Anne Margarita Dyrhol Riise

• Barratt-Due, Andreas; Pettersen, Kristin; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Holter, Jan Cato; Grønli, Renathe Henriksen & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2024). Escalated complement activation during hospitalization is associated with higher risk of 60-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. doi: 10.1111/joim.13783.
• Alonso-Rodríguez, Noelia; Vianello, Eleonora; van Veen, Suzanne; Jenum, Synne; Tonby, Kristian & van Riessen, Rosalie [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Whole blood RNA signatures in tuberculosis patients receiving H56:IC31 vaccine as adjunctive therapy. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 15. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350593.
• Ueland, Thor; Michelsen, Annika Elisabet; Tveita, Anders; Kåsine, Trine; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter & Finbråten, Ane-Kristine [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2023). Coagulopathy and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from the NOR-Solidarity trial. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (RPTH). ISSN 2475-0379. 8(1). doi: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102289. Full text in Research Archive
• Nore, Kristin Grotle; Louet, Claire; Bugge, Marit; Gidon, Alexandre; Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt & Jenum, Synne [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). The Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor Etoricoxib as Adjunctive Therapy in Tuberculosis Impairs Macrophage Control of Mycobacterial Growth. Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0022-1899. 229(3), p. 888–897. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad390.
• Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Halvorsen, Bente; Holter, Jan Cato; Huse, Camilla; Tveita, Anders & Trøseid, Marius [Show all 24 contributors for this article] (2023). Circulating markers of extracellular matrix remodelling in severe COVID-19 patients. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 294(6), p. 784–797. doi: 10.1111/joim.13725. Full text in Research Archive
• Gunst, Jesper D.; Højen, Jesper F.; Pahus, Marie H.; Rosás-Umbert, Miriam; Stiksrud, Birgitte & McMahon, James H. [Show all 33 contributors for this article] (2023). Impact of a TLR9 agonist and broadly neutralizing antibodies on HIV-1 persistence: the randomized phase 2a TITAN trial. Nature Medicine. ISSN 1078-8956. 29(10), p. 2547–2558. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02547-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Abdelhak, Ahmed; Barba, Lorenzo; Romoli, Michele; Benkert, Pascal; Conversi, Francesco & D’Anna, Lucio [Show all 38 contributors for this article] (2023). Prognostic performance of blood neurofilament light chain protein in hospitalized COVID-19 patients without major central nervous system manifestations: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology. ISSN 0340-5354. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11768-1.
• Trøseid, Marius; Holter, Jan Cato; Holm, Kristian; Vestad, Beate; Sazonova, Taisiia & Granerud, Beathe Kiland [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). Gut microbiota composition during hospitalization is associated with 60-day mortality after severe COVID-19. Critical Care. ISSN 1364-8535. 27(1). doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04356-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Pan, Hongchao; Peto, Richard; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Alejandria, Marissa M.; Henao-Restrepo, Ana-Maria & Hernández-García, César [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 399(10339), p. 1941–1953. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00519-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The Solidarity trial among COVID-19 inpatients has previously reported interim mortality analyses for four repurposed antiviral drugs. Lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, and interferon (IFN)-β1a were discontinued for futility but randomisation to remdesivir continued. Here, we report the final results of Solidarity and meta-analyses of mortality in all relevant trials to date. Methods Solidarity enrolled consenting adults (aged ≥18 years) recently hospitalised with, in the view of their doctor, definite COVID-19 and no contraindication to any of the study drugs, regardless of any other patient characteristics. Participants were randomly allocated, in equal proportions between the locally available options, to receive whichever of the four study drugs (lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, IFN-β1a, or remdesivir) were locally available at that time or no study drug (controls). All patients also received the local standard of care. No placebos were given. The protocol-specified primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, subdivided by disease severity. Secondary endpoints were progression to ventilation if not already ventilated, and time-to-discharge from hospital. Final log-rank and Kaplan-Meier analyses are presented for remdesivir, and are appended for all four study drugs. Meta-analyses give weighted averages of the mortality findings in this and all other randomised trials of these drugs among hospital inpatients. Solidarity is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN83971151, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04315948. Findings Between March 22, 2020, and Jan 29, 2021, 14 304 potentially eligible patients were recruited from 454 hospitals in 35 countries in all six WHO regions. After the exclusion of 83 (0·6%) patients with a refuted COVID-19 diagnosis or encrypted consent not entered into the database, Solidarity enrolled 14 221 patients, including 8275 randomly allocated (1:1) either to remdesivir (ten daily infusions, unless discharged earlier) or to its control (allocated no study drug although remdesivir was locally available). Compliance was high in both groups. Overall, 602 (14·5%) of 4146 patients assigned to remdesivir died versus 643 (15·6%) of 4129 assigned to control (mortality rate ratio [RR] 0·91 [95% CI 0·82–1·02], p=0·12). Of those already ventilated, 151 (42·1%) of 359 assigned to remdesivir died versus 134 (38·6%) of 347 assigned to control (RR 1·13 [0·89–1·42], p=0·32). Of those not ventilated but on oxygen, 14·6% assigned to remdesivir died versus 16·3% assigned to control (RR 0·87 [0·76–0·99], p=0·03). Of 1730 not on oxygen initially, 2·9% assigned to remdesivir died versus 3·8% assigned to control (RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28], p=0·30). Combining all those not ventilated initially, 11·9% assigned to remdesivir died versus 13·5% assigned to control (RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98], p=0·02) and 14·1% versus 15·7% progressed to ventilation (RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00], p=0·04). The non-prespecified composite outcome of death or progression to ventilation occurred in 19·6% assigned to remdesivir versus 22·5% assigned to control (RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93], p=0·001). Allocation to daily remdesivir infusions (vs open-label control) delayed discharge by about 1 day during the 10-day treatment period. A meta-analysis of mortality in all randomised trials of remdesivir versus no remdesivir yielded similar findings. Interpretation Remdesivir has no significant effect on patients with COVID-19 who are already being ventilated. Among other hospitalised patients, it has a small effect against death or progression to ventilation (or both).

