Tony Joakim Ananiassen Sandset

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Accomplished normalization, enduring exceptionalism: Aging with HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment. Health. ISSN 1363-4593. doi: 10.1177/13634593261469818. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article examines how adults aged 50 years and older living with HIV in Norway negotiate the contemporary shift from AIDS exceptionalism to biomedical normalization, and what this reveal about the endurance of exceptionalism “by other means.” Drawing on 21 semi-structured life-course interviews with people living with HIV, including long-term survivors diagnosed prior to combination ART in 1996, and analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis, the study identifies three patterned meanings. First, participants described “accomplished normalization”: HIV was narrated as clinically stable and increasingly comparable to other age-related conditions, supported by simplified ART routines and routinized follow-up care. Second, normalization was “disrupted” and at times actively contested, through stigma encounters, disclosure dilemmas, and especially sexuality and intimacy reactivated HIV as exceptional despite biomedical control. Third, participants articulated “discursive undetectability”: viral suppression was experienced as a biomedical achievement, yet many perceived declining public and professional knowledge about contemporary HIV, producing renewed fear, misrecognition, and incentives to conceal serostatus. The findings suggest that later-life HIV is characterized by an ambivalent coexistence of clinical normalization and social exceptionalism, and that meaningful normalization requires sustained public education and recognition alongside pharmaceutical efficacy.

• Kraaijeveld, Britt; Wieringa, Cornelis Hermannus Sietse; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Bussemaker, Jet (2026). How ambiguity becomes productive: implementing the policy concept of ‘appropriate care’ in Dutch healthcare (2026-07-13). Critical Policy Studies. ISSN 1946-0171. doi: https:/doi-org.ezproxy.uio.no/10.1080/19460171.2026.2701314. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony (2026). From Abruption to Chronicity: Temporalities of Long‐Term HIV Survival in Norway. Sociology of Health and Illness. ISSN 0141-9889. 48(5). doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.70222. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  ABSTRACT Since the mid‐1990s, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV from a fatal diagnosis into a manageable long‐term condition. For the first time, a large cohort of people who once expected to die young are now growing old with HIV. This article examines how long‐term survivors narrate and make sense of a life shaped by two linked turning points: First, a diagnosis that was widely understood as a death sentence; and second, the arrival of effective treatment, which abruptly reopened a future that had been foreclosed. Drawing on life‐history interviews with 21 people living with HIV aged 50 and older in Norway the article shows that diagnosis was experienced as a terminal rupture that cancelled plans, relationships, and long‐term commitments. The subsequent stabilisation of effective therapy did not simply restore what had been lost; it introduced a second upheaval, compelling participants to rebuild a life they had not expected to live. I propose the concept of prognostic horizon reversal to name this therapy‐driven shift in expected life horizons and to clarify how it reshapes biography, responsibility and the practical work of planning for a future under conditions of ongoing treatment, clinical monitoring and the lingering traces of earlier crisis.

• Greenhalgh, Trisha; Engebretsen, Eivind & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2025). What caused the COVID-19 pandemic? In Illari, Phyllis & Russo, Federica (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Causality and Causal Methods. Routledge. ISSN 9781032260198. p. 47–62. doi: 10.4324/9781003528937-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Betancourth, Víctor & Skolbekken, John-Arne (2025). Temporal Aspects of Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): The Controlled Routinization of Sexual Freedom and Spontaneity. Sexuality & Culture. ISSN 1095-5143. 29, p. 1260–1280. doi: 10.1007/s12119-025-10322-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study explores the adherence practices of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in Norway, focusing on how adherence work enables sexual freedom and spontaneity. Using qualitative interviews with 25 participants (24 gay cisgender men and one transgender man, aged 19–54), we investigate the tensions between the structured routines of adherence and the spontaneity facilitated by PrEP. Our findings highlight two key themes: routine and freedom. Routine adherence practices involved strategies such as using alarms, pill organizers, and synchronizing dosing with daily activities, emphasizing the temporal discipline required to maintain PrEP adherence. These “cold moments” of planning and routinization were essential to enabling “hot moments” of spontaneity, allowing participants to experience sexual freedom with reduced anxiety around HIV risk. The study demonstrates a temporal paradox where structured adherence practices afford spontaneity and autonomy, reframing adherence as an active and embodied labor rather than passive compliance. These findings underscore the importance of addressing the temporal and practical dimensions of adherence in designing PrEP implementation and support strategies. By conceptualizing adherence as work, this study informs public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing PrEP accessibility and fostering sustainable adherence practices, especially in diverse socio-cultural contexts.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Brynildsen, Stian (2024). From Global Health to Planetary Health. Translating Registers of Human Health, The Sociology of Translation and the Politics of Sustainability, Explorations Across Cultures and Natures. Routledge. ISSN 9781003285038. p. 168–189. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Pham, Trang; Dang, Dong Do & Davis, Sara Leila Margaret (2024). Sexual and reproductive health and digital human rights: a study with people living with HIV and key populations in Vietnam. Culture, Health and Sexuality. ISSN 1369-1058. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2024.2411406. Full text in Research Archive
• Hughes, Gemma; Moore, Lucy; Hennessy, Megan; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Jentoft, Elian Eve & Haldar, Marit (2024). What kind of a problem is loneliness? Representations of connectedness and participation from a study of telepresence technologies in the UK. Frontiers in Digital Health. 6. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1304085. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Loneliness is represented in UK policy as a public health problem with consequences in terms of individual suffering, population burden and service use. However, loneliness is historically and culturally produced; manifestations of loneliness and social isolation also require social and cultural analysis. We explored meanings of loneliness and social isolation in the UK 2020–2022 and considered what the solutions of telepresence technologies reveal about the problems they are used to address. Through qualitative methods we traced the introduction and use of two telepresence technologies and representations of these, and other technologies, in policy and UK media. Our dataset comprises interviews, fieldnotes, policy documents, grey literature and newspaper articles. We found lonelinesse was represented as a problem of individual human connection and of collective participation in social life, with technology understood as having the potential to enhance and inhibit connections and participation. Technologically-mediated connections were frequently perceived as inferior to in-person contact, particularly in light of the enforced social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that addressing loneliness requires attending to other, related, health and social problems and introducing technological solutions requires integration into the complex social and organisational dynamics that shape technology adoption. We conclude that loneliness is primarily understood as a painful lack of co-presence, no longer regarded as simply a subjective experience, but as a social and policy problem demanding resolution.

