wbeide

• Atukunda, Prudence; Eide, Wenche Barth; Kardel, Kristin Reimers; Iversen, Per Ole & Westerberg, Ane Cecilie (2021). Unlocking the potential for achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 2 – “Zero Hunger” - in Africa: Targets, strategies, synergies and challenges. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 65. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7686. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 (‘Zero Hunger’) aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030. Thus, a range of different strategies are needed to facilitate the achievement of SDG 2 to overcome challenges and enable synergies between various SDG targets. Objective: The aim of this review is to highlight Africa’s progress toward SDG 2, including targets, strategies, synergies and challenges. Methods: We scrutinized published research articles in peer-reviewed journals, UN reports and in-country Africa reports (between 2015 and 2020) that were relevant to the current topic. Results: Several hunger indicators are showing slow progress or even deterioration in Africa. The prevalence of undernourishment in the general population was 19.1% in 2019 and is expected to increase to 25.7% by 2030. Improvements in child stunting in several regions in Africa are slow, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where about 34% of under-fives were stunted in 2012 and 31% in 2019. In Eastern Africa, stunting prevalence decreased from 38% in 2012 to 34% in 2019. Major drivers of hunger are poor governance and state fragility, war and conflicts, increasing inequality, weak economic development, climate change, biodegradation – and now lately the Covid 19 pandemic – factors that all increase food insecurity. Conclusion: Africa is off track to reach SDG – ‘Zero Hunger’ – by 2030. Current efforts and progress are insufficient. Africa must champion the SDG agenda on a national, regional and global level to facilitate synergies to unlock the potential for reaching ‘Zero Hunger’ throughout the continent.

• Eide, Asbjørn & Eide, Wenche Barth (2020). Chapter 9: Can the United Nations system be mobilized to promote human rights-based approaches in preventing and ending childhood obesity? I Garde, Amandine; Curtis, Joshua & Schutter, Olivier De (Red.), Ending Childhood Obesity. A Challenge at the Crossroads of International Economic and Human Rights Law.. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781788114011. s. 219–250. doi: 10.4337/9781788114028.00016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nahalomo, Aziiza; Iversen, Per Ole; Rukundo, Milton Peter; Kaaya, Archileo; Kikafunda, Joyce & Eide, Wenche Barth [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Realization of the right to adequate food and the nutritional status of land evictees: A case for mothers/caregivers and their children in rural Central Uganda. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 18:21, s. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12914-018-0162-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background In developing countries like Uganda, the human right to adequate food (RtAF) is inextricably linked to access to land for households to feed themselves directly through production or means for its procurement. Whether RtAF is enjoyed among Ugandan land evictees, is unknown. We therefore explored this among land evictees (rights-holders) in Wakiso and Mpigi districts in rural Central Uganda. We assessed food accessibility and related coping strategies, diet quality and nutritional status of children 6–59 months old, and their caregivers. Effectiveness of the complaint and redress mechanisms in addressing RtAF violations was also explored. Methods In this cross-sectional study, quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire, with food security and nutritional assessment methods from a total of 215 land evictees including 187 children aged 6–59 months. Qualitative data was collected by reviewing selected national and international documents on the RtAF and key informant interviews with 15 purposively sampled duty-bearers. These included individuals or representatives of the Uganda Human Rights Commission, Resident District Commissioner, Sub-county Chiefs, and local Council leaders. Results We found that 78% of land evictees had insufficient access to food while 69.4% had consumed a less diversified diet. A majority of evictees (85.2%) relied on borrowing food or help from others to cope with food shortages. Of the 187 children assessed, 9.6% were wasted, 18.2% were underweight and 34.2% were stunted. Small, but significant associations, were found between food accessibility, diet quality, food insecurity coping strategies; and the nutritional status of evictees. We observed that administrative, quasi-judicial and judicial mechanisms to provide adequate legal remedies regarding violations of the RtAF among evictees in Uganda are in place, but not effective in doing so. Conclusion Land eviction without adequate legal remedies is a contributor to food insecurity and undernutrition in rural Central Uganda. It is essential that the Government strengthens and enforces the policy and legal environment to ensure adequate and timely compensation of evictees in order to reduce their vulnerability to food insecurity.