• Baruch, Joaquin; Rojek, Amanda; Kartsonaki, Christiana; Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi; Gonçalves, Bronner P. & Pritchard, Mark G. [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Symptom-based case definitions for COVID-19: Time and geographical variations for detection at hospital admission among 260,000 patients. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. ISSN 1750-2640. 16(6), p. 1040–1050. doi: 10.1111/irv.13039.
• Wainstein, Marina; MacDonald, Samual; Fryer, Daniel; Young, Kyle; Balan, Valeria & Begum, Husna [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Use of an extended KDIGO definition to diagnose acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: A multinational study using the ISARIC–WHO clinical characterisation protocol. PLoS Medicine. ISSN 1549-1277. 19(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003969.
• Reyes, Luis Felipe; Murthy, Srinivas; Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Merson, Laura; Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D. & Rello, Jordi [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study. Critical Care. ISSN 1364-8535. 26(1). doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04155-1.
• Cho, Sung-Min; White, Nicole; Premraj, Lavienraj; Battaglini, Denise; Fanning, Jonathon & Suen, Jacky [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children. Brain. ISSN 0006-8950. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac332.
• Gonçalves, Bronner P.; Hall, Matthew; Jassat, Waasila; Balan, Valeria; Murthy, Srinivas & Kartsonaki, Christiana [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). An international observational study to assess the impact of the Omicron variant emergence on the clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 11. doi: 10.7554/eLife.80556.
• Olsen, Maria Belland; Huse, Camilla; Sousa, Mirta; Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Sarno, Antonio & Obermann, Tobias Sebastian [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2022). DNA Repair Mechanisms are Activated in Circulating Lymphocytes of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients. Journal of Inflammation Research. ISSN 1178-7031. 15, p. 6629–6644. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S379331. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Erik Egeland; Binde, Christina; Leegaard, Marianne; Tonby, Kristian; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Kvale, Dag [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY and ADDED VALUE of INFECTION BIOMARKERS in PATIENTS with POSSIBLE SEPSIS in the EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. Shock. ISSN 1073-2322. 58(4), p. 251–259. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001981. Full text in Research Archive
• Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Merson, Laura; Kennon, Kalynn; Kelly, Sadie; Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru & Fryer, Daniel Vidali [Show all 1,775 contributors for this article] (2022). ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Scientific Data. ISSN 2052-4463. 9(1). doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01534-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Gohli, Jostein; Brantsæter, Arne Broch; Bøifot, Kari Oline; Grub, Carola; Granerud, Beathe Kiland & Holter, Jan Cato (2022). SARS-CoV-2 in the Air Surrounding Patients during Nebulizer Therapy. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. ISSN 1712-9532. 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/9297974. Full text in Research Archive
• Lekva, Tove; Ueland, Thor; Halvorsen, Bente; Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Tveita, Anders Aune [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Markers of cellular senescence is associated with persistent pulmonary pathology after COVID-19 infection. Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2374-4235. 54(12), p. 918–923. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2113135. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The lungs are the organ most likely to sustain serious injury from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the mechanisms for long-term complications are not clear. Patients with severe COVID-19 have shorter telomere lengths and higher levels of cellular senescence, and we hypothesized that circulating levels of the telomere-associated senescence markers chitotriosidase, β-galactosidase, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide and stathmin 1 (STMN1) were elevated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to controls and could be associated with pulmonary sequelae following hospitalization. Methods Ninety-seven hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who underwent assessment for pulmonary sequelae at three-month follow-up were included in the study. β-Galactosidase and chitotriosidase were analysed by fluorescence; stathmin 1 and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide were analysed by enzyme immuno-assay in plasma samples from the acute phase and after three-months. In addition, the classical senescence markers cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A and 2A were analysed by enzyme immuno-assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysate after three months. Results We found elevated plasma levels of the senescence markers chitotriosidase and stathmin 1 in patients three months after hospitalization with COVID-19, and these markers in addition to protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A in cell lysate, were associated with pulmonary pathology. The elevated levels of these markers seem to reflect both age-dependent (chitotriosidase) and age-independent (stathmin 1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) processes. Conclusions We suggest that accelerated ageing or senescence could be important for long-term pulmonary complications of COVID-19, and our findings may be relevant for future research exploring the pathophysiology and management of these patients.

