Erik Bautz-Holter

• Røe, Cecilie; Gutenbrunner, Christoph; Bökel, Andrea; Kirkevold, Marit; Nugraha, Boya & Andelic, Nada [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2024). Proposed categories for reporting of service organization in rehabilitation in clinical trials: a discussion paper. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1973-9087. 60(6), p. 1070–1077. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.24.08494-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: The lack of standardized reporting for crucial organizational factors in rehabilitation poses a significant barrier to understanding their impact on patient outcomes in clinical trials and meta-analyses. AIM: Based on the categories in the International Classification of Service Organization in Rehabilitation (ICSO-R 2.0), we aimed to develop reporting standards specifically for organizational factors in clinical trial METHODS: A comprehensive two-step process was conducted. In Step 1, important categories were identified. The identification was based on previous results from a delphi survey with international stakeholder participation, two systematic literature reviews and results from focus groups with users in Germany, indonesia and Norway. step 2 involved the necessary reduction of categories and the proposal of reporting specifications, achieved through two voting rounds among key researchers, stakeholders and users. RESULTS: the suggested minimum reporting set comprises context and setting as well as Quality assurance and management. the context and setting is proposed to include whether the intervention is delivered by hospital, community or other service providers. the Mode of delivery is proposed to be specified as Inpatient, Outpatient, In-home, or Tele-rehabilitation. Furthermore, the Level of specialization (Primary/Secondary) and the phase of service delivery acute, subacute or long-term rehabilitation services should be reported. the Quality assurance and management should be reported as yes or No, with the option yes requiring description of the quality assurance applied in the methods section. CONCLUSIONS: this study proposed a compulsory and standardized reporting of organizational factors in clinical trials to facilitate the generation of scientific evidence regarding effective service provision and delivery in rehabilitation medicine. Authors are encouraged to consider the proposed reporting set to testing, criticism, and modification to enhance its applicability and robustness.

• Røe, Cecilie; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Andelic, Nada; Søberg, Helene L.; Nugraha, Boya & Gutenbrunner, Christoph [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). Organization of Rehabilitation Services in Randomized Controlled Trials: Which Factors Influence Functional Outcome? A Systematic Review. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation. 4(2). doi: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100197. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective To identify factors related to the organization of rehabilitation services that may influence patients’ functional outcome and make recommendations for categories to be used in the reporting of rehabilitation interventions. Data Sources A systematic review based on a search in MEDLINE indexed journals (MEDLINE [OVID], Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) until June 2019. Study Selection In total 8587 candidate randomized controlled trials reporting on organizational factors of multidisciplinary rehabilitation interventions and their associations with functional outcome. An additional 1534 trials were identified from June 2019 to March 2021. Data Extraction: Quality evaluation was conducted by 2 independent researchers. The organizational factors were classified according to the International Classification for Service Organization in Health-related Rehabilitation 2.0. Data Synthesis In total 80 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was a great heterogeneity in the terminology and reporting of service organization across all studies. Aspects of Settings including the Mode of Service Delivery was the most explicitly analyzed organizational category (44 studies). The importance of the integration of rehabilitation in the inpatient services was supported. Furthermore, several studies documented a lack of difference in outcome between outpatient vs inpatient service delivery. Patient Centeredness, Integration of Care, and Time and Intensity factors were also analyzed, but heterogeneity of interventions in these studies prohibited aggregation of results. Conclusions Settings and in particular the way the services were delivered to the users influenced functional outcome. Hence, it should be compulsory to include a standardized reporting of aspects of service delivery in clinical trials. We would also advise further standardization in the description of organizational factors in rehabilitation interventions to build knowledge of effective service organization.

• Olsen, Monica Isabel Benedikte; Søndenaa, Erik; Langballe, Ellen Melbye; Halvorsen, Marianne Berg; Wilhelmsen, Per & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Use of health and dental care services in adults with intellectual disability in relation to age and intellectual disability levels. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. ISSN 1366-8250. doi: 10.3109/13668250.2022.2109823. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background - This study investigates the use of health and dental care services in adults with intellectual disability in the last 12 months according to Norwegian recommendations and in relation to age and intellectual disability levels.<p> <p>Method - A cross-sectional community-based survey including 214 participants (56% men). POMONA health indicators were used for data collection.<p> <p>Results - Health checks and contact with general practitioners in the last year increased with age but were less frequent in those with more severe intellectual disability. Hospital admissions were age independent. Less than one-fifth of women had undergone cancer screening, with small variations according to intellectual disability severity levels. Few had an individual plan. More than one-third experienced poor dental health despite frequent controls.<p> <p>Conclusions - The use of health checks was lower than recommended, especially in individuals with more severe intellectual disability. Service access and individual plan use need to be enhanced, and dental care services should be improved.