• Eide, Wenche Barth & Eide, Asbjørn (2016). Regulations under international human rights law and under EU law - two different regimes that could be better harmonized?: the case of food and health. European Journal of Risk Regulation. ISSN 1867-299X. 7(4), s. 728–732. doi: 10.1017/s1867299x00010151. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Marais, M.L.; McLachlan, M.H. & Eide, Wenche Barth (2016). The NOMA track module on nutrition, human rights and governance: Part 2. A transnational curriculum using a human rights-based approach to foster key competencies in nutrition professionals. African Journal of Health Professions Education. 8(2), s. 160–165. doi: 10.7196/AJHPE.2016.v8i2.554. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Marais, M.L.; McLachlan, M.H. & Eide, Wenche Barth (2016). The NOMA track module on nutrition, human rights and governance: Part 1. Perceptions held by Master’s students. African Journal of Health Professions Education. 8(2), s. 152–159. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background. In response to the challenge of the global health needs of the 21st century, four academic institutions in Norway, South Africa and Uganda, each offering a Master’s degree in nutrition, collaboratively developed the NOrwegian MAsters (NOMA) track module on nutrition, human rights and governance, integrating a human rights-based approach into graduate education in nutrition. Objective. To capture students’ perceptions about the NOMA track module, focusing on the development of key competencies. Methods. Employing a qualitative approach, 20 (91% response rate) in-depth telephonic interviews were conducted with participating students, voice recorded and transcribed. Through an inductive process, emerging themes were used to compile a code list for content analysis of the transcribed text. Relevant themes were reported according to the professionals’ roles described by the CanMEDS competency framework. Results. Participation in the module enhanced key competencies in the students, e.g. communication skills and the adoption of a holistic approach to interaction with people or communities. Their role as collaborator was enhanced by their learning to embrace diversity and cultural differences and similarities. Students had to adapt to different cultures and educational systems. They were inspired to contribute in diverse contexts and act as agents for change in the organisations in which they may work or act as leaders or co-ordinators during interaction with community groups and policy makers. Higher education institutions offering transnational modules should support lecturers to manage the inherent diversity in the classroom as a way of enhancing student performance. Conclusion. The development of future transprofessional modules will benefit from the inclusion of desirable key competencies as part of the module outcomes by following a competency by design process.

• Vogt, Line Erikstad; Rukooko, Byaruhanga; Iversen, Per Ole & Eide, Wenche Barth (2016). Human rights dimensions of food, health and care in children's homes in Kampala, Uganda - A qualitative study. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12914-016-0086-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background More than 14 % of Ugandan children are orphaned and many live in children’s homes. Ugandan authorities have targeted adolescent girls as a priority group for nutrition interventions as safeguarding nutritional health before pregnancy can reduce the chance of passing on malnutrition to the offspring and thus future generations. Ugandan authorities have obligations under international human rights law to progressively realise the rights to adequate food, health and care for all Ugandan children. Two objectives guided this study in children’s homes: (a) To examine female adolescent residents’ experiences, attitudes and views regarding: (i) eating patterns and food, (ii) health conditions, and (iii) care practices; and (b) to consider if the conditions in the homes comply with human rights standards and principles for the promotion of the rights to adequate food, health and care. Methods A human rights-based approach guided the planning and conduct of this study. Five children’s homes in Kampala were included where focus group discussions were held with girls aged 12-14 and 15-17 years. These discussions were analysed through a phenomenological approach. The conditions of food, health and care as experienced by the girls, were compared with international standards for the realisation of the human rights to adequate food, health and care. Results Food, health and care conditions varied greatly across the five homes. In some of these the girls consumed only one meal per day and had no access to clean drinking water, soap, toilet paper and sanitary napkins. The realisation of the right to adequate food for the girls was not met in three homes, the realisation of the right to health was not met in two homes, and the realisation of the right to care was not met in one home. Conclusions In three of the selected children’s homes human rights standards for food, health or care were not met. Care in the children’s homes was an important contributing factor for whether standards for the rights to adequate food and health were met.