• Chendi, Bih Hycenta; Jooste, Tracey; Scriba, Thomas Jens; Kidd, Martin; Mendelsohn, Simon & Tonby, Kristian [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Utility of a three-gene transcriptomic signature in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a low-endemic hospital setting. Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2374-4235. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2129779. Full text in Research Archive
• Tveita, Anders Aune; Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Holter, Jan Cato; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Michelsen, Annika Elisabet & Lerum, Tøri Vigeland [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2022). High Circulating Levels of the Homeostatic Chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 Predict Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19. Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0022-1899. 226(12), p. 2150–2160. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac313. Full text in Research Archive
• Trøseid, Marius; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Holter, Jan Cato; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen & Yang, Kuan [Show all 28 contributors for this article] (2022). Persistent T-cell exhaustion in relation to prolonged pulmonary pathology and death after severe COVID-19: Results from two Norwegian cohort studies. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 292(5), p. 816–828. doi: 10.1111/joim.13549. Full text in Research Archive
• Degenhardt, Frauke; Ellinghaus, David; Juzenas, Simonas; Lerga-Jaso, Jon; Wendorff, Mareike & Maya-Miles, Douglas [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations. Human Molecular Genetics. ISSN 0964-6906. 31(23), p. 3945–3966. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac158. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended genome-wide association meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3255 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12 488 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a ∼0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism that creates two highly differentiated haplotypes and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative including non-Caucasian individuals, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung.

• Bouziotis, Jason; Arvanitakis, Marianna; Preiser, Jean-Charles; Abbas, Ali; Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann & Abdulkadir, Nurul Najmee [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2022). Association of body mass index with COVID-19 related in-hospital death. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 41(12), p. 2924–2926. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.017. Full text in Research Archive
• Ueland, Thor; Sørvoll, Ingvild Hausberg; Mørtberg, Trude Victoria; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Lerum, Tøri Vigeland & Michelsen, Annika Elisabet [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2022). Anti-PF4/polyanion antibodies in COVID-19 patients are associated with disease severity and pulmonary pathology. Platelets. ISSN 0953-7104. 33(4), p. 640–644. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2042238. Full text in Research Archive
• Hammer, Quirin; Dunst, Josefine; Christ, Wanda; Picarazzi, Francesca; Wendorff, Mareike & Momayyezi, Pouria [Show all 51 contributors for this article] (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 encodes for an HLA-E-stabilizing peptide that abrogates inhibition of NKG2A-expressing NK cells. Cell reports. ISSN 2211-1247. 38(10). doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110503. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that contribute to host defense against virus infections. NK cells respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and are activated in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, by which mechanisms NK cells detect SARS-CoV-2-infected cells remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Non-structural protein 13 of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for a peptide that is presented by human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E). In contrast with self-peptides, the viral peptide prevents binding of HLA-E to the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, thereby rendering target cells susceptible to NK cell attack. In line with these observations, NKG2A-expressing NK cells are particularly activated in patients with COVID-19 and proficiently limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected lung epithelial cells in vitro. Thus, these data suggest that a viral peptide presented by HLA-E abrogates inhibition of NKG2A+ NK cells, resulting in missing self-recognition.

• Meyer-Myklestad, Malin Holm; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm; Stiksrud, Birgitte; Lorvik, Kristina Berg; Seljeflot, Ingebjørg & Hansen, Simen Hyll [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Probiotics to HIV-infected immunological nonresponders: Altered mucosal immunity and microbial diversity restricted to ileum. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. ISSN 1525-4135. 89(1), p. 77–86. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002817.
• Wæhre, Torgun; Tunheim, Gro; Bodin, Johanna Eva; Laake, Ida; Kvale, Dag & Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Clinical characteristics and outcomes in hospitalized adult influenza patients: an observational study from Norway 2014-2018. Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2374-4235. 54(5), p. 367–377. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2021.2022196. Full text in Research Archive
• Vestad, Beate; Ueland, Thor; Lerum, Tøri Vigeland; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Holm, Kristian & Barratt-Due, Andreas [Show all 37 contributors for this article] (2022). Respiratory dysfunction three months after severe COVID-19 is associated with gut microbiota alterations. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 291(6), p. 801–812. doi: 10.1111/joim.13458. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory infection, mounting evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is involved in the disease, with gut barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota alterations being related to disease severity. Whether these alterations persist and are related to long-term respiratory dysfunction remains unknown. Methods: Plasma was collected during hospital admission and after three months from the NOR-Solidarity trial (n = 181) and analysed for markers of gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation. At the three-month follow-up, pulmonary function was assessed by measuring the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO ). Rectal swabs for gut microbiota analyses were collected (n = 97) and analysed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Gut microbiota diversity was reduced in COVID-19 patients with respiratory dysfunction, defined as DLCO below the lower limit of normal three months after hospitalisation. These patients also had an altered global gut microbiota composition, with reduced relative abundance of 20 bacterial taxa and increased abundance of five taxa, including Veillonella, potentially linked to fibrosis. During hospitalisation, increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were strongly associated with respiratory failure, defined as pO2 /fiO2 -(P/F ratio)

• Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann; Abe, Ryuzo; Abel, Laurent; Absil, Lara; Acker, Andrew & Adachi, Shingo [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). COVID‐19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study. Infection. ISSN 0300-8126. 49, p. 889–905. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01599-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann; Abe, Ryuzo; Abel, Laurent; Absil, Lara; Acharya, Subhash & Acker, Andrew [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Ten months of temporal variation in the clinical journey of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort. eLIFE. ISSN 2050-084X. 10:e70970, p. 1–30. doi: 10.7554/eLife.70970. Full text in Research Archive
• Reyes, Luis Felipe; Murthy, Srinivas; Garcia-Gallo, Esteban; Irvine, Mike; Merson, Laura & Martin-Loeches, Ignacio [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2021). Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: a prospective, multinational, multicentre, observational study. European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). ISSN 2312-0541. 8(1). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00552-2021. Full text in Research Archive
• Kåsine, Trine; Riise, Anne Margarita Dyrhol; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Olsen, Inge Christoffer & Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina [Show all 39 contributors for this article] (2021). Neutrophil count predicts outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Results from the NOR-Solidarity trial. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 291(2), p. 241–243. doi: 10.1111/joim.13377. Show summary