• Preede, Line; Soberg, Helene L.; Dalen, Håkon Erlend; Nyquist, Astrid; Jahnsen, Reidun & Sæbu, Martin [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Rehabilitation goals and effects of goal achievement on outcome following an adapted physical activity-based rehabilitation intervention. Patient Preference and Adherence. 15(15), p. 1545–1555. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S311966. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: To explore the goal-setting process carried out at a rehabilitation facility providing adapted physical activity, by 1) identifying goals set by individuals with chronic disabilities, 2) comparing these goals to the negotiated goals set in collaboration with the rehabilitation team and 3) assessing goal achievement and its association with self-reported functioning after 12 months. Methods: A prospective observational study where adults (18– 67 years) admitted to Beitostølen Healthsports Centre (n=151) reported mental and physical functioning measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) administered at baseline (eight weeks before rehabilitation), admission, discharge and follow-up 12 months after rehabilitation. The participants provided their individual goals for rehabilitation in the admission questionnaire. Individual goals were compared to negotiated goals set by the participants and the rehabilitation team together as part of the goal-setting process at the facility. The goals were linked to The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for comparison. Goal achievement was assessed on a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS) in the discharge questionnaire. The association between SF-12 physical and mental functioning at long-term follow-up and goal achievement was explored. Results: The 293 individual goals and the 407 negotiated goals were most frequently linked to the ICF-component Body Functions. When comparing negotiated to individual goals, negotiated goals were more frequently linked to activities and participation. Goals to wide to be linked to the ICF were less frequent. For 76% of the participants, content of individual goals was captured in negotiated goals. Goal achievement with NRS scores ≥ 9 points was reported by 66% of the included participants. Goal achievement was a significant predictor for long-term mental functioning (p=0.04). Conclusion: Collaboration between participants and health professionals resulted in more specific goals directed towards the activities and participation component. Goal achievement predicted long-term mental functioning following rehabilitation.

• Olsen, Monica Isabel Benedikte; Halvorsen, Marianne Berg; Søndenaa, Erik; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Langballe, Ellen Melbye & Årnes, Anders [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2021). Factors associated with non-completion of and scores on physical capability tests in health surveys: The North Health in Intellectual Disability Study. JARID: Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities. ISSN 1360-2322. 35(1), p. 231–242. doi: 10.1111/jar.12942. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background This study investigated the completion rates, scores and factors associated with non-completion and low scores on physical capability tests in a health survey administered to adults with intellectual disabilities. Method Assessment comprised body mass index (BMI), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, the one-legged stance (OLS) test; and gross motor, communication and behavioural functioning tests. Results The completion rates among 93 participants (aged 17–78) were 46% for the SPPB, 42% for the TUG, and 31% for the OLS. More severe intellectual disability (OR = 3.12, p < .001) and lower BMI (OR = 0.859, p = .001) were related to test non-completion. The SPPB scores were below the reference values from the general population. Lower scores were associated with older age, motor disabilities and intellectual disability severity. Conclusions Including physical capability tests in health surveys among adults with intellectual disabilities is important to monitor functional status and guide prevention strategies.

• Olsen, Monica Isabel Benedikte; Halvorsen, Marianne; Søndenaa, Erik; Langballe, Ellen Melbye; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Stensland, Eva [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). How do multimorbidity and lifestyle factors impact the perceived health of adults with intellectual disabilities? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. ISSN 0964-2633. 65(8), p. 772–783. doi: 10.1111/jir.12845. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have poorer physical and perceived health than the general population. Knowledge of perceived health predictors is both limited and important for guiding the development of preventive actions. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the associations between perceived health and demographics, degree of ID, physical health conditions, and weight and physical activity level and (2) lifestyle factors and multimorbidity as predictors for perceived health adjusted for age, gender, and level of ID. Method: The North Health in Intellectual Disability study is a community based cross-sectional survey. The POMONA-15 health indicators were used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with poor versus good health as the dependent variable were applied. Results: The sample included 214 adults with a mean age 36.1 (SD 13.8) years; 56% were men, and 27% reported perceiving their health as poor. In univariate analyses, there were significant associations between poor health ratings and female gender, lower motor function, number of physical health conditions and several indicators of levels of physical activity. In the final adjusted model, female gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.4, P < 0.05], level of ID (OR 0.65, P < 0.05), numbers of physical health conditions (OR 1.6, P < 0.001) and lower motor function (OR 1.5 P < 0.05) were significant explanatory variables for poor perceived health, with a tendency to independently impact failure to achieve 30 min of physical activity daily (OR 2.0, P = 0.07). Conclusion: Adults with ID with female gender, reduced motor function and more physical health conditions are at increased risk of lower perceived health and should be given attention in health promoting interventions. A lack of physical activity tends to negatively influence perceived health.

