sera were tested for TBEV IgG. Results We detected no microorganisms in the skin biopsies nor in the sera of patients with fever or prolonged EM duration. Serological signs of exposure against SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum were detected in 11/135 and 8/135, respectively. Three patients exhibited both SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum antibodies, albeit negative PCR. No antibodies were detected against B. microti. 2/187 had TBEV antibodies without prior immunization. There was no significant increase in clinical symptoms or disease duration in patients with possible co-infection. Conclusions Co-infection with N. mikurensis, A. phagocytophilum, SFG Rickettsia, Babesia spp. and TBEV is uncommon in Norwegian EM patients. Despite detecting antibodies against SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum in some patients, no clinical implications could be demonstrated.

• Barratt-Due, Andreas; Olsen, Inge Christoffer; Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina; Kåsine, Trine; Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof & Hoel, Hedda Benedicte [Show all 43 contributors for this article] (2021). Evaluation of the Effects of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine on Viral Clearance in COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0003-4819. 174(9), p. 1261–1269. doi: 10.7326/M21-0653. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: New treatment modalities are urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) Solidarity trial showed no effect of remdesivir or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on mortality, but the antiviral effects of these drugs are not known. Objective: To evaluate the effects of remdesivir and HCQ on all-cause, in-hospital mortality; the degree of respiratory failure and inflammation; and viral clearance in the oropharynx. Design: NOR-Solidarity is an independent, add-on, randomized controlled trial to the WHO Solidarity trial that included biobanking and 3 months of clinical follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04321616). Setting: 23 hospitals in Norway. Patients: Eligible patients were adults hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intervention: Between 28 March and 4 October 2020, a total of 185 patients were randomly assigned and 181 were included in the full analysis set. Patients received remdesivir (n = 42), HCQ (n = 52), or standard of care (SoC) (n = 87). Measurements: In addition to the primary end point of WHO Solidarity, study-specific outcomes were viral clearance in oropharyngeal specimens, the degree of respiratory failure, and inflammatory variables. Results: No significant differences were seen between treatment groups in mortality during hospitalization. There was a marked decrease in SARS-CoV-2 load in the oropharynx during the first week overall, with similar decreases and 10-day viral loads among the remdesivir, HCQ, and SoC groups. Remdesivir and HCQ did not affect the degree of respiratory failure or inflammatory variables in plasma or serum. The lack of antiviral effect was not associated with symptom duration, level of viral load, degree of inflammation, or presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at hospital admittance. Limitation: The trial had no placebo group. Conclusion: Neither remdesivir nor HCQ affected viral clearance in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

• Ueland, Thor; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Woll, Bjørn Martin; Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Pettersen, Frank O. & Lind, Andreas [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Increased inflammatory markers reflecting fibrogenesis are independently associated with cardiac involvement in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 82(5), p. 186–230. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.017.
• Benschop, Kimberley; Broberg, Eeva; Hodcroft, E; Schmitz, D; Albert, Jan & Baicus, A [Show all 69 contributors for this article] (2021). Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Trajectory of Emerging Echovirus 30, Europe. Emerging Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1080-6040. 27(6), p. 1616–1626. doi: 10.3201/eid2706.203096. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In 2018, an upsurge in echovirus 30 (E30) infections was reported in Europe. We conducted a large-scale epidemiologic and evolutionary study of 1,329 E30 strains collected in 22 countries in Europe during 2016–2018. Most E30 cases affected persons 0–4 years of age (29%) and 25–34 years of age (27%). Sequences were divided into 6 genetic clades (G1–G6). Most (53%) sequences belonged to G1, followed by G6 (23%), G2 (17%), G4 (4%), G3 (0.3%), and G5 (0.2%). Each clade encompassed unique individual recombinant forms; G1 and G4 displayed >2 unique recombinant forms. Rapid turnover of new clades and recombinant forms occurred over time. Clades G1 and G6 dominated in 2018, suggesting the E30 upsurge was caused by emergence of 2 distinct clades circulating in Europe. Investigation into the mechanisms behind the rapid turnover of E30 is crucial for clarifying the epidemiology and evolution of these enterovirus infections.

• Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar; Shrestha, Jasmin; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Strand, Tor A; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn (2021). Genetic diversity of astrovirus in children from a birth cohort in Nepal. Frontiers in Microbiology. ISSN 1664-302X. 11, p. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588707. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: This study describes the types of Human astroviruses detected in stool samples collected from a birth cohort of children in Nepal. Methods: Using a commercial kit (ProSpecT), a total of 5,224 diarrheal and non-diarrheal stool samples were screened for Human astrovirus by ELISA. RT-PCR was performed on ELISA positive samples (2.8%) for further confirmation. The primary RT-PCR assay used targets the ORF2 region and detects human astrovirus type 1–8. Samples that were negative in this assay were further analyzed using primers that target the ORF1b region of human astrovirus which detect both classical type (HAstV 1–8) and novel types (MLB1–5, VA 1–5). PCR positive samples were analyzed by Sanger sequencing to determine the genotype. Results: A total of 148 available ELISA positive stool samples were analyzed by RT-PCR and further genotyped. RT-PCR analysis of these samples using the ORF2 and ORF1b assay revealed that 124 (84%) were positive for classical human types (HAstV 1–8). Seven different classical HAstV genotypes based on ORF2 and ORF1a were identified (HAstV 1- HAstV 8) with the greatest prevalence of HAstV 5 genotype (42.2%), followed by HAstV 1 (34.7%), HAstV 2 and HAstV 8 (7.4%), HAstV 4 (4.1%), HAstV 3 (3.3%), and HAstV 6 (0.8%). Non-classical types were not detected in our study. Conclusion: A high diversity of circulating Astrovirus strains were detected in young children, both with and without symptoms of gastroenteritis. HAstV 5 and HAstV 1 were the most common genotypes in young children in Nepal.