  Despite numerous studies on SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, we still lack markers for rapid disease progression with admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or respiratory failure(RF). Few studies have evaluated the prognostic value of routine diagnostic repertoire available at most hospitals. The NOR-Solidarity trial is an independent add-on study to the WHO Solidarity trial, evaluating hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)and remdesivir compared to standard of care in hospitalized COVID-19 patients [1]. We explored whether standard biomarkers in peripheral blood could give information on ICU admission and RFin hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

• Jenum, Synne; Tonby, Kristian; Rueegg, Corina Silvia; Ruhwald, Morten; Kristiansen, Max Per & Bang, Peter [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). A Phase I/II randomized trial of H56:IC31 vaccination and adjunctive cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitor treatment in tuberculosis patients. Nature Communications. ISSN 2041-1723. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27029-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Niemi, Mari E.K.; Karjalainen, Juha; Liao, Rachel G.; Neale, Benjamin M.; Daly, Mark & Ganna, Andrea [Show all 84 contributors for this article] (2021). Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 600(7889), p. 472–477. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.

• Lerum, Tøri Vigeland; Maltzahn, Niklas; Aukrust, Pål; Trøseid, Marius; Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina & Kåsine, Trine [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). Persistent pulmonary pathology after COVID-19 is associated with high viral load, weak antibody response, and high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 11, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02547-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The association between pulmonary sequelae and markers of disease severity, as well as pro-fibrotic mediators, were studied in 108 patients 3 months after hospital admission for COVID-19. The COPD assessment test (CAT-score), spirometry, diffusion capacity of the lungs (DLCO), and chest-CT were performed at 23 Norwegian hospitals included in the NOR-SOLIDARITY trial, an open-labelled, randomised clinical trial, investigating the efficacy of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Thirty-eight percent had a CAT-score ≥ 10. DLCO was below the lower limit of normal in 29.6%. Ground-glass opacities were present in 39.8% on chest-CT, parenchymal bands were found in 41.7%. At admission, low pO2/FiO2 ratio, ICU treatment, high viral load, and low antibody levels, were predictors of a poorer pulmonary outcome after 3 months. High levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 during hospitalisation and at 3 months were associated with persistent CT-findings. Except for a negative effect of remdesivir on CAT-score, we found no effect of remdesivir or HCQ on long-term pulmonary outcomes. Three months after hospital admission for COVID-19, a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms, reduced DLCO, and persistent CT-findings was observed. Low pO2/FiO2 ratio, ICU-admission, high viral load, low antibody levels, and high levels of MMP-9 were associated with a worse pulmonary outcome.

• Lorvik, Kristina Berg; Meyer-Myklestad, Malin Holm; Kushekhar, Kushi; Handeland, Charlotte Andrea; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm & Lund-Iversen, Marius [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Enhanced Gut-Homing Dynamics and Pronounced Exhaustion of Mucosal and Blood CD4⁺ T Cells in HIV-Infected Immunological Non-Responders. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 12, p. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744155. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt; Nore, Kristin Grotle; Aass, Hans Christian Dalsbotten; Layre, Emilie; Nigou, Jérôme & Mortensen, Rasmus [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Plasma LOX-Products and Monocyte Signaling Is Reduced by Adjunctive Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor in a Phase I Clinical Trial of Tuberculosis Patients. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. ISSN 2235-2988. 11, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.669623. Full text in Research Archive
• Chendi, Bih Hycenta; Tveiten, Hallgeir; Snyders, Candice I.; Tonby, Kristian; Jenum, Synne & Nielsen, Susanne D. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). CCL1 and IL-2Ra differentiate Tuberculosis disease from latent infection Irrespective of HIV infection in low TB burden countries. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. p. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.07.036. Full text in Research Archive
• Chendi, Bih Hycenta; Snyders, Candice I.; Tonby, Kristian; Jenum, Synne; Kidd, Martin & Walzl, Gerhard [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). A Plasma 5-Marker Host Biosignature Identifies Tuberculosis in High and Low Endemic Countries. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 12, p. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.608846. Full text in Research Archive
• Barratt-Due, Andreas; Olsen, Inge Christoffer; Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina; Kåsine, Trine; Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof & Hoel, Hedda Benedicte [Show all 43 contributors for this article] (2021). Evaluation of the Effects of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine on Viral Clearance in COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0003-4819. 174(9), p. 1261–1269. doi: 10.7326/M21-0653. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: New treatment modalities are urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) Solidarity trial showed no effect of remdesivir or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on mortality, but the antiviral effects of these drugs are not known. Objective: To evaluate the effects of remdesivir and HCQ on all-cause, in-hospital mortality; the degree of respiratory failure and inflammation; and viral clearance in the oropharynx. Design: NOR-Solidarity is an independent, add-on, randomized controlled trial to the WHO Solidarity trial that included biobanking and 3 months of clinical follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04321616). Setting: 23 hospitals in Norway. Patients: Eligible patients were adults hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intervention: Between 28 March and 4 October 2020, a total of 185 patients were randomly assigned and 181 were included in the full analysis set. Patients received remdesivir (n = 42), HCQ (n = 52), or standard of care (SoC) (n = 87). Measurements: In addition to the primary end point of WHO Solidarity, study-specific outcomes were viral clearance in oropharyngeal specimens, the degree of respiratory failure, and inflammatory variables. Results: No significant differences were seen between treatment groups in mortality during hospitalization. There was a marked decrease in SARS-CoV-2 load in the oropharynx during the first week overall, with similar decreases and 10-day viral loads among the remdesivir, HCQ, and SoC groups. Remdesivir and HCQ did not affect the degree of respiratory failure or inflammatory variables in plasma or serum. The lack of antiviral effect was not associated with symptom duration, level of viral load, degree of inflammation, or presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at hospital admittance. Limitation: The trial had no placebo group. Conclusion: Neither remdesivir nor HCQ affected viral clearance in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

