Sverre Erik Kjeldsen

• Aaseth, Eirik; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik & Gravning, Jørgen (2026). Blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in a contemporary cohort of young adults. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 39(8), p. 1005–1012. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpag025. Full text in Research Archive
• Zeng, Guyu; Bidel, Zeinab; Yang, Qianqian; Canoy, Dexter; Woodward, Mark & Lewis, Julia [Show all 108 contributors for this article] (2026). Pharmacological blood-pressure lowering for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death across the full spectrum of chronic kidney disease severity: an individual-participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 407(10539), p. 1626–1638. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00367-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Gjelsvik, Bjørn & Klemsdal, Tor Ole (2026). Treatment of hypertension in Norway in relation to new European hypertension guidelines. Exploration of Medicine. 7. doi: 10.37349/emed.2026.1001390. Full text in Research Archive
• Nazarzadeh, Milad; Copland, Emma; Byrne, Karl Smith; Canoy, Dexter; Bidel, Zeinab & Woodward, Mark [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2025). Blood Pressure Lowering and Risk of Cancer: Individual Participant-Level Data Meta-Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Studies. JACC: CardioOncology. 7(5), p. 609–623. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2025.03.005. Full text in Research Archive
• Egan, Brent M.; Lackland, Daniel T.; Sutherland, Susan E.; Rakotz, Michael K.; Williams, Janet & Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2025). PERSPECTIVE – The Growing Global Benefits of Limiting Salt Intake: an urgent call from the World Hypertension League for more effective policy and public health initiatives. Journal of Human Hypertension. ISSN 0950-9240. 39(4), p. 241–245. doi: 10.1038/s41371-025-00990-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Excess dietary salt adversely impacts blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular health [1,2,3]. Reducing salt intake is a well-established intervention for hypertension prevention and management [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Multiple converging factors magnify the health and economic toll from excess salt consumption and amplify the benefits of limiting intake to healthier levels. The aims of this paper include: (i) highlighting factors underlying the growing time-dependent benefits of limiting salt consumption on BP and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events worldwide and (ii) encouraging policy and public health initiatives to limit sodium consumption to <2000 mg daily (<5000 mg NaCl) in adults, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO [16]), within ten years, recognizing more time may be required. Attaining healthier levels of salt intake will be rewarded by growing health and economic dividends throughout the 21st century.

• Olsen, Eirik; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Schmieder, Roland E.; Jamerson, Kenneth; Søraas, Camilla Lund & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2025). On-treatment systolic blood pressure and preserved kidney function in hypertensive patients with proteinuria. The VALUE Trial. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 34(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2025.2544715. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims We investigated on-treatment systolic BP (SBP) <130, 130–139 and ≥140 mmHg related to nephroprotection in 3065 patients with proteinuria and 10,738 patients without proteinuria in the VALUE Trial. Method and results Worsened kidney function (WKF) was ≥50% increase in serum creatinine, and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was dialysis/transplantation. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for covariates in the on-treatment SBP groups. Lower SBP was significantly related to less WKF (p < .001) in patients with proteinuria, both at <130 mmHg (n = 14/529, 2.6%) and 130–139 mmHg (n = 46/1176, 3.9%) compared to ≥140 mmHg (n = 145/1358, 10.7%). None of the 532 patients with proteinuria had ESKD at <130 mmHg, and only 11/1194 (0.9%) at 130–139 mmHg (p = .098) compared to 39/1339 (2.9%) at SBP ≥ 140 mmHg. In patients without proteinuria the relation between lower SBP and WKF was not significant (p = .23) at <130 mmHg (n = 24/1927, 1.2%) but significant (p = .04) at 130–139 mmHg (n = 74/4611, 1.6%) compared to SBP ≥ 140 mmHg (n = 117/4199, 2.8%). ESKD was 0.2%, 0.2% and 0.4% in the SBP groups, respectively. WKF fell from 12.1% in Q1 (highest SBP quartile) to 6.1% in Q2 (p = .023), 4.2% in Q3 (p = .006) and 2.8% in Q4 (p < .001) in patients with proteinuria and ESKD from 3.5% (Q1) to 1.6% (Q2) (p = .13), 0.7% (Q3) (p = .027) and 0.1% in Q4 (p = .009). In the patients without proteinuria, neither WKF nor ESKD showed statistically significant changes between SBP quartiles. Conclusions Our data suggest that, compared to SBP ≥ 140 mmHg, on-treatment SBP <130 and 130–139 mmHg were strongly related to nephroprotection in hypertensive patients with proteinuria.

• Olsen, Eirik; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Schmieder, Roland E; Jamerson, Kenneth; MacDonald, Thomas M & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2025). Low Achieved Systolic Blood Pressure Related to Kidney Protection in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic High-Risk Hypertensive Patients. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 38(12), p. 1106–1119. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaf093. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND Protecting the kidneys by lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive patients is not unequivocally settled. We tested the hypothesis that achieving lower average SBP in middle-aged and older high-risk hypertensive patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus through several years would clarify kidney protection. METHODS We analyzed patients 50–80 years with no cardiovascular events during the first 6 months of drug up-titration after randomization to valsartan or amlodipine, and with 3 or more visits onwards with standardized BP measurements. Adjusted Cox analyzes compared worsened kidney function defined as a 50% rise in se-creatinine on a minimum of two occasions at least 4 weeks apart or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in achieved SBP quartiles and in patients who achieved SBP < 130 and 130–139 mmHg with patients whose SBP remained ≥140 mmHg. RESULTS A total of 13,803 patients were investigated of whom 4,655 had DM. Patients with DM had less worsened kidney function at SBP 130–139 mmHg (HR = 0.524, 95% CIs 0.375–0.733, n = 1849, P < 0.001) and at SBP < 130 mmHg (HR = 0.538, CIs 0.316-0.915, n = 674, P = 0.022) compared with patients at ≥ 140 mmHg. They also had less ESKD at SBP 130-139 mmHg (HR = 0.442, CIs 0.196–1.000, P = 0.050) with a similar trend at SBP < 130 mmHg and in quartile analysis with only 1 ESKD in the lowest quartile. Findings in patients without DM (n = 9,148) were similar to DM. CONCLUSIONS In high-risk hypertensive patients aged 50–80 years, with and without DM, targeting SBP of 130–139 mmHg confers kidney protection with possible further benefit at the lower target of SBP < 130 mmHg. Clinical trials registration Trial Number NCT06395194, www.clinicaltrials.gov.

• Burnier, Michel; Azizi, Michel; Magne, Julien; Prejbisz, Aleksander; Cunha, Vitoria & Gupta, Pankaj [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2025). Patient perceptions, motivations and barriers to treatment adherence in hypertension: results of a questionnaire-based survey in five European countries. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 34(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2025.2513434. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Eirik; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Rognstad, Stine; Aune, Arleen; Brobak, Karl Marius & Bergland, Ola Undrum [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2025). Characteristics of adherent and non-adherent patients with hypertension in a Norwegian cross-sectional study. Exploration of Medicine. 6. doi: 10.37349/emed.2025.1001279. Full text in Research Archive
• Franchi, Matteo; Torrigiani, Ginevra; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Mancia, Giuseppe & Corrao, Giovanni (2024). Long-term exposure to antihypertensive drugs and the risk of cancer occurrence: evidence from a large population-based study. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003841. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: Available data on the association between antihypertensive drugs and cancer are characterized by a few years follow-up. Our aim has been to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to antihypertensive drugs and the risk of cancer occurrence. Methods: Using the healthcare utilization databases of the Lombardy region (Italy), individuals aged 40–85 years who had no previous history of cancer and were newly dispensed with at least one antihypertensive drug from the major drug classes between 2009 and 2011 were followed from the first drug dispensation to December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed according to the first drug used and the intention to treat principle, but also via an “as treated” approach, that is, by considering changes of and exposure to drugs during follow-up. The association between the duration of exposure to each drug class and the risk of cancer occurrence was evaluated using the adjusted Cox regression models. Results: The study cohort included 338 910 new drug users (median age, 59 years; 49.5% males). During a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 36 556 cancers occurred. There was no consistent significant association between the risk of cancer occurrence and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, or thiazides. A progressive, weak increase in cancer occurrence was associated with progressive exposure to calcium channel blockers and, limited to long-term exposure, to beta-blockers. A modest progressive increase in risk was observed also for thiazide-like and loop diuretics in the as treated, although not in the intention to treat approach. Conclusions: Long-term evaluation of exposure to antihypertensive drugs did not show consistent associations between thiazides, angiotensin-receptor blockers, or angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and the risk of cancer occurrence. A weak association was observed between cancer and the duration of exposure to calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers.