• Smura, Teemu; Blomqvist, Soile; Kolehmainen, Pekka; Schuffenecker, Isabelle; Lina, Bruno & Böttcher, Sindy [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2020). Aseptic meningitis outbreak associated with echovirus 4 in Northern Europe in 2013–2014. Journal of Clinical Virology. ISSN 1386-6532. 129. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104535.
• Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt; Holter, Jan Cato; Christensen, Erik; Schjalm, Camilla; Tonby, Kristian & Pischke, Soeren [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2020). Increased interleukin-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78710-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Ueland, Thor; Heggelund, Lars; Lind, Andreas; Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Tonby, Kristian & Michelsen, Annika [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2020). Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in patients with severe COVID-19. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 147(1), p. 92–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.007. Full text in Research Archive
• Holter, Jan Cato; Pischke, Soeren; de Boer, Eline; Lind, Andreas; Jenum, Synne & Holten, Aleksander Rygh [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2020). Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 117(40), p. 25018–25025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010540117. Full text in Research Archive
• Zaman, K; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Stene- Johansen, Kathrine; Qadri, Firdausi; Yunus, Md & Sandbu, Synne [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2020). HEV study protocol : design of a cluster- randomised, blinded trial to assess the safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of the hepatitis E vaccine HEV 239 (Hecolin) in women of childbearing age in rural Bangladesh . BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 10:e033702, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033702. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoel, Hedda Benedicte; Heggelund, Lars; Reikvam, Dag Henrik; Stiksrud, Birgitte; Ueland, Thor & Michelsen, Annika [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). Elevated markers of gut leakage and inflammasome activation in COVID-19 patients with cardiac involvement. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. doi: 10.1111/joim.13178. Full text in Research Archive
• Gibory, Moustafa; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Flem, Elmira; Haltbakk, Ildri & Dudman, Susanne Marie Rogne Gjeruldsen (2020). Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of co‐infections with enteric viruses in Norway. Journal of Medical Virology. ISSN 0146-6615. 92(12), p. 3151–3156. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26013. Full text in Research Archive
• Barlinn, Regine; Trogstad, Lill; Rollag, Halvor; Frøen, Jahn Frederik; Magnus, Per & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2020). Parvovirus B19 DNAemia in pregnant women in relation to perinatal death: A nested case‐control study within a large population‐based pregnancy cohort. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6349. 99(7), p. 856–864. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13801. Full text in Research Archive
• Hayes, Alexander G.; Nguyen, Dung; Andersson, Monique I.; Antón, Andres; Bailly, Jean-Luc & Beard, Stuart [Show all 45 contributors for this article] (2019). A European multicentre evaluation of detection and typing methods for human enteroviruses and parechoviruses using RNA transcripts. Journal of Medical Virology. ISSN 0146-6615. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25659. Full text in Research Archive
• Julin, Cathinka Halle; Hjortaas, Kristian; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Sandbu, Synne; Øverbø, Joakim & Stene-Johansen, Kathrine [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Hepatitis E in Pregnant Women and the Potential Use of HEV Vaccine to Prevent Maternal Infection and Mortality. Current Tropical Medicine Reports. ISSN 2196-3045. 6(4), p. 197–204. doi: 10.1007/s40475-019-00193-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Mollers, Madellef; Barnadas, Celine; Broberg, Eeva; Penttinen, Pasi; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hauge, Siri Helene [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Current practices for respiratory syncytial virus surveillance across the EU/EEA Member States, 2017. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 24(40). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.40.1900157. Full text in Research Archive
• Mirinaviciute, Grazina; Barlinn, Regine Eva Annica; Dudman, Susanne Marie Rogne Gjeruldsen & Flem, Elmira (2019). Immunity to varicella zoster virus among pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221084. Full text in Research Archive
• Paulsen, Katrine Mørk; Vikse, Rose; Soleng, Arnulf; Edgar, Kristin Skarsfjord; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Wiklund, Berit Sofie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). TBE in Norway. In Dobler, Gerhard; Erber, Wilhelm; Bröker, M. & Schmitt, Heinz-Josef (Ed.), The TBE Book. Global Health Press. ISSN 9789811409141. doi: 10.33442/978-981-14-0914-1_12b-24.
• Knoester, Marjolein; Helfferich, J; Poelman, Randy; Van Leer-Buter, Coretta; Brouwer, OF & Niesters, Hubert G.M. [Show all 72 contributors for this article] (2019). Twenty-nine Cases of Enterovirus-D68-associated Acute Flaccid Myelitis in Europe 2016: A Case Series and Epidemiologic Overview. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. ISSN 0891-3668. 38(1), p. 16–21. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002188. Full text in Research Archive
• Milhano, Natacha Alexandra da Fonseca; Borge, Kaja Sverdrup; Bragstad, Karoline & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2018). Management strategies of enterovirus D68 outbreaks: current perspectives. Virus Adaptation and Treatment. ISSN 1179-1624. 10, p. 1–7. doi: 10.2147/VAAT.S140376. Full text in Research Archive
• Broberg, Eeva K.; Simone, Benedetto; Jansa, Josep; Prochazka, Birgit; Wyndham-Thomas, Chloé & Van Ranst, Marc [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2018). Upsurge in echovirus 30 detections in five EU/EEA countries, April to September, 2018. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 23(44). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.44.1800537. Full text in Research Archive
• Bollestad, Marianne; Berg, Åse; Rake, Matias Mathisen; Dudman, Susanne Marie Rogne Gjeruldsen & DORENBERG, DAGNY HAUG (2018). En kvinne i 30-årene med sterk hodepine. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(9). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0444. Full text in Research Archive
• Barlinn, Regine; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Trogstad, Lill; Gibory, Moustafa; Müller, Fredrik & Magnus, Per [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Maternal and congenital cytomegalovirus infections in a population-based pregnancy cohort study. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 126(12), p. 899–906. doi: 10.1111/apm.12899.