• Sigfrid, Louise; Cevik, Muge; Jesudason, Edwin; Lim, Wei Shen; Rello, Jordi & Amuasi, John [Show all 37 contributors for this article] (2021). What is the recovery rate and risk of long-term consequences following a diagnosis of COVID-19? A harmonised, global longitudinal observational study protocol. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 11:e043887(3), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043887. Full text in Research Archive
• Ueland, Thor; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Woll, Bjørn Martin; Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Pettersen, Frank O. & Lind, Andreas [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Increased inflammatory markers reflecting fibrogenesis are independently associated with cardiac involvement in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 82(5), p. 186–230. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.017.
• Aamodt, Anne Hege; Høgestøl, Einar August; Popperud, Trine Haug; Holter, Jan Cato; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Tonby, Kristian [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2021). Blood neurofilament light concentration at admittance: a potential prognostic marker in COVID-19. Journal of Neurology. ISSN 0340-5354. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10517-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Christensen, Erik; Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt; Nore, Kristin Grotle; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Yang, Kuan & Ranheim, Trine [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2021). Critical COVID-19 is associated with distinct leukocyte phenotypes and transcriptome patterns. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. p. 1–16. doi: 10.1111/joim.13310. Full text in Research Archive
• Meyer-Myklestad, Malin Holm; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm; Lorvik, Kristina Berg; Seljeflot, Ingebjørg; Hansen, Simen Hyll & Holm, Kristian [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). HIV-infected immunological non-responders have colon-restricted gut mucosal immune dysfunction. Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0022-1899. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa714. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt; Jenum, Synne; Tonby, Kristian; Mortensen, Rasmus; Walzl, Gerhard & Plessis, Nelita Du [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells reflect tuberculosis severity and are influenced by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. ISSN 0741-5400. doi: 10.1002/JLB.4A0720-409RR. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt; Holter, Jan Cato; Christensen, Erik; Schjalm, Camilla; Tonby, Kristian & Pischke, Soeren [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2020). Increased interleukin-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78710-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Nore, Kristin Grotle; Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Jenum, Synne & Tonby, Kristian (2020). Elevated Levels of Anti-Inflammatory Eicosanoids and Monocyte Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Frontiers in Immunology. ISSN 1664-3224. 11. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579849. Full text in Research Archive
• Ueland, Thor; Heggelund, Lars; Lind, Andreas; Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Tonby, Kristian & Michelsen, Annika [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2020). Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in patients with severe COVID-19. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. ISSN 0091-6749. 147(1), p. 92–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.007. Full text in Research Archive
• Holter, Jan Cato; Pischke, Soeren; de Boer, Eline; Lind, Andreas; Jenum, Synne & Holten, Aleksander Rygh [Show all 32 contributors for this article] (2020). Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 0027-8424. 117(40), p. 25018–25025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010540117. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoel, Hedda Benedicte; Heggelund, Lars; Reikvam, Dag Henrik; Stiksrud, Birgitte; Ueland, Thor & Michelsen, Annika [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2020). Elevated markers of gut leakage and inflammasome activation in COVID-19 patients with cardiac involvement. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. doi: 10.1111/joim.13178. Full text in Research Archive
• Mustafa, Tehmina; Wergeland, Ida; Baba, Kamaldeen; Pathak, Sharad; Hoosen, Anwar A. & Riise, Anne Margarita Dyrhol (2020). Mycobacterial antigens in pleural fluid mononuclear cells to diagnose pleural tuberculosis in HIV co-infected patients. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 20:459, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05165-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoel, Ida Marie; Sviland, Lisbeth; Syre, Heidi; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Skarstein, Ingerid & Jebsen, Peter Wilhelm [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis using the MPT64 antigen detection test in a high-income low tuberculosis prevalence setting. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 20, p. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-4852-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Mortensen, Rasmus; Clemmensen, Helena Strand; Woodworth, Joshua S.; Therkelsen, Marie Louise; Mustafa, Tehmina & Tonby, Kristian [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Cyclooxygenase inhibitors impair CD4 T cell immunity and exacerbate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in aerosol-challenged mice. Communications Biology. ISSN 2399-3642. 2:288, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0530-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørstad, Melissa Davidsen; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Assmus, Jörg; Marijani, Msafiri; Sviland, Lisbeth & Mustafa, Tehmina (2019). Evaluation of treatment response in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low-resource setting. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 19:426, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4034-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Stiksrud, Birgitte; Aass, Hans Christian Dalsbotten; Lorvik, Kristina Berg; Ueland, Thor; Trøseid, Marius & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2019). Activated dendritic cells and monocytes in HIV immunological nonresponders: HIV-induced interferon-inducible protein-10 correlates with low future CD4+ recovery. AIDS (London). ISSN 0269-9370. 33(7), p. 1117–1129. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002173. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoel, Ida Marie; Jørstad, Melissa Davidsen; Marijani, Msafiri; Ruhwald, Morten; Mustafa, Tehmina & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2019). IP-10 dried blood spots assay monitoring treatment efficacy in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low-resource setting. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 9:3871, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40458-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Sane Schepisi, Monica; Navarra, Assunta; Altet Gómez, Maria de las Nieves; Dudnyk, Andrii; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Esteban, Jaime [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2019). Burden and characteristics of the comorbidity tuberculosis - diabetes in Europe: TBnet prevalence survey and case-control study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2328-8957. 6(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy337. Full text in Research Archive
• Larsen, Christopher Storm; Stiksrud, Birgitte; Eriksen, Carsten; Eriksen, C.; Nowak, Piotr & Nowak, P. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2018). Microbial translocation revisited: targeting the endotoxic potential of gut microbes in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS (London). ISSN 0269-9370. 33(4), p. 645–653. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002087. Full text in Research Archive
• Schein, Yvette Louise; Madebo, Tesfaye; Andersen, Hilde Elise; Arnesen, Trude Margrete; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Tveiten, Hallgeir [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Treatment completion for latent tuberculosis infection in Norway: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 18. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3468-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Quist-Paulsen, Else; Aukrust, Pål; Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken; Dunlop, Oona Borghild; Ormaasen, Vidar & Stiksrud, Birgitte [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). High neopterin and IP-10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with neurotoxic tryptophan metabolites in acute central nervous system infections. Journal of Neuroinflammation. ISSN 1742-2094. 15(327). doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1366-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Mekonnen, Meseret Habtamu; Abebe, Markos; Aseffa, Abraham; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Spurkland, Anne & Abrahamsen, Greger (2018). In vitro analysis of antigen induced T cell-monocyte conjugates by imaging flow cytometry. Journal of Immunological Methods (JIM). ISSN 0022-1759. 460, p. 93–100. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.014. Full text in Research Archive
• Jørstad, Melissa Davidsen; Marijani, Msafiri; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Sviland, Lisbeth & Mustafa, Tehmina (2018). MPT64 antigen detection test improves routine diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low-resource setting: A study from the tertiary care hospital in Zanzibar. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 13:e0196723(5), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196723. Full text in Research Archive
• Orlien, Stian Magnus Staurung; Ismael, Nejib Yusuf; Ahmed, Tekabe Abdosh; Berhe, Nega; Lauritzen, Trine & Roald, Borghild [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Unexplained chronic liver disease in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterology. ISSN 1471-230X. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0755-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Bothamley, Graham H.; Lange, Christoph & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2017). Infection control, genetic assessment of drug resistance and drug susceptibility testing in the current management of multidrug/extensively-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) in Europe: A tuberculosis network European Trialsgroup (TBNET) study. Respiratory Medicine. ISSN 0954-6111. 132, p. 68–75. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.09.007.
• Brekke, Kristin; Sommerfelt, Maja; Ökvist, Mats Erik; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Kvale, Dag (2017). The therapeutic HIV Env C5/gp41 vaccine candidate Vacc-C5 induces specific T cell regulation in a phase I/II clinical study. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 17:228, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2316-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Prebensen, Christian; Trøseid, Marius; Ueland, Thor; Dahm, Anders Erik A; Sandset, Per Morten & Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Immune activation and HIV-specific T cell responses are modulated by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in untreated HIV-infected individuals: An exploratory clinical trial. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176527. Full text in Research Archive
• Feruglio, Siri; Kvale, Dag & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2017). T Cell Responses and Regulation and the Impact of In Vitro IL-10 and TGF-beta Modulation During Treatment of Active Tuberculosis. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. ISSN 0300-9475. 85(2), p. 138–146. doi: 10.1111/sji.12511. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is particularly challenging for the immune system being an intracellular pathogen, and a variety of T cell subpopulations are activated by the host defence mechanism. In this study, we investigated T cell responses and regulation in active TB patients with drug-sensitive Mtb (N = 18) during 24 weeks of efficient anti-TB therapy. T cell activation, differentiation, regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets, Mtb-induced T cell proliferation and in vitro IL10 and TGF-beta modulation were analysed by flow cytometry at baseline and after 8 and 24 weeks of therapy, while soluble cytokines in culture supernatants were analysed by a 9-plex Luminex assay. Successful treatment resulted in significantly reduced co-expression of HLA-DR/CD38 and PD-1/CD38 on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, while the fraction of CD4+ CD25 high CD127 low Tregs (P = 0.017) and CD4(+) CD25(high) CD127(low) CD147(+) Tregs (P = 0.029) showed significant transient increase at week 8. In vitro blockade of IL-10/TGF-beta upon Mtb antigen stimulation significantly lowered the fraction of ESAT-6-specific CD4(+) CD25(high) CD127(low) Tregs at baseline (P = 0.047), while T cell proliferation and cytokine production were unaffected. Phenotypical and Mtb-specific T cell signatures may serve as markers of effective therapy, while the IL-10/ TGF-beta pathway could be a target for early inhibition to facilitate Mtb clearance. However, larger clinical studies are needed for verification before concluding.