• Jentoft, Elian Eve; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Haldar, Marit (2024). Problematizing loneliness as a public health issue: an analysis of policy in the United Kingdom. Critical Policy Studies. ISSN 1946-0171. doi: 10.1080/19460171.2024.2306240. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article presents an analysis of discourses in recent UK policy on loneliness reduction. We use Carol Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to be’ approach (WPR) to explore how the problem of loneliness produces specific solutions, subject positions, and forms of responsibility. Our findings suggest loneliness is understood as a public health threat that both emerges from and causes ill health. Using Foucault’s concept of governmentality, we argue that policy discourses construct loneliness as a problem requiring governance to minimize health ‘risks.’ Loneliness is problematized as creating strain on health and social care systems, as well as the economy by reducing productivity. The projected ‘costs’ of loneliness are managed via social prescribing. Social prescribing positions GPs and link workers as guides whose role is to transfer lonely subjects away from costly healthcare settings and toward the civil sector. The policies are produced in a context of continued budget cuts which we propose may threaten the effectiveness of projects like social prescribing. Social determinants of health, closely tied to loneliness, are largely left unaddressed in favor of solutions that individualize and responsibilize lonely citizens.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2024). ‘Ending AIDS’ between comparison and commensuration and the role of global health indicators. Global Public Health. ISSN 1744-1692. 19(1). doi: 10.1080/17441692.2024.2312435. Full text in Research Archive
• Ødemark, John; Hove, Vetle; Haagensen, Trine Krigsvoll & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2024). “Infections without properties” Trust and cultural difference in the Norwegian public debate about minorities and COVID-19 before the vaccination, Vaccine hesitancy in the Nordic countries. Trust and distrust during the COVID-19 pandemic.. Routledge. ISSN 9781032305998. p. 222–242. doi: 10.4324/9781003305859-16. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  his chapter examines how concepts of “culture” were used and were related to “trust” in the public debate about COVID-19 and ethnic minorities in Norway. This is explored through an examination of the news coverage of COVID-19 and minority groups, and how these were presented in a selected sample of mainstream newspapers from the first lockdown in March 2020 to the beginning of the public vaccination program in December 2020. The point of departure is an observation of what the authors (influenced by the strong program in the sociology of science) call an asymmetrical use of “culture” in the debate; i.e., “culture” is what “others” (like ethnic minorities) have. Members of the majority were mostly held individually responsible for complying with rules for social distancing. A further observation, is that both the right wing and the liberal position implicitly concurred in the asymmetrical talk about culture, although the assessment of the role of culture in the spread of the disease varied widely. The aim is both analytical and theoretical; the chapter examines the use of “culture” in the Norwegian public debate but also rethinks the conceptual aspect of relating “culture” to COVID-19 and epidemiology.

• Davis, Sara L M; Pham, Trang; Kpodo, Irene; Imalingat, Tara; Muthui, Alex Kilonzo & Mjwana, Nomtika [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Digital health and human rights of young adults in Ghana, Kenya and Vietnam: A qualitative participatory action research study. BMJ Global Health. 8(5). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011254. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Digital health offers the potential to strengthen health systems in low- and middle-income countries. However, experts have warned about threats to human rights. Methods We used qualitative methods to investigate how young adults in Ghana, Kenya and Vietnam use their mobile phones to access online health information and peer support, and what they see as the effect on their human rights. We applied a transnational participatory action research approach. Global and national networks of people living with HIV, AIDS activists, young adults and human rights lawyers participated in study design, desk review, digital ethnography, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and qualitative analysis. Results We interviewed 174 young adults ages 18–30 in 24 focus groups in 7 cities in Ghana, Kenya and Vietnam, and held 36 key informant interviews with national and international stakeholders. Young adults reported predominantly using Google, social media and social chat groups for health information. They emphasised reliance on trusted peer networks, and the role of social media health champions. However, gender inequalities, class, education and geography create barriers to online access. Young adults also disclosed harms linked to seeking health information online. Some described anxiety about phone dependence and risk of surveillance. They called for a greater voice in digital governance. Conclusion National health officials should invest in young adults’ digital empowerment, and engage them in policy to address benefits and risks of digital health. Governments should cooperate to demand regulation of social media and web platforms to uphold the right to health.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2023). PrEP, Pharmakon, and Ambivalence in the Era of Nordic HIV Prevention. Kvinder, Køn og Forskning. ISSN 0907-6182. 351(1), p. 118–133. doi: 10.7146/KKF.V35I1.133743. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Using Derrida's notion of pharmakon (again from Plato), I want to bring attention to how we can utilize the notion of pharmakon as an analytical device for thinking about the entanglements between pharmaceuticals, and historical HIV narratives, and the contemporary landscape of HIV in the Nordic region. Pharmakon can denote both cure and poison. However, it can also refer to a meaning associated with scapegoating. This article will argue that the introduction of PrEP in Norway (and elsewhere) has set in motion discourses wherein PrEP can be perceived as a form of pharmakon based on the different actors framing the discourse. On the one hand, some have come to see PrEP as a pharmaceutical, which can usher in a new form of freedom that alleviates fears of HIV as well as opens up new intimacies. This is the curative side of PrEP. On the other hand, others have raised fears of the possible rise in other STIs due to PrEP usage, as well as the alleged 'abandonment of condom culture. This can be perceived as the poison side of PrEP. Finally, others have pointed to the moral and fiscal responsibilities associated with PrEP usage and the perceived loss of 'responsible gay sexuality. With the rise of the phrase 'Truvada whore', this can be seen as the scapegoating side of PrEP as pharmakon wherein PrEP users are scapegoated for their use of PrEP, and thus blamed for increases in STIs and lack of funds for other medical services provided by the welfare state such as migraine medicines in the Norwegian discourse. The article will utilize Norwegian material from public debates around PrEP as well as supplement these with discourses from Sweden and Denmark to make a disciplinary conjecture regarding the status of PrEP when seen through the concept of pharmakon.