• Siira, Lotta Linnea; Nøkleby, Hanne Magdalene; BARLINN, REGINE; Riise, Øystein Rolandsen; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2018). Response to third rubella vaccine dose. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. ISSN 2164-5515. 14(10), p. 2472–2477. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1475814.
• Harvala, Heli; Broberg, Eeva; Benschop, Kimberley; Berginc, Natasa; Ladhani, Shamez & Susi, Petri [Show all 66 contributors for this article] (2018). Recommendations for enterovirus diagnostics and characterisation within and beyond Europe. Journal of Clinical Virology. ISSN 1386-6532. 101, p. 11–17. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.008. Full text in Research Archive
• Mögling, Ramona; Zeller, Hervé; Revez, Joana; Koopmans, Marion; Reusken, Chantal & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2017). Status, quality and specific needs of Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostic capacity and capability in National Reference Laboratories for arboviruses in 30 EU/EEA countries, MAY 2016. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 22(36). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.36.30609.
• Gibory, Moustafa; Haltbakk, Ildri; Flem, Elmira; Vainio, Kirsti; Valcarcel Salamanca, Beatriz & Størdal, Ketil [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Rotavirus detection in bulk stool and rectal swab specimens in children with acute gastroenteritis in Norway. Journal of Clinical Virology. ISSN 1386-6532. 97, p. 50–53. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.10.017. Full text in Research Archive
• Milhano, Natacha Alexandra da Fonseca; Korslund, Lars; Evander, Magnus; Ahlm, Clas; Vainio, Kirsti & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). Circulation and diagnostics of Puumala virus in Norway: nephropatia epidemica incidence and rodent population dynamics. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 125(8), p. 732–742. doi: 10.1111/apm.12712.
• Barlinn, Regine; Rollag, Halvor; Trogstad, Lill; Vainio, Kirsti; Basset, Coraline & Magnus, Per [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). High incidence of maternal parvovirus B19 infection in a large unselected population-based pregnancy cohort in Norway. Journal of Clinical Virology. ISSN 1386-6532. 94, p. 57–62. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.07.010.
• Lange, Heidi; Øverbø, Joakim; Borgen, Katrine; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Hoddevik, Gunnar M & Urdahl, Anne Margrete [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Hepatitis E in Norway: seroprevalence in humans and swine. Epidemiology and Infection. ISSN 0950-2688. 145(1), p. 181–186. doi: 10.1017/S0950268816002144. Full text in Research Archive
• Rosenstierne, Maiken Worsøe; Karlberg, Helen; Bragstad, Karoline; Lindegren, Gunnel; Stoltz, Malin Lundahl & Salata, Cristiano [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Rapid bedside inactivation of Ebola virus for safe nucleic acid tests. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. ISSN 0095-1137. 54(10), p. 2521–2529. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00346-16.
• Voltersvik, Pål; Aqrawi, Lara Adnan; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Hungnes, Olav; Bostad, Leif & Brokstad, Karl Albert [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Pulmonary changes in Norwegian fatal cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) infection: a morphologic and molecular genetic study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. ISSN 1750-2640. 10(6), p. 525–531. doi: 10.1111/irv.12410. Full text in Research Archive
• Poelman, Randy; Schuffenecker, Isabelle; Van Leer-Buter, Coretta; Josset, Laurence; Niesters, Hubert G.M. & Lina, Bruno [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). European surveillance for enterovirus D68 during the emerging North-American outbreak in 2014. Journal of Clinical Virology. ISSN 1386-6532. 71, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.296.
• Paulsen, Katrine Mørk; Pedersen, Benedikte Nevjen; Soleng, Arnulf; Yohanns B, Okbaldet; Pettersson, John & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks from three islands in north-western Norway. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 123(9), p. 759–764. doi: 10.1111/apm.12412.
• Pfeiffer, Helle Cecilie; Bragstad, Karoline; Skram, Marius Kurås; Dahl, Hilde Margrete; Knudsen, Per Kristian & Chawla, Maninder Singh [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). Two cases of acute severe flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 infection in children, Norway, autumn 2014. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 20(10). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.10.21062. Full text in Research Archive
• Findal, Gry; Barlinn, Regine; Sandven, Irene; Stray-Pedersen, Babill; Nordbø, Svein Arne & Samdal, Helvi Holm [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Toxoplasma prevalence among pregnant women in Norway: A cross-sectional study. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 123(4), p. 321–325. doi: 10.1111/apm.12354.
• Cuber, Piotr; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Vainio, Kirsti; Asman, Marek; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Szilman, Piotr [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). Risk of exposure to ticks (Ixodidae) and the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks in Southern Poland. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. ISSN 1877-959X. 6(3), p. 356–363. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.02.010.
• Bragstad, Karoline; Jakobsen, Kirsti; Rojahn, Astrid; Skram, Marius Kurås; Vainio, Kirsti & Holberg-Petersen, Mona [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). High frequency of enterovirus D68 in children hospitalised with respiratory illness in Norway, autumn 2014. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. ISSN 1750-2640. 9(2), p. 59–63. doi: 10.1111/irv.12300.