• Wergeland, Ida; Assmus, Jörg & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2016). Cytokine Patterns in Tuberculosis Infection; IL-1ra, IL-2 and IP-10 Differentiate Borderline QuantiFERON-TB Samples from Uninfected Controls. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(9). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163848. Full text in Research Archive
• Tonby, Kristian; Wergeland, Ida; Lieske, Nora Valeska; Kvale, Dag; Tasken, Kjetil & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2016). The COX- inhibitor indomethacin reduces Th1 effector and T regulatory cells in vitro in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BMC Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1471-2334. 16:599, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1938-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Stiksrud, Birgitte; Lorvik, Kristina Berg; Kvale, Dag; Mollnes, Tom Eirik; Ueland, Per Magne & Trøseid, Marius [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2016). Plasma IP-10 is increased in immunological nonresponders and associated with activated regulatory T cells and persisting low CD4 counts. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. ISSN 1525-4135. 73(2), p. 138–148. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001080.
• Prebensen, Christian; Lind, Andreas; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Kvale, Dag (2016). Regulation of Gag- and Env-specific CD+ T cell responses in ART-naïve HIV-infected patients: Potential implications for individualized immunotherapy. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153849. Full text in Research Archive
• Jensenius, Mogens; Winje, Brita Askeland; Blomberg, Bjørn; Mengshoel, Anne Torunn; Lippe, Bent von der & Hannula, Raisa [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2016). Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Norway: a nationwide study, 1995-2014. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. ISSN 1027-3719. 20(6), p. 786–792. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0895.

