Kjersti Narud

• Løvgren, Pia Jorde; Laake, Petter; Narud, Kjersti; Reitan, Solveig Klæbo & Bjørkly, Stål Kapstø (2023). Are symptoms assessed differently for schizophrenia and other psychoses in legal insanity evaluations of violent crimes? BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 23(1), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04992-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Forensic evaluations of legal insanity include the experts’ assessment of symptoms present at the mental state examination (MSE) and the mental state at the time of offense (MSO). Delusions and hallucinations are most important. We explored how often symptoms were recorded in written forensic reports. Design: This exploratory, cross-sectional study included 500 reports of legal insanity written in 2009–2018 from cases of violent crimes in Norway. The first author read all reports and coded symptoms recorded from the experts’ assessments of the offenders. Two co-authors repeated this procedure for 50 randomly selected reports. Interrater reliability was calculated with Gwet’s AC1. Generalized Linear Mixed Models with Wald tests for fixed effects and Risk Ratios as effect sizes were used for the statistical analyses. Results: Legal insanity was the main conclusion in 23.6% of the reports; 71.2% of these were diagnosed with schizophrenia while 22.9% had other psychotic disorders. Experts recorded few symptoms from MSO, but more from MSE, although MSO is important for insanity. We found a significant association between delusions and hallucinations recorded present in the MSO and legal insanity for defendants with other psychotic disorders, but no association for defendants with schizophrenia. The differences in symptom recordings between diagnoses were significant. Conclusion: Few symptoms were recorded from the MSO. We found no association between presence of delusions or hallucinations and legal insanity for defendants with schizophrenia. This may indicate that a schizophrenia diagnosis is more important to the forensic conclusion than the symptoms recorded in the MSO. Keywords: delusions, hallucinations, forensic, insanity, bias, stigma

• Løvgren, Pia Jorde; Laake, Petter; Reitan, Solveig Merete Klæbo & Narud, Kjersti (2022). Use of assessment instruments in forensic evaluations of criminal responsibility in Norway. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 22(1), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03831-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives Assessment instruments are often used to enhance quality and objectivity in therapeutic and legal settings. We aimed to explore the use of instruments in Norwegian reports of forensic evaluations of criminal responsibility; specifically, whether this use was associated with diagnostic and forensic conclusions. Methods Our study has an exploratory cross-sectional design. We examined 500 reports filed with the Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine in 2009–2018 regarding defendants indicted for the most serious violent crimes. The first author coded data from all reports according to a registration form developed for this study. Two co-authors then coded a random sample of 50 reports, and inter-rater reliability measures were calculated. The first author coded 41 reports for calculation of intra-rater reliability. Descriptive statistics are presented for the use of assessment instruments, and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to estimate associations between the use of instruments and diagnostic and forensic conclusions. Results Instruments were used in 50.0% of reports. The Wechler’s Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Historical Clinical Risk-20 (HCR-20), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders (SCID I), were used in 15.8, 13.8, and 9.0% of reports, respectively. The use of instruments increased from 36% in 2009 to 58% in 2015; then decreased to 49% in 2018. Teams of two experts wrote 98.0% of reports, and 43.4% of these teams comprised two psychiatrists. In 20.0% of reports, the diagnostic conclusion was schizophrenia, and in 8.8% it was other psychotic disorders. A conclusion of criminal irresponsibility was given in 25.8% of reports. Instruments were more often used in reports written by teams that comprised both a psychiatrist and a psychologist, compared to reports by two psychiatrists. The use of instruments was strongly associated with both diagnostic and forensic conclusions. Conclusion Instruments were used in 50% of reports on forensic evaluations of criminal responsibility in Norway, and their use increased during the study period. Use of instruments was associated with diagnostic and forensic conclusions.

• Løvgren, Pia Jorde; Laake, Petter; Reitan, Solveig Merete Klæbo & Narud, Kjersti (2020). Assessing psychotic symptoms in forensic evaluations of criminal responsibility–a pilot study using Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. ISSN 1478-9949. 31(4), s. 490–502. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2020.1771402. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Narud, Kjersti & Dahl, Alv A (2015). Stalking experiences reported by Norwegian members of Parliament compared to a population sample. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. ISSN 1478-9949. 26(1), s. 116–131. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2014.981564.
• Narud, Kjersti; Friestad, Christine & Dahl, Alv A (2014). Stalking experiences and associated factors - A controlled population-based study from Norway. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0803-9488. 68(5), s. 347–354. doi: 10.3109/08039488.2013.844273.
• Narud, Kjersti; Mykletun, Arnstein & Dahl, Alv A (2005). Quality of life in patients with personality disorders seen at an ordinary psychiatric outpatient clinic. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 5. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-5-10.
• Narud, Kjersti; Mykletun, Arnstein & Dahl, Alv Andreas (2005). Therapists' handling of patients with cluster B personality disorders in individual psychotherapy. Comprehensive Psychiatry. ISSN 0010-440X. 46(3), s. 186–191.
• Narud, Kjersti; Mykletun, Arnstein & Dahl, Alv Andreas (2005). Quality of life in patients with personality disorders seen at an ordinary psychiatric outpatient clinic. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 5(1).
• Narud, Kjersti; Mykletun, Arnestein & Dahl, Alv A (2005). A comparison of gains after treatment at a psychiatric outpatient clinic in patients with cluster A+B, or cluster C personality disorders, and non-psychotic axis I disorders. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0803-9488. 59, s. 331–338. doi: 10.1080/08039480500319506.
• Narud, Kjersti; Mykletun, Arnstein & Dahl, Alv A (2003). Experienced therapists' view on central issues in psychodynamic psychotherapy of patients with personality disorders. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0803-9488. 57, s. 461–467.
• Narud, Kjersti; Mykletun, Arnstein & Dahl, Alv Andreas (2003). Experienced therapists' opinions on central issues in psychodynamic psychotherapy of patients with personality disorders. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0803-9488. 57(6), s. 461–467. Vis sammendrag

  Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy is a recommended, but controversial, treatment for patients with personality disorders ( PDs). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between demographic and professional characteristics of experienced psychotherapists and their attitudes and opinions towards aspects of this kind of psychotherapy. A questionnaire covering these issues of psychodynamic psychotherapy with patients belonging to all three DSM- IV clusters of PD was developed. A sample of 324 Norwegian psychiatrists and clinical psychologist with considerable experience in individual dynamic psychotherapy of patients with PDs filled in valid questionnaires. The therapists' age, gender, profession, postgraduate courses and degree of experience were examined as to their opinions on the following issues: alliances, aims, contraindications, needs to terminate, suicides, use of drugs, length of treatment, need for supervision and complaints to colleagues about patients' behaviour in such therapy with PD patients. Independent sample t - tests of the mean z - transformed group scores were the main statistical method applied. Therapist experience made the most significant differences as to treatment issues, while some differences also were found for age, gender and profession. The influence of postgraduate courses was negligible. Our study might have a selection bias towards therapist with strong psychodynamic orientation and particular interest in the psychotherapy of patients with PDs

• Narud, Kjersti & Dahl, Alv A (2002). Quality of life in personality and personality disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. ISSN 0951-7367. 15, s. 131–133.

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• Narud, Kjersti (2014). Vold mot kvinner. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 978-82-02-41877-9. 376 s.

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• Rosenqvist, Randi; Syse, Aslak; Løvlie, Anders; Halvorsen, Marit; Narud, Kjersti & Gröning, Linda [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Vi risikerer å få en utilregnelighetsbestemmelse som åpner for altfor stor grad av skjønn . Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Rosenqvist, Randi; Løvlie, Anders; Halvorsen, Marit; Narud, Kjersti; Gröning, Linda & Melle, Karl Henrik [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Vi risikerer å få en utilregnelighetsbestemmelse som åpner for altfor stor grad av skjønn . Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. 28. april.
• Rosenqvist, Randi; Melle, Karl Henrik; Narud, Kjersti; Restan, Asbjørn; Rasmussen, Kirsten & Grøning, Linda [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Helsehjelp som straffereaksjon. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Rosenqvist, Randi; Melle, Karl Henrik; Narud, Kjersti; Restan, Asbjørn; Rasmussen, Kirsten & Grøning, Linda [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). De sakkyndiges rolle i straffesaker. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Rosenqvist, Randi; Melle, Karl Heinrik; Narud, Kjersti; Restan, Asbjørn; Grøning, Linda & Syse, Aslak [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Utilregnelighet til besvær – igjen. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Narud, Kjersti; Friestad, Christine & Dahl, Alv A (2013). Stalking experiences and associated factors – a controlled population-based study from Norway. Vis sammendrag

  Stalking is defined as a constellation of behaviours in which one individual inflicts on another repeated unwanted intrusions and communications. The aim of the study is to get systematic knowledge on stalking experiences in a representative population sample of Norwegians aged 20 to 59 years. Information has been collected by a postal questionnaires covering three areas: 1) Socio-demographic data; 2) Data on health status, coping styles, hazardous alcohol use, mental distress, patterns of attachment, social avoidance, neuroticism and personality problems; and 3) Data on stalking experiences. Part 1) and 2) are filled in by both cases and controls, while Part 3) only is responded to by individuals who have stalking experiences. Based on this data, the study aims to describe: · The prevalence of stalking and its subtypes in a representative sample of Norwegian adults aged 20 to 59 years. · Differences between individuals exposed to stalking compared to unexposed ones concerning socio-demographic factors, global health, coping styles, hazardous alcohol use, mental distress, patterns of attachment, social avoidance, neuroticism and personality problems. · Significant associations between the intensity of the stalking experience and global health, hazardous alcohol use, mental distress, social avoidance, personality problems adjusted for confounders. This is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study in which an age and gender representative sample of 5,000 Norwegians aged between 20 and 59 years of age were invited to participate. The response rate is approximately 30 %, as 1520 individuals have responded. Data from the population study will be presented at the conference.

• Narud, Kjersti (2013). How high profile offenders are dealt with by the courts, media and expert witnesses in different jurisdictions.
• Narud, Kjersti; Friestad, Christine & Dahl, Alv A (2012). Stalking experiences and associated factors – a controlled population-based study from Norway.
• Narud, Kjersti & Grøndahl, Pål (2012). Rettspsykiatri. I Aarre, Trond F. (Red.), Praktisk psykiatri. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-1172-2. s. 604–637.
• Narud, Kjersti; Mykletun, Arnstein & Dahl, Alv Andreas (2003). Quality of Life in Outpatients With Personality Disorders.

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