• Pereyaslov, D; Rosin, P; Palm, D; Zeller, H; Gross, D & Brown, CS [Show all 85 contributors for this article] (2014). Laboratory capability and surveillance testing for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the who european region, June 2013. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 19(40). Full text in Research Archive
• Florek, Nicholas W.; Weinfurter, Jason T.; Jegaskanda, Sinthujan; Brewoo, Joseph N.; Powell, Tim D. & Young, Ginger R. [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2014). Modified vaccinia virus ankara encoding influenza virus hemagglutinin induces heterosubtypic immunity in macaques. Journal of Virology. ISSN 0022-538X. 88(22), p. 13418–13428. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01219-14.
• Hjetland, Reidar; Henningsson, Anna J.; Vainio, Kirsti; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Grude, Nils & Ulvestad, Elling (2014). Seroprevalence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in healthy adults from western Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0036-5548. 47(1), p. 52–56. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2014.959044.
• Fernandez-Garcia, M; Negredo, *; Papa, *; Donoso-Mantke, *; Niedrig, * & Zeller, * [Show all 38 contributors for this article] (2014). European survey on laboratory preparedness, response and diagnostic capacity for crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever, 2012. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 19(26). Full text in Research Archive
• Larsen, Astrid Lervik; Kanestrøm, Anita; Bjørland, Marthe; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Soleng, Arnulf & Vene, Sirkka [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Detection of specific IgG antibodies in blood donors and tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks within a non-endemic area in southeast Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0036-5548. 46(3), p. 181–184. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2013.865140.
• BARLINN, REGINE; Vainio, M Kirsti; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Nøkleby, Hanne & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2014). Susceptibility to cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and age-dependent differences in levels of rubella antibodies among pregnant women. Journal of Medical Virology. ISSN 0146-6615. 86(5), p. 820–826. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23757.
• Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Vainio, M Kirsti; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Gilray, Janice & Willoughby, Kim (2013). Tick-borne encephalitis virus and louping-ill virus may co-circulate in Southern Norway. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. ISSN 1530-3667. 13(10), p. 762–768. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1023.
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Steinbakk, Martin; Elstrøm, Petter; Larssen, Kjersti Wik; Gran, Frode Width & VESTRHEIM, DIDRIK FRIMANN [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2013). Human Clinical Isolates. In Simonsen, Gunnar Skov & Urdahl, Anne Margrete (Ed.), NORM/NORM-VET 2012; Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Universitet i Nord-Norge, Veterinærinstituttet og Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 1502-2307. p. 57–85.
• Rykkvin, Rikard; Kilander, Anette; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hungnes, Olav (2013). Within-patient emergence of the influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 HA1 222G variant and clear association with severe disease, Norway. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 18(3), p. 3–13.
• Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Jore, Solveig; Cuber, Piotr; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Tengs, Torstein & Isaksen, Ketil [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2012). Prevalence of tick borne encephalitis virus in tick nymphs in relation to climatic factors on the southern coast of Norway. Parasites & Vectors. ISSN 1756-3305. 5. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-177. Full text in Research Archive
• Watanabe, Tokiko; Imai, Masaki; Watanabe, Shinji; Shinya, Kyoko; Hatta, Masato & Li, Chengjun [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2012). Characterization In Vitro and In Vivo of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Patients. Journal of Virology. ISSN 0022-538X. 86(17), p. 9361–9368. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01214-12.
• Waalen, Kristian; Kilander, Anette; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Ramos-Ocao, Remilyn Vicenta R. & Hungnes, Olav (2012). Age-dependent prevalence of antibodies cross-reactive to the influenza A(H3N2) variant virus in sera collected in Norway in 2011. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 17(19).
• Vainio, M Kirsti; Steen, T W; Arnesen, T M; Rønning, Karin; Ånestad, Gabriel & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2012). Measles virus genotyping an important tool in measles outbreak investigation in Norway, 2011. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 17(50).
• Yri, Olav Erich; Torfoss, Dag; Hungnes, Olav; Tierens, Anne; Waalen, Kristian & Nordøy, Tone [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2011). Rituximab blocks protective serologic response to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination in lymphoma patients during or within 6 months after treatment. Blood. ISSN 0006-4971. 118(26), p. 6769–6771. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-372649. Show summary

  Cancer patients are often encouraged to receive seasonal influenza vaccination. The monoclonal antibody rituximab is widely used in treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This results in a prolonged depletion of normal B cells, which might impair humoral responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether lymphoma patients undergoing rituximab-containing treatment regimens or having received such regimens within the past 6 months were able to mount protective antibody responses to the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus vaccine Pandemrix during the 2009 “swine flu” pandemic. Contrary to the control group, where 82% responded adequately to the vaccine, none of the 67 patients achieved protective antibody titers, suggesting that lymphoma patients receiving rituximab-containing regimens might not benefit from this vaccine. It is important that doctors who care for such patients are aware that they may fail to respond not only to the influenza vaccine, but also to other common vaccines.

• Watanabe, Tokiko; Shinya, Kyoko; Watanabe, Shinji; Imai, Masaki; Hatta, Masato & Li, Chengjun [Show all 38 contributors for this article] (2011). Avian-type receptor-binding ability can increase influenza virus pathogenicity in Macaques. Journal of Virology. ISSN 0022-538X. 85(24), p. 13195–13203. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00859-11.
• Heyman, P; Ceianu, CS; Christova, I; Tordo, N; Beersma, M & Alves, MJ [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2011). A five-year perspective on the situation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and status of the hantavirus reservoirs in Europe, 2005-2010. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 16(36).
