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Latest publications from the Faculty of Medicine
Latest 50 registrations from Cristin (Current Research Information System in Norway).
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Åbyholm, Thom; Vistad, Ingvild; Berntsen, Sveinung & Wisløff, Torbjørn
(2026).
Mapping EORTC-QLQ-C30 scores to EQ-5D-5L utility values for gynecological cancer survivors in follow-up care.
Quality of Life Research.
ISSN 0962-9343.
35(10).
doi:
10.1007/s11136-026-04399-2.
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Molvær, Anne Karin; Iversen, Marjolein M.; Igland, Jannicke; Peyrot, Mark; Tell, Grethe Seppola & Berg, Tore Julsrud
(2026).
Hand and shoulder diagnoses are associated with substantial bodily pain compared to vascular complications and long-term glycaemic control in people with long-term type 1 diabetes.
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes.
10(1).
doi:
10.1186/s41687-026-01199-7.
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Background
People with type 1 diabetes are burdened by musculoskeletal hand and shoulder diagnoses and vascular late complications. We aimed to explore associations of musculoskeletal diagnoses, 30-year HbA1c and vascular complications with pain, fatigue, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in an increasing group of long-term survivors of type 1 diabetes.
Methodology
This exploratory, observational study included 104 participants with type 1 diabetes ≥ 45 years’ duration who completed questionnaires assessing pain (RAND-36 bodily pain), fatigue (Fatigue Questionnaire), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), overall QoL (WHOQoL–BREF) and diabetes-specific QoL (Audit of Diabetes-Dependent QoL). We used linear regression to estimate associations between hand and shoulder diagnoses, 30-year HbA1c ≥ 64 mmol/mol (8%) and vascular complications with PROs.
Results
Compared to 30-year HbA1c and vascular complications, combined hand and shoulder diagnoses showed the strongest estimated association with bodily pain; [B (95% confidence interval)] [-17.4 (-32.8, -2.1)], followed by 30-year HbA1c ≥ 64 mmol/mol [10.9 (-21.9, 0.1)], microvascular complications alone [-11.3 (-24.8, 2.1)], and micro- and macrovascular complications combined [-5.9 (-21.9, 10.2)]. Vascular complications, particularly microvascular, were associated with worse overall QoL and diabetes-specific QoL.
Conclusions
Musculoskeletal hand and shoulder diagnoses show stronger associations with bodily pain than vascular complications, while vascular complications appear more important for QoL in this cohort of long-term survivors with type 1 diabetes. Estimates where however uncertain due to limited sample size.
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Sigvardsson, Ida; Ludvigsson, Johnny; Lerchova, Tereza; Imberg, Henrik; Størdal, Ketil & Mårild, Karl Staffan
(2026).
Timing of complementary food introduction is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease risk: A prospective birth cohort study.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
ISSN 1078-0998.
32(10),
p. 1937–1948.
doi:
10.1093/ibd/izag093.
Full text in Research Archive
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Zosen, Denis
(2026).
The writable window: division-coupled DNA recorders carry a built-in early bias in human cortical organoids.
zenodo.
doi:
10.5281/ZENODO.23375595.
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DNA recorders write signalling and lineage history into the genome for sequencing to recover later. They were built in rapidly dividing cell lines and characterised over days. Asking when a chemical perturbs human brain development instead means running a recorder for several months in a tissue that changes while it is measured: neural progenitors divide, give rise to neurons, and leave the cell cycle permanently, so the dividing population shrinks throughout. To learn what such an experiment can resolve, I modelled a branching progenitor population coupled to sequential writing into a tandem array.
Because writing happens at division, a recorder falls silent long before the experiment ends. Half of all symbols are written before day 27 of 150, and a cell is 5.3-fold more likely to record a one-day exposure given on day 15 than on day 75, a ratio that runs from 1.5 to 6.6 across parameterisations of the tissue, and 2.4 under the spread that matches measured clonal structure. An experiment comparing exposures at several developmental stages therefore carries a built-in gradient shaped like the window it is meant to detect, and a genuine five-fold late window comes back flat. Of seven mechanisms that might remove the gradient, tested as 14 arms across 50 simulated populations, eight arms move it detectably and none removes it. Gliogenesis, the one mechanism that restores proliferation rather than redistributing it, blunts it by a tenth to a seventh depending on when the switch falls. A writer decoupled from division entirely gives a gradient of 1, so the whole of the effect is the coupling. Held at a fixed writing rate, the recording model also reproduces, without refitting, the array occupancy measured in one published mouse embryo, which tests the writing chemistry, but not the writable window. Records are clonally correlated, so precision comes from cultures and founder lineages, not sequencing depth.