• Torgersen, Karianne Rendal; Eide, Wenche Barth; Marais, Maritha & Iversen, Per Ole (2014). THE ROLE OF GRANDMOTHERS AS THE PRIMARY CAREGIVERS IN POOR HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR OWN RIGHT TO ADEQUATE FOOD: EXAMINING TWO COMMUNITIES IN THE BREEDE VALLEY, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights. ISSN 1021-8858. 20, s. 414–436. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Karlsen, Elisabeth; Aurdal, Kristine Stray; Terragni, Laura; Eide, Wenche Barth & Iversen, Per Ole (2013). A Human Rights-Based Approach to Challenges and Opportunities in the Process of Fulfilling Nursing Home Residents’ Right to Adequate Food. Nordic Journal of Human Rights. ISSN 1891-8131. s. 402–427. doi: https:/www.scup.com/doi/10.18261/ISSN1891-814X-2013-03-08. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stupar, Dijana; Eide, Wenche Barth; Bourne, Lesley; Hendricks, Michael; Iversen, Per Ole & Wandel, Margareta (2012). The nutrition transition and the human right to adequate food for adolescents in the Cape Town metropolitan area: Implications for nutrition policy. Food Policy. ISSN 0306-9192. 37(3), s. 199–206. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.02.007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Andresen, Ellen Cecilie; Wandel, Margareta; Eide, Wenche Barth; Herselman, M & Iversen, Per Ole (2009). Delivery of the Nutrition Supplementation Programme in the Cape Town metropolitan area from the perspective of mothers of under-fives: A qualitative study. South African Journal of Child Health. ISSN 1994-3032. 3(3), s. 90–95. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Damman, Siri; Eide, Wenche Barth & Kuhnein, HV (2008). Indigenous peoples' nutrition transition in a right to food perspective. Food Policy. ISSN 0306-9192. 33. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2007.08.002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oshaug, Arne & Eide, Wenche Barth (2003). The long process of giving content to an economic, social and cultural right : twenty-five years with the case of the right to adequate food, Human rights and criminal justice for the downtrodden. Marinus Nijhoff Publishers. s. 325–369. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth; Oshaug, Arne & Sidibe, Ousmane (2003). Mobilising states and other actors for a rights-based approach to food and nutritional health, Moderne aspects of nutrition : present knowledge and future perspectives. Krager. s. 141–142. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2002). Nutrition and Human Rights, Nutrition: A Foundation for Development. UN ACC/Sub-Committee on Nutrition. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A Foundation For Development is a compilation of briefs on of the latest research findings in nutrition as they relate to other development sectors. The briefs are designed to facilitate dialogue between nutrition and other development professionals. They are organized both as a complete set or as stand-alone briefs that make the case for integrating nutrition into the work of the development community. Brief 10 on Nutrition and Human Rights discusses how the new human rights paradigm fits well with the focus on the human being in the nutrition community and how nutrition can help strengthen the advancement of the right to adequate food as well as other eonomic, social and cultural rights.

• Eide, Wenche Barth (2002). Nutrition and Human Rights, Nutrition: A Foundation for Development. UN ACC/Sub-Committee on Nutrition. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A Foundation For Development is a compilation of briefs on of the latest research findings in nutrition as they relate to other development sectors. The briefs are designed to facilitate dialogue between nutrition and other development professionals. They are organized both as a complete set or as stand-alone briefs that make the case for integrating nutrition into the work of the development community. Brief 10 on Nutrition and Human Rights discusses how the new human rights paradigm fits well with the focus on the human being in the nutrition community and how nutrition can help strengthen the advancement of the right to adequate food as well as other eonomic, social and cultural rights.