• Olsen, Erik; Jamerson, Kenneth; Schmieder, Roland E.; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Mariampillai, Julian Eek & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2024). Effects of valsartan vs amlodipine and achieved lower blood pressure on the incidence of end-stage kidney disease: The VALUE Trial. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.12.021. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background There is a paucity of data investigating the impact of antihypertensive drug classes and blood pressure (BP) treatment targets on the incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In patients with high-risk hypertension aged 50–80 years or above, we aimed to, 1) compare effects of valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, with amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker and, 2) assess the effect of achieving systolic BP <135 vs ≥135 mmHg on the ESKD incidence. Methods The VALUE Trial was a multicenter prospective double-blinded randomized clinical trial in patients with essential hypertension and high cardiovascular risk including known coronary disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and previous stroke, in which ESKD was a secondary endpoint defined as progression to kidney transplant and/or dialysis. Patients were randomized to either valsartan or amlodipine, with other anti-hypertensive medications as add-on if needed to reach the systolic BP target of <140 mmHg. Cox proportional hazards ratio (HR) was used to compare different treatment groups and achieved systolic BP <135 with ≥135 mmHg, during 3–6 years of follow-up. Results 15,245 patients were randomized and followed until 63,631 patient-years with only 90 patients lost to follow-up. The primary outcome, a composite of cardiac morbidity and mortality, was neutral between valsartan and amlodipine. On valsartan 47 patients (0.61 %) and on amlodipine 50 patients (0.66 %) developed ESKD (HR=1.02, 95 % CI 0.68–1.52, p =0.94). Achieved SBP <135 mmHg was strongly related to less ESKD (n =9/5036 patients, 0.2 %) compared with achieved SBP ≥135 mmHg (n =73/8766 patients, 0.8 %) (HR=0.28, CI 0.14–0.58, p <0.001). Conclusions In hypertensive patients with a high cardiovascular risk, valsartan and amlodipine have a similar impact on the incidence of end-stage kidney disease. Achieving SBP <135 mmHg, averaging 128.8/77.3 mmHg, is highly efficacious in kidney protection.

• Vrsalovic, Mislav; Heimark, Sondre; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Mehlum, Maria Hollund; Kjeldsen, Sverre & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hypertension-Treated Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: The VALUE Trial. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 81(7), p. 1628–1636. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22832. Full text in Research Archive
• Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Heimark, Sondre; Kjeldsen, Sverre & Burnier, Michel (2024). Medical Measures in Hypertensives Considered Resistant. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 37(5), p. 307–317. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpad118. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND Patients with resistant hypertension are the group of hypertensive patients with the highest cardiovascular risk. METHODS All rules and guidelines for treatment of hypertension should be followed strictly to obtain blood pressure (BP) control in resistant hypertension. The mainstay of treatment of hypertension, also for resistant hypertension, is pharmacological treatment, which should be tailored to each patient’s specific phenotype. Therefore, it is pivotal to assess nonadherence to pharmacological treatment as this remains the most challenging problem to investigate and manage in the setting of resistant hypertension. RESULTS Once adherence has been confirmed, patients must be thoroughly worked-up for secondary causes of hypertension. Until such possible specific causes have been clarified, the diagnosis is apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH). Surprisingly few patients remain with true TRH when the various secondary causes and adherence problems have been detected and resolved. Refractory hypertension is a term used to characterize the treatment resistance in hypertensive patients using ≥5 antihypertensive drugs. All pressor mechanisms may then need blockage before their BPs are reasonably controlled. CONCLUSIONS Patients with resistant hypertension need careful and sustained follow-up and review of their medications and dosages at each term since medication adherence is a very dynamic process.

• Kreutz, Reinhold; Brunström, Mattias; Burnier, Michel; Grassi, Guido; Januszewicz, Andrzej & Muiesan, Maria Lorenza [Show all 36 contributors for this article] (2024). 2024 European Society of Hypertension clinical practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.05.033. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Hjørnholm, Ulla; Kjær, Vibeke Norheim & Liestøl, Knut [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2024). Effect of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring on Adherence and Blood Pressure: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 37(10), p. 826–836. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpae059. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND Drug concentration in blood or urine is an acknowledged method to detect nonadherence. Observational studies suggest that informing patients about low or absent serum drug levels improves blood pressure (BP). We performed a multicenter randomized clinical trial to test the hypothesis that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could improve drug adherence and BP in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (HT). METHODS Patients were ≥18 years on stable treatment with at least 2 antihypertensive agents. We planned to randomize 80 nonadherent patients with a systolic daytime ambulatory BP ≥135 mm Hg to TDM intervention or not. The control group and the study personnel who measured BP remained uninformed about serum drug measurements throughout. All patients and physicians were blinded for BPs. Lifestyle advice and detailed information on the disease process and the importance of BP treatment were given to both groups. RESULTS From 2017 to 2022, we randomized 46 diagnosed nonadherent from a total of 606 patients with uncontrolled HT. The TDM group had a 6.7 (±14.5) mm Hg reduction from 147.9 (±10.3) to 141.1 (±14.1) mm Hg, and the control group experienced a 7.3 (±13.2) mm Hg reduction from 147.1 (±9.2) to 139.1 (±17.4) mm Hg, P = 0.9 between groups. Adherence improved in both groups, 73% in the TDM group and 59% in the control group became adherent at 3 months, P = 0.51. CONCLUSIONS In our prospective multicenter clinical trial of uncontrolled and nonadherent hypertensive patients, we found no additional effect of TDM on BP and drug adherence compared with standard care.

• Sevre, Kaja Holter; Rist, Aurora; Wachtell, Kristian; Devereux, Richard B.; Aurigemma, Gerard P. & Smiseth, Otto Armin [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2024). What Is the Current Best Drug Treatment for Hypertensive Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction? Review of the Totality of Evidence. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 37(1), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpad073. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND More than 90% of patients developing heart failure (HF) have an epidemiological background of hypertension. The most frequent concomitant conditions are type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and coronary disease, all disorders/diseases closely related to hypertension. METHODS HF outcome research focuses on decreasing mortality and preventing hospitalization for worsening HF syndrome. All drugs that decrease these HF endpoints lower blood pressure. Current drug treatments for HF are (i) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, (ii) selected beta-blockers, (iii) steroidal and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and (iv) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. RESULTS For various reasons, these drug treatments were first studied in HF patients with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, subsequently, they have been investigated and, as we see it, documented as beneficial in HF patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, HFpEF) and mostly hypertensive etiology, with effect estimates assessed partly on top of background treatment with the drugs already proven effective in HFrEF. Additionally, diuretics are given on symptomatic indications. CONCLUSIONS Considering the totality of evidence and the overall need for antihypertensive treatment and/or treatment of hypertensive complications in almost all HF patients, the principal drug treatment of HF appears to be the same regardless of LVEF. Rather than LVEF-guided treatment of HF, treatment of HF should be directed by symptoms (related to the level of fluid retention), signs (tachycardia), severity (NYHA functional class), and concomitant diseases and conditions. All HF patients should be given all the drug classes mentioned above if well tolerated.