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Onsaker, Asbjørn Lund; Vlieg, Astrid van Hylckama; Ueland, Thor; Aukrust, Pål; Brækkan, Sigrid Kufaas & Hansen, John Bjarne
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Plasma levels of adiponectin and risk of future incident venous thromboembolism.
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
ISSN 1538-7933.
24(10),
p. 3702–3710.
doi:
10.1016/j.jtha.2026.07.023.
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Hofstad, Tore; Nyttingnes, Olav; Blindheim, Anne Alnes; Håheim, Eirik; Aarre, Trond F. & Rugkåsa, Jorun
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Long-term health, criminal justice, and socioeconomic outcomes among people subject to compulsory mental health care in Norway: a nationwide registry cohort study.
The Lancet Psychiatry.
ISSN 2215-0374.
13(11),
p. 930–930.
doi:
10.1016/s2215-0366(26)00275-0.
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Evidence on long-term outcomes following compulsory mental health care remains limited, particularly beyond hospital readmission and service use. This nationwide Norwegian registry cohort study examined health, criminal justice, and socioeconomic outcomes among 321,708 individuals aged 18–65 years. Participants were classified into five mutually exclusive groups based on care received during 2015–2016: community treatment orders (CTOs), compulsory hospitalisation without CTOs, compulsory observation without compulsory hospitalisation or CTOs, voluntary specialist mental health care, and general population comparators without specialist mental health-care contact during the inclusion period. Linked national registries provided follow-up through 2021–2023, depending on the outcome. Regression analyses estimated sex-specific outcome probabilities adjusted for birth year.
All three compulsory care groups experienced substantially poorer long-term outcomes than the voluntary care and general population groups, including higher mortality, self-harm or suicide, substance use disorders, victimisation, criminal justice involvement, and socioeconomic disadvantage. However, outcome profiles differed considerably between compulsory care groups. The compulsory observation group had the highest adjusted probabilities of self-harm or suicide, substance use disorder, and victimisation. The CTO group showed particularly pronounced socioeconomic disadvantage, with adjusted probabilities of disability benefit receipt of 89% among female participants and 93% among male participants. Nevertheless, a substantial minority of disability benefit recipients across compulsory care groups also had employment income.
The findings demonstrate that legally defined compulsory care groups represent distinct prognostic populations with different long-term support needs. They provide benchmarks for service planning and highlight the importance of coordinated mental health, substance use, housing, welfare, and vocational support. The study is descriptive and prognostic; observed differences may reflect pre-existing clinical and social circumstances and cannot establish the causal effects of compulsory care.
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Thomassen, Jesper Qvist; Leonard, Hampton; Ulms, Brittany; Grenier-Boley, Benjamin; Heikkinen, Sami & Garcia-González, Pablo
[Show all 133 contributors for this article]
(2026).
APOE-stratified genome-wide association analyses provide insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimers’s disease.
Nature Genetics.
ISSN 1061-4036.
58(10),
p. 2484–2484.
doi:
10.1038/s41588-026-02713-9.
Show summary
Among the more than 90 identified genetic risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 polymorphisms remain the longstanding benchmark for genetic disease risk with a consistently large effect across studies1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Despite this massive signal, the exact mechanisms by which ɛ4 increases and ɛ2 decreases dementia risk remain poorly understood. Notably, recent trials of anti-amyloid therapies suggest less efficacy and higher risks of severe side effects in ε4 carriers11,12,13, hampering the treatment of those with the highest unmet need. To improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of AD in the context of its main genetic driver, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) stratified by ε4 and ε2 carrier status. HP1BP3, SLC50A1, PTPRC, NPAS3, DDHD1, CHST9, SMYD2, PRAMEF1 and GFRA1 emerged as new genomic signals for AD risk, appearing only when stratified by APOE carrier status. DDHD1 appeared especially promising, showing protective effects in ε4 carriers, being identified as an expression quantitative trait locus and being involved in rare neuronal diseases. Such APOE-stratified insights may help understand and overcome side effects, inform clinical trial enrollment strategies, and create the scientific basis for targeted, mechanism-driven therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hussaini, Parwana; Larsen, Trine-Lise; Ghanima, Waleed & Dahm, Anders Erik Astrup
(2026).
