Fredrik Müller

• Garcia Llorente, Ignacio; Lee, Yunsung; Brynildsrud, Ola Brønstad; Eldholm, Vegard; Magnus, Per Minor & Blomfeldt, Anita [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Tracing the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during vaccine roll-out in Norway. Virus Evolution. ISSN 2057-1577. 10(1). doi: 10.1093/ve/vead081.
• Amstutz, Alain; Speich, Benjamin; Mentré, France; Rüegg, Corina Silvia; Belhadi, Drifa & Assoumou, Lambert [Show all 35 contributors for this article] (2023). Effects of remdesivir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 2213-2600. 11(5), p. 453–464. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00528-8.
• Corwin, Linn Merete B.; Campbell, Patricia; Jakobsen, Kirsti; Müller, Fredrik; Lai, Xiaoran & Unemo, M. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Improvement in Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture rates by bedside inoculation and incubation at a clinic for sexually transmitted infections. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. ISSN 1476-0711. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12941-023-00576-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Corwin, Linn Merete B.; Ingebretsen, André; Campbell, Patricia; Alfsnes, Kristian; Müller, Fredrik & Mauder, Norman [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; can it be used as a rapid typing method of Neisseria gonorrhoeae? Journal of Microbiological Methods. ISSN 0167-7012. 205, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106675. Full text in Research Archive
• Wainstein, Marina; MacDonald, Samual; Fryer, Daniel; Young, Kyle; Balan, Valeria & Begum, Husna [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Use of an extended KDIGO definition to diagnose acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: A multinational study using the ISARIC–WHO clinical characterisation protocol. PLoS Medicine. ISSN 1549-1277. 19(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003969.
• Reyes, Luis Felipe; Murthy, Srinivas; Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Merson, Laura; Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D. & Rello, Jordi [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study. Critical Care. ISSN 1364-8535. 26(1). doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04155-1.
• Cho, Sung-Min; White, Nicole; Premraj, Lavienraj; Battaglini, Denise; Fanning, Jonathon & Suen, Jacky [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children. Brain. ISSN 0006-8950. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac332.
• Gonçalves, Bronner P.; Hall, Matthew; Jassat, Waasila; Balan, Valeria; Murthy, Srinivas & Kartsonaki, Christiana [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). An international observational study to assess the impact of the Omicron variant emergence on the clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 11. doi: 10.7554/eLife.80556.
• Tran, Trung; Vaage, Eline Benno; Mehta, Adi; Chopra, Adity; Tietze, Lisa & Kolderup, Heidi Anette [Show all 40 contributors for this article] (2022). Titers of antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 correlate with levels of neutralizing antibodies to multiple variants. npj Vaccines. ISSN 2059-0105. 7(1). doi: 10.1038/s41541-022-00586-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Merson, Laura; Kennon, Kalynn; Kelly, Sadie; Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru & Fryer, Daniel Vidali [Show all 1,775 contributors for this article] (2022). ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Scientific Data. ISSN 2052-4463. 9(1). doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01534-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Granerud, Beathe Kiland; Ueland, Thor; Lind, Andreas; Søraas, Arne Vasli; Fevang, Børre & Steffensen, Anne Katrine [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Omicron Variant Generates a Higher and More Sustained Viral Load in Nasopharynx and Saliva Than the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses. ISSN 1999-4915. 14(11). doi: 10.3390/v14112420. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 spreads more easily than earlier variants, possibly as a result of a higher viral load in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. Hence, we investigated whether the Omicron variant generates a higher viral load than that of the Delta variant in saliva and nasopharynx. Both specimens were collected from 52 Omicron and 17 Delta cases at two time points one week apart and analyzed by qRT-PCR. Viral load was measured as 10 log RNA genome copies per 1000 human cells according to the WHO reference standard. We found that Omicron cases carried a higher viral load and had more sustained viral shedding compared to the Delta cases, especially in the nasopharynx.

• Søraas, Arne Vasli; Grødeland, Gunnveig; Granerud, Beathe Kiland; Ueland, Thor; Lind, Andreas & Fevang, Børre [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2022). Breakthrough infections with the omicron and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 result in similar re-activation of vaccine-induced immunity. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 13:964525, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964525. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Results showing that sera from double vaccinated individuals have minimal neutralizing activity against Omicron have been interpreted as indicating the need for a third vaccine dose for protection. However, there is little information about early immune responses to Omicron infection in double vaccinated individuals. Methods: We measured inflammatory mediators, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and spike peptide-induced release of interferon gamma in whole blood in 51 double-vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron, in 14 infected with Delta, and in 18 healthy controls. The median time points for the first and second samples were 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, respectively. Findings: Infection with Omicron or Delta led to a rapid and similar increase in antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Omicron protein and spike peptide-induced interferon gamma in whole blood. Both the Omicron- and the Delta-infected patients had a mild and transient increase in inflammatory parameters. Interpretation: The results suggest that two vaccine doses are sufficient to mount a rapid and potent immune response upon infection in healthy individuals of with the Omicron variant.

• Tveita, Anders Aune; Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Holter, Jan Cato; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Michelsen, Annika Elisabet & Lerum, Tøri Vigeland [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2022). High Circulating Levels of the Homeostatic Chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 Predict Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19. Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0022-1899. 226(12), p. 2150–2160. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac313. Full text in Research Archive
• Trøseid, Marius; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Holter, Jan Cato; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen & Yang, Kuan [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2022). Persistent T-cell exhaustion in relation to prolonged pulmonary pathology and death after severe COVID-19: Results from two Norwegian cohort studies. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 292(5), p. 816–828. doi: 10.1111/joim.13549. Full text in Research Archive
• Degenhardt, Frauke; Ellinghaus, David; Juzenas, Simonas; Lerga-Jaso, Jon; Wendorff, Mareike & Maya-Miles, Douglas [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations. Human Molecular Genetics. ISSN 0964-6906. 31(23), p. 3945–3966. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac158. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended genome-wide association meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3255 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12 488 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a ∼0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism that creates two highly differentiated haplotypes and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative including non-Caucasian individuals, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung.

• Bouziotis, Jason; Arvanitakis, Marianna; Preiser, Jean-Charles; Abbas, Ali; Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann & Abdulkadir, Nurul Najmee [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Association of body mass index with COVID-19 related in-hospital death. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 41(12), p. 2924–2926. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.017. Full text in Research Archive
• Søvik, Signe; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Kåsine, Trine; Olasveengen, Theresa M.; Strand, Marianne Wigernes & Tveita, Anders Aune [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Corticosteroids and superinfections in COVID-19 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 85(1), p. 57–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.05.015. Full text in Research Archive
• Onken, Annette; Haanshuus, Christel Gill; Miraji, Mohammed Khamis; Marijani, Msafiri; Kibwana, Kibwana Omar & Abeid, Khamis Ali [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Malaria prevalence and performance of diagnostic tests among patients hospitalized with acute undifferentiated fever in Zanzibar. Malaria Journal. ISSN 1475-2875. 21:54(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04067-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann; Abe, Ryuzo; Abel, Laurent; Absil, Lara; Acker, Andrew & Adachi, Shingo [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). COVID‐19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study. Infection. ISSN 0300-8126. 49, p. 889–905. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01599-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann; Abe, Ryuzo; Abel, Laurent; Absil, Lara; Acharya, Subhash & Acker, Andrew [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Ten months of temporal variation in the clinical journey of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 10:e70970, p. 1–30. doi: 10.7554/eLife.70970. Full text in Research Archive
• Reyes, Luis Felipe; Murthy, Srinivas; Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Irvine, Mike; Merson, Laura & Martin-Loeches, Ignacio [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: a prospective, multinational, multicentre, observational study. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 8(1). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00552-2021. Full text in Research Archive
• Kåsine, Trine; Riise, Anne Margarita Dyrhol; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Olsen, Inge Christoffer & Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2021). Neutrophil count predicts outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Results from the NOR-Solidarity trial. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 291(2), p. 241–243. doi: 10.1111/joim.13377. Show summary

  Despite numerous studies on SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, we still lack markers for rapid disease progression with admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or respiratory failure(RF). Few studies have evaluated the prognostic value of routine diagnostic repertoire available at most hospitals. The NOR-Solidarity trial is an independent add-on study to the WHO Solidarity trial, evaluating hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)and remdesivir compared to standard of care in hospitalized COVID-19 patients [1]. We explored whether standard biomarkers in peripheral blood could give information on ICU admission and RFin hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

• Lind, Andreas; Barlinn, Regine; Landaas, Elisabeth Toverud; Andresen, Lise Lima; Jakobsen, Kirsti & Fladeby, Cathrine [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2021). Rapid SARS-CoV-2 variant monitoring using PCR confirmed by whole genome sequencing in a high-volume diagnostic laboratory. Journal of Clinical Virology. ISSN 1386-6532. 141. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104906. Full text in Research Archive
• Niemi, Mari E.K.; Karjalainen, Juha; Liao, Rachel G.; Neale, Benjamin M.; Daly, Mark & Ganna, Andrea [Show all 84 contributors for this article] (2021). Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 600(7889), p. 472–477. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.

• Lerum, Tøri Vigeland; Maltzahn, Niklas; Aukrust, Pål; Trøseid, Marius; Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina & Kåsine, Trine [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). Persistent pulmonary pathology after COVID-19 is associated with high viral load, weak antibody response, and high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 11, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02547-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The association between pulmonary sequelae and markers of disease severity, as well as pro-fibrotic mediators, were studied in 108 patients 3 months after hospital admission for COVID-19. The COPD assessment test (CAT-score), spirometry, diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLCO), and chest-CT were performed at 23 Norwegian hospitals included in the NOR-SOLIDARITY trial, an open-labelled, randomised clinical trial, investigating the efficacy of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Thirty-eight percent had a CAT-score ≥ 10. DLCO was below the lower limit of normal in 29.6%. Ground-glass opacities were present in 39.8% on chest-CT, parenchymal bands were found in 41.7%. At admission, low pO2/FiO2 ratio, ICU treatment, high viral load, and low antibody levels, were predictors of a poorer pulmonary outcome after 3 months. High levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 during hospitalisation and at 3 months were associated with persistent CT-findings. Except for a negative effect of remdesivir on CAT-score, we found no effect of remdesivir or HCQ on long-term pulmonary outcomes. Three months after hospital admission for COVID-19, a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms, reduced DLCO, and persistent CT-findings was observed. Low pO2/FiO2 ratio, ICU-admission, high viral load, low antibody levels, and high levels of MMP-9 were associated with a worse pulmonary outcome.

• Barratt-Due, Andreas; Olsen, Inge Christoffer; Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina; Kåsine, Trine; Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof & Hoel, Hedda Benedicte [Show all 43 contributors for this article] (2021). Evaluation of the Effects of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine on Viral Clearance in COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0003-4819. 174(9), p. 1261–1269. doi: 10.7326/M21-0653. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: New treatment modalities are urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) Solidarity trial showed no effect of remdesivir or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on mortality, but the antiviral effects of these drugs are not known. Objective: To evaluate the effects of remdesivir and HCQ on all-cause, in-hospital mortality; the degree of respiratory failure and inflammation; and viral clearance in the oropharynx. Design: NOR-Solidarity is an independent, add-on, randomized controlled trial to the WHO Solidarity trial that included biobanking and 3 months of clinical follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04321616). Setting: 23 hospitals in Norway. Patients: Eligible patients were adults hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intervention: Between 28 March and 4 October 2020, a total of 185 patients were randomly assigned and 181 were included in the full analysis set. Patients received remdesivir (n = 42), HCQ (n = 52), or standard of care (SoC) (n = 87). Measurements: In addition to the primary end point of WHO Solidarity, study-specific outcomes were viral clearance in oropharyngeal specimens, the degree of respiratory failure, and inflammatory variables. Results: No significant differences were seen between treatment groups in mortality during hospitalization. There was a marked decrease in SARS-CoV-2 load in the oropharynx during the first week overall, with similar decreases and 10-day viral loads among the remdesivir, HCQ, and SoC groups. Remdesivir and HCQ did not affect the degree of respiratory failure or inflammatory variables in plasma or serum. The lack of antiviral effect was not associated with symptom duration, level of viral load, degree of inflammation, or presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at hospital admittance. Limitation: The trial had no placebo group. Conclusion: Neither remdesivir nor HCQ affected viral clearance in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

• Nilsen, Mariann; Vikanes, Åse Vigdis; Umu, Özgün Candan Onarman; Løvgården, Gunilla; Müller, Fredrik & Melby, Kjetil K. (2020). Differences in composition of gut microbiota in women with and without hyperemesis gravidarum. Microbiota in Health and Disease. ISSN 2704-8845. 2. doi: 10.26355/mhd_20207_316.
• Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt; Holter, Jan Cato; Christensen, Erik; Schjalm, Camilla; Tonby, Kristian & Pischke, Soeren [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2020). Increased interleukin-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78710-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Ueland, Thor; Heggelund, Lars; Lind, Andreas; Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Tonby, Kristian & Michelsen, Annika [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2020). Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in patients with severe COVID-19. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 147(1), p. 92–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.007. Full text in Research Archive
• Holter, Jan Cato; Pischke, Soeren; de Boer, Eline; Lind, Andreas; Jenum, Synne & Holten, Aleksander Rygh [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2020). Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 117(40), p. 25018–25025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010540117. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoel, Hedda Benedicte; Heggelund, Lars; Reikvam, Dag Henrik; Stiksrud, Birgitte; Ueland, Thor & Michelsen, Annika [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). Elevated markers of gut leakage and inflammasome activation in COVID-19 patients with cardiac involvement. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. doi: 10.1111/joim.13178. Full text in Research Archive
• Taxt, Arne Michael; Grødeland, Gunnveig; Lind, Andreas & Müller, Fredrik (2020). Status for vaksineutvikling mot covid-19. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(13), p. 1–11. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0676.
• Hesstvedt, Liv; Gaustad, Peter; Müller, Fredrik; Andersen, Cecilie Torp; Brunborg, Cathrine & Mylvaganam, Haima [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2019). The impact of age on risk assessment, therapeutic practice and outcome in candidemia. Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2374-4235. 51(6), p. 425–434. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1595709.
• Nordøy, Ingvild; Hesstvedt, Liv; Andersen, Cecilie Torp; Mylvaganam, Haima; Kols, Nicola Isabelle & Falch, Birgit Margrethe [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). An Estimate of the Burden of Fungal Disease in Norway. Journal of fungi (JoF). ISSN 2309-608X. 4(1). doi: 10.3390/jof4010029. Full text in Research Archive
• Barlinn, Regine; Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen; Trogstad, Lill; Gibory, Moustafa; Müller, Fredrik & Magnus, Per [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Maternal and congenital cytomegalovirus infections in a population-based pregnancy cohort study. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 126(12), p. 899–906. doi: 10.1111/apm.12899.
• Knudsen, Per Kristian; Gammelsrud, Karianne Wiger; Alfsnes, Kristian; Steinbakk, Martin; Abrahamsen, Tore G & Müller, Fredrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Transfer of a bla CTX-M-1-carrying plasmid between different Escherichia coli strains within the human gut explored by whole genome sequencing analyses. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 8(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18659-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Knudsen, Per Kristian; Brandtzæg, Petter; Høiby, Ernst Arne; Bohlin, Jon; Samuelsen, Ørjan & Steinbakk, Martin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Impact of extensive antibiotic treatment on faecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in children in a low resistance prevalence setting. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12(11). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187618. Full text in Research Archive
• Smeland, Tom Eirik; Müller, Fredrik; Blomfeldt, Anita; Stavem, Knut & Aamot, Hege Vangstein (2017). No associations established between single nucleotide polymorphisms in human Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-interacting protein and Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 125(10), p. 927–932. doi: 10.1111/apm.12734.
• Stav-Noraas, Tor Espen; Edelmann, Reidunn Jetne; La Cour Poulsen, Lars; Sundnes, Olav; Phung, Danh & Kuchler, Axel Matthias [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Endothelial IL-33 expression is augmented by adenoviral activation of the DNA damage machinery. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 198(8), p. 3318–3325. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600054. Full text in Research Archive
• Holter, Jan Cato; Ueland, Thor; Jenum, Pål; Müller, Fredrik; Brunborg, Cathrine & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Risk factors for long-term mortality after hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia: a 5-year prospective follow-up study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11:e0148741(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148741. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Contributors to long-term mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remain unclear, with little attention paid to pneumonia etiology. We examined long-term survival, causes of death, and risk factors for long-term mortality in adult patients who had been hospitalized for CAP, with emphasis on demographic, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics. Methods Two hundred and sixty-seven consecutive patients admitted in 2008–2011 to a general hospital with CAP were prospectively recruited and followed up. Patients who died during hospital stay were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected within 48 hours of admission. Extensive microbiological work-up was performed to establish the etiology of CAP in 63% of patients. Mortality data were obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Cox regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. Results Of 259 hospital survivors of CAP (median age 66 years), 79 (30.5%) died over a median of 1,804 days (range 1–2,520 days). Cumulative 5-year survival rate was 72.9% (95% CI 67.4–78.4%). Standardized mortality ratio was 2.90 for men and 2.05 for women. The main causes of death were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vascular diseases, and malignancy. Independent risk factors for death were the following (hazard ratio, 95% CI): age (1.83 per decade, 1.47–2.28), cardiovascular disease (2.63, 1.61–4.32), COPD (2.09, 1.27–3.45), immunocompromization (1.98, 1.17–3.37), and low serum albumin level at admission (0.75 per 5g/L higher, 0.58–0.96), whereas active smoking was protective (0.32, 0.14–0.74); active smokers were younger than non-smokers (P < 0.001). Microbial etiology did not predict mortality. Conclusions Results largely confirm substantial comorbidity-related 5-year mortality after hospitalization for CAP and the impact of several well-known risk factors for death, and extend previous findings on the prognostic value of serum albumin level at hospital admission. Pneumonia etiology had no prognostic value, but this remains to be substantiated by further studies using extensive diagnostic microbiological methods in the identification of causative agents of CAP.

• Broch, Kaspar; Andreassen, Arne K.; Hopp, Einar; Leren, Trond Paul; Scott, Helge & Müller, Fredrik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Results of comprehensive diagnostic work-up in 'idiopathic' dilated cardiomyopathy. Open heart. ISSN 2053-3624. 2(1). doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000271. Show summary

  Objective Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterised by left ventricular dilation and dysfunction not caused by coronary disease, valvular disease or hypertension. Owing to the considerable aetiological and prognostic heterogeneity in DCM, an extensive diagnostic work-up is recommended. We aimed to assess the value of diagnostic testing beyond careful physical examination, blood tests, echocardiography and coronary angiography. Methods From October 2008 to November 2012, we prospectively recruited 102 patients referred to our tertiary care hospital with a diagnosis of ‘idiopathic’ DCM based on patient history, physical examination, routine blood tests, echocardiography and coronary angiography. Extended work-up included cardiac MRI, exercise testing, right-sided catheterisation with biopsies, 24 h ECG and genetic testing. Results In 15 patients (15%), a diagnosis other than ‘idiopathic’ DCM was made based on additional tests. In 10 patients (10%), a possibly disease-causing mutation was detected. 2 patients were found to have non-compaction cardiomyopathy based on MRI findings; 2 patients had systemic inflammatory disease with cardiac involvement; and in 1 patient, cardiac amyloidosis was diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. Only in 5 cases did the results of the extended work-up have direct therapeutic consequences. Conclusions In patients with DCM, in whom patient history and routine work-up carry no clues to the aetiology, the diagnostic and therapeutic yield of extensive additional testing is modest.

• Raastad, Ragnhild; Tvete, Ingunn Fride; Abrahamsen, Tore G; Berild, Dag; Leegaard, Truls Michael & Walberg, Mette [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). A worrying trend in weight-adjusted paediatric antibiotic use in a Norwegian tertiary care hospital. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 104(7), p. 687–692. doi: 10.1111/apa.12994. Show summary

  Aim The World Health Organization recommends the defined daily dose (DDD) as the standard unit of measurement for antibiotic use, but this is not applicable in children. We aimed to assess paediatric antibiotic use in a Norwegian tertiary care hospital using a novel weight-adjusted method. Methods We obtained antibiotic purchase data from the hospital pharmacy and administrative data for all admissions from 2002 to 2009 to the paediatric wards at Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet. Recommended daily doses per 100 kg days (RDDs/kg days) were calculated based on national guidelines for paediatric antibiotic use, length of stay and estimated weight for sex and age using national growth references. Results Total antibiotic use increased significantly from 51.8 to 65.5 RDDs/100 kg days. We found statistically significant annual increases in the consumption of carbapenems (18.0%), third-generation cephalosporins (6.0%) and imidazole derivatives (6.6%) and a considerable difference between total antibiotic use measured in RDDs/100 kg days and DDDs/100 bed days for neonates. Conclusion Weight-adjusted antibiotic use provided a more meaningful description of the quantities of antibiotics consumed than DDDs/100 bed days, particularly for neonates. Total antibiotic use, use of meropenem, third-generation cephalosporins and imidazole derivatives increased significantly despite low prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

• Holter, Jan Cato; Müller, Fredrik; Bjørang, Ola; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Marthinsen, Jon Bache & Jenum, Pål [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia and diagnostic yields of microbiological methods: a 3-year prospective study in Norway. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 15. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0803-5.
• Sulheim, Dag; Fagermoen, Frode Even; Winger, Anette; Andersen, Anders Mikal; Godang, Kristin & Müller, Fredrik [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2014). Disease Mechanisms and Clonidine Treatment in Adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Combined Cross-sectional and Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA pediatrics. ISSN 2168-6203. 168(4), p. 351–360. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4647. Full text in Research Archive
• Aldrin, Magne; Raastad, Ragnhild; Tvete, Ingunn Fride; Berild, Dag; Frigessi, Arnoldo & Leegaard, Truls Michael [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). Antibiotic resistance in hospitals: a ward-specific random effect model in a low antibiotic consumption environment. Statistics in Medicine. ISSN 0277-6715. 32(8), p. 1407–1418. doi: 10.1002/sim.5636. Show summary

  Association between previous antibiotic use and emergence of antibiotic resistance has been reported for several microorganisms. The relationship has been extensively studied, and although the causes of antibiotic resistance are multi-factorial, clear evidence of antibiotic use as a major risk factor exists. Most studies are carried out in countries with high consumption of antibiotics and corresponding high levels of antibiotic resistance, and currently, little is known whether and at what level the associations are detectable in a low antibiotic consumption environment. We conduct an ecological, retrospective study aimed at determining the impact of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three hospitals in Norway, a country with low levels of antibiotic use. We construct a sophisticated statistical model to capture such low signals. To reduce noise, we conduct our study at hospital ward level. We propose a random effect Poisson or binomial regression model, with a reparametrisation that allows us to reduce the number of parameters. Inference is likelihood based. Through scenario simulation, we study the potential effects of reduced or increased antibiotic use. Results clearly indicate that the effects of consumption on resistance are present under conditions with relatively low use of antibiotic agents. This strengthens the recommendation on prudent use of antibiotics, even when consumption is relatively low.

• Duri, Kerina; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan; Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul; Chirenje, Mike Zvavahera; Stray-Pedersen, Babill & Müller, Fredrik (2013). HIV-1 subtype C envelope (Env) region amino acid length polymorphism and glycosylation sites variation; correlations with markers of disease progression among 7 antiretroviral therapy naïve heterosexuals. International Journal of Microbiology Research. ISSN 0975-5276. 1, p. 048–051.
• Duri, Kerina; Stray-Pedersen, Babill & Müller, Fredrik (2013). HIV/AIDS: The Zimbabwean Situation and Trends. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. ISSN 1918-3003. 1(1), p. 15–22. doi: 10.12691/ajcmr-1-1-5.
• Blomfeldt, Anita; Aamot, Hege Vangstein; Eskesen, Arne N; Müller, Fredrik & Monecke, Stefan (2013). Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bacteremic Patients in a Norwegian University Hospital. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. ISSN 0095-1137. 51(1), p. 345–347. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02571-12.
• Duri, Kerina; Gumbo, Felicity Zvanyadza; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan; Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul; Munjoma, Marshall Wesley & Chirenje, Mike [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2012). Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Env gp120 Sequences Among Four Drug-Naive Families Following Subsequent Heterosexual and Vertical Transmissions. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. ISSN 0889-2229. 28(8), p. 885–893. doi: 10.1089/aid.2011.0217.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Ueland, Thor; Bjørnsen, Stine; Sagen, Ellen Lund; Dahl, Christen Peder & Naalsund, Anne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2012). Systemic biomarkers of inflammation and haemostasis in patients with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-144.
• Aamot, Hege Vangstein; Blomfeldt, Anita; Skråmm, Inge; Müller, Fredrik & Monecke, S. (2012). Molecular characterisation of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus from deep surgical site infections in orthopaedic patients. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0934-9723. 31(8), p. 1999–2004. doi: 10.1007/s10096-011-1532-3.
• Harboe, Morten; Garred, Peter; Lindstad, Julie Katrine; Pharo, Anne Margrethe; Müller, Fredrik & Stahl, Gregory L [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). The Role of Properdin in Zymosan- and Escherichia coli-Induced Complement Activation. Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0022-1767. 189(5), p. 2606–2613. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200269.
• Damås, Jan Kristian; Øktedalen, Olav; Ueland, Thor; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Barstad, Johannes & Müller, Fredrik [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2012). Enhanced levels of CCL19 in patients with advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 167(3), p. 492–498. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04524.x.
• Kaarbø, Mari; Ager-Wick, Eirill; Osenbroch, Pia Madeleine Øistad; Kilander, Anette; Skinnes, Ragnhild & Müller, Fredrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Human cytomegalovirus infection increases mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrion (Amsterdam. Print). ISSN 1567-7249. 11(6), p. 935–945. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.08.008.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Ager-Wick, Eirill; Halvorsen, Bente ; Müller, Fredrik & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2011). Toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) may be involved in the immunological response to Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro. Medical Mycology. ISSN 1369-3786. 49(4), p. 375–379. doi: 10.3109/13693786.2010.531772.
• Duri, Kerina; Soko, White; Gumbo, Felicity Zvanyadza; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan; Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul & Stray-Pedersen, Babill [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2011). Genotypic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 env V3 Loop Sequences: Bioinformatics Prediction of Coreceptor Usage Among 28 Infected Mother-Infant Pairs in a Drug-Naive Population. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. ISSN 0889-2229. 27(4), p. 411–419. doi: 10.1089/aid.2010.0142.
• Duri, Kerina; Müller, Fredrik; Gumbo, Felicity Zvanyadza; Kurewa, Nyaradzai Edith; Rusakaniko, Simba & Chirenje, Mike [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) types Western blot (WB) band profiles as potential surrogate markers of HIV disease progression and predictors of vertical transmission in a cohort of infected but antiretroviral therapy naïve pregnant women in Harare, Zimbabwe. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-7.
• Duri, Kerina; Soko, White; Gumbo, Felicity Zvanyadza; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan; Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul & Stray-Pedersen, Babill [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Genotypic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) env V3 Loop Sequences: Bioinformatics Prediction of Coreceptor Usage among 28 Infected Mother–Infant Pairs in a Drug-Naive Population. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. ISSN 0889-2229. 26(11). doi: 10.1089/aid.2010.0142.
• Duri, Kerina; Gumbo, Felicity Zvanyadza; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan; Kurewa, Nyaradzai Edith; Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul & Rusakaniko, S [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2010). Antenatal HIV-1 RNA load and timing of mother to child transmission; a nested case-control study in a resource poor setting. Virology Journal. ISSN 1743-422X. 7. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-176.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Ueland, Thor; Pedersen, Turid Margrethe; Halvorsen, Bente ; Muller, Fredrik & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Activation of Platelets by Aspergillus fumigatus and Potential Role of Platelets in the Immunopathogenesis of Aspergillosis. Infection and Immunity. ISSN 0019-9567. 78(3), p. 1269–1275. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01091-09.
• Rødland, Ernst Kristian; Mattingsdal, Morten; Olstad, Ole K.; Øvstebø, Reidun; Kierulf, Peter & Muller, Fredrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Expression of genes in normal human monocytes in response to Aspergillus fumigatus. Medical Mycology. ISSN 1369-3786. 46(4), p. 327–336. doi: 10.1080/13693780701874507. Show summary

  The objective of these studies was to investigate genes of importance in the pathogenesis of Aspergillus infections. To do so, we employed microarray methodology to explore gene expression in human monocytes infected with Aspergillus conidia as compared with unstimulated monocytes and those stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling through TOLL-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We found 997 (P≤0.05) differentially expressed (DE) genes in monocytes stimulated with conidia from Aspergillus fumigatus and 4976 (P≤0.05) DE genes in monocytes stimulated with LPS. A total of 454 genes were only regulated by A. fumigatus stimulation. Selected genes were verified with qRT-PCR. Our study revealed significant changes in the expression of a number of genes of potential importance in the interaction between Aspergillus conidia and monocytes, including immune response genes and genes involved in apoptosis and initiation of Th1 response. Several of these changes in gene expression were unique to Aspergillus conidia and were not seen with LPS stimulation. These results do not support a role for TLR4 in the response to conidia. Further studies of genes regulated only by Aspergillus conidia may be of interest in the exploration of the pathogenesis of Aspergillus infections in man.

• Nyombi, Balthazar M; Kristiansen, Knut I; Bjune, Gunnar; Muller, Fredrik & Holm-Hansen, Carol (2008). Diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. ISSN 0889-2229. 24(6), p. 761–769. doi: 10.1089/aid.2007.0311.
• Nyombi, Balthazar M; Nkya, Watoky; Barongo, Longin; Bjune, Gunnar; Kristiansen, Knut I & Muller, Fredrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 serotypes in northern Tanzania: a retrospective study. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. 116(6), p. 507–514. doi: 10.1089/088922200415054.
• Nyombi, Balthazar; Holm-Hansen, Carol ; Kristiansen, Knut I; Bjune, Gunnar & Müller, Fredrik (2008). Prevalence of reverse transcriptase and protease mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance among drug-naïve HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania. AIDS research and therapy. ISSN 1742-6405. 5. doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-5-13.
• Nyombi, Balthazar Melchior; Holm-Hansen, Carol; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan; Bjune, Gunnar Aksel & Muller, Fredrik (2008). Prevalence of reverse transcriptase and protease mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance among drug-naive HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania. AIDS research and therapy. ISSN 1742-6405. 5(13).
• Dyroy, E; Dyrøy, Endre; Rost, TH; Røst, Therese Halvorsen ; Pettersen, Reidar J. & Halvorsen, Bente [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2007). Tetradecylselenoacetic acid, a PPAR ligand with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. ISSN 1079-5642. 27, p. 628–634. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000255950.70774.d5. Show summary

  Muna: Inst indremed, UiB./tøf

• Fevang, Børre; Yndestad, Arne; Sandberg, Wiggo Johan; Holm, Are Martin; Muller, Fredrik & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2007). Low numbers of regulatory T cells in common variable immunodeficiency: association with chronic inflammation in vivo. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 147. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03314.x.
• Thilesen, CM; Nicolaidis, M; Lokebo, JE; Falsen, E; Jorde, Anne Tomine & Muller, Fredrik (2007). Leptotrichia amnionii, an emerging pathogen of the female urogenital tract. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. ISSN 0095-1137. 45. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00167-07.
• Holm, Are Martin; Tjønnfjord, Geir Erland; Yndestad, Arne; Beiske, Klaus; Muller, Fredrik & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2006). Polyclonal expansion of large granular lymphocytes in common variable immunodeficiency - association with neutropenia. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 144, p. 418–424.
• Sandberg, Wiggo Johan; Yndestad, Arne; Øie, Erik; Smith, Camilla; Ueland, Thor & Ovchinnikova, Olga [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2006). Enhanced T-cell expression of RANK ligand in acute coronary syndrome - Possible role in plaque destabilization. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. ISSN 1079-5642. 26.
• Hjelmesæth, Jøran; Åsberg, Anders; Muller, Fredrik; Hartmann, Anders & Jenssen, Trond (2005). New-onset posttransplant diabetes mellitus: Insulin resistance or insulinopenia? - Impact of immunosuppressive drugs, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis C virus infection. Current diabetes reviews. ISSN 1573-3998. 1(1), p. 1–10.
• Halvorsen, Bente ; Wæhre, Torgun; Schulz, Hanne; Clausen, Ole Petter; Von der Thusen, JH & Muller, Fredrik [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2005). Interleukin-10 enhances the oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation of macrophages by antiapoptotic mechanisms. Journal of Lipid Research. ISSN 0022-2275. 46.
• Aukrust, Pål; Luna, Luisa; Ueland, Thor; Johansen, Rune Forstrøm; Muller, Fredrik & Frøland, Stig Sophus [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2005). Impaired base excision repair and accumulation of oxidative base lesions in CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected patients. Blood. ISSN 0006-4971. 105.
• Heggelund, L; Mollnes, TE; Espevik, Terje; Muller, F; Kristiansen, KI & Aukrust, P [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2005). Modulatory effect of mannose-binding lectin on cytokine responses: roles in HIV infection. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 35, p. 765–770.
• Heggelund, Lars; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Espevik, Terje; Muller, Fredrik; Kristiansen, Knut Ivan & Aukrust, Pål [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2005). Modulatory effect of mannose-binding lectin on cytokine responses: possible roles in HIV infection. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 35, p. 765–770. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01579.
• Holm, Are Martin; Aukrust, Pål; Damås, Jan Kristian; Muller, Fredrik; Halvorsen, Bente & Frøland, Stig Sophus (2005). Abnormal interleukin-7 function in common variable immunodeficiency. Blood. ISSN 0006-4971. 105(7), p. 2887–2890.
• Hjelmesæth, Jøran; Muller, Fredrik; Jenssen, Trond; Rollag, Halvor; Sagedal, Solbjørg & Hartmann, Anders (2005). Is there a link between cytomegalovirus infection and new-onset posttransplantation diabetes mellitus? Potential mechanisms of virus induced beta-cell damage. Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. ISSN 0931-0509. 20, p. 2311–2315.
• Heggelund, L; Mollnes, TE; Espevik, Terje; Muller, F; Kristiansen, KI & Aukrust, P [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2005). Modulatory effect of mannose-binding lectin on cytokine resposes: possible roles in HIV infection. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 35(12), p. 765–770.
• Heggelund, L; Damås, Jan Kristian; Damas, JK; Yndestad, A; Holm, AM & Muller, F [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2004). Stimulation of toll-like receptor 2 in mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients induces chemokine responses: possible pathogenic consequences. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0009-9104. 138(1), p. 116–121.
• Heggelund, L; Muller, F; Lien, E; Yndestad, A; Ueland, T & Kristiansen, KI [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2004). Increased expression of Toll-like receptor 2 on monocytes in HIV infection: Possible roles in inflammation and viral replication. Clinical Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1058-4838. 39, p. 264–269.
• Aukrust, Pål; Aukrust, Pål; Wergedahl, H; Muller, Fredrik; Muller, H & Ueland, Thor [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2003). Immunomodulating effects of 3-thia fatty acids in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. ISSN 0014-2972. 33, p. 426–433.

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• Rollag, Halvor; Müller, Fredrik & Tonjum, Tone (2019). Medisinsk mikrobiologi. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISBN 9788205500983. 516 p.

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• Tran, Trung; Vaage, Eline Benno; Mehta, Adi; Chopra, Adity; Tietze, Lisa & Kolderup, Heidi Anette [Show all 40 contributors for this article] (2023). Author Correction: Titers of antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 correlate with levels of neutralizing antibodies to multiple variants (npj Vaccines, (2022), 7, 1, (174), 10.1038/s41541-022-00586-7). npj Vaccines. ISSN 2059-0105. 8(1). doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00600-6.
• Gregersen, Ida; Ueland, Thor; Holter, Jan Cato; Olsen, Maria Belland; Michelsen, Annika Elisabet & Murphy, Sarah L [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2022). CXCL16 associates with adverse outcome and cardiac involvement in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 85(6), p. 735–738. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.09.029.
• Abbas, Ali; Abdukahil, Sheryll Ann; Abdulkadir, Nurul Najmee; Holter, Jan Cato; Müller, Fredrik & Dudman, Susanne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1473-3099. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00565-X.
• Landaas, Elisabeth Toverud; Taxt, Arne Michael; Lind, Andreas & Müller, Fredrik (2021). Koronapandemien – erfaringer fra et mikrobiologisk laboratorium. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 141(18). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0643.
• Aaløkken, Trond M; Parkar, Anagha P; Markussen, Tom-Vegard; Ashraf, Haseem; Mynarek, Georg & Nes, Harald [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Diagnostic imaging of COVID-19 patients. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(8). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0332.
• Aaløkken, Trond M; Parkar, Anagha P; Markussen, Tom-Vegard; Ashraf, Haseem; Mynarek, Georg & Nes, Harald [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Bildediagnostikk av pasienter med covid-19. www.tidsskriftet.no. 140(8). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0332.
• Ulvestad, Elling; Kommedal, Øyvind; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Müller, Fredrik; Leegaard, Truls Michael & Löhr, Iren Høyland [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Norges mikrobiologiske utbruddsberedskap er truet. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 140(11), p. 1096–1097. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0451.
• Müller, Fredrik; Leegaard, Truls Michael; Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Løhr, Iren H; Nordbø, Svein Arne & Kommedal, Øyvind [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Nye signaler om koronatester. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten.
• Simonsen, Gunnar Skov; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Leegaard, Truls Michael; Ulvestad, Elling & Müller, Fredrik (2020). Svært viktig at fagmiljøer har fleksibilitet og ressurser til testing av koronavirus . [Newspaper]. Aftenposten.
• Müller, Fredrik (2017). Antibiotikaresistens - vår tids største helsetrussel?
• Melby, Kjetil K.; Vikanes, Åse Vigdis; Nilsen, Mariann & Müller, Fredrik (2015). Hyperemesis grvidarum and Helicobacter pylori. .
• Rollag, Halvor; Holter, Ellen & Müller, Fredrik (2015). Re: Hørselstap hos barn i Østfold 2000 - 09. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 135(6). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0262.
• Harboe, Morten; Gaffed, Peter; Lindstad, Julie Katrine; Pharo, Anne Margrethe; Müller, Fredrik & Stahl, Gregory L [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2012). The role of properdin in zymosan- and Escherichia coli-induced complement activation. Immunobiology. ISSN 0171-2985. 217(11), p. 1212–1212. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.237.
• Tvete, Ingunn Fride; Raastad, Ragnhild; Berild, Dag; Müller, Fredrik; Leegaard, Truls & Aldrin, Magne [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Analyses of antibiotic consumption and resistance in hospitals.
• Duri, Kerina; Müller, Fredrik; Gumbo, Felicity Zvanyadza; Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul; Chirenje, Mike Zvavahera & Stray-Pedersen, Babill (2010). HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) TYPES WESTERN BLOT PROFILES AS SURROGATE MARKERS OF HIV DISEASE PROGRESSION. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. ISSN 0002-9637. 83(5), p. 365–366.
• Røst, Therese Halvorsen ; Dyrøy, Endre; Pettersen, Reidar J.; Halvorsen, Bente ; Gudbrandsen, Oddrun Anita & Ueland, Thor [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2006). The Antioxidant,Anti-inflammatory and Hypolipidemic Properties of a Seleno-substituted Fatty Acid. Show summary

  Background/aim: Tetradecylselenoacetic acid (TSA) is a modified fatty acid with a selenium atom inserted in the third position of the carbon backbone. A related modified fatty acid, the sulphur-substituted Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), has been extensively studied by our group and has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects. Previous in vitro studies have however suggested that TSA is a stronger antioxidant than TTA. Based on this, we wanted to study the effects of TSA on oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid metabolism, which are all factors associated with atherosclerotic disorders. Methods: Plasma LDL particles were isolated from healthy humans, and oxidative modification was assessed after pre-incubation with TSA for 1 hour. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from fasted healthy humans and cultured with TSA for 20 hours before measurement of cytokines. In vivo studies were performed on male Wistar rats treated with TSA for 4 days. Gene expression and enzyme activities were analysed in liver, while lipid levels were measured in plasma. Results: TSA delayed both the onset of copper induced LDL oxidation and the oxidative modification of isolated human LDL particles after copper- or azo-compounds-initiated oxidation. The release of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 was inhibited, while the release of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased in PBMC treated with TSA, suggesting anti-inflammatory net effects. TSA also enhanced the hepatic gene expression of superoxide dismutase, which protects against superoxide anion production, in Wistar rats. Additionally, the fatty acid β-oxidation was increased in the liver of these rats, accompanied by reduced triacylglycerol level in plasma. Conclusion: Based on the combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties, TSA could be an interesting therapeutic approach to atherosclerotic disorders.

• Berdal, Jan Erik; Bukholm, Geir; Jonassen, Christine M & Müller, Fredrik (2012). Airway colonization pathogenesis and prognosis in mechanically ventilated patients. Unipub forlag. ISSN 978-82-8264-356-6. 2012(1323).
• Jenum, Pål A.; Müller, Fredrik; Tveten, Yngvar; Lassen, Jørgen & Sandven, Per (2006). Kvalitetssikring i bakteriologi. Strategimøte 2006. Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt, Divisjon for smittevern. ISSN 978-82-8082-195-9. Full text in Research Archive

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