• Eide, Wenche Barth; Damman, Siri; Silkoset, Unni; Helsing, Elisabet & Oshaug, Arne (2002). Training for contemporary understanding of the human nutrition condition : globalisation, human rights and governance as dimensions of the study and practice of public nutrition in the 21st centruy - experiences from recent educational innovations at the University of Oslo. ?. 2(1), s. 46–55. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2001). Breaking Conceptual and Methodological Ground: Promoting the Human Right to Adequate Food and Nutrition. An example of activism with an academic base. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. ISSN 0367-0244. 40(6), s. 571–595. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper provides highlights of the evolving international "nutrition activism" conducted over two decades that recognises access to adequate food, health and care as human rights embedded in international human rights law. The basic proposition is that truly rights-based approaches offer new opportunities for strengthening monitoring, advocacy and accountability in promoting food and nutrition activism, alike. Nutrition scholars may contribute to empirical and policy research on indicators and evidence of fulfilment or non-fulfilment of obligations by states and other actors, in protecting and promoting these rights as preconditions for freedom from hunger and nutritional wellbeing. Also, scholars' allotment of time to certain activities that may be perceived by peers as lying outside legitimised academic activities including networking, lobbying and advocacy, may prove critical in driving some of the very processes on which empirical and policy research would in turn be based.

• Eide, Wenche Barth & Oshaug, Arne (1999). The nature and levels of state involvement in governance towards food security. A conceptual, normative approach with practical implications. I Ogunrinade, Ade & May, Julian (Red.), Not By Bread Alone: Food Security and Governance in Africa. University of Witvatersrand Press, Johannesburg, South Africa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The chapter is a conceptual contribution to the discussion on governance for food security, taking into consideration the broad understanding of governance as extending into a partnership between the state and other actors, notably within the civil society of non-state actors, as well as actors from the private (commercial) sector. It discusses the dynamics of this partnership and the critical need for human resource building to adress and maintain the appropriate balance between its actors in the strive for food security. The paper suggests that good theoretical frameworks, based on a comprehensive set of principles and values in the public interest, can aid in establishing meaningful interdisciplinary and intersectoral dialogue, where theory should be linked with first hand experience and praxis towards visionary, but at the same time practical tools for governance for food security.

• Eide, Wenche Barth & Kracht, Uwe (1999). The International Code on the Human Right to Adequate Food: stepping stone on the road to rights-based development. Institut International Jacques Maritain, Notes ET Documents, XXIVième année. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper analyses the role played by the International Code of Conduct on the Human Right to Adequate Food, produced by international NGOs within less than a year after the World Food Summit in 1996. The Code is a major response from the NGO community to the Summit's call for giving operational meaning to the right to food and the possibility for working out 'voluntary guidelines' for its implementation. The paper reviews and analyses the impact made by the Code on the UN machinery concerned with human rights, food, nutrition and development. While yet to be adopted, as a "working tool" it has facilitated broadly-based agreement on the contents of the right to food both in and out of the UN and is assumed to assist the identification of responsibilities by various actors - states, private sector, civil society, and international development organisations - towards the realisation of the right to food for all. The paper also discusses the Code of Conduct on the right to food in relation to other codes established by humanitarian organisations, and points to the growing need for greater convergence of human rights and humanitarian law in response to the conflicts of our times.