Clinical significance of symptomatic and incidental venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer treated with apixaban.
Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (RPTH).
10(7).
doi:
10.1016/j.rpth.2026.106968.
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Gjesdal, Kine; Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova; Djuv, Ane; Paulsen, Aksel; Rolová, Gabriela & Sevild, Cille Hagland
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Changes in health literacy following participation in a multidisciplinary primary care intervention for people with chronic pain: a longitudinal cohort study.
Scandinavian Journal of Pain.
ISSN 1877-8860.
26(1).
doi:
10.1515/sjpain-2026-0034.
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Abstract Background Chronic pain is a global public health issue, severely affecting quality of life, functional capacity, and healthcare resources. Effective management requires adequate health literacy, yet limited health literacy is associated with greater pain burden and poorer outcomes. This underlines the need for interventions that can strengthen patients’ health literacy skills. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate longitudinal changes in health literacy following participation in a multidisciplinary primary care pain management intervention. Methods This longitudinal study reports health literacy outcomes from a multidisciplinary, personalized pain management intervention that was developed in accordance with the Medical Research Council framework. Forty-three participants with chronic non-cancer pain completed the full intervention. Health literacy was measured using the Norwegian version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) at baseline, midpoint, and post-intervention. Changes over time were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. Results Statistically significant improvements were observed in five HLQ domains from baseline to midpoint and in eight domains from baseline to post-intervention. “Having sufficient information to manage my health” showed the largest increase among Domains 1–5, whereas “Navigating the healthcare system” showed the largest increase among Domains 6–9 and improved significantly across all time-point comparisons. Conclusion Participants demonstrated improvements in several dimensions of health literacy during participation in the intervention, particularly in domains related to having sufficient information to manage health and active self-management. These findings support further investigation of tailored, multidisciplinary approaches to strengthening health literacy among people with chronic pain. Trial registration NCT05828121 Date: 04-25-2023.
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Bukten, Anne; Mehlum, Lars; Fazel, Seena; Lokdam, Nicoline Toresen; Tverborgvik, Torill & Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova
[Show all 12 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Sociodemographic, Criminological and Clinical Determinants in Suicide After Release From Prison: A 23‐Year National Cohort Study.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.
ISSN 0001-690X.
doi:
10.1111/acps.70148.
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ABSTRACT Background Suicide risk is elevated after prison release, but population‐level evidence on temporal risk patterns and associated factors remains limited. We aimed to describe characteristics of individuals who die by suicide after release from Norwegian prisons, compare their suicide mortality with the general population, and examine risk factors over time. Material and Methods Data from the Norwegian Prison Release Study (nPRIS), including all people in prison in Norway (2000–2022), were linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, the Norwegian Prison Registry, the Norwegian Patient Registry, and Statistics Norway. We calculated crude mortality rates (CMR) per 100,000 person‐years, standardized mortality ratios (SMR), annual age‐standardized years of life lost rate (ASYR), and Cox proportional hazards models. Results From 2000 to 2022, 1183 suicides (9.1% of all deaths; CMR 81; 95% CI 76–85) occurred after release (90% male). The SMR was higher in women (SMR 8.64; 95% CI 7.17–10.34) than men (SMR 3.98; 95% CI 3.76–4.22). In multivariable models (2009–2022; n = 57,034; 516 suicides), strong independent associations with suicide 6 months post‐release included self‐harm (adjusted HR [aHR] 4.76; 95% CI 2.60–8.72), severe mental illness (aHR 1.95; 95% CI 1.16–3.27), release from high‐security prisons (aHR 1.93; 95% CI 1.12–3.33), and pretrial detention (aHR 1.82; 95% CI 1.06–3.13). Conclusions Suicide risk is substantially and persistently elevated relative to the general population, peaks immediately after release, and is concentrated among people with prior self‐harm, severe mental illness, and those released from high‐security settings.
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Bains, Sukhjeet Kaur; Tellum, Tina; Abebe, Dawit Shawel; Michelsen, Trond Melbye & Sørbye, Ingvil Krarup
(2026).
Influence of migration status on hysterectomy surgical approach and indications for benign conditions—a nationwide cohort register study.
European Journal of Public Health.
ISSN 1101-1262.
36(5),
p. 1–10.
doi:
10.1093/eurpub/ckag176.