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• Hites, Maya; Lapique, Eva Larranaga; Massonnaud, Clément R.; Belhadi, Drifa; Jamard, Simon & Goehringer, François [Show all 86 contributors for this article] (2024). Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (AZD7442) for the treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (DisCoVeRy): A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 88(3). doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106120.
• Kanai, Masahiro; Andrews, Shea J.; Cordioli, Mattia; Stevens, Christine; Neale, Benjamin M. & Daly, Mark [Show all 3,627 contributors for this article] (2023). A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 621(7977), p. E7–E26. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06355-3.
• Nissen-Meyer, Lise Sofie Haug; Macpherson, Magnhild Eide; Skeie, Linda Gail; Hvalryg, Marte; LLOHN, ABID HUSSAIN & Steinsvåg, Tine Torsvik [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). Covid-19-pasienter behandlet med rekonvalesensplasma. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 143(11). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0577. Full text in Research Archive
• Mohn, Kristin Greve-Isdahl; Bredholt, Geir; Onyango, Therese Bredholt; Brokstad, Karl Albert; Zhou, Fan & Holter, Jan Cato [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived B and T-cell responses up to 15 months post-infection, irrespective of disease severity. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 87(4), p. 346–349. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.05.023.
• Ueland, Thor; Äikäs, Lauri A.O.; Dahl, Tuva Børresdatter; Gregersen, Ida; Olsen, Maria Belland & Michelsen, Annika Elisabet [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2023). Low-density lipoprotein particles carrying proinflammatory proteins with altered aggregation pattern detected in COVID-19 patients 3 months after hospitalization. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 86(5), p. 489–492. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.024.
• Quiles-Jiménez, Ana M T; Sousa, Mirta; Huse, Camilla; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Holter, Jan Cato & Christensen, Erik Egeland [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Severely ill COVID-19 patients have altered circulating levels of proteins controlling the epitranscriptome. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.03.002.
• Gregersen, Ida; Ueland, Thor; Holter, Jan Cato; Olsen, Maria Belland; Michelsen, Annika Elisabet & Murphy, Sarah L [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2022). CXCL16 associates with adverse outcome and cardiac involvement in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 85(6), p. 735–738. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.09.029.
• Murphy, Sarah Louise Mikalsen; Halvorsen, Bente; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Aukrust, Pål & Trøseid, Marius [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Remdesivir modifies interferon response in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 85(5), p. 573–607. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.07.021.
• Kolberg, Espen Skarstein; Wickstrøm, Kristin; Tonby, Kristian; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Holten, Aleksander Rygh & Amundsen, Erik Koldberg (2020). Serum ACE as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19: A Case series. APMIS - Journal of Pathologiy, Microbiology and Immunology. ISSN 0903-4641. p. 1–2. doi: 10.1111/apm.13108. Full text in Research Archive
• Ueland, Thor; Holter, Jan Cato; Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Muller, Karl Erik; Lind, A. & Bekken, Gry Klouman [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Distinct and early increase in circulating MMP-9 in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure: MMP-9 and respiratory failure in COVID-19. Journal of Infection. ISSN 0163-4453. 81(3), p. e41–e43. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.061.
• Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2019). TBCOX2 study .
• Nore, Kristin Grotle; Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt ; Jenum, Synne; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Tonby, Kristian (2019). Eicosanoid balance in tuberculosis - dynamics of lipid mediators in monocytes during infection.
• Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt ; Jenum, Synne; Tonby, Kristian; Ruhwald, Morten; DuPlessis, Nelita & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2019). Host directed therapy - the in vivo and in vitro effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on myeloid derived suppressor cells in active tuberculosis .
• Jørgensen, Marthe Jøntvedt ; Jenum, Synne; Tonby, Kristian; Ruhwald, Morten; DuPlessis, Nelita & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2019). Host directed therapy - the in vivo and in vitro effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on myeloid derived suppressor cells in active tuberculosis.
• Lorvik, Kristina Berg; Meyer-Myklestad, Malin Holm; Medhus, Asle Wilhelm; Kvale, Dag; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Reikvam, Dag Henrik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Increased expression of gut and blood CD4+ T cells in people living with HIV and insufficient response to antiviral therapy.
• Meyer-Myklestad, Malin Holm; Kummen, Martin; Stiksrud, Birgitte; Holm, Kristian; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Kvale, Dag [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2019). ALTERED GUT IMMUNITY IN IMMUNOLOGICAL NONRESPONDERS PARTLY RESTORED BY PROBIOTICS.
• Tonby, Kristian; Mortensen, Rasmus; Ruhwald, Morten; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Jenum, Synne (2019). KLRG1-expressing CD4 T cells are reduced in tuberculosis patients compared to healthy mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects, but increase with treatment. Journal of Infectious Diseases. ISSN 0022-1899. 220(1), p. 174–176. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz056.
• Mortensen, Rasmus; Clemmensen, Helene; Woodworth, Joshua S.; Therkelsen, ML; Tonby, Kristian & Jenum, Synne [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exacerbates TB infection after aerosol challenge in mice – implications for host-directed therapy .
• Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2018). Ny behandling skal ta knekken på tuberkulosen. Apollon : Forskningsmagasin for Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 0803-6926.
• Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2018). Abstrakt: Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exacerbates TB infection after aerosol challenge in mice – implications for host-directed therapy Mortensen R, Clemmensen HS, Woodworth J, Therkelsen ML, Tonby K, Jenum S, Tasken K, Ruhwald M, Agger EM, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Andersen P .
• Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma & Jenum, Synne (2017). Host directed therapy, new treatment options for resistant tuberculosis .
• Jørstad, Melissa Davidsen; Marijani, Msafiri; Abdalla Ali, Maryam; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma; Sviland, Lisbeth & Mustafa, Tehmina (2017). Improved diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by mycobacterial antigen detection in fine-needle aspirates by a novel immunochemistry-based test.
• Hoel, Ida Marie; Jørstad, Melissa Davidsen; Ruhwald, Morten; Mustafa, Tehmina & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2017). IP-10 point-of-care test for monitoring treatment efficacy in tuberculosis in a low-resource setting. Show summary