• Vainio, M Kirsti; Rønning, Karin; Steen, TW; Arnesen, TM; Ånestad, Gabriel & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2011). Ongoing outbreak of measles in Oslo, Norway, January-February 2011. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 16(8), p. 9–11.
• Heyman, P; Ceianu, CS; Christova, I; Tordo, N; Beersma, M & Joao, Maria [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2011). A five-year perspective on the situation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and status of the hantavirus reservoirs in Europe, 2005-2010. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 16(36). doi: 10.2807/ese.16.36.19961-en.
• Vainio, M Kirsti; Noraas, Sølvi; Holmberg, Marte; Fremstad, Hege Reinertsen; Wahlstrøm, H & Ånestad, Gabriel [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Fatal and mild primary dengue virus infections imported to Norway from Africa and south-east Asia, 2008-2010. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 15(38).
• Kilander, Anette; Rykkvin, Rikard; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hungnes, Olav (2010). Observed association between the HA1 mutation D222G in the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus and severe clinical outcome, Norway 2009-2010. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 15(9), p. 6–8.
• Waalen, Kristian; Kilander, Anette; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Krogh, Grethe Hermansen; Aune, Torstein & Hungnes, Olav (2010). High prevalence of antibodies to the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in the Norwegian population following a major epidemic and a large vaccination campaign in autumn 2009. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 15(31).
• Hauge, Siri Helene; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Borgen, Katrine; Hungnes, Olav; Brantsæter, Arne Broch & Iversen, Bjørn Gunnar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Sykdom forårsaket av nytt A(H1N1)-influensavirus. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 129(17), p. 1736–1739. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0748.
• Hauge, Siri Helene; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Borgen, Katrine; Lackenby, Angie & Hungnes, Olav (2009). Oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1), Norway, 2007-08. Emerging Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1080-6040. 15(2), p. 155–162. doi: 10.3201/eid1502.081031.
• Hauge, Siri Helene; Blix, Hege Salvesen; Borgen, Katrine; Hungnes, Olav; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Aavitsland, Preben (2009). Sales of oseltamivir in Norway prior to the emergence of oseltamivir resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses in 2007-08. Virology Journal. ISSN 1743-422X. 6. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-54.
• Ciancio, BC; Meerhoff, TJ; Kramarz, P; Bonmarin, I; Borgen, Katrine & Boucher, CA [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2009). Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses detected in Europe during season 2007-8 had epidemiologic and clinical characteristics similar to co-circulating susceptible A(H1N1) viruses. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 14(46), p. 13–20.
• Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine & Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal (2008). Resistens ved virusinfeksjoner. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128(22), p. 2597–2600.
• Hungnes, Olav & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2008). Resistens hos influensavirus. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 128(22), p. 2601–2606.
• Lackenby, A; Hungnes, Olav; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Meijer, A; Paget, WJ & Hay, AJ [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Emergence of resistance to oseltamivir among influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Europe. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 13(5).

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• Aziz, Asma; Julin, Cathinka H.; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Øverbø, Joakim; Ali, Mohammad & Stene-Johansen, Kathrine [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2023). Exposure to Hepatitis E vaccine (Hecolin®) and pregnancy outcome: Preliminary results from a Phase IV effectiveness study in rural Bangladesh.
• Zaman, K.; Julin, Cathinka H.; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Yunus, Md; Qadri, Firdausi & Gurley, Emily S. [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). Safety and effectiveness of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine among women of child bearing age: a large-scale, cluster randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 4 trial in rural Bangladesh.
• Øverbø, Joakim; Aziz, Asma; Zaman, K.; Clemens, John D.; Julin, Cathinka H. & Qadri, Firdausi [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Promising results from a hepatitis E vaccine study in rural Bangladesh.
• Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Øverbø, Joakim; Aziz, Asma; Julin, Cathinka H.; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine & Qadri, Firdausi [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2023). Immunogenicity after three doses of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in female participants in a randomized placebo-controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.
• Øverbø, Joakim; Aziz, Asma; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine & Julin, Cathinka H. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Promising results from a hepatitis E vaccine study in rural Bangladesh.
• Dudman, Susanne (2022). Prospect for a Hepatitis E vaccine.
• Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Øverbø, Joakim (2022). Hepatitt E - en verdensomspennende epidemi og en lovende vaksine.
• Abbas, Ali; Abdukahil, Sheryll Ann; Abdulkadir, Nurul Najmee; Holter, Jan Cato; Müller, Fredrik & Dudman, Susanne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1473-3099. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00565-X.
• Grødeland, Gunnveig; Fossum, Even & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2021). Vaksinepodden.no: Vaksinene er her - hva nå?
• Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Øverbø, Joakim (2021). Gravide kan også vaksineres mot hepatitt E.
• Øverbø, Joakim; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Julin, Cathinka Halle; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Qadri, Dr Firdausi & Zaman, K [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Hepatitis E virus antibody detection using dried blood spots.
• Dudman, Susanne (2020). HEV Vaccine Study - trial status and preliminary results.
• Øverbø, Joakim; Dudman, Susanne; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Julin, Cathinka Halle & Sandbu, Synne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Hepatitis E virus IgG antibody detection using dried blood spots.
• Zaman, K & Dudman, Susanne (2020). Designing a cluster-randomized trial to assess the safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of a Hepatitis E vaccine in women of childbearing age in rural Bangladesh.
• Aziz, Asma; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Yunus, Md.; Øverbø, Joakim; Dudman, Susanne & Stene-Johansen, Kathrine [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2020). Hepatitis E vaccine safety in healthy adults: Data from a pilot phase of a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial.
• Ueland, Thor; Holter, Jan Cato; Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Muller, Karl Erik; Lind, A. & Bekken, Gry Klouman [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Distinct and early increase in circulating MMP-9 in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure: MMP-9 and respiratory failure in COVID-19. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 81(3), p. e41–e43. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.061.
• Øverbø, Joakim; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Julin, Cathinka Halle; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine & Dudman, Susanne (2019). Hepatitis E virus IgG antibody detection using dried blood spots. .
• Julin, Cathinka Halle; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Øverbø, Joakim; Qadri, Dr Firdausi & Rahman, Mustafizur [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2017). Feasibility of conducting a Hepatitis E vaccine trial in rural Bangladesh; Results from a pilot study.
• Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn; Rahman, Mustafizur; Julin, Cathinka Halle; Qadri, Dr Firdausi; Øverbø, Joakim & Stene-Johansen, Kathrine [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2017). Laboratory analysis plan for a phase IV effectiveness trial to evaluate the protection of pregnant women with a hepatitis E vaccine in rural Bangladesh and the risk factors for severe hepatitis E infection.
• Zaman, K; Dudman, Susanne; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Øverbø, Joakim; Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn & Julin, Cathinka Halle [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2017). Designing a cluster-randomized trial to assess the safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of a Hepatitis E vaccine in women of childbearing age in rural Bangladesh.
• Riise, Øystein Rolandsen; Rønning, Karin; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Sandbu, Synne (2017). Kan Norge holdes fritt for rubella og meslinger? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(14/15), p. 1004–1006. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0047.
• Paulsen, Katrine Mørk; Vikse, Rose; Soleng, Arnulf; Edgar, Kristin Skarsfjord; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Wiklund, Berit Sofie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2017). TBE in Norway. In Dobler, Gerhard; Erber, Wilhelm & Schmitt, Heinz-Josef (Ed.), TBE - The Book. Global Health Press Pte Ltd. ISSN 978-981-11-1903-3.
• Das Neves, Carlos G; Paulsen, Katrine Mørk; Gurung, D; Vainio, Kirsti; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Heum, Marianne [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). TICK-BORNE DISEASES IN A ONE HEALTH PERSPECTIVE, HOSTAND PATHOGEN INTERPLAYS – THE SEARCH FOR TBE VIRUS AND RELATED PATHOGENS IN WILD AND PRODUCTION ANIMALS. Show summary

  TBEV (Tick-borne encephalitis virus) and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are among the most important emerging vector-borne diseases in Europe transmit-ted by the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. I. ricinus is also known to transmit other pathogenic microorganisms like-louping ill virus, Anaplasma phagocytophi-lum, Neoerlichia spp. or Rickettsia spp. which may have an influence of the pathogenesis in humans and animals. Factors like climate change, human be-haviour and migrating animals are involved in the distribution of diseases. The main route of disease transmission is through tick bites, but wild and produc-tion animals are also susceptible to infection and can serve as sentinels/ early warning systems for transmission. 653 serum samples were collected in 15 of the 19 counties in mainland Nor-way from wild reindeer, moose, roe deer and red deer. 3240 nymph and 234 adult ticks were collected from six location sites of three counties in Norway, and 29 milk and serum samples were collected from bovine milk production farms in areas where TBE is known to be present. TBE IgG seroprevalence results from cervids shows that 32 of 653 tested sera had antibodies. The posi-tive TBE IgG sera were found in the counties of Vestfold, Østfold, Aust-Agder, Vest-Agder, Rogaland, Nord-Trøndelag and Nordland. Additional tests to discriminate between TBE and louping ill are currently under way (PCR and neutralization assays). The Estimated Pooled Prevalence (EPP) and the minimum infection rate (MIR) were calculated for nymphs and adults. TBEV were detected in most sites analysed with an overall EPP of 0.26 % in nymphs and 2.62 % in adults. The overall prevalence of DNA analysis of B. burgdorferi s.l. in adult ticks was 6.41%, A. phagocytophilum in nymph was 8% and in adult 19%. Of the total 29 analysed individual cow milk samples, results indicate prevalence of up to 25%, and preliminary PCR results seem to confirm the presence of the viral RNA in individual milk samples. These results seem to indicate that TBEV (and likely other emerging agents) is circulating in wild species and production animals, for which further studies should be conducted to evaluate the importance of these animals in the maintenance and transmission dynamics of TBEV in Norway or elsewhere.

• Paulsen, Katrine Mørk; Gurung, D; Yohanns B, Okbaldet; Gibory, Moustafa; Pedersen, Benedikte Nevjen & Vainio, Kirsti [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2016). Tick-borne diseases in a one health perspective, host and pathogen interplays The search for TBE virus and related pathogens. Show summary

  TBEV (Tick-borne encephalitis virus) and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are among the most important vector-borne diseases that are emerging. They are the main diseases transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe. I. ricinus is known to transmit other pathogenic microorganisms like- louping ill virus, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and endosymbionts like-Wolbachia pipientis and Midichloria mitochondrii that may have an influence of the pathogenesis in humans and animals. Factors like climate change, human behavior and migrating animals are involved in the distribution of diseases. The main route of disease transmission is through tick bites, but infection through alimentary system for serious infectious agents like TBEV and wild and production animals as sentinels for transmission. The knowledge of natural foci and prevalence of these infectious microorganisms is important for risk assessment of human disease. Preliminary results from 3240 nymph and 234 adult ticks were collected from six location sites of three counties in Norway. The tick samples were analyzed and minimum infection rate/prevalence was calculated. Body fluids of the host animals are valuable epidemiological parameters for TBEV like cow milk and serum from sheep and cows. This study confirms the existence of TBEV endemic foci compared to earlier study. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l., were analyzed in adult ticks while the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum, W. pipientis, M. mitochondrii were studied in nymph and adults. TBEV were detected in a new location in Hordaland county. The detection of TBEV in milk and serum from cows has never been reported in Norway before.