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Ludvigsen, Lene Ugilt Pagter; Thomsen, Marianne Kragh; Kro, Grete Anette Birkeland; Pedersen, Rune Micha; Gramkow, Ann Maria & Åsberg, Anders
[Show all 16 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Epstein-Barr virus infection monitoring in kidney transplant recipients (EVITA study)—investigating the clinical significance of EBV-DNAemia and the risk of early-onset PTLD.
American Journal of Transplantation.
ISSN 1600-6135.
p. 1–15.
doi:
10.1016/j.ajt.2026.07.012.
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Getz, Vilde; Pleym, Karin; Dammen, Toril; Husebye, Einar; Sverre, Elise Christine Bjørkholen & Peersen, Kari
[Show all 9 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Patient and healthcare system factors associated with
participation in municipal smoking cessation programs after
hospitalization for atherosclerotic vascular disease in Norway:
A prespecified analysis of two randomized controlled trials.
Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.
12(61),
p. 1–13.
doi:
10.18332/tpc/236282.
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Introduction: Persistent smoking after hospitalization for an atherosclerotic
vascular event remains common, and only a small proportion attend
cardiac rehabilitation or community-based lifestyle support, including smoking
cessation programs. This study aimed to identify patient and healthcare...
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Sterri, Njål Herman E.; Lockertsen, Øyvind; Husum, Tonje Lossius; Lockertsen, Veronica; Siqveland, Johan & Senneseth, Mette
(2026).
Antecedents to episodes involving aggression and coercion in in-patient mental health settings: scoping review.
BJPsych Open.
12(6),
p. 1–12.
doi:
10.1192/bjo.2026.12123.
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Background Preventing episodes involving aggression and reducing coercive measures are important goals in in-patient mental health settings. Antecedents may provide insight into how episodes are described to develop. However, most studies reflect staff perspectives, and often describe and temporally specify antecedents inconsistently. Aims This scoping review mapped reported antecedents to episodes involving aggression and episodes involving coercive measures, and identified which appeared shared or specific to either phenomenon. Method This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidance, and included 39 studies from systematic searches across Ovid Medline, APA PsycINFO and Scopus. Reported antecedents were extracted, standardised and mapped to six analytical domains. Results The review mapped 240 antecedents, many of which appeared shared across the phenomena. Patient studies emphasised experiences of restrictive care, loss of autonomy and poor interaction quality. Staff studies emphasised immediate, observable situations related to risk management, such as patient aggression, denied requests and interpersonal conflict. Most studies did not specify the temporal boundaries of antecedents. Conclusions The perspectives represented in studies and the ways antecedents are conceptualised influence which antecedents become visible in the literature. Overlapping antecedents indicate that episodes involving aggression and episodes involving coercive measures are often described as part of the same escalation process, although patient and staff studies seem to highlight different stages. Prevention efforts therefore require attention to the entire trajectory, and to the point at which staff perceive intervention as necessary. Future studies should incorporate both perspectives, prioritise patient involvement, and more clearly define and temporally specify antecedents.
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Moorey, Hannah; Botfield, Hannah F; Krogseth, Maria; Selbæk, Geir; Wilson, Daisy & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2026).
CCL2 and CXCL2 are markers of delirium vulnerability in community dwelling older people.
Age and Ageing.
ISSN 0002-0729.
55(9).
doi:
10.1093/ageing/afag290.
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Abstract Background Delirium is common and age, frailty and dementia are risk-factors. The pathophysiology is complex and poorly understood, but age-related immune system changes may be key. This study aimed to measure markers of immune cell migration, accelerated immune ageing and blood–brain barrier permeability in community-dwelling, older people comparing those who developed ≥1 episode of delirium over 2 years with those that did not. Methods Baseline samples were collected from CASCADE participants who were followed up for 2 years. Delirium screening was performed weekly; positive screens or hospital admission triggered a delirium assessment. Serum was isolated, stored and analysed using a multiplex panel comparing levels between participants with and without delirium episodes. Results About 98 participants were included. Median age was 88 (IQR: 81.8–92.0), with 90.8% classified as frail. Forty-three participants (43.9%) experienced ≥1 delirium episodes. CCL2 (MCP-1) and CXCL2 (MIP-2α), measured in a stable state at baseline, were significantly higher in the delirium group compared to the no delirium group (13.38 (11.21–17.93) vs. 10.83 (9.03–14.64) P = .004) and (17.23 (11.80–24.22) vs. 13.49 (10.19–17.98) P = .031), respectively. When stratified by dementia status, the associations of CCL2 with delirium were maintained in both groups, but CXCL2 was only significantly higher in delirium in the subgroup without dementia. Discussion CCL2 and CXCL2 are chemokines involved in immune cell recruitment and markers of accelerated immune ageing. Future work should elucidate the role of immune cell recruitment and brain infiltration in delirium, to identify treatment targets. Furthermore, work should explore whether targeting immune ageing can reduce delirium risk.
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Chabala, Freeman W.; Sinkala, Edford; Brennan, Alana T.; Goss, Amy Miskimon; Bojang, Lamin & Samateh, Yusupha
[Show all 27 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Hepatic Steatosis in People With Chronic Hepatitis B in Africa: Prevalence, Correlates, and Clinical Significance.
Journal of Viral Hepatitis.
ISSN 1352-0504.
33(11).
doi:
10.1111/jvh.70241.
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ABSTRACT To address data gaps around metabolic liver disease in Africa, within the Hepatitis B in Africa Collaborative Network (HEPSANET), we evaluated participants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) for steatotic liver disease (SLD) using transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Using multivariable logistic regression, we identified sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical associations with SLD (CAP ≥ 248 dB/m), and evaluated whether SLD severity was independently associated with fibrosis. Short‐term impacts of SLD on mortality were also assessed with Cox proportional hazards analysis. We also evaluated the diagnostic performance of B‐mode ultrasound for SLD, with CAP as reference. Across 6 countries and 1601 participants (age range, 12–80 years; 39.5% female; 4% with diabetes; 11% unhealthy alcohol use; median body mass index, 24.4), 421 (26.3%) had SLD; 219 (13.7%) had severe steatosis (CAP ≥ 280 dB/m). Older age, male sex, overweight and obesity, and HIV‐negative status were associated with SLD. After adjusting for age, sex, HIV status, HBV treatment, and country, severe steatosis, but not mild and moderate forms (i.e., 248–279 dB/m), was associated with a 8.4% (95%, 1.9%–14.9%) increased probability of fibrosis. Over limited follow‐up (median 2.69 years) and small number of deaths, SLD was not associated with all‐cause or liver‐related mortality. B‐mode ultrasound had low sensitivity for SLD, overall or when severe, but specificity was 95%. In conclusion, SLD was common in people with CHB in Africa and its severe form was associated with liver fibrosis. These data support screening for metabolic comorbidities as part of HBV care and treatment in Africa.
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Yusuf, Mariam Florence
(2026).
COVID-19 Vaccination, Reproductive Vigilance, and the Afterlives of Extraction.
Anthropology Today.
ISSN 0268-540X.
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Eriksen, Espen Alexander; Wisløff, Ulrik; Welde, Ottar Brohaug; Midttun, Sindre; Skaug, Eli-Anne & Letnes, Jon Magne
[Show all 8 contributors for this article]
(2026).
eHealth-Guided Exercise Improves Peak Oxygen Uptake and Health-Related Quality of Life After COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
ISSN 0195-9131.
doi:
10.1249/MSS.0000000000004177.
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Purpose:Physical activity (PA) levels declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to reduced fitness and quality of life. eHealth tools may...
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Frich, Wilhelm; Verlo, Kristine Ringnes; Borda, Miguel Germán; Jackson, Thomas Andrew; Livingston, Gill & Myrstad, Christian
[Show all 15 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Population-based incidence rate of in-hospital delirium in older adults in Norway—a HUNT study.
Age and Ageing.
ISSN 0002-0729.
55(10).
doi:
10.1093/ageing/afag297.
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Abstract Background Most studies of delirium occurrence are based on selected hospitalised populations or administrative data. We aimed to estimate the incidence rate of in-hospital delirium in older adults and to assess use of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) delirium code (F05) in electronic health records. Methods This population-based cohort study included 9956 participants aged ≥70 years from HUNT4 70+. Participants were followed from the date of study participation (2017–19) until 31 December 2023. In-hospital delirium was identified by retrospective chart review of all admissions during follow-up, using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition criteria. Incidence rates were estimated using the first delirium episode per participant, weighted for non-participation. Results During follow-up, 1507 participants (15.1%) experienced ≥1 in-hospital delirium episode. The weighted incidence rate was 33.1 (95% CI 31.5–34.9) per 1000 person-years and increased with age from 11.4 (age 70–74) to 109.0 (age ≥90) per 1000 person-years. Men had higher incidence rates than women across age groups. Among admissions with delirium, 11.9% had an ICD-10 discharge delirium diagnosis code (F05). Conclusion In-hospital delirium was common, increased markedly with age and was rarely captured by diagnostic coding. Low coding rates suggest that routine health-care data substantially underestimate delirium burden. Under-recognition of delirium may limit opportunities for follow-up in a group at high risk of adverse outcomes. With an ageing population, the burden of delirium is likely to increase for individuals and health-care systems. Our findings support systematic approaches to improve identification and management.