  IP-10 point-of-care test for monitoring treatment efficacy in tuberculosis in a low-resource setting Ida Marie Hoel 1,2,3, Melissa Davidsen Jørstad1,4, Morten Ruhwald5, Tehmina Mustafa1,4, Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise2,6,7 1Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 2Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 3Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 4Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 5Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; 6Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; 7Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Background: Treatment efficacy is difficult to evaluate inextrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients. Interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) measured in dried plasma spots (DPS) or dried blood spots (DBS) point-of-care tests has been suggested as a potential biomarker for response to treatment. Aims and objectives: To investigate if IP-10 from DPS and DBS can be used as a biomarker for response to treatment in EPTB in a low-resource setting. Methods: Thirty-two EPTB patients (5 culture or Xpert MTB/RIF positive and 27 clinically diagnosed), and eight pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients were included from a tertiary care hospital, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Blood samples were collected before, after 2 months and at the end of treatment. IP-10 levels in plasma, DPS and DBS were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: For the EPTB patients there was a significant decline in IP-10 levels from baseline to end of treatment in plasma (median 660 pg/mL vs. 337 pg/mL, p<0.001), DPS (median 15 pg/2 discs vs. 0 pg/2 discs, p=0.001) and DBS (median 29 pg/2 discs vs. 22 pg/2 discs, p=0.013). The decline was observed already after 2 months both in plasma (median 332 pg/mL, p<0.001) and DPS (median 0 pg/2 discs, p=0.046). In PTB patients the decline was significant after 2 months in plasma (p=0.012), DPS (p=0.018) and DBS (p=0.018) and corresponded to sputum conversion for 6/8 PTB patients. Plasma IP-10 correlated positively to both DPS IP-10 (r=0.76, p<0.001) and DBS IP-10 (r=0.72, p<0.001). Conclusion: IP-10 may serve as a biomarker for treatment efficacy in EPTB patients. Point-of-care tests as DPS and DBS allow for easy and manageable monitoring in low-resource settings.

• Tonjum, Tone & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2017). Resistent tuberkulose på vei inn i landet. Show summary

  Tuberkulose (TB) er en av verdens 10 mest dødelige sykdommer. TB er forårsaket av tuberkulosebakterien og sprer seg via luft- og dråpesmitte. Hvert år blir ca 500 000 mennesker syke av multiresistente tuberkulosebakterier. Da vil ikke vanlige tuberkulosemedisiner fungere. Disse bakteriene finner også veien til Norge.

• Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2016). Multiresistent tuberkulose,potensiale for immunrettet behandling.
• Wergeland, Ida & Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma (2017). Immune cells and soluble immune markers in different stages of tuberculosis. Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Universitetet i Bergen. ISSN 978-82-308-3102-1.

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