• Vainio, Kirsti; Bruun, Tone; Bekkevold, Terese; Rojahn, Astrid; Størvold, Gunnar & Jakobsen, Kirsti [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2014). Aktiv sykehusovervåkning av rotavirus i Norge.
• Jore, Solveig; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Moustafa, Gibory; Katrine M, Paulsen; Soleng, Arnulf & Ottesen, Preben [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). TBEV along the coast of Southern and Western Norway.
• BARLINN, REGINE; Vainio, M Kirsti; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Nøkleby, Hanne & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2013). Age dependent differences in levels of rubella antibodies of pregnant women in Norway.
• Waalen, Kristian; Kilander, Anette; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Ramos-Ocao, Remilyn Vicenta R. & Hungnes, Olav (2012). Age-dependent seroprevalence to influenza A(H3N2) variant virus in 2011-comparison to immunity to seasonal influenza A(H3N2) circulating in the mid-1990's. Immunology. ISSN 0019-2805. 137, p. 634–634.
• Steen, Tore Wælgaard; Arnesen, Trude M; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Rojahn, Astrid & Rønning, Karin (2012). Meslingutbrudd ved økt reisevirksomhet og lav vaksinedekning. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 132(8), p. 937–939. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.1269.
• Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Jore, Solveig; Cuber, Piotr; Tengs, Torstein; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Ånestad, Gabriel [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Methodological difficulties in detection of Tick-born encephalitis virus, TBEV.
• Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Jore, Solveig; Cuber, Piotr; Tengs, Torstein; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Ånestad, Gabriel [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Prevalence of Tick-born encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks in Southern Norway.
• Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Hungnes, Olav & Hoddevik, Gunnar M (2011). Feilinformert om influensaserologi. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 131(2), p. 110–111.
• Yri, Olav Erich; Torfoss, Dag; Hungnes, Olav; Østenstad, Bjørn; Ekanger, Roald & Wader, Karin Fahl [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2011). LYMPHOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH RITUXIMAB-CONTAINING REGIMENS DO NOT ACHIEVE PROTECTIVE SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES TO H1N1 INFLUENZA VIRUS AFTER VACCINATION. Annals of Oncology. ISSN 0923-7534. 22, p. 131–131.
• Kilander, Anette; Rykkvin, Rikard; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hungnes, Olav (2010). Author's reply: Association of D222G substitution in haemagglutinin of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) with severe disease. Eurosurveillance. ISSN 1025-496X. 15(14).
• Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen & Jacobsen, Eivor J. Nordstrand (2022). Diagnostikk av vaksineforebyggbare virus. Strategimøte oktober 2020. Folkehelseinstitutet. ISSN 978-82-8406-264-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I regi av «Referansegruppen for ekstern kvalitetssikring i virologi og serologi» ble det den 29.10.2020 holdt strategimøte om «Diagnostikk av vaksineforebyggbare virus». For første gang ble strategimøtet avholdt digitalt. Strategimøte omhandlet vaksinasjon mot virale infeksjoner. Programkomiteen gjorde et utvalg av de vanligste og på andre måter mest relevante agensene. I tillegg ble det holdt innlegg om immunrespons ved vaksinasjon, både generelt og for spesielle grupper som immunsupprimerte og nyfødte. På grunn av sin spesielle relevans ble SARS-CoV-2 omtalt noe bredere, det ble gitt en oppdatering om både agenspåvisning, immunitet og vaksinestatus. Rapporten inneholder sammendrag og anbefalinger slik det kom frem på møtet, samt abstraktene og tabellene.

• Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen; Aase, Audun; Arnesen, Trude Margrete; Bergsager, Gro; Blystad, Hans Henrik & Bruun, Tone [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2018). Barnevaksinasjonsprogrammet i Norge. Rapport for 2017. Folkehelseinstituttet, Område for smittevern, miljø og helse. ISSN 1894-4299. Full text in Research Archive
• Aase, Audun; Barlinn, Regine; Bergsager, Gro; Bergsaker, Marianne A Riise; Blystad, Hans Henrik & Bruun, Tone [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2017). Barnevaksinasjonsprogrammet i Norge. Rapport for 2016. Folkehelseinstituttet, Område for smittevern, miljø og helse. ISSN 1894-4299. Full text in Research Archive
• Aase, Audun; Barlinn, Regine; Bergsager, Gro; Bergsaker, Marianne A Riise; Blystad, Hans Henrik & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2016). Barnevaksinasjonsprogrammet i Norge. Rapport for 2015. Folkehelseinstituttet, Område for smittevern, miljø og helse. ISSN 1894-4299. Full text in Research Archive
• Aarseth, Hans Petter; Bergsaker, Marianne A Riise; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Heier, Ingvild; Kløvstad, Hilde & Mork, Jon [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2016). Vaksine mot humant papillomavirus (HPV). Rapport fra arbeidsgruppe nedsatt av Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt for å vurdere om HPV-vaksine til gutter skal tilbys i program i Norge. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-705-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Ocampo, Joanne Michelle F; Jore, Solveig; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Wiklund, Berit Sofie; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Ottesen, Preben [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2016). Flått og flåttbårne sykdommer. Lyme borreliose og skogflåttencefalitt i 2015. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-742-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Kanestrøm, Anita; Litleskare, Irene; Bragstad, Karoline; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Bergersen, Bente Magny & Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2016). Usage of Antivirals and the Occurrence of Antiviral Resistance. RAVN in Norway 2015. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-769-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Dorenberg, Dagny Haug; Christensen, Andreas & Skaare, Dagfinn (2016). Laboratoriediagnostikk ved nye og utbruddsaktuelle virusinfeksjoner. Strategimøte 2015. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-629-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I regi av «Referansegruppe for ekstern kvalitetssikring i virologi og serologi» ble det holdt strategimøte om «Laboratorieberedskap ved nye og utbruddsaktuelle virusinfeksjoner» den 29. oktober 2015 ved Gjestehuset, Lovisenberg, i Oslo. Bakgrunnen for valg av tema var at det den siste tiden har blitt rapportert om flere utbrudd av nye «emerging» og kjente «re-emerging» virus. Det store ebolautbruddet i Vest-Afrika i 2014, samt oppdagelsen av et nytt coronavirus som ga alvorlig luftveisinfeksjon i 2012, viste behovet for beredskap innen dette feltet. Siden det kreves nær kommunikasjon med Folkhälsomyndigheten i Sverige vedrørende diagnostikk av viral blødningsfeber ble foredragsholder fra Stockholm invitert. Intensjonen med programmet var å sette fokus på utbruddsaktuelle virusinfeksjoner men ikke å gi en fullstendig oversikt over feltet. Rapporten inneholder oppsummering og anbefalinger slik det kom fram på møtet, samt sammendrag av foredragene (manuskriptene) som er gjengitt i sin helhet. I tillegg har det etter tillatelse fra foredragsholderne blitt vedlagt bildene fra presentasjonene på møtet.

• Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Barlinn, Regine; Haarr, Elisebet; Christensen, Andreas & Nordbø, Svein Arne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Laboratoriediagnostikk ved hepatitt B- og C-virusinfeksjoner – nye oppdateringer. Strategimøte 6. november 2014. Program, oppsummering, abstrakter. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-681-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Kjelland, Vivian; Vainio, Kirsti; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Fremstad, Hege Reinertsen & Soleng, Arnulf [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2015). ScandTick: Kartlegging av analysemetoder for diagnostikk av skogflåttencefalitt (TBE) i ØKS regionen. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8082-656-5.
• MacDonald, Emily; Lange, Heidi; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Wiklund, Berit Sofie; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Ottesen, Preben [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). Flått og flåttbårne sykdommer. Årsrapport 2013. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 1894-406X.
• Nøkleby, Hanne; Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hoddevik, Gunnar M (2014). Virologisk/serologisk ringtest 2/2013. Resultater og kommentarer. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 9788280826060.
• Kilander, Anette; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Hungnes, Olav & Waalen, Kristian [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). Usage of antivirals and the occurrence of antiviral resistance in Norway 2011-2012. RAVN 2011–12. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 978-82-8082-568-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Lange, Heidi; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Wiklund, Berit Sofie; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Noraas, Sølvi & Ottesen, Preben [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2013). Årsrapport. Flått og flåttbårne sykdommer. Lyme borreliose og skogflåttencefalitt i 2012. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 9788280825612. Full text in Research Archive
• Nøkleby, Hanne; Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hoddevik, Gunnar M (2013). Virologisk/serologisk ringtest 2/2012. Resultater og kommentarer. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 9788280825537.
• Nøkleby, Hanne; Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hoddevik, Gunnar M (2012). Virologisk/serologisk ringtest 2/2011. Resultater og kommentarer. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 9788280825025.
• Lange, Heidi; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Wiklund, Berit Sofie; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Noraas, Sølvi & Ottesen, Preben [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2012). Årsrapport. Flått og flåttbårne sykdommer: Lyme borreliose og skogflåttencefalitt i 2011. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt Oslo. ISSN 9788280825056. Full text in Research Archive
• Njølstad, Gro; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Kanestrøm, Anita; Christensen, Andreas & Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen (2012). Laboratoriediagnostikk ved Epstein-Barr-virusinfeksjoner. Strategimøte 1. november 2012 . Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 978-82-8082-580-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Nøkleby, Hanne; Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hoddevik, Gunnar M (2012). Virologisk/serologisk ringtest 1/2012. Resultater og kommentarer. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 9788280825285.
• Guzman Herrador, Bernardo; Arnesen, Trude; Bruun, Tone; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Elstrøm, Petter & Lange, Heidi [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2012). Smittsomme sykdommer hos utenlandsreisende. Årsrapport 2011. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 978-82-8082-533-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Comelli, Heidi Lange; Andreassen, Åshild Kristine; Dao, PhuongThi Xuan; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Noraas, Sølvi & Ottesen, Preben [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2011). Årsrapport : Flått og flåttbårne sykdommer Lyme borreliose og Skogflåttencefalitt i 2010. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 978-82-8082-471-4.
• Nøkleby, Hanne; Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen & Hoddevik, Gunnar M (2011). Virologisk/serologisk ringtest 1/2011. Resultater og kommentarer. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 978-82-8082-476-9.
• Åsjö, Birgitta; Vik, Inger Sofie Samdal; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Rollag, Halvor; Ormaasen, Vidar & Holberg-Petersen, Mona [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Utredning om nasjonalt overvåkingssystem for virusresistens. Rapport fra arbeidsgruppe. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt. ISSN 978-82-8082-385-4. Full text in Research Archive

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