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Kyte, Eli B.; Helmstaedter, Christoph; Skogan, Annette Holth; Lossius, Morten Ingvar & Alfstad, Kristin Åshild
(2026).
How far-reaching is the impact of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery on quality of life 10–44 years after the operation?
Epilepsy & Behavior.
ISSN 1525-5050.
185.
doi:
10.1016/j.yebeh.2026.111272.
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Sexton-Oates, Alexandra; Mathian, Émilie; Candeli, Noah; Lim, Yuliya; Voegele, Catherine & Genova, Alex Di
[Show all 75 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Deep molecular profiling of lung neuroendocrine tumours and supra-carcinoids.
Molecular Cancer.
25.
doi:
10.1186/s12943-026-02721-7.
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Background
Lung neuroendocrine tumours (NETs, also known as carcinoids) are rapidly rising in incidence worldwide but have unknown aetiology and limited therapeutic options beyond surgery. The current WHO classification, based on mitotic count and presence or absence of necrosis, divides lung NETs into grade-1 typical, and grade-2 atypical tumours. This dichotomous classification however does not account for recently described molecular entities nor is it sufficient for clinical management.
Methods
Here we conducted integrative multi‐omic analyses on over 300 lung NETs including whole‐genome sequencing, transcriptome profiling, and DNA methylation arrays, followed by archetype analysis, to identify and characterise molecular groups. We further investigated molecular groups using spatial RNA sequencing and proteomics, and deep learning analysis of whole slide images.
Results
The integration of multi-omic data provided definitive proof of the existence of four strikingly different molecular groups that vary in patient characteristics, genomic and transcriptomic profiles, microenvironment, and morphology. Among these, we identified a new molecular group, enriched for highly aggressive supra‐carcinoids that displayed an immune‐rich microenvironment linked to tumour-macrophage crosstalk. We uncovered an undifferentiated cell population within supra-carcinoids and show the transcriptomic similarities between supra-carcinoids and the recently identified atypical small cell lung cancer tumours, further demonstrating their molecular link to high-grade lung neuroendocrine carcinomas. Multi-regional genomic analyses identified distinct evolutionary trajectories, suggesting that molecular groups are determined early in tumourigenesis by genomic events, and that transitions between groups, though infrequent, are possible for supra-carcinoids. Deep learning models accurately identified these groups based on morphology alone, outperforming current histological criteria. Together with the validation of a panel of immunohistochemistry markers, we demonstrated that these molecular groups can be accurately identified based on morphological features, facilitating their future implementation in the clinical setting. Our proposed morpho-molecular classification highlights potential group-specific therapeutic opportunities, with differences in expression to DLL3, EGFR, FGFR and TERT inhibitor targets.
Conclusions
Overall, our findings unify previously proposed molecular classifications and refine the lung cancer map by revealing novel tumour phenotypes with potential implications for prognosis and therapeutic management.
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Hermansen, Karin Berg; Sævareid, Trygve Johannes Lereim; Pedersen, Reidar; Alnes, Rigmor Grete Einang; Brøderud, Linn & Romøren, Maria
[Show all 7 contributors for this article]
(2026).
Healthcare professionals’ experiences of advance care planning conversations with frail older adults admitted to acute geriatric hospital units: a nested qualitative study.
BMC Health Services Research.
26.
doi:
10.1186/s12913-026-15112-x.
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Background: Advance care planning can support frail older adults, their next of kin, and healthcare professionals by clarifying patients’ values and preferences and improving communication toward the end of life. Despite these benefits, advance care planning remains underutilized, particularly among frail older adults with complex needs. Limited research has explored healthcare professionals’ experiences with initiating it in acute geriatric settings. As part of a broader research project focused on implementing advance care planning for older adults admitted to acute geriatric hospital units, this study aimed to explore healthcare professionals’ experiences with initiating these conversations.