• Eide, Wenche Barth & Oshaug, Arne (1997). Community, public, and global nutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 66, s. 197–198. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth; Alfredsson, Gudmundur & Oshaug, Arne (1996). Human resource building for the promotion of nutrition rights. Food Policy. ISSN 0306-9192. 21, s. 139–152. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oshaug, Arne; Eide, Wenche Barth & Eide, Asbjørn (1994). Human rights: a normative basis for food and nutrition policies. Food Policy. ISSN 0306-9192. 19, s. 491–516. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Eide, Wenche Barth (2015). Chapter 4. Strengthening food security through human rights: A moral and legal imperative and practical opportunity. Routledge. ISBN 9780415822558. 21 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth & Kracht, Uwe (2007). Food and Human Rights in Development: Evolving Issues and Emerging Applications, volume 2. Intersentia. ISBN 9789050954594. 566 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth & Kracht, Uwe (2006). Food and Human Rights in Development. Volume 2: Envolving issues and emerging applications. Intersentia. ISBN 9789050954594. 450 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth & Kracht, Uwe (2005). Food and Human Rights in Development, Volume 1; Legal and institutional dimensions and selected topics. Intersentia. ISBN 9789050953856. 528 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth & Kracht,, U. (2005). Food and Human Rights in Development Volume I: Legal and Institutional dimensions. Intersentia. ISBN 9789050953856. 528 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Asbjørn & Eide, Wenche Barth (1999). Article 25 - the right to an adequate standard of living. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 9789041111685. 28 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Henjum, Sigrun; Torheim, Liv Elin; Løvhaug, Anne Lene; Lund-Iversen, Kaja; Eide, Wenche Barth & Lien, Nanna (2025). Mat og menneskerettigheter i ernæringsrelatert folkehelsearbeid. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 23(3), s. 191–199. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hva retten til fullgod mat som menneskerettighet innebærer, har i stor grad blitt fortolket av norske akademikere innen samfunnsernæring og menneskerettighets-jus i nært samarbeid med internasjonale kollegaer og norske myndigheter. Arbeidet har til tider vært nært knyttet til utviklingen av sentrale dokumenter og prosesser i FN-systemet. Dette arbeidet danner grunnlaget for aktivitetene i Kompetansenettverket for mat og menneskerettigheter (KoMM). KoMM har som formål å bidra til økt kompetanse om hvordan ulike aktører kan bruke en menneskerettighetsbasert tilnærming i arbeid med mat, ernæring, matsikkerhet, og sunne og bærekraftige matsystemer for å oppfylle FNs bærekraftsmål – primært i Norge, men også gjennom at Norge opprettholder og viderefører sin aktivitet på de relevante globale arenaene.

• Eide, Wenche Barth; Torheim, Liv Elin; Løvhaug, Anne Lene & Eide, Asbjørn (2017). Progress in defining and promoting respect for human rights in the food and nutrition-relevant business sector. UNSCN News. s. 95–101. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth & Maunder, Eleni M.W. (2016). A Human rights-Based Approach to Community and Public Nutrition. Theoretical Underpinnings and Evolving Experiences. I Temple, Norman J (Red.), Community Nutrition for Developing Countries. AU Press and UNISA. ISSN 9781927356111. doi: 10.15215/aupress/9781927356111.01. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Torheim, Liv Elin; Eide, Wenche Barth; Granheim, Sabrina IDO; Oshaug, Arne; Roalkvam, Sidsel & Afrim-Narh, Abraham Tetteh [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). “Big Food”challenges: Can the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights serve to promote the human rights to adequate food and health? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rendal, K.T.; Iversen, Per Ole; Eide, Wenche Barth & Marais, M.L. (2013). HOW DOES THE ROLE OF GRANDMOTHERS AS PRIMARY CAREGIVERS IN POOR HOUSEHOLDS, COMPROMISE THEIR OWN RIGHT TO ADEQUATE FOOD? Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. ISSN 0250-6807. 63, s. 670–670. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2013). SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR FOOD SECURITY: THE RIGHT OF VULNERABLE MOTHERS TO SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROMOTING ADEQUATE SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING FOR YOUNG CHILDREN. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. ISSN 0250-6807. 63, s. 1095–1095. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2009). FRAMING NUTRITION POLICIES AND ACTION THROUGH GOVERNANCE BASED ON HUMAN RIGHTS NORMS AND PRINCIPLES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROGRESS. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. ISSN 0250-6807. 55, s. 36–37. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2002). Gender and Nutrition. HUNGRY for what is right. ?(3). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Gender differences in access to resources, including resources for food (ownership to land, capital, technology) as well as to adequate food itself, have been well demonstrated. They are often rooted in clear discriminatory practices, which may be culturally based or coming about as effects of ¿modernisation¿ and economic and social change, usually a combination of both. The importance of understanding the impact of gender differences on the nutrition of women themselves has been accentuated in recent years through the new insights and hypothesis that a malnourished mother may give birth to a child who is already malnourished from within the womb. Newer insights point to a possible link between malnutrition during foetal life and a subsequent ¿programming¿ of that individual for greater susceptibility to diseases also in later life, of a kind that one earlier connected with affluence in the richer countries - heart disease, obesity and diabetes. This underscores the enormous importance of good nutrition for women and the girl child, soon to be a mother. This should be addressed under a human rights perspective and include arrangements to end possible gender-discriminatory feeding practices at a critical period in life, with long-term and possibly inter-generational nutritional consequences for a healthier population.