• Espejord, Idun Eskeland & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). The Public Debates Regarding the Use of the Contraceptive Pill and PrEP: What can the Arguments Used Tell Us About Attitudes Surrounding Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Norway? Sexuality & Culture. ISSN 1095-5143. 26(5), p. 1561–1578. doi: 10.1007/s12119-022-09957-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2012 in the US ushered in new technology for preventing HIV in people who are seen as at risk of contracting HIV. However, the rollout of PrEP has been filled with various debates and controversies ranging from concerns about effectiveness, adherence levels, cost-effectiveness, and moral responsibility for HIV prevention. In this context, some commentators have noted the uncanny similarities between this debate on PrEP and the debates that surrounded the launch of the oral contraceptive pill (the Pill) some 50 years ago. In this article, we provide the first to our knowledge analysis that compares how debates surrounding the launch of the Pill and debates which emerged concerning the launch of PrEP. Our analytical setting is the launch of the Pill in Norway in the 1960s and the launch of PrEP in 2016. Moreover, we wanted to focus on how both pharmaceuticals were framed in news media in Norway. We argue that such an analysis can tell us something about how the pharmaceuticalization of sex and sexuality often becomes dominated by discourses of morality and pivots around various issues of responsibility, in particular when it comes to female and gay sexualities.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Villadsen, Kaspar (2022). Pandemic modelling and model citizens: Governing COVID-19 through predictive models, sovereignty and discipline. Sociological Review. ISSN 0038-0261. doi: 10.1177/00380261221102023. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Pandemic modelling functions as a means of producing evidence of potential events and as an instrument of intervention that Tim Rhodes and colleagues describe as entangling science into social practices, calculations into materializations, abstracts into effects and models into society. This article seeks to show how a model society evinced through mathematical models produces a model not only for society but also for citizens, showing them how to act in a certain model manner that prevents an anticipated pandemic future. To this end, we analyse political speeches by various Norwegian ministers to elucidate how various model-based COVID-19 responses enact a ‘model citizen’. Theoretically, we combine Rhodes et al.’s arguments with Foucault’s concepts of law, discipline and security, thus showing what a model society might imply for the model citizen. Finally, we conclude that although the model society is largely informed by epidemiological models and liberal biopolitics that typically place responsibility on individual subjects, sovereign state power remains manifestly present in the speeches’ rhetoric.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Engebretsen, Eivind (2022). Sustainable Healthcare Education as a Practice of Governmentality? Sustainability. 14(22). doi: 10.3390/su142215416. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Sustainability as a concept is found across a multitude of sectors in today’s society. This ‘sustainability turn’ as we might call it, has made its entry into educational paradigms such as ‘education for sustainable development’. The healthcare sector has embraced the notion of sustainability primarily by emphasizing how climate change impacts human health. Epitomized in the new paradigm of sustainable healthcare education (SHE), or education for sustainable healthcare (ESH), the sustainability turn has arrived with full force within medical education. This article will argue that sustainable healthcare education may be analyzed as a governmental practice. We ask: by what governmental techniques does one seek to create sustainable health subjects, i.e., self-leading future doctors? On the one hand, sustainability is a call for global engagement that goes beyond the health of the singular patients within the paradigm of SHE. On the other hand, it can risk producing individual doctors and students that are responsibilized in the name of sustainability to take on ever-increasing tasks to foster human and planetary health. In this way, we argue that the SHE paradigm might risk transferring responsibility from the state to the individual to achieve ‘sustainable health’. Keywords: sustainability; Foucault; governmentality; healthcare education; higher education

• Berg, Henrik; Askheim, Clemet; Heggen, Kristin; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Engebretsen, Eivind (2022). From evidence-based to sustainable healthcare: Cochrane revisited. Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. ISSN 1356-1294. 28(5), p. 741–744. doi: 10.1111/jep.13698. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Evidence-based healthcare is the prevailing model for healthcare services. In Cochrane's seminal thinking, political context was included with the purpose of promoting healthcare equity. However, the subsequent evidence-based healthcare models marginalized political context. In this paper, we argue that current models of evidence-based healthcare fail to respond to emerging healthcare challenges. We claim that reintegration of political context is crucial to make healthcare sustainable. Global communities are anticipating ecological crises with immense repercussions for healthcare. This prospect illustrates that healthcare models failing to integrate political context also risk neglecting some of the most relevant healthcare issues of our time.

• Davis, Sara LM; Addo, Priscilla; Ayeh, Elsie; Castro, Javier Enrique Guerrero; Caswell, Georgina & Chau, Thuy Duyen [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2022). Towards digital justice: participatory action research in global digital health. BMJ Global Health. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009351. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the rapid growth and financialisation of digital health, benefiting private companies in high-income countries through extractive forms of data mining. While a growing number of countries are now developing new digital strategies and policies to fill digital governance gaps, there is little public awareness and input into these processes of policy development. New models of knowledge production are required to address these inequalities and empower marginalised groups to know their digital rights in order to advocate for rights-based digital governance. The HIV response offers models for this that could be applied more widely: community-led networks of people living with and affected by HIV have translated arcane human rights law, medicine and pharmaceutical knowledge into user-friendly, actionable language, and have used this process to mobilise marginalised groups and have a meaningful say in decision-making. While the 2021 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS calls for more community-engaged research, such approaches have yet to be applied widely in global health research. We present one model of a transnational participatory action research study into digital health for young adults in five countries and reflect on the benefits, challenges and wider implications of this approach.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Tørngren, Sayaka Osanami & Einhorn, Eric S (2022). Contesting National Identity as a Racial Signifier: Mixed-Race Idenity in Norway and Sweden, Migration and Multiculturalism in Scandinavia. University of Wisconsin Press. ISSN 9780299334802. p. 150–170. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  150 Contesting National Identity as a Racial Signifier Mixed-Race Identity in Norway and Sweden Sayaka Osanami Törngren and Tony Sandset Increased international mobility and globalization have brought about a significant increase in intimate interracial relationships, including in Norway and Sweden. As a consequence, the children of these unions— that is, multiethnic and multiracial persons—are undeniably part of con­ temporary society (see, e.g., Osanami Törngren, Irastorza, and Song 2016; Rodríguez-García2015).SwedenandNorwayarenotaloneinthisglobaltrend. The racial and ethnic composition of Sweden and Norway has changed dramatically in a relatively short period of time through immigration. In both countries, the majority of ethnic and racial minorities have a Middle Eastern and Muslim background. In 2018 18 percent of the ten million residents of Sweden were born abroad; 5 percent of people born in Sweden had two foreignborn parents; and 7 percent were the children of binational marriages, the offspring of one Sweden-born and one foreign-born parent. When it comes to the population under the age of eighteen in three major cities (Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö), native Swedes with two Sweden-born parents are a numerical minority: more than 50 percent have a foreign background (i.e., either themselves or one or both of their parents were born abroad). Around 17 percent of the population have one parent born in and one parent born outside Sweden in the three biggest cities, potentially representing a multi­ racial and multiethnic population (Statistics Sweden 2018). In Norway 14 percent of the total population were born abroad; that is, they are categorized as “immigrants” by Statistics Norway (SSB, Statistisk sentralbyrå; see Statistics Norway 2018). Some 3.2 percent of the population are so-called Norwegianborn with immigrant background; that is, both parents were born outside Contesting National Identity as a Racial Signifier 151 Norway. Of these, the majority—10 percent—are of Pakistani background, followed by those of Somali and then Polish background (Statistics Norway 2018). Norwegian “binationals,” defined by the SSB as the “Norwegian-born with 1 foreign-born parent and 2 foreign-born grandparents,” accounted in 2019 for 4 percent of the population. Statistics show that there has been a steady increase in this segment of the population since 2004, when the figure was 3 percent of the total population (Statistics Norway 2018). We can observe a clear trend, based on which we can expect that this segment of the population will gradually become more visible within the Norwegian population. Most studies on mixed-race identities are conducted in English-speaking countries, although there has been a significant increase in the amount of literatureproducedonmixednessoutsidethiscontext (e.g.,Childs2018;Edwards et al. 2012; King-O’Riain et al. 2014; Rocha and Fozdar 2017; Rocha et al. 2019). Despite the increasing number of mixed populations in Nordic countries, the field of mixed-race studies has not taken off there (exceptions are Appel and Singla 2016; Sandset 2014, 2018; Skadegård and Jensen 2018). Mixed populations , therefore, are “overlooked” (Appel and Singla 2016), and their stories are rendered invisible as yet another immigrant story (Sandset 2018, 4). Research on mixed populations in Sweden and Norway is very limited. This chapter, based on twenty-two interviews with mixed-race Norwegians and sixteen interviews with mixed-race Swedes, explores how they are ascribed with the dialectic categories based on the visibility of mixedness, such as phenotype or name, and how they respond and contest these ascribed identities by challenging the notion of national identity as a racial category. We discuss how mixed-race Norwegians and Swedes are claiming national identity as Norwegian or Swedish as an overarching identity category that goes beyond the dichotomy and embraces their mixedness.

• North, Sarah; Sandset, Tony Joakim & Olsen, Anne Olaug (2021). A cross-sectional survey of general practitioner knowledge, attitudes, and clinical experience of HIV PrEP. Journal of Public Health (Berlin). ISSN 2198-1833. doi: 10.1007/s10389-021-01626-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2021). The necropolitics of COVID-19: Race, class and slow death in an ongoing pandemic. Global Public Health. ISSN 1744-1692. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1906927. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Villadsen, Kaspar; Heggen, Kristin & Engebretsen, Eivind (2021). Discipline for pleasure: a new governmentality of HIV prevention. BioSocieties. ISSN 1745-8552. doi: 10.1057/s41292-021-00257-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article explores recent HIV prevention campaigns for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), focusing on how they integrate pleasure and desire in their calls for self-discipline through a continual use of pharmaceuticals. This emerging type of health promotion, here represented by ads promoting the preventive use of pharmaceuticals, no longer simply approaches target groups with demands to abstain from harmful substances or practices and thus control risks, but also includes messages that recognize individuals’ habits, values, and their desires for pleasure. Drawing on Foucault’s work concerning discipline and security, we suggest that a novel, permissive discipline is emerging in contemporary HIV prevention. Further guided by Barthes’s theory of images, we analyse posters used in prevention campaigns, scrutinizing their culture-specific imagery and linguistic messages, i.e. how the words and images interact. We conclude that these campaigns introduce a new temporality of prevention, one centred on pleasure through the pre-emption and planning that PrEP enables.

• Nagington, Maurice & Sandset, Tony Joakim (2020). Putting the NHS England on trial: uncertainty-as-power, evidence and the controversy of PrEP in England. Medical Humanities. ISSN 1468-215X. 46(3), p. 176–179. doi: 10.1136/medhum-2019-011780. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2020). The ethical and epistemological pitfalls of translating phylogenetic HIV testing: from patient-centered care to surveillance. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 7(19). doi: 10.1057/s41599-020-0522-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Shammas, Victor Lund & Sandset, Tony Joakim (2020). Reproduction and the Welfare State: Notes on Norwegian Biopolitics. Nordic Journal of Social Research. 11(1), p. 1–18. doi: 10.7577/njsr.3244. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Norway has long been considered to be a bastion of social democracy due to its strong, protective, decommodifying welfare state. However, with the recent rise of neoliberalism and right-wing populist politics across the West, this Northern European society has gradually shifted from Keynesian Fordism to a moderate form of neoliberalism. This political-economic pivot has also resulted in a transformation of what Foucault termed biopolitics: a politics concerned with life itself. In early 2019, leading politicians in Norway’s centre-right coalition government placed the problem of the declining fertility rate on the national agenda and framed the problem of biological reproduction in ways particular to their political-ideological perspectives. The Conservative Party discussed reproduction in terms of producerism, or the problem of supplying the welfare state with labouring, tax-paying citizens. The Progress Party emphasised ethnonational exclusion, engaging in racial denigration with the aim to ensure the reproduction of ‘ethnic Norwegians’. The Christian Democrats highlighted a conservative Christian ‘right to life’ topos amidst growing secularisation and pluralism. All three parties signalled a turn from traditional social-democratic ideologies. Neoliberalism has proven to be malleable, able to fuse with a wide range of biopolitical programmes including moral exhortations, ethnonational exclusion and religious discourse to approach the problem of reproduction. However, this post-social-democratic approach generally is unwilling to provide material security through large-scale social expenditures and universal welfare institutions, preferring instead to address the ‘hearts and minds’ of the populace. Consequently, the fundamental cause of sub-replacement fertility—the gradual proliferation of ontological insecurity—remains unaddressed.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim & Bangstad, Sindre (2019). Avkolonisering. En begrepkritisk gjennomgang. Agora Journal for metafysisk spekulasjon. ISSN 0800-7136. p. 227–239. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2019). ‘HIV Both Starts and Stops with Me’: Configuring the Neoliberal Sexual Actor in HIV Prevention. Sexuality & Culture. ISSN 1095-5143. 23, p. 657–673. doi: 10.1007/s12119-018-09584-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim & Wieringa, Sietse (2019). Impure policies: controversy in HIV prevention and the making of evidence. Critical Policy Studies. ISSN 1946-0171. doi: 10.1080/19460171.2019.1661865. Full text in Research Archive
• Gilroy, Paul; Sandset, Tony Joakim; Bangstad, Sindre & Høibjerg, Gard Ringen (2019). A diagnosis of contemporary forms of racism, race and nationalism: a conversation with Professor Paul Gilroy. Cultural Studies. ISSN 0950-2386. 33(2), p. 173–197. doi: 10.1080/09502386.2018.1546334. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Described as one of the most intellectually formidable cultural and social theorists of our time, Paul Gilroy has reshaped debates on racism, nationalism and multiculturalism. In April 2018, Prof. Paul Gilroy returned to Norway for the first time in over a decade for a series of public and academic events in Oslo and Bergen. Gilroy appeared at events held at the Houses of Literature in Oslo and Bergen, and the Universities of Oslo and Bergen, which took place between the 17th and 20th of April 2018 and marked the 25th anniversary of the publication of Gilroy’s seminal work for which he is arguably best known, his 1993 classic The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness [Harvard University Press]. This article is a transcript of a conversation held at the House of Literature in Oslo on the 17th of April 2018 between Professor Paul Gilroy (King's College London, UK) and Associate Researcher Sindre Bangstad (KIFO, Norway). It has been annotated for clarifications and contextualization in an effort to bring this conversation in line with Professor Gilroy’s work, legacy and thoughts on the current historical moment, in light of his own intellectual labour. As such this interview illuminates some of the ways in which Paul Gilroy offers a diagnosis of the contemporary political climate while also accounting for this moment in relationship to his own work throughout the years on the interconnectedness of race, racism, and nationalism

• Engebretsen, Eivind; Sandset, Tony Joakim & Ødemark, John (2017). Expanding the knowledge translation metaphor. Health Research Policy and Systems. doi: 10.1186/s12961-017-0184-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Knowledge translation (KT) is a buzzword in modern medical science. However, there has been little theoretical reflection on translation as a process of meaning production in KT. In this paper, we argue that KT will benefit from the incorporation of a more theoretical notion of translation as an entangled material, textual and cultural process. Discussion We discuss and challenge fundamental assumptions in KT, drawing on theories of translation from the human sciences. We show that the current construal of KT as separate from and secondary to the original scientific message is close to the now deeply compromised literary view of translation as the simple act of copying the original. Inspired by recent theories of translation, we claim that KT can be more adequately understood in terms of a ‘double supplement’ – on the one hand, KT offers new approaches to the communication of scientific knowledge to different groups in the healthcare system with the aim of supplementing a lack of knowledge among clinicians (and patients). On the other, it demonstrates that a textual and cultural supplement, namely a concern with target audiences (clinicians and patients), is inevitable in the creation of an ‘autonomous’ science. Hence, the division between science and its translation is unproductive and impossible to maintain. We discuss some possible implications of our suggested shift in concept by drawing on pharmaceutical interventions for the prevention of HIV as a case. We argue that such interventions are based on a supplementary and paradoxical relation to the target audiences, both presupposing and denying their existence. Summary More sophisticated theories of translation can lay the foundation for an expanded model of KT that incorporates a more adequate and reflective description of the interdependency of scientific, cultural, textual and material practices.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2017). Time and Translation: The formation of temporalities and early modern ethnography in Theodore de Bry’s A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. Tidsskrift for kulturforskning. ISSN 1502-7473. 2, p. 101–104. Full text in Research Archive
• Askheim, Clemet; Sandset, Tony Joakim & Engebretsen, Eivind (2017). Who cares? The lost legacy of Archie Cochrane. Medical Humanities. ISSN 1468-215X. 43(1), p. 41–46. doi: 10.1136/medhum-2016-011037. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Over the last 20 years, the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement has sought to develop standardised approaches to patient treatment by drawing on research results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane Collaboration and its eponym, Archie Cochrane, have become symbols of this development, and Cochrane's book Effectiveness and Efficiency from 1972 is often referred to as the first sketch of what was to become EBM. In this article, we claim that this construction of EBM's historical roots is based on a selective reading of Cochrane's text. Through a close reading of this text, we show that the principal aim of modern EBM, namely to warrant clinical decisions based on evidence drawn from RCTs, is not part of Cochrane's original project. He had more modest ambitions for what RCTs can accomplish, and, more importantly, he was more concerned with care and equality than are his followers in the EBM movement. We try to reconstruct some of Cochrane's lost legacy and to articulate some of the important silences in Effectiveness and Efficiency. From these clues it might be possible, we argue, to remodel EBM in a broader, more pluralistic, more democratic and less authoritarian manner.

• Sandset, Tony (2014). Color As Matter. A Different Deployment of Color. Ethnologia Scandinavica. A Journal for Nordic Ethnology. ISSN 0348-9698. 44, p. 7–22. Full text in Research Archive

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• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Ødemark, John (2026). Det postkoloniale og det planetære. Introduksjon til Chakrabartys historietenkning. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202879068. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2023). UNG / Psykisk helse: Personlige og faglige tekster om psykisk helse blant unge. Minotenk. ISBN 9788269166620. 108 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). Migration and Multiculturalism in Scandinavia. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299334802. 368 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2021). Translating Global Epidemics: The Case of Ebola. Routledge. ISBN 9781138335349. 428 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2021). Håndbok mot rasisme. Minotenk. ISBN 9788269166613. 127 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2020). ‘Ending AIDS’ in the Age of Biopharmaceuticals The Individual, the State and the Politics of Prevention. Routledge. ISBN 9780367185831. 183 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim; Engebretsen, Eivind & Heggen, Kristin (2020). Sustainable Sexual Health Analysing the Implementation of the SDGs. Routledge. ISBN 9780367179076. 134 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2018). Color that Matters A Comparative Approach to Mixed Race Identity and Nordic Exceptionalism. Routledge. ISBN 9781138050143. 196 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Beyond Anglo-American Frameworks: Toward a Scandinavian Critical Mixed-Race Studies. doi: https:/superdiversity.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/conference-full-programme-2026-september-2.pdf. Full text in Research Archive
• Byron, Margaret; Wigger, Iris; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Patton, Tracey Owens & Mavroudi, Elizabeth (2026). Negotiating mixed-heritage family identities in Germany and Norway: Exploring representations, lived experiences,agency and digital spaces. doi: https:/superdiversity.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/conference-full-programme-2026-september-2.pdf. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Infections without properties:Culture, trust and racialized (in)communicability in Norway's per-vaccination COVID-19 debate. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This contribution reflects on how race, affect, and (in)communicability were configured in Norway’s public debate on COVID-19 before mass vaccination. In this unsettled moment, “culture” and “trust” became key political idioms for explaining unequal infection burdens and for sorting who counted as responsible, intelligible, and care-worthy. Building on prior collaborative work, I argue that “culture” was mobilized asymmetrically. When attached to immigrants and racialized minorities, culture was repeatedly treated as a bounded collective property that predisposed groups to risk, and non-compliance. By contrast, majority infections were framed as universal biomedical events—even when linked to culturally patterned practices such as ski holidays, Easter travel, or Christmas gatherings. This uneven marking of some lives as culturally “risky” while others remain unmarked enables moral economies of predation and appropriation: statistical “overrepresentation” becomes readable as cultural deficiency, while majority practices retain epistemic innocence. At the same time, “trust” is elevated as a distinctive majority affect, figured as the precondition for collective compliance. I then attend to communicative infrastructures: who is authorized to speak, who is heard, and how speech travels. Majority subjects are commonly individualized and permitted to speak for themselves, with transgressions framed as personal lapses. Minority speech more often moves through spokespersons and community leaders and is interpreted through idioms of lack (language, health literacy, trust). In this mediated economy, “lack” functions as a racialized affective diagnosis that can legitimate intensified surveillance, behavioral correction, and selective withholding of solidarity.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Critical mixed-race studies in Scandinavia? Conceptual notes on decentering the US and the UK in mixed-race studies. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Critical-mixed race studies have much to offer in the fields of ethnic studies, migration studies, and research on race and racism. Gradually emerging over the last decades, the field offers important correctives and extensions within research on racial identity, race relations, and hierarchies of power and privilege, as well as the power of racial categorization. Yet, a US and UK hegemony has heavily dominated the field regarding topics explored, analytical optics, and conceptual development. This paper explores, through conceptual developments, how critical mixed-race studies based in Scandinavia can decenter and supplement the hegemony of US and UK-dominated perspectives. By attending to the socio-political history and current moment in Scandinavia, I argue that while perspectives from US and UK-based scholarship bring essential insights to the Scandinavian context, critical-mixed studies in Scandinavia have much to offer in return by attending to the specific context within Scandinavia. On the one hand, theories of racialization and racial hierarchies have long been influential in the US and UK settings, while less so in the Scandinavian context. Yet, in critical-mixed race studies, perspectives on how culture, religious identities, and language influence processes of racialization, identity, and community have figured less in the US context. These analytical points have dominated much of the research agenda in migration and ethnic studies in Scandinavia. The question then becomes: can we move toward critical mixed-race studies that incorporate these perspectives?

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Oppsummering av NFR prosjektet: Likestilling, inkludering og mangfold i akademisk medisin og helsefag (BALANSE+). Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Kristensen, Solveig; Amundsen, Marthe & Harbo, Hanne-Cathrin Flinstad (2026). Likestilling og mangfold som kvalitetspolitikk i akademia. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Likestilling, inkludering og mangfold i akademisk arbeid. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Likestilling, inkludering og mangfold i akademisk arbeid. Gevinster, utfordringer og konsekvenser. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Critical Mixed Race Studies og norsk migrasjonsforskning: et konseptuelt forslag. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Migrasjon og integrasjon analyseres vanligvis gjennom kategorier som «innvandrer», «etterkommer» og «majoritet/minoritet», mens befolkningsgrupper med blandet etnisk bakgrunn forblir analytisk marginale i norsk sosiologi, til tross for at den heterogene gruppen dette er stadig øker, både i Norge, USA og England. Internasjonalt har mixed race studies – og særlig Critical Mixed Race Studies (CMRS) – etablert seg som et viktig felt som undersøker hvordan blandethet belyser rasialisering, grensedragningene og nasjonale selvforståelser i migrasjons- og integrasjonssammenhenger. Dette paperet er et konseptuelt innlegg som skisserer hvordan innsikter fra mixed race studies kan videreutvikle sosiologisk forskning på migrasjon og integrasjon i Norge. Utgangspunktet for presentasjonen er at feltet og tematikken er, med noen få unntak fra Skandinavia generelt og Norge spesielt, fraværende fra norsk forskning. Migrasjon og integrasjon er sentrale temaer i norsk sosiologi, men analyser av blandethet – personer med det vi kan kalle blandet rase eller «blandet bakgrunn» – har i liten grad vært utviklet som eget analytisk felt. Dette er slående, gitt at nettopp spørsmål om tilhørighet, grensedragninger og legitimitet står i sentrum for konfliktfylte offentlige debatter om innvandring, integrering, rasisme og ulikhet, og dermed også for en del av den sosiologiske forskningen i Norge. En tilnærming kan være å si at blandethet gjør synlig konflikter om hvem som regnes som «innvandrer», «norsk» eller «minoritet», og hvordan disse grensene forhandles, utfordres og til dels motarbeides både i hverdagsliv og i politikk. Dette går rett i kjernen av en rekke tema innenfor sosiologien. Paperet er et konseptuelt innlegg som utvikler en forskningsagenda for mixed race-studier i en skandinavisk kontekst. For det første utforsker jeg, gjennom teoretiske og begrepslige drøftinger, hvordan mixed race-studier forankret i Skandinavia kan forskyve og supplere hegemoniet til den i hovedsak amerikanske og engelske litteraturen på feltet. Med utgangspunkt i den særegne historiske og sosio-politiske konteksten i Skandinavia, argumenterer jeg for at amerikansk og engelsk forskning gir sentrale innsikter til forståelsen av rasialisering, hierarkier og blandethet også her, men at mixed race-studier utviklet i en skandinavisk ramme samtidig kan gi viktige bidrag til den internasjonale litteraturen ved å ta de spesifikke (migrasjons)historiske, politiske og kulturelle vilkårene i regionen på alvor. På den ene siden har teorier om rase, rasialisering og rasehierarkier lenge vært mer eksplisitt utviklet og anvendt i amerikansk og engelsk sammenheng enn i de skandinaviske landene. På den andre siden har analyser av kultur, religiøs identitet og språk som nøkkelfaktorer i prosesser knyttet til tilhørighet, kategorisering og eksklusjon stått særlig sterkt i nordisk migrasjons- og etnisitetsforskning, men i mindre grad vært sentrale i den internasjonale litteraturen om mixed race, der nettopp teorier om rasialisering, «race relations» og rasisme har vært mye mer dominerende som analytiske inngangsporter. Analytisk knyttes paperet til seminarets tema gjennom et fokus på konflikt og motstand på følgende måter: (1) konflikter om kategorier og statistikk (hvordan blandethet gjøres (u)synlig i offisiell statistikk og integrasjonspolitikk både historisk og konseptuelt) og (2) hverdagslige erfarte konflikter og former for motstand i møte med rasialiserte grensedragninger for personer med blandet etnisk bakgrunn. Avslutningsvis vil paperet skissere en forskningsagenda som både bygger på den internasjonale litteraturen om mixed race-studier og adresserer et tydelig kunnskapshull i norsk sosiologi. Jeg foreslår en videre forskningsinnsats som omfatter (1) kvantitative studier, (2) kvalitative studier, (3) historiske studier og (4) konseptuelle og teoretiske studier som kan sette mixed race-studier i dialog med migrasjons- og integrasjonsfeltet. Slik søker paperet å løfte blandethet som et sentralt tema i norsk forskning og å posisjonere mixed race-studier som et analytisk bindeledd mellom studier av migrasjon, integrasjon, rasisme og sosial ulikhet.

• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2026). Fra politikk til praksis: Hvordan sikrer vi fremragende utdanning (for en bærekraftig fremtid)? Rammevilkårene for pedagogisk utviklingsarbeid versus forskning. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2025). Inkluderende Språk. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2025). Hvordan gjenkjenne og håndtere egne og andres holdninger? Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2025). Institusjonelt mangfoldsarbeid: Panelsamtale om motstand. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Vogt, Henrik (2025). Når kosmetikk-leger skader, må de selv ta regningen. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2025). Neglecting to Death: Rethinking Power, Responsibility, and the Politics of Inaction in Global Health. Full text in Research Archive
• Rafstedt, My; Steuernagel, Carolina Borges Rau & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2024). The Mobilization of Fetal Pain in Abortion Legislation. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2023). Stainable Healthcare Education: More Than green healthcare. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2023). HOW DO PANDEMICS END? Full text in Research Archive
• Petersen, Michael Nebeling; Wung-Sung, Tobias de Fønss; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Larsen, Bolette Frydendahl; Møller, Kristian & Bissenbakker, Mons (2023). En introduktion til en skandinavisk hiv/aids-historie. Kvinder, Køn og Forskning. ISSN 0907-6182. p. 7–20. doi: 10.7146/KKF.V35I1.138223. Full text in Research Archive
• Hyatt, Jordan; Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Veen, Jannet van der & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2023). Philadelphia bans supervised injection sites – evidence suggests keeping drug users on the street could do more harm than good. The Conversation. ISSN 2201-5639. Full text in Research Archive
• Engebretsen, Eivind; Sharma, Ritika; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen; Heggen, Kristin; Ottersen, Ole Petter & Clarke, Helen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Teaching sustainable health care through the critical medical humanities. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00809-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). Synchronizing the Future Endings of AIDS: The role of targets, metrics and tables. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). Norsk forskning strandet på nok et hvileskjær. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). Akademias mentale midlertidighet. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). Humaniora for vår tids ut­fordringer. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). Differential privileges shaping ICT4D: Intersectional analysis of implications for theory, policy, & practice. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2022). Endelig blåmandag. Forsknings­fiendtlig budsjett og en sektor i krise. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2021). Sustainable Sexual Health. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2021). Mangfold må bli mer enn et «buzzword». Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2021). Vi sløser bort ressurser i den febrilske jakten på eksterne midler. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2021). I ­­­­debatten om avkolonisering har vi alle noe å frykte. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2021). Hva er rasisme? In Sandset, Tony Joakim (Eds.), Håndbok mot rasisme. Minotenk. ISSN 9788269166613. p. 17–21. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim & Lisa, Esohel Knudsen (2021). Rasismens historie i Norge. In Sandset, Tony Joakim (Eds.), Håndbok mot rasisme. Minotenk. ISSN 9788269166613. p. 23–29. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2021). Debatt­klima i akademia ligner mer og mer på en skytter­grav. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvalø, Øystein Kolstad; Lundmark, Anders Mattias & Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen (2021). Studenter som partnere i undervisningsutvikling – hvordan få det til i praksis? Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2020). Det ulykksalige triangelet rase, etnisitet og nasjon. Salongen – nettidsskrift for filosofi og idéhistorie. ISSN 2703-7053. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim & Engebretsen, Eivind (2020). En bærekraftig livspolitikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim & Engebretsen, Eivind (2020). Skyter seg selv i foten. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim; Heggen, Kristin; Engebretsen, Eivind & Engebretsen, Eivind (2020). What we need is a sustainable politics of life. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31378-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Sterri, aksel; Hutchison, Ragnhild & Puyvallee, Antoine de Bengy (2020). En lærdom fra Tyskland. Full text in Research Archive
• Heggen, Kristin; Sandset, Tony Joakim & Engebretsen, Eivind (2020). COVID-19 and sustainable development goals. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. ISSN 0042-9686. 98(10). doi: 10.2471/BLT.20.263533. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2019). PrEP at the Margins: Towards a Critically Applied Anthropology of Nordic PrEP Access. Somatosphere: Science, Medicine and Anthropology. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2018). Tattoos and Time: Visual Ethnography and Universal History in a Briefe And True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1590). In Jordheim, Helge; Bjørnstad, Hall & regent-susini, anne (Ed.), Universal History and the Making of the Global. Routledge. ISSN 9781138316195. p. 105–116. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony (2013). "Images of the savage: the formation of early visual ethnography in Theodore de Bry’s A Briefe and True Report". Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony (2013). "The formation of early visual ethnography in Theodore de Bry’s A Briefe and True Report". Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony (2013). Color As Matter: A Difficult Deployment of Color. Full text in Research Archive
• Ødemark, John & Sandset, Tony (2013). Fra informantens kulturhistorie. Full text in Research Archive
• Bangstad, Sindre; Rønningen, Netta Marie; Larsen, Edvard Nergård; Sandset, Tony Joakim Ananiassen & Massao, Prisca (2022). Kartlegging av rasisme og diskriminering i møte med Oslo kommune. KIFO. Full text in Research Archive
• Sandset, Tony Joakim (2017). Time and Translation: The formation of temporalities and early modern ethnography in Theodore de Bry's A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive

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