Methods: A qualitative sub-study, nested within a cluster randomized controlled trial, was conducted with implementation teams and other healthcare professionals from the six geriatric units in the intervention arm. They had recently started engaging in advance care planning with frail, acutely ill older patients and their next of kin. Data were collected through four focus groups and four dyadic interviews, involving a total of 24 participants. The data was analysed by using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results: Four themes developed as perceived benefits: (1) Amplifies the patients’ voice, (2) Improves communication with next of kin, (3) Influences treatment decisions and may avoid overtreatment (4) Contributes to meaningful work. Two themes developed as perceived challenges: (1) Uncertainty regarding the ACP documentation, (2) ACP conversations require dedicated time and focus.
Conclusion: This study revealed that advance care planning conversations in acute geriatric hospital units can amplify patients’ voices and promote their participation in decision-making. Discussions about existential topics appear beneficial and rewarding for patients, next of kin and healthcare professionals, both for in-moment and future decisions. Time constraints may have led to missed opportunities to initiate ACP conversations with patients before the end of life, while documentation issues may have limited their impact on continuity of care.
Trial registration https://ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05681585. Registered 03.01.23.
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Hesjevoll, Ingeborg Storesund; Røise, Olav & Bjørnskau, Torkel
(2026).
When Police and Clinical Severity Diverge: Injury patterns and implications for Norway’s Transition to AIS-Based Serious-Injury Monitoring.
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Bergquist, Annika; Seth, Erik von; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Tanaka, Atsushi & Ponsioen, Cyriel
(2026).
Advances in primary sclerosing cholangitis care – Authors' reply.
The Lancet.
ISSN 0140-6736.
408(10562),
p. 1311–1312.
doi:
10.1016/S0140-6736(26)01802-7.
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Simensen, Randi; Rehn, Marius; Hagemo, Jostein Skjalg; Fjose, Lars Olav & Heyerdahl, Fridtjof
(2026).
Methoxyflurane: analgesic benefit and environmental impact – Authors' reply.
The Lancet.
ISSN 0140-6736.
407,
p. 1427–1428.
doi:
10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00495-2.
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Vik, Eline Skirnisdottir; Einang, Karoline Hasle; Eick, Frode & Rivenes, Sara
(2026).
Aktuell forskning - Romske kvinner fra Øst-Europa: Prevensjon oppleves som viktig, men ikke alltid relevant.
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Andersen, Ina Lervåg; Ness-Jensen, Eivind & Lundin, Knut
(2026).
Prevalence and screening of coeliac disease. A prospective population-based cohort study: The HUNT study.
NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet.
ISSN 9788235304445.
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Forekomst og screening av cøliaki
Cøliaki er en kronisk immunmediert sykdom med dannelse av antistoffer mot enzymet transglutaminase. Når gluten fra matvarer inntas, kan dette gi en kronisk betennelse i slimhinnen i tolvfingertarmen. Tilstanden kan gi symptomer fra mage-tarm kanalen slik som oppblåsthet og løs avføring, men kan også gi symptomer fra andre organsystemer. Betennelsen kan medføre dårlig opptak av næringsstoffer fra tarmen, noe som kan føre til mangel på blant annet jern og vitaminer. Ubehandlet kan cøliaki hos enkelte individer gi økt risiko for en rekke tilstander, blant annet kreft.
Cøliaki har høy forekomst i hele verden, men spesielt i Nord-Europa, og det er en høy andel av udiagnostiserte pasienter. Forekomsten ser ut til å være økende.
Diagnosen cøliaki hos voksne stilles baserte på nivået av antistoffer mot transglutaminase i blodprøver og funn på vevsprøver tatt ved gastroskopi fra tolvfingertarmen. Hos barn kan diagnosen stilles uten gastroskopi dersom antistoffnivået er høyt nok i to prøver (over 10 ganger øvre normalområde). De nye europeiske retningslinjene for cøliaki for voksne åpner nå opp for at man kan stille diagnosen uten vevsprøver også hos voksne under 45 år, gitt visse kriterier.
I denne studien ønsket vi å finne den den totale forekomsten av cøliaki i en generell norsk befolkning, både de med kjent cøliaki og de udiagnostiserte. Videre ønsket vi å undersøke hvor gode antistoffene mot transglutaminase er til å diagnostisere cøliaki gjennom blodprøvescreening av den generelle befolkningen. Til slutt ønsket vi å undersøke hvilke tilleggsfunn som ble gjort ved den diagnostiske gastroskopien, for å avklare tilleggsnytten av å påvise andre klinisk relevante funn.