• Eide, Wenche Barth; Oshaug, Arne & Sidibe, Ousmane (2001). Mobilising states and other actors for a right-based approach to food and nutrition - exploring some critical aspects of the process. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2001). Promoting nutrition security goals: defining and assessing accountability through a human rights approach The contribution of community capacity development for monitoring aspects of the realisation of the rights to food, health and care for nutritional well-being. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2001). Nutrition from below and from above. Bokanmeldelse: Thomas J. Marchione (ed.): Scaling Up, Scaling Down. Overcoming Malnutrition in Developing Countries. Gordon and Breach Publishers[/Overseas Publishers Association, Amsteldijk, The Netherlands], 1999. Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1102-6480. 45(3), s. 37–37. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth (2001). World Food System - Serving all or serving some? [Radio]. USA World Food Day Teleconference/George Washington University, Washington DC : US National World Food Day Committee. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Wenche Barth & Valente, Flavio Luis Schieck (1999). Operationalising Rights and 0bligations in the Fields, Nutrition, Water and Health - and their Interconnections. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper illustrates a fundamental axiom in the conceptualization and language of human rights: their interrelatedness, interdependence and indivisibility. Food, nutrition, water and health are not discrete goods to be enjoyed one-by-one. The full enjoyment of each right depends on the enjoyment of all of the others in a situation of mutually reinforcing conditions. This is a strength, but can pose problems when trying to delineate the more precise content of each. A global process is now needed of states and non-state actors learning from each other how to translate this universality to local contexts and opportunities. This can only be done from within a country itself while the international community can propose and provide some useful tools. Examples of such tools are given, these can in turn be refined in the global-national interactive process of operationalizing the rights to food, nutrition, water, health and other components of the right to an adequate standard of living or livelihood security. The evolving case of Brazil is discussed to demonstrate how key human development concerns is being integrating with economic, social and cultural rights, starting with the right to food and nutrition.

• Eide, Wenche Barth (1999). The right to food as a human right - in Europe, too? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper reviews the growing opportunities for approaching food and nutrition policy and programmes from a human rights perspective. Recommendations made by the World Food Summit in 1996, the 1997 Reform Programme for the United Nations System, and the celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Declaration of Human Rights in 1998, have led to considerable international efforts to clarify how to monitor, promote and protect the right to food and nutrition as part of the wider human rights framework under international law. Activities have also recently been set in motion in a few countries to identify legislative and administrative steps to comply with important international conventions containing provisions on the right to food and nutrition. Much of the concern and debate on linkages between human rights and human and social development have been related to hunger and malnutrition in third world countries. Is there a similar reason for adoption of a human rights approach to food and nutrition issues in Europe? The paper provides arguments for a positive answer and shows how European countries that have ratified relevant international conventions are under legal obligation to help ensure the realization of everybody's right to adequate food and to good nutrition.

• Tømte, Aksel; Eide, Asbjørn; Eide, Wenche Barth & Erdal, Marit (2017). Investments and Land Rights : the role of the private sector in ensuring responsible governance of tenure. Norsk senter for menneskerettigheter, Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bard, A A; Eide, Wenche Barth; Immink, M & Oshaug, Arne (2006). Practical Methods to Monitor the Human Right to Adequate Food : Volume 2 : Approaches and Tools. Prepared to FAO by International Project on the Right to Food in Development. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oshaug, Arne; Bard, A A; Eide, Wenche Barth & Immink, M (2006). Practical Methods to Monitor the Human Right to Adequate Food : Volume 1 : Enhancing the Case for Monitoring the Human Right to Adequate Food - A Framework. Prepared to FAO by International Project on the Right to Food in Development. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA