Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen

• Färdig, Martin; Hoyer, Angela; Almqvist, Catarina; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup & Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2024). Infant lung function and early skin barrier impairment in the development of asthma at age 3 years. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. doi: 10.1111/all.16024.
• Landaas, Vibeke Østberg; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Størdal, Ketil & Håland, Geir (2023). Home-Based Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Challenges for Diagnosis of Delayed Gluten/Milk Hypersensitivity in Children. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. ISSN 2213-2198. 12(3), p. 652–659. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.12.032.
• Nilsen, Morten; Nygaard, Unni Cecilie; Brodin, Petter; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Fredheim, Cecilie & Haugen, Guttorm Nils [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2023). Gut bacteria at 6 months of age are associated with immune cell status in 1-year-old children. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0300-9475. doi: 10.1111/sji.13346. Full text in Research Archive
• Wendel, Kristina; Rossholt, Madelaine Eloranta; Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn; Aas, Marlen Fossan; Westvik, Asbjørn & Pripp, Are Hugo [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Lung function in preterm infants at 3 months corrected age after neonatal LC-PUFA supplementation. Pediatric Pulmonology. ISSN 8755-6863. 59(2), p. 389–398. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26760. Full text in Research Archive
• Färdig, Martin; Lie, Anine; Borres, Magnus P.; Ekenkrantz, Tina; Granum, Berit & Haugen, Guttorm Nils [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels in early childhood and association with preschool asthma – A prospective observational study. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 53(11), p. 1198–1211. doi: 10.1111/cea.14409. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsen, Morten; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Haugen, Guttorm Nils; Hedlin, Gunilla & Jonassen, Christine M [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). A Globally Distributed Bacteroides caccae Strain Is the Most Prevalent Mother-Child Shared Bacteroidaceae Strain in a Large Scandinavian Cohort. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. 89(7), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1128/aem.00789-23. Full text in Research Archive
• Despriee, Åshild; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Glavin, Kari; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Magi, Caroline Aleksi Olsson & Söderhäll, Cilla [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Infant colic and abdominal pain; associations with infant multimorbidity and maternal perceived stress up to 3 months postpartum—A cross-sectional/cohort study in the PreventADALL study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 32(19-20), p. 7605–7617. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16825. Full text in Research Archive
• Saunders, Carina Madelen; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Jonassen, Christine M; Leblanc, Marissa Erin & Nordlund, Bjørn Kristian [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Feeding Practices and Dietary Diversity in the First Year of Life: PreventADALL, a Scandinavian Randomized Controlled Trial and Birth Cohort Study. Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0022-3166. 153(8), p. 2463–2471. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.015. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoel, Sveinung Torsteinsen; Wiik, Johanna; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Endre, Kim Magnus Advocaat; Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin & Haugen, Guttorm Nils [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2023). Birth mode is associated with development of atopic dermatitis in infancy and early childhood. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global (JACI: Global). ISSN 2772-8293. 2(3). doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100104. Full text in Research Archive
• Bousquet, J.; Melén, E.; Haahtela, T.; Koppelman, G.H.; Togias, A. & Valenta, R. [Show all 250 contributors for this article] (2023). Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. doi: 10.1111/all.15679.
• Hilde, Katarina; Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Färdig, Martin & Jonassen, Christine M [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Third trimester fetal lung volume, thoracic circumference, and early infant lung function. Pediatric Pulmonology. ISSN 8755-6863. 58(7), p. 2050–2058. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26431. Full text in Research Archive
• Hilde, Katarina; Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Färdig, Martin; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup & Jonassen, Christine M [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2023). Fetal pulmonary artery Doppler blood flow velocity measures and early infant lung function. A prospective cohort study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. ISSN 1476-7058. 36(1). doi: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2213796. Full text in Research Archive
• Rapin, Alexis; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Macowan, Matthew; Pattaroni, Céline; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup & Harris, Nicola L. [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). The skin microbiome in the first year of life and its association with atopic dermatitis. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 78(7), p. 1949–1063. doi: 10.1111/all.15671. Full text in Research Archive
• Wiik, Johanna; Værnesbranden, Caren Magdalena Rydland; Jonassen, Christine M; Staff, Anne Cathrine; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup & Granum, Berit [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2023). Maternal human papillomavirus infection during pregnancy and preterm delivery: A mother–child cohort study in Norway and Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6349. 102(3), p. 344–354. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14509. Full text in Research Archive
• Färdig, Martin; Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin; Hoyer, Angela; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Almqvist, Catarina & Jonassen, Christine Genevieve Monceyron [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2023). Skin Barrier Function and Infant Tidal Flow-Volume Loops—A Population-Based Observational Study. Children. ISSN 2227-9067. 10(1). doi: 10.3390/children10010088. Full text in Research Archive
• Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Vist, Gunn Elisabeth; Becher, Rune; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian; Ørjasæter Elvsaas, Ida-Kristin & Underland, Vigdis [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Use of Swedish smokeless tobacco during pregnancy: a systematic review of pregnancy and early life health risk. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140. doi: 10.1111/add.16114. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and Aims: Smokeless tobacco is a heterogeneous product group with diverse composition and prevalence globally. Tobacco use during pregnancy is concerning due to the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and effects on child health. Nicotine may mediate several of these effects. This systematic review measured health outcomes from Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) use during pregnancy. Method: Literature search was conducted by an information specialist in May 2022. We included human studies of snus use during pregnancy compared with no tobacco use, assessed risk of bias, conducted a meta-analysis and assessed confidence in effectestimates using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE). Results: We included 18 cohort studies (42 to 1 006 398 participants). Snus use during pregnancy probably (moderate confidence in risk estimates) increase the risk of neonatal apnea, adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval [aOR (95% CI)] 1.96 (1.30 to 2.96). Snus use during pregnancy possibly (low confidence in risk estimates) increase the risk of stillbirths aOR 1.43 (1.02 to 1.99), extremely premature births aOR 1.69 (1.17 to 2.45), moderately premature birth aOR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.38), SGA aOR 1.26 (1.09 to 1.46), reduced birth weight mean difference of 72.47 g (110.58 g to 34.35 g reduction) and oral cleft malformations aOR 1.48 (1.00 to 2.21). It is uncertain (low confidence in risk estimates, CI crossing 1) whether snus use during pregnancy affects risk of preeclampsia aOR 1.11 (0.97 to 1.28), antenatal bleeding aOR 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) and very premature birth aOR 1.26 (0.95 to 1.66). Risk of early neonatal mortality and altered heart rate variability is uncertain, very low confidence. Snus using mothers had increased prevalence of caesarean sections, low confidence. Conclusions: This systematic review reveals that use of smokeless tobacco (snus) during pregnancy may adversely impact the developing child.

• Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin; Färdig, Martin; Amnö, Erik; Jonassen, Christine M & Nordlund, Björn [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Infant lung function: criteria for selecting tidal flow–volume loops. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 8(4). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00165-2022. Full text in Research Archive
• Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin; Carlsen, Oda Cecilie; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Färdig, Martin; Haugen, Guttorm Nils & Jonassen, Christine M [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Infant lung function and maternal physical activity in the first half of pregnancy. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 8(4). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00172-2022. Full text in Research Archive
• Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin; Hilde, Katarina; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Färdig, Martin; Haugen, Guttorm Nils & Leblanc, Marissa Erin [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Fetal thoracic circumference in mid-pregnancy and infant lung function. Pediatric Pulmonology. ISSN 8755-6863. 58(1), p. 35–45. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26153. Full text in Research Archive
• Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Färdig, Martin; Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna Katrin; Almqvist, Catarina; Hedlin, Gunilla & Nordhagen, Live Solveig [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2022). Infant tidal flow–volume parameters and arousal state. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 8:00163-2022(4), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00163-2022. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Infant lung function can be assessed with tidal flow–volume (TFV) loops. While TFV loops can be measured in both awake and sleeping infants, the influence of arousal state in early infancy is not established. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TFV loop parameters in healthy infants differed while awake compared to the sleeping state at 3 months of age. Methods From the population-based Scandinavian Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in children (PreventADALL) birth cohort, 91 infants had reproducible TFV loops measured with Exhalyzer® D in both the awake and sleeping state at 3 months of age. The TFV loops were manually selected according to a standardised procedure. The ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow (tPTEF) to expiratory time (tE) and the corresponding volume ratio (VPTEF/VE), as well as tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate were compared using nonparametric tests. Results The mean (95% CI) tPTEF/tE was significantly higher while awake compared to the sleeping state: 0.39 (0.37–0.41) versus 0.28 (0.27–0.29); with the corresponding VPTEF/VE of 0.38 (0.36–0.40) versus 0.29 (0.28–0.30). The VT was similar, while the respiratory rate was higher while awake compared to the sleeping state: 53 (51–56) breaths·min−1 versus 38 (36–40) breaths·min−1. Conclusion Higher tPTEF/tE, VPTEF/VE and respiratory rate, but similar VT while awake compared to the sleeping state suggests that separate normative TFV loop values according to arousal state may be required in early infancy.

• Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Lie, Anine; Vettukattil, Muhammad Riyas; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Leblanc, Marissa Erin & Asarnoj, Anna [Show all 29 contributors for this article] (2022). Early food intervention and skin emollients to prevent food allergy in young children (PreventADALL): a factorial, multicentre, cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 399(10344), p. 2398–2411. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00687-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Primary prevention of food allergy by early introduction of allergenic foods seems promising. We aimed to determine whether early food introduction or the application of regular skin emollients in infants from a general population reduced the risk of food allergy. Methods: This 2 × 2 factorial, cluster-randomised trial was done at Oslo University Hospital and Østfold Hospital Trust, Oslo, Norway, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Infants of women recruited antenatally at the routine 18-week ultrasound examination were cluster-randomised at birth to the following groups: (1) no intervention group; (2) the skin intervention group (skin emollients; bath additives and facial cream; from age 2 weeks to

• Nordhagen, Live Solveig; Løfsgaard, Vibeke; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Glavin, Kari; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Monica Hauger [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2022). Maternal food-avoidance diets and dietary supplements during breastfeeding. Nursing Open. ISSN 2054-1058. 10(1), p. 230–240. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1298. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims To identify maternal food-avoidance diets and dietary supplement use during breastfeeding, and to explore factors associated with food avoidance diets. Design A prospective mother–child birth cohort study. Methods Electronic questionnaires were answered by 1,462 breastfeeding mothers 6 months postpartum in the Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in Children (PreventADALL) study from 2014–2016. Demographic and antenatal factors were analysed for associations with food avoidance diets in 1,368 women by multiple logistic regression. Results Overall, 289 breastfeeding women (19.8%) avoided at least one food item in their diet, most commonly cow's milk in 99 women (6.8%). Foods were most often avoided due to conditions in the child, maternal factors or lifestyle choice. The odds for food avoidance diets were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.4) for food allergy (presumed or diagnosed) and 19.4 (5.4, 70.1) for celiac disease in the mother. Dietary supplements were reported by nearly 80%, most commonly cod liver oil.

• Kordt Sundet, Birgitte; Kreyberg, Ina; Staff, Anne Cathrine; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby & Berg, Jens Petter [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2022). The effect of nicotine-containing products and fetal sex on placenta-associated circulating midpregnancy biomarkers. Biology of Sex Differences. ISSN 2042-6410. 13(1). doi: 10.1186/s13293-022-00443-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In utero exposure to nicotine, largely assessed by smoking, is a risk factor for impaired offspring health, while potential effects of non-combustible nicotine use such as snus (oral moist tobacco), are less well-known. Maternal serum concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) may be viewed as “placenta health markers”, known to differ by fetal sex. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with lower levels of circulating sFlt-1, while the effect of snus on placenta-associated angiogenic factors is unknown. Our aim was to explore if snus and/or smoking exposure was associated with midpregnancy maternal levels of sFlt-1, PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio if these associations were modified by fetal sex. Methods Midpregnancy (16–22 gestational weeks) serum from 2603 Scandinavian women enrolled in the population-based multi-center PreventADALL (Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in children) study was analysed for sFlt-1 and PlGF concentrations by electrochemiluminescence, deriving the sFlt-1/PGF ratio. Nicotine use was assessed by electronic questionnaires at enrollment in 2278 of the women. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models on log transformed outcomes were used to assess the association between nicotine use and biomarker levels. Interaction terms were included to identify whether the associations were modified by fetal sex. Results Median sFlt-1, PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratios among women with nicotine exposure information were similar to those of all included women and differed by fetal sex. Current snus use was significantly associated with reduced maternal circulating PlGF levels in adjusted analyses [β − 0.12, (95% CI − 0.20; 0.00) compared to never use, p = 0.020]. A significant interaction between fetal sex and snus exposure was observed for PIGF (p = 0.031). Prior or periconceptional snus use was significantly associated with PIGF in male fetus pregnancies [β − 0.05 (95% CI − 0.09 to (− 0.02)) and β − 0.07 (95% CI − 0.12 to (− 0.02)) compared to never use, p = 0.002]. Smoking was not significantly associated with any circulating biomarkers levels. Conclusions Midpregnancy maternal angiogenic profile differed by periconceptional snus use and fetal sex. Snus exposure, perceived as “safe” by users, before or during pregnancy seems to affect midpregnancy placental health in a sex dimorphic manner.

• Mägi, Caroline-Aleksi Olsson; Despriee, Åshild W.; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Almqvist, Catarina; Bahram, Fuad & Bakkeheim, Egil [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2022). Maternal Stress, Early Life Factors and Infant Salivary Cortisol Levels. Children. ISSN 2227-9067. 9(5). doi: 10.3390/children9050623. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Salivary cortisol (SC), a commonly used biomarker for stress, may be disrupted by negative events in pregnancy, at birth and in infancy. We aimed to explore if maternal perceived stress (PSS) in or after pregnancy and SC levels in pregnancy were associated with SC in early infancy, and, secondly, to identify early life factors associated with infants' SC levels (iSC). Methods: At 3 months of age, SC was analyzed in 1057 infants participating in a Nordic prospective mother-child birth cohort study. Maternal PSS was available from questionnaires at 18- and 34-week gestational age (GA) and 3-month post-partum, and SC was analyzed at 18-week GA. Early life factors included sociodemographic and infant feeding from questionnaires, and birth data from medical charts. Associations to iSC were analyzed by Spearman correlation and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: In this exploratory study neither PSS at any time point nor maternal SC (mSC) were associated with iSC. Higher birth weight was associated with higher levels of iSC, while inverse associations were observed in infants to a mother not living with a partner and mixed bottle/breastfeeding. Conclusions: Maternal stress was not associated with iSC levels, while birth weight, single motherhood and infant feeding may influence iSC levels. Keywords: PreventADALL; infant; perceived stress; salivary cortisol. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

• Lie, Anine; Wärnberg Gerdin, Sabina; Skrindo, Ingebjørg; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Jonassen, Christine M & LeBlanc, Marissa Erin [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Evaluation of Skin Prick Test Reading Time at 10 versus 15 min in Young Infants. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 1018-2438. 183(8), p. 824–834. doi: 10.1159/000522526. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsen, Morten; Lokmic, Asima; Angell, Inga Leena; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Haugen, Guttorm Nils [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Fecal Microbiota Nutrient Utilization Potential Suggests Mucins as Drivers for Initial Gut Colonization of Mother-Child-Shared Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02201-20.
• Lokmic, Asima; Angell, Inga Leena; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Haugen, Guttorm Nils & Hedlin, Gunilla [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2021). Fecal Microbiota Nutrient Utilization Potential Suggests Mucins as Drivers for Initial Gut Colonization of Mother-Child-Shared Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02201-20.
• Bousquet, Jean; Pfaar, Oliver; Agache, Ioana; Bedbrook, Anna; Akdis, CA & Canonica, G. Walter [Show all 178 contributors for this article] (2021). ARIA-EAACI care pathways for allergen immunotherapy in respiratory allergy. Clinical and Translational Allergy. ISSN 2045-7022. 11(4), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1002/clt2.12014. Full text in Research Archive
• Endre, Kim Magnus Advocaat; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; LeBlanc, Marissa Erin; Gjersvik, Petter; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup & Haugen, Guttorm Nils [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Eczema distribution in girls and boys during infancy: A cohort study on atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. ISSN 2213-2198. 9(9), p. 3513–3516. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.053. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoyer, A.; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Färdig, Martin; Asad, Samina; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup & Endre, Kim Magnus Advocaat [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2021). Filaggrin mutations in relation to skin barrier and atopic dermatitis in early infancy. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1111/bjd.20831. Full text in Research Archive
• Kelleher, Maeve M; Cro, Suzie; Cornelius, Victoria; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Skjerven, Håvard Ove & Rehbinder, Eva Maria [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2021). Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ISSN 1469-493X. 2021(2). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013534.pub3.
• Værnesbranden, Caren Magdalena Rydland; Wiik, Johanna; Sjøborg, Katrine Dønvold; Staff, Anne Cathrine; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup & Haugen, Guttorm Nils [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2021). Maternal human papillomavirus infections at mid-pregnancy and delivery in a Scandinavian mother–child cohort study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1201-9712. 108, p. 574–581. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.064. Full text in Research Archive
• Wärnberg Gerdin, Sabina; Lie, Anine; Asarnoj, Anna; Borres, Magnus P.; Lødrup Carlsen, Karin C. & Färdig, Martin [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Impaired skin barrier and allergic sensitization in early infancy. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. doi: 10.1111/all.15170.
• Despriee, Åshild; Mägi, Caroline-Aleksi Olsson; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Glavin, Kari; Nordhagen, Live Solveig & Jonassen, Christine M [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Prevalence and perinatal risk factors of parent-reported colic, abdominal pain and other pain or discomforts in infants until 3 months of age - A prospective cohort study in PreventADALL. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. p. 1–14. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16097. Full text in Research Archive
• Hilde, Katarina; Carlsen, Karin Cecilie Lødrup; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Gudmundsdóttir, Hrefna Katrín; Jonassen, Christine M & Kreyberg, Ina [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Fetal Thoracic Circumference and Lung Volume and Their Relation to Fetal Size and Pulmonary Artery Blood Flow. Journal of ultrasound in medicine. ISSN 0278-4297. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1002/jum.15785. Full text in Research Archive
• Carlsen, Oda Cecilie; Gudmundsdóttir, Hrefna Katrín; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). Physical activity in pregnancy: a Norwegian-Swedish mother-child birth cohort study. AJOG Global Reports. 1(1). doi: 10.1016/j.xagr.2020.100002. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsen, Morten; Lokmic, Asima; Angell, Inga Leena; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Haugen, Guttorm [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Fecal Microbiota Nutrient Utilization Potential Suggests Mucins as Drivers for Initial Gut Colonization of Mother-Child-Shared Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ISSN 0099-2240. 87(6). doi: 10.1128/AEM.02201-20.
• Tedner, Sandra G.; Söderhäll, Cilla; Konradsen, Jon R.; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Borres, Magnus P. & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2021). Extract and molecular-based early infant sensitization and associated factors—A PreventADALL study. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. doi: 10.1111/all.14805. Full text in Research Archive
• Endre, Kim Magnus Advocaat; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; LeBlanc, Marissa Erin; Gjersvik, Petter; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Haugen, Guttorm [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Diagnosing atopic dermatitis in infancy using established diagnostic criteria: a cohort study. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. 186(6), p. 50–58. doi: 10.1111/bjd.19831. Full text in Research Archive
• Kelleher, Maeve M.; Cro, Suzie; Van Vogt, Eleanor; Cornelius, Victoria; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Skjerven, Håvard Ove [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2021). Skincare interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy: A cochrane systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 51(3), p. 402–418. doi: 10.1111/cea.13847.
• Xu, Cheng-Jian; Gruzieva, Olena; Qi, Cancan; Esplugues, Ana; Gehring, Ulrike & Bergström, Anna [Show all 45 contributors for this article] (2020). Shared DNA methylation signatures in childhood allergy: The MeDALL study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 147(3), p. 1031–1040. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.044.
• Bousquet, Jean; Antó, Josep; Bachert, Claus; Haahtela, Tari; Zuberbier, Torsten & Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2020). ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 76, p. 168–190. doi: 10.1111/all.14422.
• Bousquet, Jean; Cristol, Jean-Paul; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Antó, Josep M.; Martineau, Adrian R & Haahtela, Tari [Show all 29 contributors for this article] (2020). Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies . Clinical and Translational Allergy. ISSN 2045-7022. 10(58). doi: 10.1186/s13601-020-00362-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Hilde, Katarina; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Haugen, Guttorm (2020). Doppler measures of blood flow in right and left branches of the fetal pulmonary artery. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. ISSN 1476-7058. p. 1–5. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1807509. Full text in Research Archive
• Bédard, Annabelle; Antó, Josep M.; Fonseca, Joao; Arnavielhe, Sylvie; Bachert, Claus & Bedbrook, Anna [Show all 36 contributors for this article] (2020). Correlation between work impairment, scores of rhinitis severity and asthma using the MASK-air ® App . Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 75(7), p. 1672–1688. doi: 10.1111/all.14204.
• Magi, Caroline-Aleksi Olsson; Backlund, Anders Bjerg; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Almqvist, Catarina; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Granum, Berit [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2020). Allergic disease and risk of stress in pregnant women: a PreventADALL study. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 6(4), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00175-2020. Full text in Research Archive
• Liu, Norrice M.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Cunningham, Steve; Fenu, Grazia; Fleming, Louise J. & Gappa, Monika [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). First analysis of the Severe Paediatric Asthma Collaborative in Europe registry . European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 6(4), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00566-2020. Full text in Research Archive
• Hunderi, Jon Olav; Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Holst, René; Bakkeheim, Egil & Berents, Teresa Løvold [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Virus, allergic sensitisation and cortisol in infant bronchiolitis and risk of early asthma. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 6(1). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00268-2019. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Acute bronchiolitis during infancy and human rhinovirus (HRV) lower respiratory tract infections increases the risk of asthma in atopic children. We aimed to explore whether specific viruses, allergic sensitisation or cortisol levels during acute bronchiolitis in infancy increase the risk of early asthma, using recurrent wheeze as a proxy. Methods: In 294 children with a mean (range) age of 4.2 (0–12) months enrolled during hospitalisation for acute infant bronchiolitis, we analysed virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates, serum specific immunoglobulin E against food and inhalant allergens, and salivary morning cortisol. These factors were assessed by regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex and parental atopy, for risk of recurrent wheeze, defined as a minimum of three parentally reported episodes of wheeze at the 2-year follow-up investigation. Results: At 2 years, children with, compared to without, recurrent wheeze had similar rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (82.9% versus 81.8%) and HRV (34.9% versus 35.0%) at the acute bronchiolitis, respectively. During infancy, 6.9% of children with and 9.2% of children without recurrent wheeze at 2 years were sensitised to at least one allergen (p=0.5). Neither recurrent wheeze nor incidence rate ratios for the number of wheeze episodes at 2 years were significantly associated with specific viruses, high viral load of RSV or HRV, allergic sensitisation, or morning salivary cortisol level during acute bronchiolitis in infancy. Conclusion: In children hospitalised with acute infant bronchiolitis, specific viruses, viral load, allergic sensitisation and salivary morning cortisol did not increase the risk of early asthma by 2 years of age.

• Melby, Kjetil K.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Håland, Geir; Samdal, Helvi Holm & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2020). Helicobacter pylori in early childhood and asthma in adolescence. BMC Research Notes. ISSN 1756-0500. 13. doi: 10.1186/s13104-020-04941-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsen, Morten; Schinagl, Carina Madelen; Angell, Inga Leena; Arntzen, Magnus Øverlie; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2020). Butyrate Levels in the Transition from an Infant-to an Adult-Like Gut Microbiota Correlate with Bacterial Networks Associated with Eubacterium Rectale and Ruminococcus Gnavus. Genes. ISSN 2073-4425. 11(11). doi: 10.3390/genes11111245. Full text in Research Archive
• Angell, Inga Leena; Nilsen, Morten; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Hedlin, Gunilla & Jonassen, Christine M [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). De novo species identification using 16S rRNA gene nanopore sequencing. PeerJ. ISSN 2167-8359. 8:e10029, p. 1–11. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10029. Full text in Research Archive
• Kelleher, Maeve M; Cro, Suzie; Cornelius, Victoria; Axon, Emma; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Skjerven, Håvard Ove [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2020). Skincare interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ISSN 1469-493X. 2020(2), p. 1–24. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013534. Full text in Research Archive
• Nordhagen, Live Solveig; Kreyberg, Ina; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Glavin, Kari & Skjerven, Håvard Ove [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2020). Maternal use of nicotine products and breastfeeding 3 months postpartum. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 109(12), p. 2594–2603. doi: 10.1111/apa.15299. Full text in Research Archive
• Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Vettukattil, Muhammad Riyas; LeBlanc, Marissa Erin; Granum, Berit & Haugen, Guttorm [Show all 35 contributors for this article] (2020). Skin emollient and early complementary feeding to prevent infant atopic dermatitis (PreventADALL): a factorial, multicentre, cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 395(10228), p. 951–961. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32983-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Hov, Brit; Andersen, Tiina Maarit; Toussaint, Michel; Fondenes, Ove; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Hovland, Vegard (2019). Optimizing expiratory flows during mechanical cough in a pediatric neuromuscular lung model. Pediatric Pulmonology. ISSN 8755-6863. 55(2), p. 433–440. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24606. Full text in Research Archive
• Endre, Kim Magnus Advocaat; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Gjersvik, Petter & Hedlin, Gunilla [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2019). Maternal and paternal atopic dermatitis and risk of atopic dermatitis during early infancy in girls and boys. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. ISSN 2213-2198. 8(1), p. 416–418. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.039. Full text in Research Archive
• Schinagl, Carina Madelen; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Gudbrandsgard, Malén; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Haugen, Guttorm [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2019). Food and nutrient intake and adherence to dietary recommendations during pregnancy: A nordic mother?child population-based cohort. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 63:3676, p. 1–11. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3676. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvalem, Helen Engelstad; Nygaard, Unni Cecilie; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Haug, Line Småstuen & Granum, Berit (2019). Perfluoroalkyl substances, airways infections, allergy and asthma related health outcomes – implications of gender, exposure period and study design. Environment International. ISSN 0160-4120. 134. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105259. Full text in Research Archive
• Kreyberg, Ina; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Granum, Berit; Hilde, Katarina & Gudmundsdóttir, Hrefna Katrín [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2019). Snus in pregnancy and infant birth size: A mother–child birth cohort study. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 5(4), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00255-2019. Full text in Research Archive
• Reier-Nilsen, Tonje; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Michelsen, Merethe Melbye; Drottning, Sebastian; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Zhang, Chi [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Parent and child perception of quality of life in a randomized controlled peanut oral immunotherapy trial. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 30(6), p. 638–645. doi: 10.1111/pai.13066.
• Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Bakkeheim, Egil; Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2019). Quality of life, salivary cortisol and atopic diseases in young children. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14:e0214040(8), p. 1–17. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214040. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract BACKGROUND: Children with atopic disease may have reduced health-related quality of life (QoL) and morning cortisol. Possible links between QoL, morning cortisol and atopic disease are unclear. We aimed to determine if QoL was associated with morning salivary cortisol at two years of age, and if asthma, atopic dermatitis and/or allergic sensitisation influenced this association. Secondarily, we aimed to determine if QoL at one year of age was associated with salivary cortisol one year later. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Bronchiolitis All SE-Norway study included infants during hospitalisation for acute bronchiolitis in infancy (bronchiolitis group) and population-based control infants (controls). The present study included all 358 subjects with available Infant Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire (ITQOL) from parents, consisting of 13 domains and morning salivary cortisol at two years of age. Answers from the same 0-100 score questionnaire, with optimal score 100 nine months after enrolment, was also available for 289 of these children at about one year of age. Recurrent bronchial obstruction was used as an asthma proxy. Atopic dermatitis was defined by Hanifin and Rajka criteria and allergic sensitisation by a positive skin prick test. Due to different inclusion criteria, we tested possible interactions with affiliation groups. Associations between QoL and cortisol were analysed by multivariate analyses, stratified by bronchiolitis and control groups due to interaction from affiliation grouping on results. At two years of age, QoL decreased significantly with decreasing cortisol in 8/13 QoL domains in the bronchiolitis group, but only with General health in the controls. The associations in the bronchiolitis group showed 0.06-0.19 percentage points changes per nmol/L cortisol for each of the eight domains (p-values 0.0001-0.034). The associations remained significant but diminished by independently including recurrent bronchial obstruction and atopic dermatitis, but remained unchanged by allergic sensitisation. In the bronchiolitis group only, 7/13 age and gender adjusted QoL domains in one-year old children were lower with lower cortisol levels at two years of age (p = 0.0005-0.04). CONCLUSIONS: At two years, most QoL domains decreased with lower salivary cortisol among children who had been hospitalised for acute bronchiolitis in infancy, but for one domain only among controls. Recurrent bronchial obstruction and to a lesser extent atopic dermatitis, weakened these associations that nevertheless remained significant. After bronchiolitis, lower QoL in one-year old children was associated with lower salivary cortisol at two years.

• Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Endre, Kim Magnus Advocaat; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Asarnoj, Anna; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby & Berents, Teresa Løvold [Show all 21 contributors for this article] (2019). Predicting skin barrier dysfunction and atopic dermatitis in early infancy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. ISSN 2213-2198. p. 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.09.014. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dry skin is associated with increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which has been found to precede atopic dermatitis (AD) in childhood. Objective We aimed to identify parental, prenatal, and perinatal predictive factors of dry skin, high TEWL, and AD at 3 months of age, and to determine if dry skin or high TEWL at 3 months can predict AD at 6 months. Methods From the Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in children prospective birth cohort study, we included 1150 mother-child pairs. Dry skin, TEWL, and eczema were assessed at 3- and 6-month investigations. Eczema, used as a proxy for AD, was defined as the presence of eczematous lesions, excluding differential diagnoses to AD. High TEWL was defined as TEWL >90th percentile, equaling 11.3 g/m2/h. Potential predictive factors were recorded from electronic questionnaires at 18- and 34-week pregnancy and obstetric charts. Results Significant predictive factors (P < .05) for dry skin at 3 months were delivery >38 gestational weeks and paternal age >37 years; for high TEWL, male sex, birth during winter season, and maternal allergic disease; and for eczema, elective caesarean section, multiparity, and maternal allergic diseases. Dry skin without eczema at 3 months was predictive for eczema at 6 months (adjusted odds ratio: 1.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.21-3.05; P = .005), whereas high TEWL at 3 months was not. Conclusion In early infancy, distinct parental- and pregnancy-related factors were predictive for dry skin, high TEWL, and AD. Dry skin at 3 months of age was predictive for AD 3 months later.

• Bousquet, Jean; Schünemann, Holger J.; Togias, Akdis; Bachert, Claus; Erhola, Martina & Hellings, Peter W. [Show all 102 contributors for this article] (2019). Next-generation Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines for allergic rhinitis based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and real-world evidence. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 145(1), p. 70–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.049.
• Bousquet, J. Jean; Schünemann, Holger J.; Togias, Alkis; Erhola, Marina; Hellings, Peter W. & Zuberbier, Torsten [Show all 249 contributors for this article] (2019). Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: A model for multimorbid chronic diseases. Clinical and Translational Allergy. ISSN 2045-7022. 9:44, p. 1–15. doi: 10.1186/s13601-019-0279-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Bousquet, Jean; Pfaar, O; Togias, A; Schünemann, HJ; Ansotegui, I & Papadopoulos, NG [Show all 93 contributors for this article] (2019). 2019 ARIA Care pathways for allergen immunotherapy. Allergologie. ISSN 0344-5062. 42(9), p. 404–425. doi: 10.5414/ALX02096.
• Bousquet, Jean; Pfaar, Oliver; Togias, Alkis; Schünemann, Holger J.; Ansotegui, Ignacio & Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. [Show all 94 contributors for this article] (2019). 2019 ARIA Care pathways for allergen immunotherapy. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 74(11), p. 2087–2102. doi: 10.1111/all.13805.
• Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia; Costa, Elisio; Menditto, Enrica; Lourenco, Olga; Novellino, Ettore & Bialek, Slawomir [Show all 122 contributors for this article] (2019). ARIA pharmacy 2018 “Allergic rhinitis care pathways for community pharmacy”. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 74(7), p. 1219–1236. doi: 10.1111/all.13701.
• Benet, Marta; Albang, Richard; Pinart, Mariona; Hohmann, Cynthia; Tischer, Christina G. & Annesi-Maesano, Isabella [Show all 38 contributors for this article] (2019). Integrating clinical and epidemiologic data on allergic diseases across birth cohorts: A harmonization study in the mechanisms of the development of allergy project. American Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0002-9262. 188(2), p. 408–417. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy242.
• Kreyberg, Ina; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Granum, Berit; Gudmundsdóttir, Hrefna Katrín & Haugen, Guttorm [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2019). Stopping when knowing: use of snus and nicotine during pregnancy in Scandinavia. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 5(2). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00197-2018. Full text in Research Archive
• Granlund, Peder Annæus; Ødegaard, Jostein Strand; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Hanséus, Katarina & Rögnvaldsson, Ingolfur [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Survey of 23 Nordic university hospitals showed that 77% lacked written procedures for measuring and interpreting blood pressure in infants. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 108(2), p. 266–270. doi: 10.1111/apa.14492. Full text in Research Archive
• Kreyberg, Ina; Nordhagen, Live Solveig; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Alexander, Jan; Becher, Rune & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). An update on prevalence and risk of snus and nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 108(7), p. 1215–1221. doi: 10.1111/apa.14737. Full text in Research Archive
• Kunst, Natalia R.; Lindvik, Helene; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Håland, Geir; Jørgensen, Eivind & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2019). Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic algorithms for peanut allergy in children. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 143(3), p. 1243–1246. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.050.
• Bousquet, Jean; Hellings, Peter W.; Agache, Ioana; Amat, Flore; Annesi-Maesano, Isabella & Ansotegui, Ignacio J. [Show all 49 contributors for this article] (2018). Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018): Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 143(3), p. 864–879. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.049.
• Hunderi, Jon Olav; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter & Skjerven, Håvard Ove (2018). Parental severity assessment predicts supportive care in infant bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 108, p. 131–137. doi: 10.1111/apa.14443. Full text in Research Archive
• Reier-Nilsen, Tonje; Michelsen, Merethe Melbye; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter & Nygaard, Unni Cecilie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Feasibility of desensitizing children highly allergic to peanut by high-dose oral immunotherapy. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 74(2), p. 337–348. doi: 10.1111/all.13604. Full text in Research Archive
• Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Staff, Anne Cathrine; Angell, Inga Leena; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland & Hilde, Katarina [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Is amniotic fluid of women with uncomplicated term pregnancies free of bacteria? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ISSN 0002-9378. 219(3), p. 289.e1–289.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.05.028. Full text in Research Archive
• Xu, Cheng-Jian; Söderhäll, Cilla; Bustamante, Mariona; Baïz, Nour; Gruzieva, Olena & Gehring, Ulrike [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2018). DNA methylation in childhood asthma: an epigenome-wide meta-analysis. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 2213-2600. 6(5), p. 379–388. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30052-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Skjerven, Håvard Ove & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2018). The toxicity of E-cigarettes and children's respiratory health. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. ISSN 1526-0542. 28, p. 63–67. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.01.002.
• Liu, Norrice M.; van Aalderen, Wim M.C.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Coleman, Courtney; Chalmers, James & Cunningham, Steve [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2018). Severe paediatric asthma collaborative in Europe (SPACE): Protocol for a european registry. Breathe. ISSN 1810-6838. 14(2), p. 93–98. doi: 10.1183/20734735.002018. Full text in Research Archive
• Reier-Nilsen, Tonje; Michelsen, Merethe Melbye; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter & Nygaard, Unni Cecilie [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Predicting reactivity threshold in children with anaphylaxis to peanut. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 48(4), p. 415–423. doi: 10.1111/cea.13078.
• Impinen, Antti; Nygaard, Unni Cecilie; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Haug, Line Småstuen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Prenatal exposure to perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) associated with respiratory tract infections but not allergy- and asthma-related health outcomes in childhood. Environmental Research. ISSN 0013-9351. 160, p. 518–523. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.012.
• Brożek, Jan L.; Bousquet, Jean; Agache, Ioana; Agarwal, Arnav; Bachert, Claus & Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia [Show all 60 contributors for this article] (2017). Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines—2016 revision. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 140(4), p. 950–958. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050.
• Lindvik, Helene; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Navaratnam, Jesintha; Borres, Magnus P. & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2017). Conjunctival provocation test in diagnosis of peanut allergy in children. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 47(6), p. 785–794. doi: 10.1111/cea.12899.
• Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Bakkeheim, Egil; Berents, Teresa Løvold; Alm, Johan; Skjerven, Håvard Ove & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Morning salivary cortisol in young children: reference values and the effects of age, sex, and acute bronchiolitis. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. 184, p. 193–198.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.064. Full text in Research Archive
• Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte & Nordhagen, Live Solveig [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Weight-for-length, early weight-gain velocity and atopic dermatitis in infancy and at two years of age: A cohort study. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 17:141, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0889-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Overweight and atopic dermatitis (AD) are major health problems in most industrialised countries, but the relationship between overweight and AD in infants and young children is unclear. We investigated if weight-for-length at birth, in infancy and at two years, as well as early weight-gain velocity, are associated with the development of AD in early life. Methods Cohort study of infants (n = 642), all living in south-east Norway, hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis (n = 404) or recruited from the general population (n = 238), examined at mean age 5.1 months (enrolment) and at a two-year follow-up visit (n = 499; 78%) at mean age 24.6 months. Exposures were weight-for-length (g/cm) at birth, enrolment and two-year follow-up, and early weight-gain velocity (gram/month from birth to enrolment). Excessive weight-for-length was defined as weight-for-length >95th percentile of WHO child-growth standards. Data on weight-for-length at the three time points were obtained for 435, 428 and 473 children. AD was diagnosed according to the Hanifin & Rajka criteria or from a history of physician-diagnosed AD. We performed multivariate analyses with weight-for-length at birth, at enrolment and at the two-year follow-up visit and with early weight gain velocity for the endpoint AD at each visit. Results In adjusted analyses, excessive weight-for-length at enrolment was associated with concurrent AD (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.23–7.50) and with AD at two years (OR 2.40; 1.11–5.17). In infants without AD, weight-for-length at enrolment increased the risk of AD at two years, with OR being 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.04) per increased gram/cm. AD at two years was not associated with concurrent excessive weight-for-length, nor was AD at any time associated with weight-for-length at birth or with early weight-gain velocity. Conclusions The results suggest that overweight in infancy may contribute to the development of AD in early life, highlighting the need for child health-care professionals to address potential overweight and atopic disease when advising infants’ caregivers.

• Anto, Josep M.; Bousquet, Jean; Akdis, Mubeccel; Auffray, Charles; Keil, Thomas & Momas, Isabelle [Show all 88 contributors for this article] (2017). Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy (MeDALL): Introducing novel concepts in allergy phenotypes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 139(2), p. 388–399. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.940.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2016). Asthma and the Olympians. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. p. 409–410. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.025.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2016). Elektroniske sigaretter. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 3, p. 34–39.
• Bousquet, Jean; Farrell, J; Crooks, G; Hellings, P; Bel, EH & Bewick, M [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2016). Scaling up strategies of the chronic respiratory disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5). Clinical and Translational Allergy. ISSN 2045-7022. 6:29, p. 1–18. doi: 10.1186/s13601-016-0116-9.
• Bousquet, Jean; Hellings, PW; Agache, I; Bedbrook, A; Bachert, C & Bergmann, KC [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2016). ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle. Clinical and Translational Allergy. ISSN 2045-7022. 6:47, p. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s13601-016-0137-4.
• Siroux, Valérie; Lupinek, Christian; Resch, Yvonne; Curin, Mirela; Just, Jocelyne & Keil, Thomas [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2016). Specific IgE and IgG measured by the MeDALL allergen-chip depend on allergen and route of exposure: The EGEA study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 139(2), p. 643–654.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.023.
• Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte & Bradley, Maria [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Transepidermal water loss in infancy associated with atopic eczema at 2 years: a population-based cohort study. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. 177(3), p. e35–e37. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15157. Show summary

  Skin barrier function can be evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL).1,2 High TEWL is found in children with atopic eczema (AE)3 and in infants with a mutation in the gene encoding for profilaggrin,4 a precursor for filaggrin, an important protein for skin barrier function. In a recent study by Kelleher et al5, high TEWL at 2 days and 2 months preceded and predicted AE at 1 year, independent of parental atopy and filaggrin mutation status.

• Bousquet, Jean; Schünemann, Holger J.; Hellings, Peter W.; Arnavielhe, Sylvie; Bachert, Claus & Bedbrook, Anna [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2016). MACVIA clinical decision algorithm in adolescents and adults with allergic rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 138(2), p. 367–374.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.025.
• Gervin, Kristina; Kulle, Bettina; Hjorthaug, Hanne Sagsveen; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Undlien, Dag Erik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Intra-individual changes in DNA methylation not mediated by cell-type composition are correlated with aging during childhood. Clinical Epigenetics. ISSN 1868-7075. 8:110, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s13148-016-0277-3.
• Bousquet, Jean; Bewick, M; Cano, A; Eklund, P; Fico, G & Goswami, N [Show all 53 contributors for this article] (2016). Building bridges for innovation in ageing: Synergies between Action Groups of the EIP on AHA. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. ISSN 1279-7707. 21(1), p. 92–104. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0803-1.
• Bousquet, Jean; Anto, JM; Akdis, M; Auffray, C; Keil, T & Momas, I [Show all 53 contributors for this article] (2016). Paving the way of systems biology and precision medicine in allergic diseases: the MeDALL success story: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy; EU FP7-CP-IP; Project No: 261357; 2010–2015. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 71(11), p. 1513–1525. doi: 10.1111/all.12880.
• Westergren, Thomas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Håland, Geir & Fegran, Liv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Perceived exercise limitation in asthma: the role of disease severity, overweight and physical activity in children. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 28(1), p. 86–92. doi: 10.1111/pai.12670. Full text in Research Archive
• Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Sandvik, Leiv; Skjerven, Håvard Ove & Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2016). Vitamin D levels and atopic eczema in infancy and early childhood in Norway: a cohort study. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. 175(1), p. 95–101. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14537.
• Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter; Bains, Karen-Eline Stensby & Bakkeheim, Egil [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). The severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants was associated with quality of life nine months later. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 105(7), p. 834–841. doi: 10.1111/apa.13396. Show summary

  Aim Acute bronchiolitis in infancy increases the risk of later asthma and reduced health-related quality of life (QoL). We aimed to see whether the severity of acute bronchiolitis in the first year of life was associated with QoL nine months later. Methods The parents of 209 of 404 of children hospitalised for acute bronchiolitis in eight paediatric departments in south-east Norway at a mean four months of age (range 0–12 months) completed the Infant/Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire sent by mail nine months after the acute illness. Disease severity was measured by length of stay and the need for supportive treatment. Interactions with gender, inclusion age, prematurity, maternal ethnicity and maternal education were examined. Results Reduced QoL in four domains was associated with increased length of stay and need for ventilatory support. Physical abilities and general health were associated with both severity markers, whereas bodily pain and discomfort and change in health were associated with length of stay. Ventilatory support was more negatively associated with QoL than atopic eczema and also associated with reduced parental emotions and parental time. Conclusion The severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants was associated with reduced QoL nine months later.

• Bousquet, Jean; Barbara, Cristina; Bateman, Eric; Bel, Elisabeth; Bewick, Mike & Chavannes, Niels H. [Show all 19 contributors for this article] (2016). AIRWAYS-ICPs (European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing) from concept to implementation. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 47(4), p. 1028–1033. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01856-2015.
• Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Megremis, S; Papadopoulos, NG; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Hakon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2016). Virus Type and genomic Load in Acute Bronchiolitis: Severity and Treatment Response With Inhaled Adrenaline. Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0022-1899. 213(6), p. 915–921. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv513.
• Brand, Paul L.P.; Mäkelä, Mika J.; Szefler, Stanley J.; Frischer, Thomas; Price, David & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Monitoring asthma in childhood: Symptoms, exacerbations and quality of life. European Respiratory Review. ISSN 0905-9180. 24(136), p. 187–193. doi: 10.1183/16000617.00003614.
• Rottier, Bart L.; Eber, Ernst; Hedlin, Gunilla; Turner, Steve; Wooler, Edwina & Mantzourani, Eva [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Monitoring asthma in childhood: Management-related issues. European Respiratory Review. ISSN 0905-9180. 24(136), p. 194–203. doi: 10.1183/16000617.00003814.
• Smit, Henriette A.; Pinart, Mariona; Antó, Josep Maria; Keil, Thomas; Bousquet, Jean & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Childhood asthma prediction models: a systematic review. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 2213-2600. 3(12), p. 973–984. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00428-2.
• Bousquet, Jean; Schunemann, HJ; Fonseca, J; Samolinski, B; Bachert, C & Canonica, GW [Show all 263 contributors for this article] (2015). MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): The new generation guideline implementation. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 70(11), p. 1372–1392. doi: 10.1111/all.12686.
• Edwards, Alan Martin; Bibawy, Dalia; Matthews, Sharon; Tongue, Nicky; Arshad, Syed Hasan & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2015). Long-term use of a 4% sodium cromoglicate cutaneous emulsion in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in children. Journal of dermatological treatment (Print). ISSN 0954-6634. 26(6), p. 541–547. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1034077.
• Bousquet, Jean; Anto, JM; Wickman, M; Keil, T; Valenta, R & Haahtela, T [Show all 74 contributors for this article] (2015). Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling? the MeDALL hypothesis. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 70(9), p. 1062–1078. doi: 10.1111/all.12637.
• Bousquet, Jean; Antó, Jósep Maria; Berkouk, Karim; Gergen, Peter J.; Antunes, João Pinto & Augé, Philippe [Show all 54 contributors for this article] (2015). Developmental determinants in non-communicable chronic diseases and ageing. Thorax. ISSN 0040-6376. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206304.
• Garcia-Aymerich, Judith; Benet, Marta; Saeys, Yvan; Pinart, Mariona; Basagaña, Xavier & Smit, Henriëtte A. [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2015). Phenotyping asthma, rhinitis and eczema in MeDALL population-based birth cohorts: An allergic comorbidity cluster. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 70(8), p. 973–984. doi: 10.1111/all.12640.
• Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Kvenshagen, Bente & Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2015). Skin barrier function and Staphylococcus aureus colonization in vestibulum nasi and fauces in healthy infants and infants with eczema: A population-based cohort study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130145. Full text in Research Archive
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Haahtela, Tari; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Smith, Anders; Bjerke, Marianne & Wickman, Magnus [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2015). Integrated allergy and asthma prevention and care: report of the MeDALL/AIRWAYS ICPs Meeting at the Ministry of Health and Care Services, Oslo, Norway. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 1018-2438. 167(1), p. 57–64. doi: 10.1159/000431359.
• Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Berents, Teresa Løvold; Engen, Hanne; Dizdarevic, Edin & MIDGAARD, CATHRINE [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). Allergic diseases and the effect of inhaled epinephrine in children with acute bronchiolitis: Follow-up from the randomised, controlled, double-blind, Bronchiolitis ALL trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 2213-2600. 3(9), p. 702–708. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00319-7.
• Skrindo, Ingebjørg; Lupinek, Christian; Valenta, Rudolf; Hovland, Vegard; Pahr, Sandra & Baar, Alexandra [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2015). The use of the MeDALL-chip to assess IgE sensitization: A new diagnostic tool for allergic disease? Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 26(3), p. 239–246. doi: 10.1111/pai.12366.
• Pijnenburg, Mariëlle W.; Baraldi, Eugenio; Brand, Paul L.P.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Eber, Ernst & Frischer, Thomas [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2015). Monitoring asthma in children. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 45(4), p. 906–925. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00088814.
• Westman, M.; Lupinek, C; Bousquet, J.; Andersson, N; Pahr, Sandra & Baar, Alexandra [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2015). Early childhood IgE reactivity to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins predicts allergic rhinitis in adolescence. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 135(5), p. 1199–1206e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.042.
• Hovland, Vegard; Riiser, Andreas; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2015). Early risk factors for pubertal asthma. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 45(1), p. 164–176. doi: 10.1111/cea.12409.
• Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Bakkeheim, Egil; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Hunderi, Jon Olav Gjengstø & Kvenshagen, Bente [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). Children hospitalised with bronchiolitis in the first year of life have a lower quality of life nine months later. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 104(1), p. 53–58. doi: 10.1111/apa.12792. Show summary

  Aim Acute bronchiolitis increases the risk of asthma, and reduced quality of life (QoL) is reported in children with asthma and allergy. However, the impact of asthma risk factors on QoL is unclear. This study investigated whether bronchiolitis and common asthma risk factors in infancy had an influence on later QoL. Methods The parents of 209 infants recruited during hospitalisation for bronchiolitis at a mean age of 4 months, and 206 controls responded to the generic Infant Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire 9 months later. We used robust regression analyses to assess the association between four asthma risk factors, atopic eczema, parental asthma, parental allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and second-hand smoke and QoL in the two groups. Results QoL was lower among children with previous bronchiolitis in the overall health and general health domains and lower in six of 13 domains in children with atopic eczema. Compared with no risk factors, children with previous bronchiolitis and three risk factors had lower scores in four domains, and control children with three risk factors had lower scores in three domains. Conclusion Having acute bronchiolitis, atopic eczema and three asthma risk factors were negatively associated with later QoL in early childhood.

• Westergren, Thomas; Ommundsen, Yngvar; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter & Fegran, Liv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). A nested case-control study: Personal, social and environmental correlates of vigorous physical activity in adolescents with asthma. Journal of Asthma. ISSN 0277-0903. 52(2), p. 155–161. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2014.955190.
• Pinart, Mariona; Benet, Marta; Annesi-Maesano, Isabella; von Berg, Andrea; Berdel, Dietrich & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2014). Comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma in IgE-sensitised and non-IgE-sensitised children in MeDALL: A population-based cohort study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 2213-2600. 2(2), p. 131–140. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70277-7.
• Bousquet, Jean; Gern, James E.; Martinez, Fernando D.; Antó, Josep Maria; Johnson, Christine C. & Holt, Patrick G. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2014). Birth cohorts in asthma and allergic diseases: Report of a NIAID/NHLBI/MeDALL joint workshop. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 133(6), p. 1535–1546. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.018.
• Kvenshagen, Bente; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter; Berents, Teresa Løvold & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2014). Can early skin care normalise dry skin and possibly prevent atopic eczema? A pilot study in young infants. Allergologia et Immunopathologia. ISSN 0301-0546. 42(6), p. 539–543. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2014.06.003.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter ; Hovland, Vegard; Håland, Geir; Riiser, Amund & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2014). Lung function trajectories from birth through puberty reflect asthma phenotypes with allergic comorbidity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 134(4), p. 917–923.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.020.
• Lupinek, Christian; Wollmann, Eva; Baar, Alexandra; Banerjee, Srinita; Breiteneder, Heimo & Broecker, Barbara M. [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2014). Advances in allergen-microarray technology for diagnosis and monitoring of allergy: The MeDALL allergen-chip. Methods. ISSN 1046-2023. 66(1), p. 106–119. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.10.008.
• Bousquet, Jean; Addis, Antoino; Adcock, Ian M.; Agache, Ioana; Agustí, Àlvar & Alonso, Albert [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2014). Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs). European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 44(2), p. 304–323. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00014614.
• Hohmann, C.; Pinart, M.; Tischer, C.; Gehring, U.; Heinrich, J. & Kull, I. [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2014). The development of the MeDALL core questionnaires for a harmonized follow-up assessment of eleven European birth cohorts on asthma and allergies. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 1018-2438. 163(3), p. 215–224. doi: 10.1159/000357732.
• Hovland, Vegard; Riiser, Amund; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2014). Asthma with allergic comorbidities in adolescence is associated with bronchial responsiveness and airways inflammation. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 25(4), p. 351–359. doi: 10.1111/pai.12241.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Fæste, Christiane Kruse; Granum, Berit; Egaas, Eliann; London, Stephanie J & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). Food allergens in mattress dust in Norwegian homes - a potentially important source of allergen exposure. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 44(1), p. 142–149. doi: 10.1111/cea.12231.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Longnecker, M P; Løvik, Martinus; Calafat, A M; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & London, S J [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2013). Triclosan exposure and allergic sensitization in Norwegian children. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 68(1), p. 84–91. doi: 10.1111/all.12058.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Calafat, Antonia M.; Hoppin, Jane A; Håland, Geir & Mowinckel, Petter [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Urinary biomarkers for phthalates associated with asthma in Norwegian children. Environmental Health Perspectives. ISSN 0091-6765. 121(2), p. 251–256. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205256.
• Sachs Olsen, Christine; Berntsen, Sveinung; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2013). Time spent in vigorous physical activity is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in non-asthmatic adolescents. Clinical Respiratory Journal. ISSN 1752-6981. 7(1), p. 64–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2012.00283.x. Show summary

  Introduction:  Physical activity (PA) is important in preventing disease, but endurance elite athletes have increased prevalence of asthma and airway inflammation. Objectives:  We aimed to determine if PA was associated with increased fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents. Methods:  FENO was recorded (Niox Mino®, Aerocrine AB, Stockholm, Sweden) in 169 adolescents (13–14 years) in a nested case–control analysis from the Environment and Childhood Asthma study, Oslo, 92 adolescents with and 77 without asthma. They underwent clinical examination, lung function measurements and treadmill run measuring peak oxygen uptake, and objectively recorded PA for four consecutive days. PA was classified as moderate, vigorous and very vigorous, and total number of hours of each category was recorded for each subject. Associations between FENO and PA were tested using linear robust multiple regression analyses. Results:  In non-asthmatic adolescents, FENO was associated with daily hours of vigorous to very vigorous (r = 0.27, P = 0.02) and very vigorous PAs (r = 0.25, P = 0.036) in bivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, FENO was associated with vigorous to very vigorous PA [regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) 1.9 (0.6, 3.1); P = 0.004] and more strongly with very vigorous PA [3.9 (1.5, 6.4); P = 0.002] in non-asthmatic but not in asthmatic adolescents. Total daily PA was not associated with FENO in either group. Thus, 1 h of very vigorous PA per day increased FENO by 3.9 ppb. Conclusion: Vigorous to very vigorous PA, contrasting total daily PA, was significantly associated with increased FENO in non-asthmatic adolescents, suggesting that intensive PA may induce airway inflammation independent of asthma.

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Pijnenburg, Marielle (2013). Bronchial asthma. In Eber, E. & Midulla, F. (Ed.), ERS Handbook of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine. European Respiratory Society. ISSN 978-1-84984-038-5. p. 316–327.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2013). Pathophysiology and epidemiology of allergic disorders. In Eber, E. & Midulla, F. (Ed.), ERS Handbook of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine. European Respiratory Society. ISSN 978-1-84984-038-5. p. 339–344. doi: 10.1183/9781849840392.030712.
• Midulla, Fabio; Lombardi, Enrico; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Regamey, Nicolas; Grigg, Jonathan & Russell, Rober I. Ross [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). Paediatrics in Vienna. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 42(4), p. 1092–1104. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00037213.
• Berntsen, Sveinung; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2013). Factors associated with aerobic fitness in adolescents with asthma. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 107(8), p. 1164–1171. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.04.009.
• Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Hunderi, Jon Olav Gjengstø; Brügmann-Pieper, Sabine Kristin; Brun, Anne Charlotte; Engen, Hanne & Eskedal, Leif Torvald [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2013). Racemic adrenaline and inhalation strategies in acute bronchiolitis. New England Journal of Medicine. ISSN 0028-4793. 368(24), p. 2286–2293. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301839.
• Konradsen, Jon R.; James, Anna; Nordlund, Bjørn Kristian; Reinius, Lovisa E.; Söderhäll, Cilla & Melen, E [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2013). The chitinase-like protein YKL-40: A possible biomarker of inflammation and airway remodeling in severe pediatric asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 132(2), p. 328–+. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.003.
• Torjussen, Tale Mæhre; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Undlien, Dag Erik & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2013). Childhood lung function and the association with beta 2-adrenergic receptor haplotypes. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 102(7), p. 727–731. doi: 10.1111/apa.12221.
• Hovland, Vegard; Riiser, Amund; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2013). The significance of early recurrent wheeze for asthma outcomes in late childhood. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 41(4), p. 838–845. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00071512.
• Bousquet, Jean; Schunemann, HJ; Samolinski, B; Demoly, P; Baena-Cagnani, CE & Bachert, C [Show all 217 contributors for this article] (2012). Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): Achievements in 10 years and future needs. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 130(5), p. 1049–1062. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.053.
• Bousquet, Jean; Anto, JM; Demoly, P; Schunemann, HJ; Togias, A & Akdis, M [Show all 178 contributors for this article] (2012). Severe chronic allergic (and related) diseases: a uniform approach - A MeDALL - GA(2)LEN - ARIA position paper. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 1018-2438. 158(3), p. 216–231. doi: 10.1159/000332924.
• Eber, Ernst; Aurora, Paul; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Lindblad, Anders; Dankert-Roelse, Jeannette E & Ross-Russell, Robert I [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2012). Paediatrics in Amsterdam. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 40(1), p. 215–226. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00226811.
• Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Torjussen, Tale Mæhre; Hjorthaug, Hanne Sagsveen; Undlien, Dag Erik & Lyle, Robert [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2012). Pet keeping and tobacco exposure influence CD14 methylation in childhood. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 23(8), p. 746–753. doi: 10.1111/pai.12021.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Roll, Stephanie; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter ; Wijga, Alet H. & Brunekreef, Bert [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2012). Does Pet Ownership in Infancy Lead to Asthma or Allergy at School Age? Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data from 11 European Birth Cohorts. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 7(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043214.
• Riiser, Amund; Hovland, Vegard; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2012). Does Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Childhood Predict Active Asthma in Adolescence? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 1073-449X. 186(6), p. 493–500. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201112-2235OC.
• Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Arakawa, H; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Custovic, A; Gern, J & Lemanske, R [Show all 68 contributors for this article] (2012). International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 67(8), p. 976–997. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02865.x.
• Antó, Josep Maria; Pinart, M; Akdis, M; Auffray, C; Bachert, C & Basagana, X [Show all 69 contributors for this article] (2012). Understanding the complexity of IgE-related phenotypes from childhood to young adulthood: A Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy (MeDALL) Seminar. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 129(4), p. 943–U421. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.047.
• Bousquet, J.; Heinzerling, L.; Bachert, C.; Papadopoulos, N.G.; Bousquet, P.J. & Burney, P.G. [Show all 46 contributors for this article] (2012). Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 67(1), p. 18–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02728.x.
• Riiser, Amund; Hovland, Vegard; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2012). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness decreases through childhood. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 106(2), p. 215–222. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.09.013. Show summary

  Limited knowledge exists about development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) through adolescence. We aimed to assess changes in and risk factors for BHR in adolescence. From a Norwegian birth cohort 517 subjects underwent clinical examinations, structured interviews and methacholine challenges at age 10 and 16. BHR was divided into four categories: no BHR (cumulative methacholine dose required to reduce FEV1 by 20% (PD20) >16 μmol), borderline BHR (PD20 ≤16 and >8 μmol), mild to moderate BHR (PD20 ≤8 and >1 μmol), and severe BHR (PD20 ≤ 1 μmol). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors and possible confounders. The number of children with PD20 ≤ 8 decreased from 172 (33%) to 79 (15%) from age 10–16 (p < 0.001). Most children (n = 295, 57%) remained in the same BHR (category) from age 10–16 (50% with no BHR), whereas the majority 182 (82%) of the 222 children who changed BHR category, had decreased severity at age 16. PD20 ≤ 8 at age 10 was the major risk factor for PD20 ≤ 8 6 years later (odds ratio 6.3), without significant confounding effect (>25% change) of gender, active rhinitis, active asthma, height, FEV1/FVC, or allergic sensitization. BHR decreased overall in severity through adolescence, was stable for the majority of children and only a minority (8%) had increased BHR from age 10 to 16. Mild to moderate and severe BHR at age 10 were major risk factors for PD20 ≤ 8 at 16 years and not modified by asthma or body size.

• Torjussen, Tale Mæhre; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Helms, Peter J [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2012). Alpha-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and tobacco smoke exposure: Effects on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 23(1), p. 40–49. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01222.x.
• Yorgancioglu, A; Ozdemir, C; Kalayci, O; Kalyconcu, A F; Bachert, C & Baena-Cagnani, C E [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2012). ARIA (allerjik rinit ve astim üzerine etkisi) 10 yidaki kazanimlar ve gelecekteki gereksinimler. Turkish Journal of Tuberculosis & Thorax. ISSN 0494-1373. 60(1), p. 92–97. doi: 10.5578/tt.3734.
• Bush, Andy; Pedersen, S.; Hedlin, G.; Baraldi, E.; Barbato, A & de Benedictis, F [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2011). Pharmacological treatment of severe, therapy-resistant asthma in children: what can we learn from where? European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 38(4), p. 947–958. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00030711.
• Berntsen, Sveinung; Edvardsen, Elisabeth; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Pollestad, Magnhild Louise & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2011). Effects of posture on lung function in obese children. Clinical Respiratory Journal. ISSN 1752-6981. 5(4), p. 252–257. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2010.00227.x.
• Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Christodoulou, I; Rohde, G; Agache, I; Almqvist, C & Bruno, A [Show all 45 contributors for this article] (2011). Viruses and bacteria in acute asthma exacerbations - A GA2LEN-DARE* systematic review. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 66(4), p. 458–468. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02505.x.
• Bousquet, Jean; Anto, J; Auffray, C; Akdis, M; Cambon-Thomsen, A & Keil, T [Show all 67 contributors for this article] (2011). MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy): an integrated approach from phenotypes to systems medicine. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 66(5), p. 596–604. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02534.x.
• Eber, E.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Ratjen, F.; Turner, S.W.; Dankert-Roelse, J.E. & Ross-Russell, R.I. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2011). Paediatrics in Barcelona: highlights from the 2010 ERS Annual Congress. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 37(6), p. 1514–1521. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00026311.
• Madsen, Christian; Gehring, Ulrike; Håberg, Siri Eldevik; Nafstad, Per; Meliefste, Kees & Nystad, Wenche [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2011). Comparison of land-use regression models for predicting spatial NOx contrasts over a three year period in Oslo, Norway. Atmospheric Environment. ISSN 1352-2310. 45(21), p. 3576–3583. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.069.
• Bakkeheim, Egil; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Burney, Peter & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2011). Altered oxidative state in schoolchildren with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 22(2), p. 178–185. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01092.x.
• Bakkeheim, Egil; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Håland, Geir & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2011). Paracetamol in early infancy: the risk of childhood allergy and asthma. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 100(1), p. 90–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01942.x.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Hedlin, G.; Bush, A.; Wennergren, G; de Benedictis, F & De Jongste, JC [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2011). Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 37(2), p. 432–440. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00091410.
• Bueso, Anne Elisabeth Kørner; Berntsen, Sveinung; Mowinckel, Peter; Andersen, Lene Frost; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2011). Dietary intake in adolescents with asthma - potential for improvement. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 22(1), p. 19–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01013.x.
• Muraro, Antonella; Clark, Andrew; Beyer, Kirsten; Borrego, Luis Miguel; Borres, Magnus P. & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2010). The management of the allergic child at school: EAACI/GA2LEN Task Force on the allergic child at school. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 65(6), p. 681–689. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02343.x.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2010). Tidal breathing techniques. European Respiratory Monograph. ISSN 1025-448X. p. 35–45.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2010). Passiv røking lungehelse hos barn. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. p. 38–44.
• Bakkeheim, Egil; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Burney, P. & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2010). Reduced basal salivary cortisol in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 99(11), p. 1705–1711. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01598.x.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Soderstrom, L.; Mowinckel, P; Håland, Geir; Pettersen, M & Munthe, M.C [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2010). Asthma prediction in school children; the value of combined IgE-antibodies and obstruction airways disease severity score*. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 65, p. 1134–1140. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02344.x.
• Sachs Olsen, Christine; Sanak, Marek; Lang, Astri Maria; Gielicz, Anna; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Eoxins: A new inflammatory pathway in childhood asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 126(4), p. 859–U304. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.015.
• Lang, Astri Maria; Mowinckel, Petter ; Sachs Olsen, Christine; Riiser, Amund; Lunde, Jon & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Asthma severity in childhood, untangling clinical phenotypes. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 21(6), p. 945–953. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01072.x.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Mowinckel, Petter ; Håland, Geir; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2010). Lung function at 10 yrs is not improved by early corticosteroid treatment in asthmatic children. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 21(5), p. 814–822. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00973.x.
• Lang, Astri Maria; Konradsen, J; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Sachs Olsen, Christine; Mowinckel, Petter & Hedlin, G. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Identifying problematic severe asthma in the individual child - does lung function matter? Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 99(3), p. 404–410. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01625.x.
• Berntsen, Sveinung; Mowinckel, Petter ; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Pollestad, Magnhild Louise & Joner, Geir [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Obese children playing towards an active lifestyle. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. ISSN 1747-7166. 5(1), p. 64–71. doi: 10.3109/17477160902957166. Show summary

  Aim. To determine whether five months of guided active play in overweight or obese children and adolescents under multi-disciplinary management for weight reduction leads to increased physical activity levels in leisure time, as well as changes in aerobic fitness and body composition. Methods. Sixty overweight or obese children and adolescents were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. All participants received dietary advice and were encouraged to increase physical activity level. The intervention group additionally participated in 60-minute guided active play/physical activity twice a week for 5 months. Physical activity was recorded; aerobic fitness and body composition were measured at inclusion and after cessation of intervention. Results. Physical activity level during weekend days was significantly higher for the intervention group compared with the controls after 5 months intervention (p=0.04). The mean reduction in percentage of body fat was 1.8% (95%CI: 0.6, 3.1) in the intervention group (p=0.04) and not significant among the controls (0.9 [−0.9, 2.7]). There was no change in aerobic fitness. Conclusion. Five months of guided active play was associated with increased physical activity levels during weekend days and reduced body fat, although weakly, in overweight and obese children and adolescents participating in multi-disciplinary weight reduction programmes.

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Sõderstrõm, L.; Mowinckel, Petter ; Håland, Geir; Pettersen, Morten & Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2010). Asthma prediction in school children; the value of combined IgE-antibodies and obstructive airways disease severity score. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 65(9), p. 1134–1140. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02344.x.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter ; Granum, Berit & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2010). Can childhood asthma be predicted at birth? Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 40(12), p. 1767–1775. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03620.x.
• Hedlin, G.; Bush, A; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Wennergren, G; de Benedictis, FM & Melen, E [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2010). Problematic severe asthma in children, not one problem but many: a GA(2)LEN initiative. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 36(1), p. 196–201. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00104809.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Lødrup Carlsen, KC; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Granum, Berit; Doekes, G & Håland, G. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Childhood asthma and early life exposure to indoor allergens, endotoxin and beta(1,3)-glucans. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 40(2), p. 307–316. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03424.x.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Carlsen, KCL; Granum, Berit; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Håland, G & Devulapalli, CS [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2010). Do allergic families avoid keeping furry pets? Indoor Air. ISSN 0905-6947. 20(3), p. 187–195. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00640.x.
• Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Torjussen, Tale Mæhre; Gervin, Kristina; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Granum, Berit [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2010). CD14 polymorphisms and serum CD14 levels through childhood: A role for gene methylation? Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 125(6), p. 1361–1368. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.010.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2010). Rhinitis in children: Co-morbidities and phenotypes. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 21(4), p. 612–622. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01066.x.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Instanes, Christine; Granum, Berit; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Hetland, Geir & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2010). Gender differences in indoor allergen exposure and association with current rhinitis. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. ISSN 0954-7894. 40(9), p. 1388–1397. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03543.x.
• Heinzerling, L.; Burbach, G.; Cauwenberge, P. van; Papageorgiou, P.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Establishing a standardized quality management system for the European Health Network GA2LEN*. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 65(6), p. 743–752. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02235.x.
• Sachs Olsen, Christine; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter ; Håland, Geir; Devulapalli, Chandra S. & Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2010). Diagnostic value of exhaled nitric oxide in childhood asthma and allergy. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 21(1), p. E213–E221. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00965.x.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Haland, G & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2009). Natural history of lung function in health and diseases. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 1528-4050. 9(2), p. 146–150. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283292243.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2009). Alvorlig problematisk astma hos barn. Forekomst, kliniske karakteristika (fenotyper) og særlige hensyn. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. p. 8–11.
• Spyridaki, Irini S.; Christodoulou, Ioannis; de Beer, Lieke; Hovland, Vegard; Kurowski, Marcin & Olszewska-Ziaber, Agnieszka [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2009). Comparison of four nasal sampling methods for the detection of viral pathogens by RT-PCR-A GA(2)LEN project. Journal of Virological Methods. ISSN 0166-0934. 156(1-2), p. 102–106. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.10.027.
• Bjørnvold, Marit; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Egeland, Thore; Joner, Geir; Dahl-Jørgensen, Knut & Njølstad, Pål Rasmus [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2009). A TLR2 polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes and allergic asthma. Genes and Immunity. ISSN 1466-4879. 10(2), p. 181–187. doi: 10.1038/gene.2008.100.
• Berntsen Stølevik, Solvor; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Anderssen, SA; Mowinckel, P; Hageberg, R & Bueso, Anne Elisabeth Kørner [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Norwegian adolescents with asthma are physical active and fit. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 64(3), p. 421–426. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01845.x.
• Pillai, Sreekumar G.; Ge, Dongliang; Zhu, Guohua; Kong, Xiangyang; Shianna, Kevin V. & Need, Anna C. [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2009). A genome-wide association study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Identification of two major susceptibility loci. PLoS Genetics. ISSN 1553-7390. 5(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000421. Full text in Research Archive
• Berntsen, S; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Hageberg, R; Aandstad, A; Mowinckel, P & Anderssen, SA [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian children; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 64(8), p. 1166–1171. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01979.x.
• Bousquet, J; Burney, PG; Zuberbier, T; van Cauwenberge, P; Akdis, CA & Bindslev-Jensen, C [Show all 37 contributors for this article] (2009). GA(2)LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) addresses the allergy and asthma 'epidemic'. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 64(7), p. 969–977. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02059.x.
• Haland, G; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, P; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Devulapalli, Chandra S. & Berntsen, Sveinung [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Lung function at 10 yr is not impaired by early childhood lower respiratory tract infections. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 20(3), p. 254–260. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00781.x.
• Bousquet, J.; Bachert, C; Canonica, G.W.; Casale, TB; Cruz, AA & Lockey, R [Show all 88 contributors for this article] (2009). Unmet needs in severe chronic upper airway disease (SCUAD). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 124(3), p. 428–433. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.027.
• Berntsen, Sveinung; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Pollestad, Magnhild Louise & Joner, Geir [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Obese children playing towards an active lifestyle. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. ISSN 1747-7166. 13, p. 1–8.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2008). Pharmaceutical treatment strategies for childhood asthma. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 1528-4050. 8.
• Bousquet, J; Fokkens, W; Burney, P; Durham, SR; Bachert, C & Akdis, CA [Show all 41 contributors for this article] (2008). Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA(2)LEN paper. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 63, p. 842–853. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01715.x.
• Zhu, G; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Lenney, W; Silverman, M & Whyte, M. K. [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2008). Polymorphisms in the endothelin-1 (EDN1) are associated with asthma in two populations. Genes and Immunity. ISSN 1466-4879. 9(1), p. 23–29. doi: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364441. Show summary

  Endothelin-1 (EDN1) has been reported to be implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. Literature results on the genetic association of EDN1 in asthma are inconsistent. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms in EDN1 were genotyped in 342 and 100 families from UK and Norway, respectively. Asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) and atopic asthma phenotypes were analyzed for the family-based association. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with asthma (0.0017P0.0291), five with BHR (0.0026P0.0315) and three with atopic asthma (0.0016P0.041) in the UK population. Three SNPs were associated with asthma (0.0041P0.019), seven with BHR (0.0018P0.041) and two with atopic asthma (0.0123P0.0153) in the Norwegian population. A polymorphism (rs1800541) in the promoter region of EDN1 was replicated in the two populations. A nonsynonymous coding polymorphism (rs5370) resulting in a change of amino acid Asn to Lys at position 198 was also replicated. The results of haplotype-based association analyses strongly supported the ones of single SNP associations. This study demonstrates the significant evidence of association between polymorphisms in EDN1 and asthma

• Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Håland, Geir; Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Gervin, Kristina & Egeland, Thore [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2008). T cell–specific T-box transcription factor haplotype is associated with allergic asthma in children. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 121. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.068. Show summary

  BACKGROUND: T cell-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet) is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors regulating lineage commitment of T(H) lymphocytes toward a predominant T(H)1 phenotype. Asthma and allergy are common complex diseases characterized by T(H)2-mediated inflammation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess possible relationships between the T-bet gene (TBX21) and asthma and allergy in children. METHOD: Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TBX21 region were genotyped in 948 children from the Environment and Childhood Asthma study. Allele and haplotype frequencies were compared in children with and without asthma (by 10 years) and allergy (>/=1 positive skin prick test response), as well as for the quantitative traits bronchial hyperresponsiveness determined by means of methacholine bronchial challenge testing, lung function determined by means of forced flow volume loops, fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement, eosinophil count, and serum total IgE level. RESULTS: Allergic asthma was significantly associated with 2 of the tested SNPs (rs11650354 and rs16947078) and further associated with the particular haplotype including these SNPs, with homozygote status resulting in an odds ratio of 8.3 (95% CI, 2.5-26.9) for allergic asthma. Neither nonallergic asthma or "allergy alone" nor the remaining quantitative variables were associated with TBX21 SNPs or haplotypes. CONCLUSION: An association between a specific TBX21 haplotype and allergic asthma in children is demonstrated for the first time and might explain previously detected associations between SNPs within TBX21 and asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: T-bet genetics might identify individuals at risk for allergic asthma

• Devulapalli, CS; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Haland, G; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Pettersen, M & Mowinckel, P [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Severity of obstructive airways disease by age 2 years predicts asthma at 10 years of age. Thorax. ISSN 0040-6376. 63, p. 8–13. doi: 10.1136/thx.2006.060616.
• Lang, A; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Haaland, G; Devulapalli, CS; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng & Mowinckel, P [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2008). Severe asthma in childhood: assessed in 10 year olds in a birth cohort study. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 63, p. 1054–1060. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01672.x.
• Eller, E; Roll, S; Chen, CM; Herbarth, O; Wichmann, HE & von Berg, A [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2008). Meta-analysis of determinants for pet ownership in 12 European birth cohorts on asthma and allergies: a GA(2)LEN initiative. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 63, p. 1491–1498. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01790.x.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2008). Respiratory effects of tobacco smoking on infants and young children. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. ISSN 1526-0542. 9, p. 11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2007.11.007.
• Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Håland, Geir; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Pettersen, Morten & Mowinckel, Petter [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2007). No evidence that early use of inhaled corticosteroids reduces current asthma at 10 years of age. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 101, p. 1625–1632. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.03.011. Show summary

  Background It is debated whether early treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can change the natural course of childhood asthma. Aim To assess if ICS treatment before 2 years of age in children with obstructive airways disease reduces current asthma at 10 years of age. Methods Children with (n=233) and without (n=219) recurrent (r) bronchial obstruction (BO) attending clinical examination at 2 years of age in the birth cohort Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo, were reinvestigated at 10 years of age. Current asthma (CA) at 10 years was defined as asthma with either symptoms and/or asthma treatment during the last year, and/or 10% fall in forced expired volume in 1 s after standardized treadmill run. The risk of CA was assessed by logistic regression and propensity modelling (including gender, parental atopy and severity score at 2 years) in children with rBO who received ICS or not by 2 years. Results CA was found in 97 children, more often among rBO children with (56.9%) and without ICS treatment (30.8%) compared to no-BO children (5.5%) (p<0.001). In rBO children logistic regression analyses (adjusted odds ratio aOR (95% confidence interval)) identified male gender (aOR 1.82 (1.01–3.27), p=0.046) and severity score at 2 years 1.14 (1.03–1.28), (p=0.01), as significant and ICS treatment as non-significant 2.00 (0.98–4.12) risk factors for CA. With propensity modelling adjusting for disease severity, ICS treatment by 2 years caused a non-significant increased risk aOR of CA of 1.84 (0.89–3.82). Conclusion No evidence was found that early use of ICS before age two in children with rBO reduces current asthma 8 years later.

• Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Gerritsen, J.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Undlien, Dag Erik; Egeland, T & Skinningsrud, Beate [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2007). Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) polymorphisms and association with asthma, s-ECP levels and related phenotypes. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 62(4), p. 429–436. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01327.x. Show summary

  Background: Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a potent cytotoxic secretory protein with bactericidal and antiviral properties. ECP is released by activated eosinophils and regarded as a marker of eosinophilic inflammation. High levels of ECP have been reported in cases of active asthma and other allergic diseases. This study aimed to assess whether three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ECP gene (RNASE3) on chromosome 14 q24–q31 or their haplotypes are associated with asthma, allergy, or related phenotypes. Methods: The three SNPs −38CA, +371CG and +499CG in RNASE3 and their haplotypes were analyzed for associations with asthma, serum-ECP (s-ECP) levels, allergic sensitization (positive skin-prick test to common allergens), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) assessed by methacholine inhalation, and serum-IgE (s-IgE) levels in 177 families from Norway and the Netherlands identified through siblings with asthma. Results: Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) demonstrated significant associations between the A-G-G haplotype and asthma as well as the specific phenotypes allergic asthma (but not non-allergic asthma), high s-ECP, high s-IgE and BHR, while the C-G-G haplotype was associated with reduced occurrence of these traits. In addition, the −38A allele was associated with high s-ECP levels and allergic asthma. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the A-G-G haplotype in the RNASE3 gene influences the development of asthma, in particular, an allergic form of asthma. Furthermore, as the −38CA SNP lies in close vicinity of known intron-regulatory sites, results of SNP analysis suggest that the detected association is possibly linked to a genetic transcriptional control of s-ECP levels.

• Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Egeland, T; Håland, Geir & Devulapalli, Chandra S. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2007). HLA Dr-Dq haplotypes and the TNFA-308 polymorphism: associations with asthma and allergy. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 62(9), p. 991–998. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01377.x. Show summary

  Background: The HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genes DQB1 and DRB1 and the Tumor Necrosis Factor α gene (TNFA) within the HLA complex (chromosome 6p21) have been associated with asthma and allergy. Due to the strong linkage disequilibrium characterizing this complex and the multiple asthma/allergy expressions, we aimed to determine which of these genes were primarily involved in specific asthma/allergy traits. Methods: The DRB1–DQB1 alleles and TNFA-308 polymorphism were genotyped in 959 children from the Environment and Childhood Asthma study and analyzed for possible associations with allergic and non-allergic asthma (with/without at least one positive skin prick test for allergens) and specific allergic sensitization, as well as bronchial hyperresponsiveness and total IgE, using both allele and extended haplotype analyses. Results: Different genes within the HLA complex were associated with separate asthma and allergy traits. Nonallergic asthma was associated with both the TNFA-308A allele [Odds ratio (OR) 1.7 (1.3–2.3)] and DRB1*03 allele [OR 1.6(1–2.6)], but extended DRB1*03-TNFA-308 haplotype analysis suggested that the DRB1–DQB1 association was secondary to linkage disequilibrium with the TNFA-308 polymorphism. Allergies were associated with HLA class II alleles only; birch sensitization with DQB1*0603-DRB1*13 [OR 2.3 (1.4–4.0)] and mugwort sensitization with DQB1*0609-DRB1*13 [OR 7.1 (1.9–27.0)] and DQB1*0501-DRB1*01 [OR 2.0 (1.0–4.0)]. Conclusions: Our data suggests that asthma is not associated with DRB1 or DQB1 but rather TNFA or a gene(s) in linkage disequilibrium, while sensitization to specific allergens is associated with particular alleles at the DQ and/or DR loci. A novel association between DQB1*0603-DRB1*13 and birch allergy is identified

• Håland, Geir; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Pettersen, Morten; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2007). Lung function development in the first 2 yr of life is independent of allergic diseases by 2 yr. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 18(6), p. 528–534. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00555.x. Show summary

  The aim of the study was to assess if lung function at birth predicts lung function at 2 yr and secondly, if lung function development was influenced by the common phenotypes of recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) or atopic eczema (AE) by 2 yr. Lung function was assessed at birth (n = 802) and at 2 yr within the prospective birth cohort study ‘the Environment and Childhood Asthma Study’ in Oslo. The 135 children with lung function measured at birth by tidal flow volume (TFV) loops and passive respiratory mechanics, who were included in a nested case–control study were reinvestigated at 2 yr with clinical examination, TFV loops (n = 90) (mean age 26.6 (3.7 s.d.) months), skin prick test and parental interview. Children were categorized into quartiles (lower, middle two, upper) according to time to peak tidal expiratory flow/total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) at birth as well as clinical phenotype based on the presence of rBO and/or AE (ever) by 2 yr. The observed reduction in mean tPTEF/tE from birth to 2 yr within the quartiles, were not significantly different after controlling for ‘regression to the mean’. tPTEF/tE at birth correlated significantly with tPTEF/tE at 2 yr, (r = 0.475, p < 0.001). Children with both rBO and AE by 2 yr had significantly lower tPTEF/tE at 2 yr (p = 0.002) and at birth (p = 0.027), compared with children with no rBO or AE. Clinical phenotype at 2 yr did not influence the change in tPTEF/tE from birth to 2 yr. This study demonstrates a clear tracking of lung function from birth, not influenced by rBO or AE by 2 yr.

• Madsen, Christian; Hoek, Gerard; Oftedal, Bente Margaret; Nafstad, Per; Meliefste, Kees & Jacobsen, Randi [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2007). Modeling the intra-urban variability of outdoor traffic pollution in Oslo, Norway - A GA(2)LEN project. Atmospheric Environment. ISSN 1352-2310. 41(35), p. 7500–7511. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.039.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Håland, Geir; Devulapalli, Chandra Sekhar; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Pettersen, Morten & Granum, B. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2006). Asthma in every fifth child in Oslo, Norway: a 10-year follow up of a birth cohort study. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 61, p. 454–460. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00938. Show summary

  Background: The western world's increase in childhood asthma is suggested to level off. We aimed to investigate asthma prevalence in 10-year-old children within the prospective birth cohort Environment and Childhood Asthma (ECA) Study in Oslo established in 1992/1993. Subjects and methods: Six hundred and sixteen (77%) of 803 children (mean age 10.9 ± 0.9 (SD) years) with lung function measurements at birth were reinvestigated at age 10 years. At birth they corresponded to the entire birth cohort (n = 3754) regarding gender, socio-demographic factors, parental allergic diseases, pet keeping and maternal smoking. Results from structured parental interview, spirometry, and skin prick test for inhalant and food allergens are presented. Asthma definition required minimum two positive criteria, (i) doctor's diagnosis of asthma, (ii) wheeze and/or chest tightness, (iii) use of anti-asthmatic treatment. Current asthma required asthma definition plus either (ii) and/or (iii) in the last 12 months, and/or ≥10% fall in forced expired volume in 1 s after treadmill running. Results: Lifetime prevalence of asthma was 20.2%; current asthma 11.1%, doctor diagnosis of asthma 16.1% and wheezes ever 30.3%. Allergic sensitization (29.3% overall) was more common among children with current (56.3%) compared to asymptomatic (last 12 months) (26.0%) or no asthma (27.6%) (P < 0.001). Boys more often than girls had current asthma (14.4 vs 7.1%, P = 0.004), wheeze ever (36.9 vs 22.5%, P = 0.002) and allergic sensitization (36.2 vs 22.1%, respectively, P < 0.001).

• Lødrup Carlsen, Karin Cecilie; Håland, Geir; Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Munthe-Kaas, Monica; Pettersen, Morten & Granum, Berit [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2006). Asthma in every fifth child in Oslo, Norway: a 10-year follow up of a birth cohort study. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 61(4), p. 454–460. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00938.x. Show summary

  BACKGROUND: The western world's increase in childhood asthma is suggested to level off. We aimed to investigate asthma prevalence in 10-year-old children within the prospective birth cohort Environment and Childhood Asthma (ECA) Study in Oslo established in 1992/1993. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six hundred and sixteen (77%) of 803 children (mean age 10.9 +/- 0.9 (SD) years) with lung function measurements at birth were reinvestigated at age 10 years. At birth they corresponded to the entire birth cohort (n = 3754) regarding gender, socio-demographic factors, parental allergic diseases, pet keeping and maternal smoking. Results from structured parental interview, spirometry, and skin prick test for inhalant and food allergens are presented. Asthma definition required minimum two positive criteria, (i) doctor's diagnosis of asthma, (ii) wheeze and/or chest tightness, (iii) use of anti-asthmatic treatment. Current asthma required asthma definition plus either (ii) and/or (iii) in the last 12 months, and/or > or = 10% fall in forced expired volume in 1 s after treadmill running. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of asthma was 20.2%; current asthma 11.1%, doctor diagnosis of asthma 16.1% and wheezes ever 30.3%. Allergic sensitization (29.3% overall) was more common among children with current (56.3%) compared to asymptomatic (last 12 months) (26.0%) or no asthma (27.6%) (P < 0.001). Boys more often than girls had current asthma (14.4 vs 7.1%, P = 0.004), wheeze ever (36.9 vs 22.5%, P = 0.002) and allergic sensitization (36.2 vs 22.1%, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Childhood asthma apparently continues to increase in Oslo, having affected every fifth 10-year-old child.

• Lødrup Carlsen, Karin Cecilie; Løvik, Martinus; Granum, Berit; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2006). Soluble CD14 at 2 yr of age: Gender-related effects of tobacco smoke exposure, recurrent infections and atopic diseases. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 17(4), p. 304–312. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00412.x. Show summary

  The endotoxin receptor soluble CD14 (sCD14) has been implicated in the 'hygiene hypothesis' suggesting reduced allergic sensitization with bacterial stimulation. However, the relationship between early life sCD14 and allergic diseases is conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether possible risk factors for allergic diseases were associated with sCD14 levels at 2 yr of age. In the nested case-control study of the birth cohort studies 'Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo' 411 children selected with recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) (n=241) and no bronchial obstruction (n=170) by 2 yr were investigated with skin prick test and structured parental interview at age 2 yr. Exposure to tobacco smoke, pets and infections was recorded semi-annually by questionnaires (0-2 yr). The sCD14 was analysed from frozen, stored serum by ELISA technique. Regression analyses were performed in all subjects with complete data (n=406, 180 girls), and in girls and in boys separately. Mean sCD14 (ng/ml) was significantly higher among girls 2035 (1973-2096) vs. 1947 (1890-2004) (boys). The sCD14 was significantly reduced among girls exposed to antenatal maternal smoking and with parental asthma, after adjusting for age, parental rhino-conjunctivitis, pet keeping and childhood infections. Recurrent otitis media (OM) increased and common colds significantly decreased sCD14 levels in girls. Boys with atopic dermatitis and rBO had reduced sCD14. Pet exposure was not significantly associated with sCD14. We report novel gender-related effects of sCD14 in early life and suggest that gender, tobacco smoke exposure, age and middle ear disease in particular should be accounted for when assessing the role of sCD14 in childhood allergic diseases.

• Haland, G; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Sandvik, L; Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng & Pettersen, M [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2006). Reduced Lung Function at Birth and the Risk of Asthma at 10 Years of Age. New England Journal of Medicine. ISSN 0028-4793. 355(16), p. 1682–1689. Show summary

  Background Reduced lung function in early infancy has been associated with later obstructive airway diseases. We assessed whether reduced lung function shortly after birth predicts asthma 10 years later. Methods We conducted a prospective birth cohort study of healthy infants in which we measured lung function shortly after birth with the use of tidal breathing flow-volume loops (the fraction of expiratory time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time [tPTEF/tE]) in 802 infants and passive respiratory mechanics, including respiratory-system compliance, in 664 infants. At 10 years of age, 616 children (77%) were reassessed by measuring lung function, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (by means of a methacholine challenge) and by conducting a structured interview to determine whether there was a history of asthma or current asthma. Results As compared with children whose tPTEF/tE shortly after birth was above the median, children whose tPTEF/tE was at or below the median were more likely at 10 years of age to have a history of asthma (24.3% vs. 16.2%, P=0.01), to have current asthma (14.6% vs. 7.5%, P=0.005), and to have severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness, defined as a methacholine dose of less than 1.0 µmol causing a 20% fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (9.1% vs. 4.9%, P=0.05). As compared with children whose respiratory-system compliance was above the median, children with respiratory compliance at or below the median more often had a history of asthma (27.4% vs. 14.8%; P=0.001) and current asthma (15.0% vs. 7.7%, P=0.009), although this measure was not associated with later measurements of lung function. At 10 years of age, tPTEF/tE at birth correlated weakly with the maximal midexpiratory flow rate (r=0.10, P=0.01) but not with FEV1 or forced vital capacity.

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2006). Miljø og barneastmastudien i Oslo. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462.
• Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Skinningsrud, Beate; Håland, Geir & Devulapalli, Chandra S. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2006). CFTR gene mutations and asthma in the Norwegian Environment and Childhood Asthma study. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 100(12), p. 2121–2128. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.03.026. Show summary

  Summary Background Several candidate genes have been implicated in the etiology of asthma, including the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Mutations in the CFTR gene result in derangements of mucociliary clearance. Homozygotes for CFTR mutations develop cystic fibrosis (CF), a disorder characterized mainly by lung and pancreas disease. Objective To investigate whether there was an increased frequency of CFTR mutations in asthma patients. Methods Seven hundred and three subjects aged 10–11 years from the environment and childhood asthma (ECA) study were included in the present study. Possible associations between asthma, reduced lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and increased or decreased nitrogen oxide (NO) levels (based on structural parental interview, spirometry, PD20 methacholine challenge test and exhaled NO measurements), and the five most common CFTR mutations in Norway (ΔF508, R117H, R117C, 4005+2T→C, 394delTT), the modulating polymorphisms IVS8(TG)mTn and the IVS8-5T were investigated. Results No association were found between asthma, reduced lung function, BHR or exhaled NO levels and CF heterozygosity. However, the IVS8(TG)11T7 haplotype was associated with normal lung function. Conclusions Our results do not support the hypothesis that CFTR mutations or polymorphisms play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma in children. However, the distribution of Tn(TG)m haplotypes differed between individuals with reduced lung function and individuals with normal lung function

• Njå, Frode; Nystad, Wenche; Hetlevik, Ø.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2005). Effects of early intake of fruit or vegetables in relation to later asthma and allergic sensitization in school-age children. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 94(2), p. 145–154. Show summary

  AIM: To assess the associations between nutrition supplements in infancy and later asthma and allergy in school-age children, and to explore the impact of environmental factors in early life. METHODS: Five hundred and two children underwent clinical examination, skin prick test and a second parentally completed questionnaire within 2 y of a cross-sectional questionnairebased study, including 4585 primary school children (6-16 y old) in 1994 from urban Oslo (37%), the mountainous area of Hallingdal (42%), and the industrial, coastal area of Odda (21%). The children were selected from the 1994 survey on the basis of reported diagnosed asthma (n=166), wheeze in the last 12 mo (n=155) and no asthma/no wheeze (n=181). Questions were related to nutrition and environmental exposure in early life. Possible associations between allergic sensitization or asthma at school age and exposures were estimated by logistic regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Daily intake of fresh fruit or vegetables, but not extra vitamins or cod liver oil supplements, in infancy decreased the risk of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.88). Early supplements of cod liver oil and extra vitamins were associated with increased allergic sensitization (aOR 1.78 (95% CI: 1.03-3.07) and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.01-2.88), respectively). A significantly higher prevalence of allergic sensitization was found in children living in Hallingdal compared to Odda, while the latter children, on the other hand, had the highest prevalence of house dust mite allergy (p = 0.001 vs Hallingdal and p = 0.04 vs Oslo). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the early introduction of daily fresh fruit or vegetables may decrease the risk of asthma after 1 y of life, whereas allergic sensitization at school age seemed to increase with extra vitamin and cod liver oil supplements during infancy. Living area influenced allergic sensitization, with differences between coastal and inland areas.

• Heinzerling, L.; Frew, A.J.; Bindslev-Jensen, C.; Bonini, S.; Bousquet, J. & Bresciani, M. [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2005). Standard skin prick testing and sensitization to inhalant allergens across Europe - a survey from the GA(2)LEN network. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 60(10), p. 1287–1300. Show summary

  Skin prick testing (SPT) is the standard method for diagnosing allergic sensitization but is to some extent performed differently in clinical centres across Europe. There would be advantages in harmonizing the standard panels of allergens used in different European countries, both for clinical purposes and for research, especially with increasing mobility within Europe and current trends in botany and agriculture. As well as improving diagnostic accuracy, this would allow better comparison of research findings in European allergy centres. We have compared the different SPT procedures operating in 29 allergy centres within the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN). Standard SPT is performed similarly in all centres, e.g. using commercial extracts, evaluation after 15-20 min exposure with positive results defined as a wheal >3 mm diameter. The perennial allergens included in the standard SPT panel of inhalant allergens are largely similar (e.g. cat: pricked in all centres; dog: 26 of 29 centres and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus: 28 of 29 centres) but the choice of pollen allergens vary considerably, reflecting different exposure and sensitization rates for regional inhalant allergens. This overview may serve as reference for the practising doctor and suggests a GA(2)LEN Pan-European core SPT panel

• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2005). Parental Smoking and Childhood Asthma: Clinical Implications. Treatments in Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 1176-3450. 4(5), p. 337–346. Show summary

  Environmental tobacco smoke and constituents are global risks for human health. Considerable evidence shows that environmental tobacco smoke exposure contributes to, and exacerbates, respiratory disorders. This review assesses the causal role of environmental tobacco smoke exposure for childhood respiratory disorders, and in particular asthma. Tobacco smoke and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy have an effect upon lung function in newborn infants; exposure after birth also has an effect upon lung function. An effect upon bronchial responsiveness has been suggested but the evidence is not as strong as for lung function. From 1997 to 1999 a comprehensive set of systematic reviews concerning the relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory health in children summarized the results from hundreds of published papers. The evidence for a causal relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthmatic symptoms on the one hand, and between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and reduction in lung function on the other hand, was quite strong, whereas the evidence between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and development of allergy was much weaker. Here we present an overview of the effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on lung health in children. A hypothesis has been put forward regarding upregulation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in relationship to mechanisms of tobacco smoke products (TSP)-induced pulmonary disease. It has also been reported that genetic variation makes part of the population especially vulnerable to environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy. Furthermore, there is a need for intervention to reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure in young children, by educating parents and adolescents about the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Studies are needed to identify possible critical periods when environmental tobacco smoke exposure is more likely to induce harmful effects on lung health in young children in order to implement effective preventive strategies.

• Størdal, Ketil; JOHANNESDOTTIR, GROA; Bentsen, Beint Sigmund; Knudsen, Per Kristian; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Closs, O [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2005). Acid suppression does not change respiratory symptoms in children with asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Archives of Disease in Childhood. ISSN 0003-9888. 90(9), p. 956–960.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Stick, S.; Kamin, W; Cirule, I; Hughes, Simon & Wixon, C. (2005). The efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate in very young children with persistent asthma symptoms. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 22.
• Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Håland, Geir; Pettersen, Morten; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2004). Effect of inhaled steroids on lung function in young children: a cohort study. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 6(23), p. 869–875. Show summary

  The objectives of the present study were to determine the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for treating recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) in young children up to 2 yrs of age and to assess possible modifying effects of ICS on lung function in young children with rBO. From an observational, noninterventional birth cohort of 3,754 newborn children (3,697 with complete questionnaire data by 2 yrs of age), 306 children with documented rBO by age 2 yrs (cases) were identified along with 306 matched controls. Two tidal flow/volume measurements were taken, one at presentation of disease (children were steroid naive) and one at 2 yrs of age (mean age 11.2 and 25.6 months, respectively), from: 21 cases who subsequently received ICS (ICS+); 33 who did not (ICS-); and in 15 controls. The mean +/- SD duration of ICS treatment was 10.3 +/- 6.5 months. The main outcomes were treatment with ICS and baseline ratio of time to peak expiratory flow/total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE). From the entire cohort, 77 children (2.1%) and 21% of children with rBO had received ICS by 2 yrs of age. Baseline tPTEF/tE was significantly lower at the first visit only in ICS+ as compared to ICS- subjects, as well as in ICS+ and ICS- as compared to controls. The mean difference in baseline tPTEF/tE from first to second visit was borderline statistically significant in the ICS+ group only and correlated significantly with duration of ICS treatment. The present observational cohort study demonstrated that one-fifth of young children with recurrent bronchial obstruction had received inhaled corticosteroids. Early inhaled corticosteroid treatment improved lung function by age 2 yrs, mostly in those with the longest duration of treatment.

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Pettersen, Morten & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2004). Is bronchodilator response in 2-yr-old children associated with asthma risk factors? Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 15(4), p. 323–330. Show summary

  Factors that might influence lung function bronchodilator response by 2 yr of age is largely unknown, thus we aimed to assess this in the 'Environment and Childhood asthma' (ECA) study in Oslo. A clinical investigation at mean age 26 months was attended by 516 (84%) children included in a nested case-control study [children with recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO)] (n = 265) and controls without a history of lower respiratory disease (n = 251). Tidal lung function measures before and after inhaled nebulized salbutamol (bronchodilator response) (when clinically without BO) were obtained in 46%. Clinical characteristics and personal and family history of allergic/respiratory diseases (asthma risk factors) were ascertained by structured interview and clinical examination. Allergic sensitization was assessed by skin prick test/specific IgE antibody analyses to common allergens. Mean (95% CI) per cent change in time to reach peak flow/total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) from before to after salbutamol was significantly larger in children with rBO [17.3 (9.4-25.3) than controls (2.2 (7.7 to 3.0)]. The bronchodilator response increased significantly (p = 0.001) with increasing number of asthma risk factors, but was not significantly associated with allergic sensitization, parental 'atopy', or maternal smoking alone. Children treated with inhaled corticosteroids had greater bronchodilator response than those treated with bronchodilators alone. Bronchodilator response in asymptomatic 2-yr-old children was most closely associated with the presence of rBO, but increasing number of asthma risk factors and treatment with inhaled corticosteroids were associated with increased bronchodilator response

• Munthe-Kaas, Monica Cheng; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Helms, Peter J; Gerritsen, J.; Whyte, Moira & Feijen, Marlies [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2004). CTLA-4 polymorphisms in allergy and asthma and the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 114, p. 280–287.
• Håland, Geir; Melby, Kjetil K.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Skar, Anne Grete; Pettersen, Morten & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2004). Are Chlamydia Pneumoniae and Mycoplasma Pheumoniae serum antibodies associated with obstructive airways disease in 2 year old children? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 1073-449X. 169(7).
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). Sports Medicine, the lung and growing up. In Bush, Andy; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Zach, M. (Ed.), European Respiratory Monograph: Growing up with lung disease. The lung in transition from childhood to adulthood. European Respiratory Monograph. ISSN 1-904097-22-7. p. 174–188.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). Sports medicine, the lung and growing up. European Respiratory Monograph. ISSN 1025-448X. 7, p. 174–188.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Buchmann, M.S.; Wickstrøm, J. & Mehl, R. (2002). Cockroach sensitivity in Norway: a previously unidentified problem? Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 57, p. 529–533. Show summary

  Background: Little is known about cockroach sensitisation in Scandinavia, whereas cockroach is implicated in allergic diseases throughout large parts of the world. In association with the Genetics of Asthma International Network study, we report sensitivity to cockroaches and it¡¦s possible association with atopic diseases in Norway. Methods: 100 Norwegian families (426 subjects) of 7-35 years old sib-pairs with asthma and their parents underwent questionnaire/interview (medical and exposure history), skin prick test (SPT) to common local inhalant allergens and German cockroach, and specific IgE to mites, mosquito, shrimp and cockroach. Cockroach sensitivity was defined as positive (¿d3 mm) skin prick test and/or s-IgE ¿d class 2. Results: Thirty-one subjects (7.5%) were sensitised (five mono-sensitised) to cockroach (27 by skin prick test and seven by s-IgE (all with additional inhalant allergy)). Co-sensitisation was most commonly to grass (in 61 %), cat (48 %), dog (48%) and mite (42%). Reported allergic diseases in cockroach sensitive subjects were asthma and rhinitis (n=10), asthma only (n=9), rhinitis only (n=2) and neither asthma nor rhinitis (n=10). Conclusion: Since cockroach sensitivity was relatively frequent in Norwegian atopic families, albeit unclear clinical implications, we suggest that cockroach allergy should be considered in subjects with atopic respiratory disease.

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). Tobakk ved livets start, hva med barnas luftveier? Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 1, p. 46–54. Show summary

  Alle vet at røyking er skadelig. Men hva tror vi og hva vet vi om tidlig eksponering, og hvordan og hvorfor er effektene som de er? Denne oversikten vil fokusere på effekter på de nedre luftveiene og allergiutvikling ved eksponering til tobakksprodukter ved starten av livet.

• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). Exersice-induced asthma. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. ISSN 1526-0542. 3, p. 154–160.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). Lungefunksjonsmålinger hos spedbarn og småbarn. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 3, p. 38–42. Show summary

  Lungefunksjonsmålinger hos små barn har vært lite utbredt innen klinisk praksis fordi målinger medfører ekstra utfordringer hos de minste. Utvikling av nye metoder vil komme til å gi nye muligheter for diagnostikk og innsikt i utviklingen av lungefunksjonen hos små barn. Det vil stilles helt spesielle krav til disse målingene. Denne oversikten vil omhandle lungefunksjonsmålinger av barn som ikke er intubert og fokusere på gjennomføringen av de vanligste målemetoder fremfor nytteverdien i ulike sammenhenger.

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Nikander, Kurt; Leegaard, Jens; Steen-Johnsen, Jon; Winsnes, A. & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Nebulised Budesonide in the treatment of recurrent obstructive episodes after acute bronchiolitis. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 12, p. 159–165.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Nikander, Kurt; Leegaard, Jens; Steen-Johnsen, Jon; Winsnes, A. & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Nebulised Budesonide in the treatment of recurrent obstructive episodes after acute bronchiolitis. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 12, p. 159–165.
• Tangsrud, S. E.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Pettersen, I. Lund & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Lung function in preschool children with spinal muscular atrophy. Archives of Disease in Childhood. ISSN 0003-9888. 84, p. 521–524.
• Tangsrud, S. E.; Pettersen, I. Lund; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Lung function in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 12, p. 898–902.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Effects of maternal and early tobacco exposure on the development of asthma and airway hyperreactivity. Current opinion in Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 1214-472X. 1, p. 139–143.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Nikander, Kurt; Leegaard, Jens; Havnen, Johan & Steen-Johnsen, Jon [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2001). Nebulized budesonide after hospitalization for recurrent bronchial obstruction in children younger than 18 months. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 12, p. 159–165.
• Tangsrud, S. E.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Pettersen, I. Lund & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Lung function measurements in young children with spinal muscular atrophy; a cross sectional survey. The effect of position and bracing. Archives of Disease in Childhood. ISSN 0003-9888. 84, p. 521–524.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Effects of maternal and early tobacco exposure on the development of asthma and airway hyperreactivity. Current opinion in Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 1214-472X. 1, p. 139–143.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2000). Inhaled nebulized adrenaline improves lung function in infants with acute bronchiolitis. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 94, p. 709–714.
• Jonasson, G.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Leegaard, Jens; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, P. & Halvorsen, K.S. (2000). Trends in hospital admissions for childhood asthma in Oslo, Norway, 1980-95. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 55, p. 232–239.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2000). Pedigene studien. Allergologen. ISSN 0332-8295. 1, p. 34–37.
• Jonasson, G.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, P.; Leegaard, Jens & Halvorsen, K. (2000). Trends in hospital admissions for childhood asthma in Oslo 1980-1995. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 55, p. 232–239.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2000). The effect of inhaled nebulised racemic adrenaline upon lungfunction in infants with bronchiolitis. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 94(7), p. 709–714.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2000). Tidal breathing at all ages. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. ISSN 1122-0643. 55, p. 427–434.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Nafstad, Per & Bakketeig, Leif S. (1999). Perinatal risk factors for recurrent wheeze in early life. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 10, p. 89–95.
• Nafstad, Per; Øie, Leif; Mehl, R.; Gaarder, P. I.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Botten, Grete Synøve [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (1998). Residential dampness problems and symptoms and signs of bronchial obstruction in young Norwegian children. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 1073-449X. 157, p. 410–414.
• Magnus, Per; Nafstad, Per; Øie, Leif; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Becher, Georg & Kongerud, Johny [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (1998). Exposure to NO2 and bronchial obstruction in young children. International Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0300-5771. 27, p. 995–999.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Halvorsen, Ragnvald & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (1998). Serum inflammatory markers and possible effects of age and tobacco smoke exposure in young non-asthmatic children. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 87, p. 559–564.
• Nafstad, Per; Oie, L; Gaarder, P. I.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Botten, Grete Synøve & Magnus, Per [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (1998). Residential dampness problems and the risk of bronchial obstruction in young Norwegian children. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 1073-449X. 157, p. 410–414.
• Djupesland, Per Gisle & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1998). Nasal airway dimensions do not affect lung function in awake healthy neonates. Pediatric Pulmonology. ISSN 8755-6863. 25, p. 99–106.
• Magnus, Per; Nafstad, Per; Øie, Leif; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Becher, Georg & Kongerud, Johny [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (1998). Exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the occurrency of bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years. International Journal of Epidemiology. ISSN 0300-5771. 27, p. 995–999.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Jaakkola, J. J. K.; Nafstad, Per & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (1997). In utero exposure to cigarette smoking influences lung function at birth. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 10, p. 1774–1779.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Magnus, Per & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (1994). Lung function by tidal breathing in awake healthy newborns and infants. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 7, p. 1600–1668.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1994). Tidal breathing analysis in awake young children with and without asthma, and their response to salbutamol. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 7, p. 2154–2159.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (1993). Ling function in healthy infants the five first days of life. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 6, p. 1496–1500.
• Kristjansson, Sigurdur; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Wennergren, Goran; Strannegaard, I-L. & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (1993). Nebulised racemic adrenaline in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants and toddlers. Archives of Disease in Childhood. ISSN 0003-9888. 69, p. 650–654.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Svindland, Aud; Refvem, Olav Kaare & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (1992). Plutselig uventet doed og nesten doed hos barn med astma. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 112, p. 620–622.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Nikander, Kurt & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (1992). How much nebulised Budesonide reaches infants and toddlers for inhalation? Archives of Disease in Childhood. ISSN 0003-9888. 67, p. 1077–1079.

View all works in Cristin

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2010). Asthma and Allergy in Childhood: Prediction and Early Diagnosis. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISBN 978-4-431-99361-2. 755 p.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Staff, Anne Cathrine; Arnesen, Harald; Bechensteen, Anne Grete; Jacobsen, Anne Flem & Omenaas, Ernst (2009). Forskningshåndboken. Fra ide til publikasjon. 4. utgave 2009. Oslo universitetssykehus HF. ISBN 978-82-473-0022-0. 182 p.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Staff, Anne Cathrine; Arnesen, Harald; Bechensteen, Anne Grete; Jacobsen, Anne Flem & Omenaas, Ernst (2009). The Research Handbook, From Idea to Publication. Oslo universitetssykehus HF. ISBN 978-82-473-0022-0. 182 p. Show summary

  Engelsk nettversjon av Forskningshåndboken 2009.

View all works in Cristin

• Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Skjerven, Håvard Ove & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2021). Fuktighetskrem og oljebad forebygger ikke atopisk eksem. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 141(2), p. 1–3. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0884.
• Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Becher, Rune; Alexander, Jan; Vist, Gunn Elisabeth; Grimsrud, Tom Kristian & Valen, Håkon [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). Snus i svangerskapet er en fare for barnet. Journalen: Medlemsblad for Oslo legeforening.
• Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Hunderi, Jon Olav; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Nordhagen, Live Solveig & Berents, Teresa Løvold [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). Allergic sensitisation in infants younger than one year of age. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. p. 1–4. doi: 10.1111/pai.13135.
• Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Winger, A. J.; Landrø, Linn Aina Ysland; Asarnoj, A; Berents, Teresa Løvold & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2019). Dry skin and skin barrier in early infancy. British Journal of Dermatology. ISSN 0007-0963. doi: 10.1111/bjd.17626.
• Nordhagen, Live Solveig; Kreyberg, Ina; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Becher, Rune; Alexander, Jan & Glavin, Kari [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Bruk av snus og nikotinerstatningsprodukter i svangerskap og under amming - en trussel for barnets helse.
• Kunst, Natalia R.; Lindvik, Helene; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Håland, Geir; Jørgensen, Eivind & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2018). Diagnosing Peanut Allergy in Children: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Diagnostic Algorithms.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Rehbinder, Eva Maria; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Monica Hauger; Fatnes, Thea Aspelund & Fugeli, Pål [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2018). Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in Children-the PreventADALL study. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 73(10), p. 2063–2070. doi: 10.1111/all.13468.
• Kreyberg, Ina; Nordhagen, Live Solveig; Bains, Karen Eline Stensby; Hilde, Katarina; Skjerven, Håvard Ove & Nordlund, Bjørn [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2017). Is tobacco products by 18 weeks pregnancy outdated in Scandinavia?
• Bousquet, Jean; Farrell, J; Crooks, G; Hellings, P; Bel, EH & Bewick, M [Show all 321 contributors for this article] (2017). Erratum to: Scaling up strategies of the chronic respiratory disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5)(Clin Transl Allergy (2016) 6 (29) DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0116-9). Clinical and Translational Allergy. ISSN 2045-7022. 7:5, p. 1–5. doi: 10.1186/s13601-016-0135-6.
• Melby, Kjetil K.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Haaland, Geir; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Kai Håkon (2017). Antistoffnivåer mot Helicobacter pylori ved 16 års alder relatert til Astma.
• Melby, Kjetil K.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Håland, Geir; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2017). Antibody levels to Helicobacter pylori infections at 16 years of age in relation to allergic disease. Helicobacter. ISSN 1083-4389. 22, p. 114–114.
• Melby, Kjetil K.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Håland, Geir; Samdal, Helvi Holm; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2017). Cod liver oil consumption and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections at 2, 10 and 16 years of age. Helicobacter. ISSN 1083-4389. 22, p. 96–97. doi: 10.1111/hel.12416.
• Bousquet, Jean; Agache, Ioana; Antó, Jósep Maria; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Bachert, Claus & Annesi-Maesano, Isabella I. [Show all 36 contributors for this article] (2017). Google Trends terms reporting rhinitis and related topics differ in European countries. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 72(8), p. 1261–1266. doi: 10.1111/all.13137.
• Westergren, Thomas; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter; Fegran, Liv & Berntsen, Sveinung (2016). Basic self-reports as an indicator of physical activity. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 48. doi: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA1253.
• Westergren, Thomas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Ommundsen, Yngvar; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Aagaard, Hanne & Hall, Elisabeth O.C. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Advancing nursing science through multidisciplinary collaboration: experiences from the field of physical activity in children with asthma.
• Bousquet, Jean; Bewick, M; Cano, A; Eklund, P; Fico, G & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Erratum to: Building bridges for innovation in ageing: Synergies between action groups of the EIP on AHA. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. ISSN 1279-7707. Published ahead of print, p. 1–1. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0850-7.
• Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Alm, Johan; Bakkeheim, Egil; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Hunderi, Jon Olav [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). The relationship between Quality of Life and morning salivary cortisol after acute bronchiolitis in infancy.
• Westergren, Thomas; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Håland, Geir; Fegran, Liv & Berntsen, Sveinung [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). EXERCISE INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION IN CHILDREN WITHOUT ASTHMA.
• Hovland, Vegard; Riiser, Amund; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2014). Early-life wheeze: "the Child is father of the Man" / Comment on The significance of early recurrent wheeze for asthma outcomes in late childhood. [Eur Respir J. 2013]. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 43(2), p. 651–651. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00103313.
• Lindvik, Helene; Mowinckel, Petter ; Navaratnam, Jesintha; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Borres, Magnus & Kvenshagen, Bente [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2014). Does peanut allergen conjunctival provocation test reflect specific IgE levels to peanut? Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 133(2), p. AB110–AB110.
• Berents, Teresa Løvold; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter ; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Kvenshagen, Bente & Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2013). Staphylococcus aureus colonization and skin barrier function in infants with and without eczema - a cross-sectional cohort study. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 68, p. 159–159.
• Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2013). Inhaled Adrenaline in Acute Bronchiolitis Reply. New England Journal of Medicine. ISSN 0028-4793. 369(11), p. 1076–1077.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Fæste, Christiane Kruse; Granum, Berit; Egaas, Eliann; London, Stephanie J. & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Food Allergens in Mattress Dust in Norwegian Homes: a Significant Source of Allergen Exposure?
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Fæste, Christiane Kruse; Granum, Berit; Egaas, Eliann; London, Stephanie J. & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Food allergens in mattress dust in Norwegian homes: a significant source of allergen exposure? Clinical and Translational Allergy. ISSN 2045-7022. 3. doi: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-S3-O3.
• Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Bakkeheim, Egil; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2013). The influence of acute bronchiolitis in infancy on later quality of life.
• Westergren, Thomas; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Fegran, Liv & Berntsen, Sveinung (2013). Self-reported exercise limitations in asthmatic adolescents.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Custovic, Adnan (2012). Lung development and the role of asthma and allergy. In Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Gerritsen, Jorrit (Ed.), Paediatric Asthma. European Respiratory Society. ISSN 9781849840194. p. 82–97.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2012). Physical exercise, training and sports in asthmatic children and adolscents. In Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Gerritsen, Jorrit (Ed.), Paediatric Asthma. European Respiratory Society. ISSN 9781849840194. p. 49–59.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2012). Asthma in children: the road to individual asthma phenotypes. In Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Gerritsen, Jorrit (Ed.), Paediatric Asthma. European Respiratory Society. ISSN 9781849840194. p. 1–10.
• Rolfsjord, Leif Bjarte; Skjerven, Håvard Ove; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Bakkeheim, Egil; Mowinckel, Petter & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2012). Quality of life after acute bronchiolitis in infancy.
• Bakkeheim, Egil; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2011). Paracetamol exposure during breastfeeding and risk of allergic disease. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 100(7), p. e3–e3. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02340.x.
• Hedlin, G.; Eber, E.; Aurora, P.; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Ratjen, F. & Dankert-Roels, J.E. [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2010). Paediatric respiratory disease: past, present and future Paediatric Assembly contribution to the celebration of 20 years of the ERS. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 36(2), p. 225–228. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00085510.
• Jacobsen, Randi; Lødrup Carlsen, K; Carlsen, K; Doekes, G; Granum, Berit & Håland, G [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2009). Early life exposure to cat allergens increase the risk of late childhood asthma in a community with low levels of in-door allergens. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 64, p. 106–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02075.x.
• Keil, T; Roll, S; Brunekreef, B; Eller, E; Heinrich, J & Wickman, M [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2009). Pet exposure in infancy, allergic rhinitis at school age? A meta-analysis initiated by GA(2)LEN. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 64, p. 23–23.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Roll, S; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Arshad, H; Roberts, G & Spycher, B [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2009). Pet exposure in infancy, asthma at school age? A meta-analysis initiated by GA(2) LEN. Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 64, p. 22–22.
• Jacobsen, Randi; Lødrup Carlsen, K; Mowinckel, P; Carlsen, K; Granum, Berit & Løvik, Martinus (2008). Do allergic families avoid having furry pets when children are small? Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0105-4538. 63, p. 7–8.
• Bush, Andy; Hedlin, G.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; de Benedictis, F; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Wilson, N (2008). Severe childhood asthma: a common international approach? The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 372, p. 1019–1021.
• Granum, Berit; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Løvik, Martinus; Munthe-Kaas, Monica & Lødrup Carlsen, Karin Cecilie (2006). Cord blood sCD14 as a risk factor for childhood asthma and allergic sensitisation. The European respiratory journal. Supplement. ISSN 0904-1850. 28, p. 250s–250s.
• Keil, T; Kulig, M; Simpson, A; Custovic, A; Wickman, M & Kull, I [Show all 25 contributors for this article] (2006). Comparison of European birth cohort studies on asthma and allergic diseases - A GA2LEN initiative. European Journal of Epidemiology (EJE). ISSN 0393-2990. 21, p. 145–146.
• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2006). Barn og astma. [TV]. Schrödingers katt, NRK. Show summary

  Få barn i verden er så utsatt for astma som norske barn. Hvert femte barn som fødes i Norge vil utvikle astma - og verre skal det bli. Hvorfor er det slik? Og hva kan vi gjøre med det? Norgeshistoriens største astmaundersøkelse publiseres internasjonalt i dag

• Granum, Berit; Mowinckel, Petter; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Løvik, Martinus; Munthe-Kaas, Monica & Lødrup Carlsen, Karin Cecilie (2006). Cord blood sCD14 as a risk factor for childhood asthma and allergic disease.
• Haaland, Guri; Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Pettersen, Morten; Munthe-Kaas, M. C.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2003). Does lung function in the first two years of age predict lung function in school age? [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. ISSN 1073-449X. 167(7). Show summary

  [ABSTRACT]

• Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Bjermer, Leif (2003). Vår, pollen og allergisk rhinoconjunctivit. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 5(2).
• Bjermer, Leif & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2003). Om ungdom, livsstil og yrkesvalg. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 5(3).
• Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Håland, Geir; Pettersen, Morten; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCED THE USE OF INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS IN 2 YEAR OLD CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION? Show summary

  What factors influenced the use of inhaled corticosteroids in 2 year old children with recurrent bronchial obstruction? Authors: Chandra Sekhar Devulapalli M.D1*, Geir Haaland M.D2, Morten Pettersen M.D2, Kai-Håkon Carlsen M.D, Ph.D1, Karin Lødrup Carlsen M.D, Ph.D2 Institutions: 1Voksentoppen Asthma and Allergy Centre, National Hospital of Norway, Oslo, Norway and 2Department of Paediatrics, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Body: Background: From the prospective observational birth cohort study (Environment and Childhood Asthma study, Oslo), we assessed factors that possibly related to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in 25 months old children with recurrent/persistent bronchial obstruction (rBO). Methods and subjects: By structured interview at 25 months, duration and severity (months with persistent symptoms) of bronchial obstruction (BO), atopic dermatitis (AD), and at 11 months total IgE and serum eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were assessed in 59 children with rBO who by two years had received ICS (rBO+) and 226 children with rBO without ICS (rBO-). Compliance of the respiratory system (Crs/kg.body weight) by single occlusion technique was measured at birth in 60 of the children, rBO+ (8) and rBO-(52). Mean duration of ICS treatment was 7.4 ± 5.1 months. Results: Duration (mean, 95 % CI) (9.2, 6.9-11.5 vs. 4.7, 3.9-5.5 months) and severity of disease (7.2, 5.0-9.4 vs. 1.1, 0.7-1.6 months of persistent BO) were significantly increased in children with rBO+ compared to rBO-. Crs/kg at birth was significantly lower in rBO+ (0.9, 0.6-1.2 vs. 1.3, 1.1-1.37, p= 0.05). There was no difference in serum ECP (22.0, 15.2-28.9 vs. 18.7, 15.4-22.1) or total IgE (29.5, 1.3-55.8 vs. 30.7, 16.9-44.6), respectively, at the debut of their disease (11 months). However, significantly more rBO+ children had AD (15.6%) compared to rBO- (8.9%). Conclusion: Although clinically observed disease was the most significant determinant for ICS treatment by two years, this was not reflected in eosinophil activation or total IgE measured shortly after debut of their disease, but in Crs/kg at birth in children with rBO.

• Haaland, Guri; Pettersen, Morten; Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). Does lung function at birth predict lung function later in childhood?
• Circule, I.; Mehra, S.; Stick, S.; Kundutze, M.D.J.; Wixon, C. & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). Efficacy of fluticasone (200mcg/d) in preschool children with chronic persistent asthma-like symptoms.
• Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Håland, Geir; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Pettersen, Morten (2002). EARLY RISK FACTORS FOR TREATMENT WITH INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS BY 2 YEARS OF AGE. Show summary

  EARLY RISK FACTORS FOR TREATMENT WITH INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS BY 2 YEARS OF AGE C.S. Devulapalli ¹, G. Haaland ², K-H Carlsen ¹, K. L. Carlsen ², M. Pettersen ² ¹ Voksentoppen Asthma and Allergy Centre, National Hospital of Norway, Oslo, Norway ² Department of Paediatrics, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Background: Early risk factors for moderate to severe early recurrent/persistent bronchial obstruction (rBO) are not well known. Therefore, we assessed factors that were potential risk factors for receiving treatment with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy by two years of age. Methods: 564 children (50% with rBO) from the prospective observational birth cohort study (Environment and Childhood Asthma study, Oslo) were assessed within the first two years of life by clinical, biochemical and/or physiological characteristics, particularly in relation to rBO. Lung function was assessed by tidal breathing flow volume parameters (tPTEF/tE; time to reach peak expiratory flow/total expiratory time) at birth and at debut of rBO and by compliance of the respiratory system (Crs/kg.body weight) at birth. Atopic dermatitis (AD) ever, serum IgE and serum ECP at 11 months and lung function at two years of age were included in a linear regression model to explore possible risk for ICS treatment by age two. Results: Lung function at birth was significantly reduced among the children with rBO who had received ICS by two years measured by Crs/kg (0.9, 0.6-1.2 vs. 1.3, 1.1-1.37, p= 0.05) (mean, 95 % CI), but not by tPTEF/tE. Having rBO (0.2; 0.28-0.50) (B;95%CI) and any time AD (0.07; 0.02-0.12) significantly increased the risk of receiving ICS. When adding lung function at birth, Crs/kg (-0.103; -0.201- -0.004), but not tPTEF/tE significantly increased the risk for ICS treatment, as did tPTEF/tE at 11 months. Conclusion: Reduced lung function both at birth (particularly assessed by Crs/kg) and at debut of rBO as well as AD increased the risk of later being treated by ICS within the first two years of life. Clinical duration and severity of disease, but not eosinophil activation or IgE before 12 months was associated with increased risk of ICS treatment in this observational, ¿real life¿, non-interventional study.

• Devulapalli, Chandra S.; Håland, Geir; Pettersen, Morten; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2002). DOES INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS INFLUENCE LUNG FUNCTION IN 2 YEAR OLD CHILDREN? Show summary

  DOES INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS INFLUENCE LUNG FUNCTION IN 2 YEAR OLD CHILDREN ? C.S. Devulapalli *, G. Haaland +, M. Pettersen +, K-H. Carlsen *, K.Lødrup Carlsen + * Voksentoppen Asthma and Allergy University Clinic, National Hospital of Norway, Oslo, Norway + Department of Paediatrics, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Background: Little information is available about possible influence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on the lung function in young children. From the prospective birth cohort (Environment and Childhood Asthma study, Oslo), we wanted to assess possible influence of ICS treatment between 11 months and 25 months of age on lung function in children with recurrent/persistent bronchial obstruction (rBO). Methods and subjects: Lung function by tidal breathing (SensorMedics 2600) was measured at 11 months and 25 months in 21 children with rBO treated with ICS (rBO+), 32 children with rBO without ICS (rBO-) and 18 healthy controls. Mean duration of ICS treatment was 9.0 months (6.0 SD). The main tidal breathing parameter was the ratio of time to peak flow/total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE). Results: Lung function (mean, 95% CI) was significantly lower among children with rBO+ compared with rBO- and controls, at 11 months (rBO+ 0.17, 0.15-020, rBO- 0.23, 0.19-0.28, controls 0.32, 0.25-0.38) and 25 months (rBO+ 0.23, 0.18-0.29, rBO- 0.28, 0.24-0.32, controls 0.30, 0.24-0.36). However, the change in lung function between 11 months and 25 months was not significantly different between rBO+ and rBO- groups. Conclusion: Treatment with ICS did not improve lung function significantly in young children with rBO.

• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2001). Miljø og Barneastma studien. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 3, p. 32–38.
• Bjermer, Leif & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Lungerehabilitering - samarbeid på mange plan (red. komm.). Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 3(1).
• Haaland, Guri; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Pettersen, Morten & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Does paracetamol use increase the risk of recurrent wheeze or atopy in young children?
• Pettersen, Morten; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Håland, Geir & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Do antibiotics play a role in recurrent wheeze or atopy in young children?
• Pettersen, Morten; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Håland, Geir & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Do antibiotics play a role in recurrent wheeze or atopy in young children?
• Håland, Geir; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Pettersen, Morten & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2001). Does paracetamol use increase the risk of recurrent wheeze or atopy in young children?
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Buchmann, M.S.; Wikstrøm, J. & Mehl, R. (2001). Cockroach sensitivity in Norway: a previously unidentified problem?
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2000). "Hva vet vi om effekter og bivirkninger av kortisonpreparater i astma behandling?".
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2000). "Hvordan oppdager du at barnet ditt har astma?".
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2000). "Respirasjonsfysiologiske undersøkelser hos barn under 6 år. Metodisk innføring.".
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1999). Lung function from infancy to adulthood.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1999). Lung function from infancy to adulthood.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1999). Antenatal and environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1999). Obstructive airways disease, but is it asthma?
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1996). Undersøkelse av barns lungefunksjon i allmennpraksis og sykehus. Fagbladet Allergi i praksis. ISSN 0806-5462. 3, p. 10–12.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Marchal, F (1996). Lung function testing in infants and preschool children.
• Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (1996). Wheezing-inflammation in asthma and atopy.
• Becher, Rune; Valen, Håkon; Vist, Gunn Elisabeth; Brinchmann, Bendik Christian; Holme, Jørn Andreas & Grimsrud, Tom Kristian [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Adverse health effects of electronic cigarette use: an umbrella review and toxicological evaluation . Norwegian Institute of Public Health Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Division for Health Services. ISSN 978-82-8406-296-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Lang, Astri Maria & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2011). Severe Asthma Research in Children. Problematic to define, identify and characterise. Unipub forlag. ISSN 978-82-8264-109-8.
• Bakkeheim, Egil & Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup (2011). Inflammation and "stress" in asthma and allergy : are oxidative state and cortisol levels involved? Unipub forlag. ISSN 978-82-8264-125-8.
• Bertelsen, Randi Jacobsen; Løvik, Martinus; Granum, Berit; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup & Carlsen, Kai-Håkon (2010). The indoor environment and childhood allergic diseases; the importance of allergens and microbial components. Unipub forlag. ISSN 978-82-8072-615-5.
• Botten, Grete Synøve; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Magnus, Per; Nafstad, Per & Øie, Leif (1997). Miljø og barneastma. Rapport fra barneastmaprosjektet. Statens Institutt for folkehelse. ISSN 82-7364-107-4.

View all works in Cristin