I den fjerde Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT4) ble 54505 voksne over 20 år screenet for cøliaki med blodprøve og en kombinert antistofftest mot transglutaminase IgA og IgG. Alle deltagerne med positiv blodprøve ble invitert til videre undersøkelser med blant annet nye blodprøver og gastroskopi med biopsier i tolvfingertarmen for å bekrefte diagnosen og registrere tilleggsfunn ved gastroskopi. Den totale forekomsten av cøliaki i befolkningen ble undersøkt ved å registrere deltagerne hvor det ble påvist cøliaki gjennom HUNT4, samt gjennom å finne de deltagerne med allerede kjent cøliaki med hjelp av registersøk.
Av alle 54505 HUNT4-deltagerne med tilgjengelig blodprøve hadde 2% (1107/54505) positive antistoff mot transglutaminase. Blant disse fikk 470 deltagere bekreftet diagnosen i vevsprøvene. I tillegg hadde 383 deltakere en kjent cøliaki-diagnose. Den totale forekomsten av cøliaki bekreftet med vevsprøver var 1,5 % (853/56042) og forholdet mellom nye, tidligere udiagnostiserte cøliakere (etter HUNT4) mot kjente, tidligere diagnostiserte cøliakere var 1,2:1 (470/383).
Positiv prediktiv verdi er sannsynligheten for at en person med positivt testresultat har sykdommen som det ble testet for [1]. Positiv prediktiv verdi for cøliaki bekreftet med vevsprøver ved positiv transglutaminase IgA var 73,3 %. Positiv prediktiv verdi ved 10 ganger øvre normalområde (som ved diagnostisering av barn) var 88,1 %. Positiv prediktiv verdi ved positiv transglutaminase IgG var derimot kun 5,8 %, og ved 10 ganger øvre normal 9,5 % for cøliaki bekreftet med vevsprøver.
Rundt 30 % av deltagerne hadde minst ett endoskopisk tilleggsfunn. Kun to deltagere hadde forstadier til kreftsykdom (Barretts øsofagus, magesår eller adenomer), men dette ble bare funnet hos deltagere over 60 år. Risikoen for tilleggsfunn økte med økende alder, var høyere blant menn og hos deltagere som brukte betennelsesdempende eller syrehemmende medikamenter.
Studien bekrefter at cøliaki har høy forekomst og at mange har diagnosen uten å vite det. Antistoff mot transglutaminase IgA hadde høy positiv prediktiv verdi og fungerte godt som et screeningverktøy for cøliaki i en generell befolkning. Risikoen for å overse kliniske relevante endoskopiske tilleggsfunn er lav hos voksne under 60 år. Disse funnene støtter en diagnostisk tilnærming for cøliaki uten gastroskopi hos yngre voksne.
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Abusdal, Merisa & Berg, Jens Petter
(2026).
Corticotroph pituitary adenoma: hormone production and invasiveness features.
Universitetet i Oslo.
ISSN 9788234808937.
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Corticotroph tumors, a subtype of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Functioning corticotroph adenomas (FCA) secrete excess biologically active adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), causing Cushing’s disease, whereas silent corticotroph adenomas (SCA) are typically diagnosed as non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) and present with mass-related symptoms. Despite their shared lineage, SCA tend to be larger, more aggressive, and more prone to recurrence. Their hormonal silence remains poorly understood, but may involve impaired proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processing, defective secretory pathways, and reduced activity of the prohormone convertase PC1/3 (PCSK1).
This PhD project investigated factors that may contribute to hormonal silence and aggressiveness in corticotroph tumors, focusing on the PC1/3 inhibitor PCSK1N, the cytoskeletal regulator PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We quantified PCSK1N and corticotroph marker expression in patient-derived FCA and SCA samples and assessed associations with clinical features. We induced ER stress in mouse corticotroph tumor cells and primary human FCA cultures to examine its effects on cell survival and ACTH production. Lastly, PDLIM1 was overexpressed in mouse corticotroph tumor cells to assess its effects on cell viability, migration, and morphology related to invasive behavior.
We found that corticotroph cells rely on effective ER function for ACTH production and secretion. ER stress increased PCSK1N expression and reduced secreted ACTH, suggesting a potential mechanism contributing to hormonal silence in SCA. PDLIM1 expression was higher in SCA than in FCA, and its overexpression promoted cell viability and migration in vitro, indicating a possible role in tumor aggressiveness. These findings highlight ER stress, PCSK1N, and PDLIM1 as potential contributors that influence hormonal silence and invasive behavior in corticotroph tumors.
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