• Egan, Brent M.; Rich, Michael W.; Sutherland, Susan E.; Wright, Jackson T. & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2024). General Principles, Etiologies, Evaluation, and Management in Older Adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. ISSN 0749-0690. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2024.04.008. Full text in Research Archive
• Mancia, Giuseppe; Brunström, Mattias; Burnier, Michel; Grassi, Guido; Januszewicz, Andrzej & Kjeldsen, Sverre [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Rationale for the Inclusion of β-Blockers among Major Antihypertensive Drugs in the 2023 European Society of Hypertension Guidelines. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 81(5), p. 1021–1030. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22821. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We address the reasons why, unlike other guidelines, in the 2023 guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension β-blockers (BBs) have been regarded as major drugs for the treatment of hypertension, at the same level as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system. We argue that BBs, (1) reduce blood pressure (the main factor responsible for treatment-related protection) not less than other drugs, (2) reduce pooled cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in placebo-controlled trials, in which there has also been a sizeable reduction of all major cause-specific cardiovascular outcomes, (3) have been associated with a lower global cardiovascular protection in 2 but not in several other comparison trials, in which the protective effect of BBs versus the other major drugs has been similar or even greater, with a slightly smaller or no difference of global benefit in large trial meta-analyses and a similar protective effect when comparisons extend to BBs in combination versus other drug combinations. We mention the large number of cardiac and other comorbidities for which BBs are elective drugs, and we express criticism against the exclusion of BBs because of their lower protective effect against stroke in comparison trials, because, for still uncertain reasons, differences in protection against cause-specific events (stroke, heart failure, and coronary disease) have been reported for other major drugs. These partial data cannot replace global benefits as the main deciding factor for drug choice, also because in the general hypertensive population whether and which type of event might occur is unknown.

• Rist, Aurora; Wachtell, Kristian; Sevre, Kaja Holter; Devereux, Richard B.; Aurigemma, Gerard P. & Smiseth, Otto Armin [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2023). The current best drug treatment for hypertensive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.008. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  More than 90 % of patients developing heart failure (HF) have hypertension. The most frequent concomitant conditions are type-2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and coronary disease. HF outcome research focuses on decreasing mortality and preventing hospitalization for worsening HF syndrome. All drugs that decrease these HF endpoints lower blood pressure. Current drug treatments for HF are (i) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, (ii) selected beta-blockers, (iii) steroidal and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and (iv) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. For various reasons, these drug treatments were first studied in HF patients with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Subsequently, they have been investigated in HF patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, HFpEF) of mostly hypertensive etiology, and with modest benefits largely assessed on top of background treatment with the drugs already proven effective in HFrEF. Additionally, diuretics are given on symptomatic indications. Patients with HFpEF may have diastolic dysfunction but also systolic dysfunction visualized by lack of longitudinal shortening. Considering the totality of evidence and the overall need for antihypertensive treatment and/or treatment of hypertensive complications in almost all HF patients, the principal drug treatment of HF appears to be the same regardless of LVEF. Rather than LVEF-guided treatment of HF, treatment of HF should be directed by symptoms (related to the level of fluid retention), signs (tachycardia), severity (NYHA functional class), and concomitant diseases and conditions. All HF patients should be given all the drug classes mentioned above if well tolerated.

• Burnier, Michel; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2023). How to optimize the use of diuretics in patients with heart failure? Kardiologia Polska. ISSN 0022-9032. 81(10), p. 944–949. doi: 10.33963/v.kp.97315. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Considering the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of heart failure, using diuretics or drugs with diuretic properties is indispensable for adequate management of heart failure patients. However, in clinical practice, fluid expansion is often undiagnosed, and diuretic therapy is not always adequately titrated. Today, several drug classes with diuretic properties are available in addition to classical thiazides, thiazide-like, and loop diuretics. The purpose of this short review is to discuss different ways to optimize diuretic therapy using currently available drugs. Several approaches are considered, including a combination of diuretics to obtain a sequential nephron blockade, use of a drug combining a blocker of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and an inhibitor of the metabolism of natriuretic peptides (ARNI), prescription of potassium binders to maintain and up-titrate RAS blockers and mineralocorticoid antagonists, and finally use of inhibitors of renal reabsorption of glucose through the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 system. Optimal use of these various drug classes should improve the quality of life and reduce the need for hospital admissions and mortality in heart failure patients.

• Heimark, Sondre; Mehlum, Maria Hollund; Mancia, Giuseppe; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Liestøl, Knut & Wachtell, Kristian [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Middle-Aged and Older Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Higher Mortality With Drug Treated Systolic Blood Pressure Below 130 mm Hg. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 80(8), p. 1739–1748. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21454. Full text in Research Archive
• Feinberg, Joshua B; Nielsen, Emil E; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Devereux, Richard B; Gerdts, Eva & Wachtell, Kristian [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Sex Differences in Atrial Fibrillation and Associated Complications in Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The LIFE Study. American Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0895-7061. 36(10), p. 536–541. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpad057. Full text in Research Archive
• Mancia, Giuseppe; Kreutz, Reinhold; Brunström, Mattias; Burnier, Michel; Grassi, Guido & Januszewicz, Andrzej [Show all 59 contributors for this article] (2023). 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 41(12), p. 1874–2071. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480. Full text in Research Archive
• Brunström, Mattias; Carlberg, Bo & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2023). Effect of antihypertensive treatment in isolated systolic hypertension (ISH)–systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 32(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2226757. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in middle-aged and elderly is associated with high cardiovascular risk, but no randomised controlled trial has assessed the effect of antihypertensive treatment in ISH using today’s definition, i.e. systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mmHg. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was performed. Studies with ≥1000 patient-years of follow-up, comparing more intensive versus less intensive BP targets, or active drug versus placebo, were included if the mean baseline SBP was ≥140 mmHg and the mean baseline DBP was <90 mmHg. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Relative risks from each trial were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses, stratified by baseline and attained SBP level. Results Twenty-four trials, including 113,105 participants (mean age 67 years; mean blood pressure 149/83 mmHg) were included in the analysis. Overall, treatment reduced the risk of MACE by 9% (relative risk 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.88–0.93). Treatment was more effective if baseline SBP was ≥160 mmHg (RR 0.77, 95% CIs 0.70–0.86) compared to 140–159 mmHg (RR 0.92, 95% CIs 0.89–0.95; p = 0.002 for interaction), but provided equal additional benefit across all attained SBP levels (RR 0.80, 95% CIs 0.70–0.92 for <130 mmHg, RR 0.92, 95% CIs 0.89–0.96 for 130–139 mmHg, and RR 0.87, 95% CIs 0.82–0.93 for ≥140 mmHg; p = 0.070 for interaction). Conclusions These findings support antihypertensive treatment of isolated systolic hypertension, regardless of baseline SBP, to target SBP <140 mmHg and even <130 mmHg if well tolerated.

• Persu, Alexandre; Stoenoiu, Maria S.; Maes, Frédéric; Kreutz, Reinhold; Mancia, Giuseppe & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2023). Late outcomes of renal denervation are more favourable than early ones: facts or fancies. Clinical Kidney Journal (CKJ). ISSN 2048-8505. 16(12), p. 2357–2364. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfad231. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  ABSTRACT Following second-generation randomized trials, there is evidence that renal denervation (RDN) decreases blood pressure (BP), although to a lesser extent than suggested in the initial controlled and observational studies. The recent publication of the 36-month follow-up of the Symplicity HTN-3 trial has raised expectations, suggesting increasing, late benefits of the procedure, despite initially negative results. These findings come after those obtained at 36 months in the sham-controlled trial SPYRAL HTN-ON MED and in the Global Symplicity Registry. However, they are susceptible to biases inherent in observational studies (after unblinding for sham-control) and non-random, substantial attrition of treatment groups at 36 months, and used interpolation of missing BPs. More importantly, in SPYRAL HTN-ON MED and Symplicity HTN-3, long-term BP changes in patients from the initial RDN group were compared with those in a heterogeneous control group, including both control patients who did not benefit from RDN and patients who eventually crossed over to RDN. In crossover patients, the last BP before RDN was imputed to subsequent follow-up. In Symplicity HTN-3, this particular approach led to the claim of increasing long-term benefits of RDN. However, comparison of BP changes in patients from the RDN group and control patients who did not undergo RDN, without imputation of BPs from crossover patients, does not support this view. The good news is that despite the suggestion of sympathetic nerve regrowth after RDN in some animal models, there is no strong signal in favour of a decreasing effect of RDN over time, up to 24 or even 36 months. Still, current data do not support a long-term increase in the effect of RDN and the durability of RDN-related BP reduction remains to be formally demonstrated.

• Messerli, Franz H.; Bavishi, Chirag; Brguljan, Jana; Burnier, Michel; Dobner, Stephan & Elijovich, Fernando [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2022). Renal denervation in the antihypertensive arsenal - knowns and known unknowns. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 40(10), p. 1859–1875. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003171. Full text in Research Archive
• Bang, Casper N.; Li, Zhibin; Stokke, Ildri Maria; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Julius, Stevo & Hille, Darcy A. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Incident left bundle branch block predicts cardiovascular events and death in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE Study. Exploration of medicine. ISSN 2692-3106. 2022(3), p. 149–159. doi: 10.37349/emed.2022.00081. Full text in Research Archive
• Mancia, Giuseppe; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Kreutz, Reinhold; Pathak, Atul; Grassi, Guido & Esler, Murray (2022). Individualized Beta-Blocker Treatment for High Blood Pressure Dictated by Medical Comorbidities: Indications Beyond the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension Guidelines. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 79(6), p. 1153–1166. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19020. Full text in Research Archive
• Esler, Murray; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Pathak, Atul; Grassi, Guido; Kreutz, Reinhold & Mancia, Giuseppe (2022). Diverse pharmacological properties, trial results, comorbidity prescribing and neural pathophysiology suggest European hypertension guideline downgrading of beta-blockers is not justified. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 31(1), p. 210–224. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2110858. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Beta-blockers have solid documentation in preventing cardiovascular complications in the treatment of hypertension; atenolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol and propranolol demonstrate proven cardiovascular prevention in hypertension mega-trials. Hypertension is characterised by activation of the sympathetic nervous system from early to late phases, which makes beta-blockers an appropriate treatment seen from a pathophysiological viewpoint, especially in patients with an elevated heart rate. Beta-blockers represent a heterogenous class of drugs with regard to both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. This position is manifest by reference to another clinical context, beta-blocker treatment of heart failure, where unequivocally there is no class effect (no similar benefit from all beta-blockers); there are good and less good beta-blockers for heart failure. Analogous differences in beta-blocker efficacy is also likely in hypertension. Beta-blockers are widely used for the treatment of diseases comorbid with hypertension, in approximately 50 different concomitant medical conditions that are frequent in patients with hypertension, leading to many de facto beta-blocker first choices in clinical practice. Thus, beta-blockers should be regarded as relevant first choices for hypertension in clinical practice, particularly if characterised by a long half-life, highly selective beta-1 blocking activity and no intrinsic agonist properties.

• Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Bergland, Ola Undrum; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Hjørnholm, Ulla & Kjær, Vibeke Norheim [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Nonadherence by Serum Drug Analyses in Resistant Hypertension: 7-Year Follow-Up of Patients Considered Adherent by Directly Observed Therapy. Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA). 11(18). doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.025879. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Measurement of serum concentrations of drugs is a novelty found useful in detecting poor drug adherence in patients taking ≥2 antihypertensive agents. Regarding patients with treatment‐resistant hypertension, we previously based our assessment on directly observed therapy. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum drug measurements in patients with resistant hypertension offer additional information regarding drug adherence, beyond that of initial assessment with directly observed therapy. Methods and Results Nineteen patients assumed to have true treatment‐resistant hypertension and adherence to antihypertensive drugs based on directly observed therapy were investigated repeatedly through 7 years. Serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs were measured by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry from blood samples taken at baseline, 6‐month, 3‐year, and 7‐year visits. Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, self‐reported adherence and beliefs about medicine were performed as supplement investigations. Seven patients (37%) were redefined as nonadherent based on their serum concentrations during follow‐up. All patients reported high adherence to medications. Nonadherent patients expressed lower necessity and higher concerns regarding intake of antihypertensive medication (P=0.003). Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms affecting metabolism of antihypertensive drugs were found in 16 patients (84%), 21% were poor metabolizers, and none were ultra‐rapid metabolizers. Six of 7 patients redefined as nonadherent had cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, however, not explaining the low serum drug concentrations measured in these patients. Conclusions Our data suggest that repeated measurements of serum concentrations of antihypertensive drugs revealed nonadherence in one‐third of patients previously evaluated as adherent and treatment resistant by directly observed therapy, thereby improving the accuracy of adherence evaluation. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT01673516.

• Lilja-Cyron, Alexander; Bang, Casper N.; Gerdts, Eva; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Kjeldsen, Sverre & Julius, Stevo [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Aortic root dilatation in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy–application of a new multivariate predictive model. The Life Study. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine (RCM). ISSN 1530-6550. 23(3), p. 1–10. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2303095. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Available nomograms to predict aortic root (AoR) diameter for body surface area have limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a new multivariate predictive model to identify AoR dilatation in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: 943 of 961 patients in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) echocardiographic sub-study had the necessary baseline characteristics and echocardiographic 2D measurements of AoR size to be included. Results: Predicted AoR (Sinus of Valsalva) diameter was 1.519 + (age [years] × 0.010) + (height [cm] × 0.010) – (gender [1 = M, 2 = F] × 0.247), and a measured AoR diameter exceeding the 97.5-percentile of this estimate was considered dilated. Measured AoR diameter was larger in men than in women (3.75 vs. 3.48 cm, p < 0.001) and AoR diameter predicted by the model was larger than predicted by nomogram (3.52 vs. 3.28 cm, p < 0.001). Using the multivariate model to identify patients with AoR dilatation, the prevalence was 13.7% in men and 12.3% in women (p = 0.537). There was consensus of AoR phenotype (normal/dilated) between model and nomogram in 92.8% of the patients. In multivariate logistic regression, AoR dilatation by model definition was predicted by presence of aortic regurgitation (OR 2.67, p < 0.001) and SD increase in age (OR 0.75, p = 0.023), pulse pressure (OR 0.64, p < 0.001), left ventricular mass index (OR 1.36, p = 0.08) and stroke volume (OR 1.45, p = 0.002), but not by body weight. Conclusions: Using the proposed model the prevalence of AoR dilatation was equal in men and women and the model seems to address the effects of gender, age and body size on AoR size.

• Bang, Casper N.; Greve, Anders M.; Køber, Lars; Muthiah, Anujan; Kjeldsen, Sverre & Julius, Stevo [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Incident atrial fibrillation and heart failure in treated hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE Study. Exploration of medicine. ISSN 2692-3106. doi: 10.37349/emed.2022.00080. Full text in Research Archive
• Zacks, Eran S.; Stokke, Ildri Maria; Wachtell, Kristian; Hille, Darcy A.; Høieggen, Aud & Kjeldsen, Sverre [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Time-varying serum uric acid predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in treated hypertensive patients. The LIFE Study. Exploration of medicine. ISSN 2692-3106. 3(2), p. 128–138. doi: 10.37349/emed.2022.00079. Full text in Research Archive
• Chinali, Marcello; Aurigemma, Gerard P.; Gerdts, Eva; Wachtell, Kristian; Okin, Peter M. & Muthiah, Anujan [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Development of systolic dysfunction unrelated to myocardial infarction in treated hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE Study. Exploration of medicine. ISSN 2692-3106. 3, p. 160–172. doi: 10.37349/emed.2022.00082. Full text in Research Archive
• Bergland, Ola Undrum; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Hjørnholm, Ulla; Kjær, Vibeke Norheim & Rognstad, Stine [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2021). Detection of Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Treatment by Measurements of Serum Drug Concentrations. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 78(3), p. 617–628. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17514. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nonadherence to drugs is a challenge in hypertension treatment. We aimed to assess the prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug concentrations compared with 2 indirect methods and relate to the prescribed drug regimens in a nationwide multicenter study. Five hundred fifty patients with hypertension using ≥2 antihypertensive agents participated. We measured concentrations of 23 antihypertensive drugs using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry and compared with patients’ self-reports and investigators’ assessment based on structured interview. We identified 40 nonadherent patients (7.3%) using serum drug concentrations. They had higher office diastolic blood pressure (90 versus 83 mm Hg, P<0.01) and daytime diastolic blood pressure (85 versus 80 mm Hg, P<0.01) though systolic blood pressures did not differ significantly. They had more prescribed daily antihypertensive pills (2.5 versus 2.1 pills, P<0.01) and total daily pills (5.5 versus 4.4 pills, P=0.03). Prescription of fixed-dose combination pills were lower among the nonadherent patients identified by serum concentrations (45.0 versus 67.1%, P<0.01). Fifty-three patients self-reported nonadherence, while the investigators suspected 69 nonadherent patients. These groups showed no or few differences in drug regimens, respectively. In summary, we detected 7.3% prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug measurements in patients using ≥2 antihypertensive agents in a nationwide study; they had higher office and ambulatory diastolic blood pressures, higher number of prescribed daily pills, more daily antihypertensive pills, and less frequent prescriptions of fixed-dose combination pills. Indirect methods showed poor overlap with serum drugs concentrations and no or minimal medication differences. Thus, serum measurements of drugs were useful in detection and characterization of nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment.

• Brunström, Mattias; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Kreutz, Reinhold; Gjesdal, Knut Tjøl; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof & Burnier, Michel [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Missing Verification of Source Data in Hypertension Research: The HYGIA PROJECT in Perspective. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 78(2), p. 555–558. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17356. Full text in Research Archive
• Copland, Emma; Canoy, Dexter; Nazarzadeh, Milad; Bidel, Zeinab; Ramakrishnan, Rema & Woodward, Mark [Show all 99 contributors for this article] (2021). Antihypertensive treatment and risk of cancer: an individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet Oncology. ISSN 1470-2045. 22(4), p. 558–570. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00033-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Kreutz, Reinhold; Kjeldsen, Sverre E. & Mancia, Giuseppe (2021). Why we do not need a single independent international hypertension clinical practice guideline. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 39(11), p. 2125–2127. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002940. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Liestøl, Knut; Grundvold, Irene & Bodegard, Johan [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Novel insights into stroke risk beyond resting and maximal bicycle exercise systolic blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 39(10), p. 2022–2029. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002894. Full text in Research Archive
• Parati, Gianfranco; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Coca, Antonio; Cushman, William C. & Wang, Jiguang (2021). Adherence to Single-Pill Versus Free-Equivalent Combination Therapy in Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 77(2), p. 692–705. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15781. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Poor adherence to antihypertensive therapy is a major cause of poor blood pressure (BP) control in patients with hypertension. Regimen simplification may improve adherence and BP control. This systematic review assessed whether single-pill combination (SPC) therapy led to improved adherence, persistence, and better BP control compared with free-equivalent combination (FEC) therapy in patients with hypertension. PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched until July 2020, in addition to manual searching of relevant congress abstracts from 2014 to 2020 for studies including adults with hypertension aged ≥18 years receiving SPC or FEC antihypertensive therapy measuring any of the following: adherence, persistence, and reductions in systolic BP and/or diastolic BP. Adherence and persistence were summarized in a narrative analysis; direct pair-wise meta-analysis was conducted to compare BP reductions with SPC therapy versus FEC therapy using fixed-effect and random-effects models. Following screening, 44 studies were included. The majority (18 of 23) of studies measuring adherence showed adherence was significantly improved in patients receiving SPCs versus FECs. Overall, 16 studies measured persistence, of which 14 showed that patients receiving SPCs had significantly improved persistence or were significantly less likely to discontinue therapy than patients receiving FECs. Systolic BP (mean difference, −3.99 [95% CI, −7.92 to −0.07]; P=0.05) and diastolic BP (−1.54 [95% CI, −2.67 to −0.41]; P=0.0076) were both significantly reduced with SPC therapy compared with FEC therapy at week 12. SPC therapy leads to improved adherence and persistence compared with FEC therapy and may lead to better BP control in patients with hypertension.

• Olsen, Eirik; Holzhauer, Björn; Julius, Stevo; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Cardiovascular outcomes at recommended blood pressure targets in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to all middle-aged and elderly hypertensive study patients with high cardiovascular risk. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 30. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1856642. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Event-based clinical outcome trials have shown limited evidence to support guidelines recommendations to lower blood pressure (BP) to <130/80 mmHg in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus or with general high cardiovascular (CV) risk. We addressed this issue by post-hoc analysing the risk of CV events in patients who participated in the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial and compared the hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with all high-risk hypertensive patients. Materials and methods Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the proportion of on-treatment visits before the occurrence of an event (<25% to ≥75%) in which BP was reduced to <140/90 or <130/80 mmHg. Patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 5250) were compared with the entire VALUE population with high CV risk (n = 15,245). Results After adjustments for baseline differences between groups, a reduction in the proportion of visits in which BP was reduced to <140/90 mmHg, but not to <130/80 mmHg, was accompanied by a progressive increase in the risk of CV morbidity and mortality as well as stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure in both diabetes mellitus and in all high-risk patients. Target BP <130/80 mmHg reduced stroke risk in the main population but not in the diabetes mellitus patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus had higher event rates for the primary cardiac endpoint and all-cause mortality driven by a higher rate of heart failure. Conclusion In the high-risk hypertensive patients of the VALUE trial achieving more frequently BP <140/90 mmHg, but not <130/80 mmHg, showed principally the same protective effect on overall and cause-specific cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus and in the general high-risk hypertensive population.

• Olsen, Eirik; Holzhauer, Björn; Julius, Stevo; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen & Mancia, Giuseppe [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2021). Cardiovascular outcomes at recommended blood pressure targets in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1855968. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Available data of event-based clinical outcomes trials show that little evidence supports the guidelines recommendations to lower blood pressure (BP) to <130/80 mmHg in middle-aged and elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We addressed this issue by post-hoc analysing the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in mostly elderly high-risk hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial. Material and methods Patients (n = 5250) were divided into 4 groups according to the proportion of on-treatment visits before the occurrence of an event (<25% to ≥ 75%) in which BP was reduced to <140/90 or <130/80 mmHg. Results After adjustment for baseline demographic differences between groups, a reduction in the proportion of visits in which BP achieved <140/90 mmHg accompanied a progressive increase in the risk of CV mortality and morbidity as well as of cause-specific events such as stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure. A progressive reduction in the proportion of visits in which BP was reduced <130/80 mmHg did not have any effect on CV risks. Conclusion In mostly elderly high-risk hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in the VALUE trial, achieving more frequently BP <140/90 mmHg showed a marked protective effect on overall and all cause-specific cardiovascular outcomes. This was not the case for a more frequent achievement of the more intensive BP target, i.e. <130/80 mmHg.

• Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Heir, Trond; Bodegard, Johan & Robsahm, Trude Eid [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). The Oslo Ischaemia Study: cohort profile. BMJ Open. 11(10). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049111. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract Purpose The Oslo Ischaemia Study was designed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of silent coronary disease in Norwegian middle-aged men, specifically validating exercise electrocardiography (ECG) findings compared with angiography. The study has been important in investigating long-term predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as investigating a broad spectrum of epidemiological and public health perspectives. Participants In 1972–1975, 2014 healthy men, 40–59 years old, were enrolled in the study. Comprehensive clinical examination included an ECG-monitored exercise test at baseline and follow-ups. The cohort has been re-examined four times during 20 years. Linkage to health records and national health registries has ensured complete endpoint registration of morbidity until the end of 2006, and cancer and mortality until the end of 2017. Findings to date The early study results provided new evidence, as many participants with a positive exercise ECG, but no chest pain (‘silent ischaemia’), did not have significant coronary artery stenosis after all. Still, they were over-represented with coronary disease after years of follow-up. Furthermore, participants with the highest physical fitness had lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and the magnitude of blood pressure responses to moderate exercise was shown to influence the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. With time, follow-up data allowed the scope of research to expand into other fields of medicine, with the aim of investigating predictors and the importance of lifestyle and risk factors. Future plans Recently, the Oslo Ischaemia Study has been found worthy, as the first scientific study, to be preserved by The National Archives of Norway. All the study material will be digitised, free to use and accessible for all. In 2030, the Oslo Ischaemia Study will be linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry to obtain complete follow-up to death. Thus, a broad spectrum of additional opportunities opens.

• Kasiakogias, Alexandros; Rosei, Enrico Agabiti; Camafort, Miguel; Ehret, Georg; Faconti, Luca & Ferreira, João Pedro [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2021). Hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: position paper by the European Society of Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 39(8), p. 1522–1545. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002910. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hypertension constitutes a major risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a prevalent clinical syndrome with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HFpEF is not established due to lack of positive outcome data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and limitations of available studies. Although available evidence is limited, control of blood pressure (BP) is widely regarded as central to the prevention and clinical care in HFpEF. Thus, in current guidelines including the 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Guidelines, blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers provides the backbone of BP-lowering therapy in hypertensive patients. Although superiority of RAS blockers has not been clearly shown in dedicated RCTs designed for HFpEF, we propose that this core drug treatment strategy is also applicable for hypertensive patients with HFpEF with the addition of some modifications. The latter apply to the use of spironolactone apart from the treatment of resistant hypertension and the use of the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor. In addition, novel agents such as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, currently already indicated for high-risk patients with diabetes to reduce heart failure hospitalizations, and finerenone represent promising therapies and results from ongoing RCTs are eagerly awaited. The development of an effective and practical classification of HFpEF phenotypes and GDMT through dedicated high-quality RCTs are major unmet needs in hypertension research and calls for action.

• Holanger, Magnus; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Jamerson, Kenneth & Julius, Stevo (2020). Smoking and overweight associated with masked uncontrolled hypertension: a Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Sub-Study. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1787815. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose The Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study investigated the relationship between target office diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≤80, ≤85 or ≤90 mmHg and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in 18,790 patients aged 50–80 years. The home BP sub-study enrolled 926 patients and the aim was to clarify whether the separation into the BP target groups in the office prevailed in the out-of-office setting. The present study aimed to identify variables that characterised masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) and white coat uncontrolled hypertension (WUCH). Material and Methods The sub-study participants took their home BP when office BP had been up titrated. The cut-off for normal or high BP was set to ≥135/85 mmHg at home and ≥140/90 mmHg in the office. We analysed data by using multivariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression with home and office BP combinations as the dependent variables. Results WUCH was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio (OR) 0.92, 95% confident intervals (CIs) 0.88–0.96, p < 0.001). MUCH was associated with smoking (OR 1.89, 95% CIs 1.25–2.86, p = 0.0025) and with lower baseline heart rate (OR 0.98, 95% CIs 0.97–0.99, p = 0.03) and higher BMI (OR 1.03, CIs 1.00–1.06, p = 0.04). MUCH remained associated with smoking (OR 2.76, 95% CIs 1.76–4.35, p < 0.0001) also when using ≥140/90 mmHg as the cut-off for both home and office BP. MUCH was also associated with higher BMI (OR 1.05, 95% CIs 1.01–1.09, p = 0.009) while WUCH was associated with lower BMI (OR 0.93, 95% CIs 0.90–0.97, p = 0.0005) when using ≥140/90 mmHg as a cut-off. Conclusion Our data support that ‘reversed or masked’ treated but uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) is common and constitutes about 25% of treated hypertensive patients. This entity (MUCH) is rather strongly associated with current smoking and overweight while uncontrolled white coat (office) hypertension (WUCH) is associated with lower BMI.

• Mehlum, Maria Hollund; Liestøl, Knut; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Julius, Stevo & Rothwell, Peter M. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Blood pressure-lowering profiles and clinical effects of angiotensin receptor blockers versus calcium channel blockers. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 75(6), p. 1584–1592. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14443. Full text in Research Archive
• Burnier, Michel; Kreutz, Reinhold; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Oparil, Suzanne & Mancia, Giuseppe (2020). Circadian variations in blood pressure and their implications for the administration of antihypertensive drugs: Is dosing in the evening better than in the morning? Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 38(8), p. 1396–1406. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002532. Full text in Research Archive
• Mirza, Yusuf Ahmed; Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Selmer, Randi Marie; Liestøl, Knut; Grundvold, Irene & Erikssen, Jan Emil [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Tiårsprediksjon av hjerte-og karsykdom hos friske norske menn basert på NORRISK-2. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 140(12), p. 1–10. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0089. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BAKGRUNN Norske retningslinjer for primærforebygging av hjerte- og karsykdom anbefaler bruk av risikoskårmodellen NORRISK-2, med noen tillegg. Vi ønsket å undersøke om NORRISK-2 kunne predikere hjerte- og karsykdom hos friske norske menn som deltok i kohortstudien Oslo Ischemia Study. MATERIALE NORRISK-2-skår ble beregnet for 2 014 menn i aldersgruppen 40–60 år som i 1972–75 ble inkludert i Oslo Ischemia Study. Cox-regresjonsanalyser ble benyttet for å kalkulere hasardratio for død og hjerte- og karsykdom innen ti år etter førstegangsundersøkelsen. RESULTATER Ingen gikk tapt fra oppfølgingen. Av de 2 014 mennene døde 125 i første tiår etter inklusjon, hvorav 61 av kardiovaskulær sykdom. De som døde, var eldre enn de overlevende, med større andel dagligrøykere, og de hadde høyere systolisk blodtrykk og hvilepuls, økt totalkolesterol og lavere fysisk yteevne. Majoriteten av de som døde av akutt hjerteinfarkt og hjerneslag innen ti år, ble i NORRISK-2 klassifisert i høyrisikogruppen. FORTOLKNING NORRISK-2 identifiserte høyrisikopersonene godt i denne kohorten av friske, middelaldrende norske menn. Det støtter bruk av de norske retningslinjene i beslutningen om eventuell primærforebygging av hjerte- og karsykdom.

• Willeit, Peter; Tschiderer, Lena; Allara, Elias; Reuber, Kathrin; Seekircher, Lisa & Gao, Lu [Show all 76 contributors for this article] (2020). Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression as Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Risk : Meta-Analysis of 119 Clinical Trials Involving 100 667 Patients. Circulation. ISSN 0009-7322. 142(7), p. 621–642. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046361. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: To quantify the association between effects of interventions on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression and their effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods: We systematically collated data from randomized, controlled trials. cIMT was assessed as the mean value at the common-carotid-artery; if unavailable, the maximum value at the common-carotid-artery or other cIMT measures were used. The primary outcome was a combined CVD end point defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization procedures, or fatal CVD. We estimated intervention effects on cIMT progression and incident CVD for each trial, before relating the 2 using a Bayesian meta-regression approach. Results: We analyzed data of 119 randomized, controlled trials involving 100 667 patients (mean age 62 years, 42% female). Over an average follow-up of 3.7 years, 12 038 patients developed the combined CVD end point. Across all interventions, each 10 μm/y reduction of cIMT progression resulted in a relative risk for CVD of 0.91 (95% Credible Interval, 0.87–0.94), with an additional relative risk for CVD of 0.92 (0.87–0.97) being achieved independent of cIMT progression. Taken together, we estimated that interventions reducing cIMT progression by 10, 20, 30, or 40 μm/y would yield relative risks of 0.84 (0.75–0.93), 0.76 (0.67–0.85), 0.69 (0.59–0.79), or 0.63 (0.52–0.74), respectively. Results were similar when grouping trials by type of intervention, time of conduct, time to ultrasound follow-up, availability of individual-participant data, primary versus secondary prevention trials, type of cIMT measurement, and proportion of female patients. Conclusions: The extent of intervention effects on cIMT progression predicted the degree of CVD risk reduction. This provides a missing link supporting the usefulness of cIMT progression as a surrogate marker for CVD risk in clinical trials.

• Okin, Peter M.; Hille, Darcy A.; Wachtell, Kristian; Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Julius, Stevo & Devereux, Richard B. (2020). On-treatment HDL cholesterol predicts incident atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 29(5), p. 319–326. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1782171. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: Hypertensive patients are at increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although low baseline high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been associated with a higher risk of AF, this has not been verified in recent population-based studies. Whether changing levels of HDL over time are more strongly related to the risk of new AF in hypertensive patients has not been examined. Material and methods: Incident AF was examined in relation to baseline and on-treatment HDL levels in 8267 hypertensive patients with no history of AF, in sinus rhythm on their baseline electrocardiogram, randomly assigned to losartan- or atenolol-based treatment. HDL levels at baseline and each year of testing were categorised into quartiles according to baseline HDL levels. Results: During 4.7 ± 1.10 years of follow-up, 645 patients (7.8%) developed new AF. In univariate Cox analyses, compared with the highest quartile of HDL levels (>1.78 mmol/l), patients with on-treatment HDL in the lowest quartile (≤ 1.21 mmol/l) had a 53% greater risk of new AF. Patients with on-treatment HDL in the second and third quartiles had intermediate increased risks of AF. Baseline HDL in the lowest quartile was not a significant predictor of new AF (hazard ratio (HR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–1.43). In multivariable Cox analyses adjusting for multiple baseline and time-varying covariates, the lowest quartile of on-treatment HDL remained associated with a nearly 54% increased risk of new AF (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.16–2.05) whereas a baseline HDL≤ ⩽1.21 mmol/l was not predictive of new AF (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.78–1.31). Conclusion: Lower on-treatment HDL is strongly associated with risk of new AF. These findings suggest that serial assessment of HDL can estimate AF risk better than baseline HDL in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Future studies may investigate whether therapies that increase HDL can lower risk of developing AF. Clinical Trials Registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00338260?order=1

• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Bath, Philip M. & Sandercock, Peter (2020). Eivind Berge, MD, PhD, 1964-2020: Cardiologist Who Was Fighting Stroke. Stroke. ISSN 0039-2499. 51(5), p. 1353–1355. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029351. Full text in Research Archive
• Prestgaard, Erik Edvard; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Engeseth, Kristian; Erikssen, Jan Emil; Bodegard, Johan & Liestøl, Knut [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Change in body weight and long-term risk of stroke and death in healthy men. Stroke. ISSN 0039-2499. 51(5), p. 1435–1441. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027233. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre & Os, Ingrid (2020). Assessing hypertension therapies: randomization or confounding by indication? Nature Reviews Cardiology. ISSN 1759-5002. 17(2), p. 73–74. doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0313-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Mahfoud, Felix; Azizi, Michel; Ewen, Sebastian; Pathak, Atul; Ukena, Christian & Blankestijn, Peter J [Show all 31 contributors for this article] (2020). Proceedings from the 3rd European Clinical Consensus Conference for clinical trials in device-based hypertension therapies. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 41(16), p. 1588–1599. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa121. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Aksnes, Tonje Amb; Mo, Rune & Klemsdal, Tor Ole (2019). Impact of the new ACC/AHA and ESC/ESH hypertension guidelines for Norway. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 40(19), p. 1485–1487. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz266. Full text in Research Archive
• Okin, Peter M.; Kjeldsen, Sverre & Devereux, Richard B (2019). Effect of antihypertensive therapy on development of incident conduction system disease in hypertensive patients. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 37(3), p. 629–635. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001915. Full text in Research Archive

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• Kjeldsen, Sverre Erik; Esler, Murray; Jamerson, Kenneth A.; Egan, Brent & Mancia, Giuseppe (2025). In Memoriam: Stevo Julius, MD, ScD. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 82(7), p. e110–e113. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25152. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Erik; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen & Rostrup, Morten (2025). Insights from the VALUE Trial: Achieving blood pressure targets for renal protection. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2025.05.010. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Brunström, Mattias; Burnier, Michel; Egan, Brent; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof & Kreutz, Reinhold [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Management of ‘Elevated’ blood pressure according to the 2024 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines: lack of supportive evidence and high risk of excessive treatment. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 34(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2025.2480608. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Gjelsvik, Bjørn E. & Klemsdal, Tor Ole (2025). Hypertensjonsbehandling i lys av nye internasjonale retningslinjer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 145(6). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.25.0169. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Elmula, Fadl Elmula M. Fadl; Fossum, Eigil & Høieggen, Aud (2024). Renal denervering bør ikke markedsføres. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 144(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0584. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Brunström, Mattias; Burnier, Michel; Egan, Brent; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof & Kreutz, Reinhold [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Should treatment of ‘elevated’ blood pressure, especially in older people, be based on global risk estimation? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 33(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2430228. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Egan, Brent M.; Burnier, Michel; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kreutz, Reinhold & Mancia, Giuseppe (2024). Highlights of the 2023 European Society of Hypertension Guidelines: what has changed in the management of hypertension in patients with cardiac diseases? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 33(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2329571. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre & Grassi, Guido (2024). The role of β-blockers in medical treatment. Current Medical Research and Opinion. ISSN 0300-7995. 40(1), p. 1–2. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2324138. Full text in Research Archive
• Mancia, Giuseppe; Brunström, Mattias; Burnier, Michel; Grassi, Guido; Januszewicz, Andrzej & Muiesan, Maria Lorenza [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2024). Rationale of treatment recommendations in the 2023 ESH hypertension guidelines. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.12.015. Full text in Research Archive
• Kreutz, Reinhold; Brunström, Mattias; Burnier, Michel; Grassi, Guido; Januszewicz, Andrzej & Kjeldsen, Sverre [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Beta-blocker bashing and downgrading in hypertension management: a fashionable trend representing a matter of concern. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 42(6), p. 966–967. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003735. Full text in Research Archive
• Kreutz, Reinhold; Brunström, Mattias; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Egan, Brent & Burnier, Michel (2024). Lowering of systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients: insights and questions from the ESPRIT study. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 33(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2394448. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2023). Real-world data show the effect of statins in primary prevention. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC). ISSN 2047-4873. 30(17), p. 1881–1882. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad231. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Mariampillai, Julian Eek & Høieggen, Aud (2023). Uric acid and left ventricular mass in prediction of cardiovascular risk-New insight from the URRAH study. European journal of internal medicine. ISSN 0953-6205. 114, p. 45–46. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.05.016. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Egan, Brent M.; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kreutz, Reinhold; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). TIME to face the reality about evening dosing of antihypertensive drugs in hypertension. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 32(1), p. 1–3. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2142512. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Burnier, Michel; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kreutz, Reinhold & Mancia, Giuseppe (2023). Key questions regarding the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 401(10385), p. 1336–1337. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00340-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Burnier, Michel; Brguljan, Jana; Algharably, Engi Abd Elhady; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof & Egan, Brent [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Women’s health, cardiovascular risk and hypertension: the perspective still needs to improve. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 32(1). doi: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2193648. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Larstorp, Anne Cecilie Kjeldsen; Heimark, Sondre; Waldum-Grevbo, Bård & Kjeldsen, Sverre [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Diabetes og kronisk nyresykdom. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 143(12). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0822. Full text in Research Archive
• Mancia, Giuseppe & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2023). Randomized Clinical Outcome Trials in Hypertension. Hypertension. ISSN 0194-911X. 81(1), p. 17–23. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21725. Full text in Research Archive
• Burnier, Michel; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Egan, Brent & Kreutz, Reinhold (2022). Hypertension management during the COVID-19 pandemic: what can we learn for the future? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 31(1), p. 47–49. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2058909. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Egan, Brent M.; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kreutz, Reinhold; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2022). Thirty years with LIFE—a randomized clinical trial with more than 200 published articles on clinical aspects of left ventricular hypertrophy. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 31(1), p. 125–128. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2083578. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Zachs, Eran S.; Stokke, Ildri Maria; Wachtell, Kristian; Hille, Darcy A. & Høieggen, Aud [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Time-varying serum uric acid predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation in treated hypersensitive patients. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 40, p. e3–e3. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000835312.59915.7b. Full text in Research Archive
• Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Egan, Brent M.; Kreutz, Reinhold & Burnier, Michel (2022). Masked hypertension in type 2 diabetes: never take normotension for granted and always assess out-of-office blood pressure. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 31(1), p. 207–209. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2107483. Full text in Research Archive
• Halvorsen, Lene Vernås; Gognstad, Stine; Søraas, Camilla Lund; Ågnes, Camilla; Hjørnholm, Ulla & Kjær, Vibeke Norheim [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2022). Implications of CYP2D6 polymorphisms for therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 40, p. e310–e310. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000838764.61491.a8. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Brunström, Mattias; Thomopoulos, Costas; Carlberg, Bo; Kreutz, Reinhold & Mancia, Giuseppe (2022). Blood pressure reduction and major cardiovascular events in people with and without type 2 diabetes. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. ISSN 2213-8587. 10(12), p. 840–840. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00312-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Burnier, Michel & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2022). A 30th anniversary and a glimpse of the future. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 31(1), p. 1–3. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2021.2021638. Full text in Research Archive
• Egan, Brent M.; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kreutz, Reinhold & Burnier, Michel (2022). Single-pill combinations, hypertension control and clinical outcomes: potential, pitfalls and solutions. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 31(1), p. 164–168. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2095254. Full text in Research Archive
• Mariampillai, Julian Eek; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Gjesdal, Knut Tjøl & Skretteberg, Torger (2022). Blood pressure during moderate or maximal exercise: hardly two sides of the same coin. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 40(6), p. 1243–1244. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003121. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2021). Better drug adherence improves blood pressure control and lowers cardiovascular disease outcomes–from single pill combinations to monitoring of a nationwide health insurance database. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 30(3), p. 143–144. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2021.1917192. Full text in Research Archive
• Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel; Kjeldsen, Sverre & Oparil, Suzanne (2021). Combining proteomics, home blood pressure telemonitoring and patient empowerment to improve cardiovascular and renal protection. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 30(5), p. 267–268. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2021.1975878. Full text in Research Archive
• Burnier, Michel; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof & Oparil, Suzanne (2021). Cuff-less measurements of blood pressure: are we ready for a change? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 30(4), p. 205–207. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2021.1956178. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre E.; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2021). The five RADIANCE-HTN and SPYRAL-HTN randomised studies suggest that the BP lowering effect of RDN corresponds to the effect of one antihypertensive drug. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2021.1995975. Full text in Research Archive
• Gjesdal, Knut & Kjeldsen, Sverre (2021). Fusk og feil i forskning og forskningsformidling. Indremedisineren. ISSN 1891-1617. p. 54–57. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2021). Potential protective effects of antihypertensive treatments during the Covid-19 pandemic: from inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system to beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 30(1), p. 1–3. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2021.1862483. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2020). The International Society of Hypertension Guidelines 2020–a new drug treatment recommendation in the wrong direction? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 29(5), p. 264–266. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1806494. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2020). Intensive systolic blood pressure control and prevention of new onset atrial fibrillation in the SPRINT study: is the association really controversial? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 29(4), p. 199–201. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1782595. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2020). Was it optimal to drop a diuretic as a first-line choice of drug treatment in the 2020 International Society of Hypertension Guidelines? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 29(6), p. 341–343. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1838766. Full text in Research Archive
• Kreutz, Reinhold; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Burnier, Michel; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Oparil, Suzanne & Mancia, Giuseppe (2020). Disregard the reported data from the HYGIA project: blood pressure medication not to be routinely dosed at bedtime. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 38(11), p. 2144–2145. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002671. Full text in Research Archive
• Kreutz, Reinhold; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Burnier, Michel; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Oparil, Suzanne & Mancia, Giuseppe (2020). Blood pressure medication should not be routinely dosed at bedtime. We must disregard the data from the HYGIA project. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 29(3), p. 135–136. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1747696. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre & Os, Ingrid (2020). Poor reproducibility of masked and white coat uncontrolled hypertension: Important new information on MUCH and WUCH. European Heart Journal. ISSN 0195-668X. 41(16), p. 1572–1574. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz703. Full text in Research Archive
• Burnier, Michel; Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof & Oparil, Suzanne (2020). How to deal with the occurrence of rare drug-induced adverse events: the example of sprue-like enteropathy induced by olmesartan medoxomil and other angiotensin-receptor blockers. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 29(2), p. 68–69. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1726101. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2020). The Health Outcomes Prevention and Evaluation 4 (HOPE 4) project: A successful community-based intervention to lower cardiovascular risk in people with hypertension. Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 29(1), p. 1–2. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1707440. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Burnier, Michel & Oparil, Suzanne (2019). Will we ever use angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibition (ARNi) for the treatment of hypertension? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 28(2), p. 75–76. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2019.1584975. Full text in Research Archive
• Kjeldsen, Sverre (2019). Hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Romania. Revista română de cardiologie. ISSN 1220-658X. 29(4), p. 556–557. Full text in Research Archive
• Burnier, Michel; Narkiewicz, Krzysztof; Kjeldsen, Sverre & Oparil, Suzanne (2019). New data on antihypertensive drugs and risk of cancer: should we worry? Blood Pressure. ISSN 0803-7051. 28(1), p. 1–3. doi: 10.1080/08037051.2019.1568182. Full text in Research Archive

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