• Røe, Cecilie; Preede, Line; Dalen, Håkon Erlend; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Nyquist, Astrid & Sandvik, Leiv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Does adapted physical activity-based rehabilitation improve mental and physical functioning? A randomized trial. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1973-9087. 54(3), p. 419–427. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.16.04189-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Persons with chronic disabilities face a wide variety of problems with functioning that affect their level of physical activity and participation. We have limited knowledge about the effect of adapted physical activity (APA)-based rehabilitation on perceived mental and physical functioning. AIM: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of APA‑based rehabilitation compared to waiting‑list on perceived mental and physical functioning. Secondly, we wanted to assess whether improvement in self‑efficacy, motivation, pain and fatigue during rehabilitation was related to the effect of the intervention. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: In‑patient rehabilitation Center. POPULATION: All subjects above 17 years who were referred by their physician to BHC between July 1, 2010 and August 1, 2012 without major cognitive or language problems were eligible for the study (N.=321). METHODS: Persons above 17 years (men and women) with chronic disabilities who applied for a rehabilitation stay, were randomized to an adapted physical activity‑based rehabilitation intervention (N.=304) or waiting‑list with delayed rehabilitation. A total of 246 consented and were allocated to four week intervention or a waiting‑list control group. The main outcome was physical and mental functioning evaluated four weeks after rehabilitation using the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short‑Form Health Survey (SF-12). RESULTS: Compared to waiting‑list the adapted physical activity‑based intervention improved physical and mental functioning. Improvement in physical functioning during rehabilitation was related to reduced pain, improved motivation and self‑efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that an adapted physical activity‑based rehabilitation program improves functioning. Improved efficacy for managing disability may mediate the improvement in mental functioning. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Adapted physical activity‑based rehabilitation should be considered during the development of rehabilitation strategies for people with chronic disabilities. Motivational and self‑efficacy aspects must be addressed when organizing and evaluating rehabilitation programs. KEY WORDS: Rehabilitation - Social participation - Motor activity - Randomized controlled trial - Disability evaluation

• Røe, Cecilie; Kirkevold, Marit; Andelic, Nada; Søberg, Helene L.; Sveen, Unni & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2018). The challenges of describing rehabilitation services: A discussion paper. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 50, p. 151–158. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2299. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: To apply the Classi cation of Service Or- ganization in Rehabilitation (ICSO-R) classi cation of services to different target groups, include the user perspective, identify missing categories, and propose standardized descriptors for the categories from a Norwegian perspective. Design: Expert-based consensus conferences with user involvement. Subjects: Health professionals, stakeholders and users. Methods: Participants were divided into 5 panels, which applied the ICSO-R to describe the habilitation and rehabilitation services provided to children with cerebral palsy and people with Huntington’s disease, acquired brain injuries (traumatic brain injuries and stroke) and painful musculoskeletal conditions. Ba- sed on the Problem/Population, Intervention, Com- parison, Outcome (PICO) framework, the services were described according to the ICSO-R. Missing ca- tegories were identi ed. Results: The ICSO-R was found to be feasible and applicable for describing a variety of services pro- vided to different target groups in Norway, but the user perspective was lacking, categories were missing, and a need for standardized description of the categories was identi ed. Conclusion: The present work supports the need to produce an updated version of the ICSO-R and to en- courage national and international discussion of the framework. The ICSO-R has the potential to become a tool for the standardized assessment of rehabilita- tion services. For such purposes, more standardized descriptions of subcategories are necessary.

• Kvalvaag, Elisabeth Myrset; Røe, Cecilie; Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Søberg, Helene L.; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). One year results of a randomized controlled trial on radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment, with predictors of pain, disability and return to work in patients with subacromial pain syndrome. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1973-9087. 54(3), p. 341–350. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04748-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Vikane, Eirik; Hellstrøm, Torgeir; Røe, Cecilie; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Assmus, Jörg & Skouen, Jan Sture (2017). Multidisciplinary outpatient treatment in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A randomised controlled intervention study. Brain Injury. ISSN 0269-9052. 31(4), p. 475–484. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1280852. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a multidisciplinary outpatient follow-up programme compared to follow-up by a general practitioner for patients being at-risk or sick-listed with persistent post-concussion symptoms two months after a mild traumatic brain injury. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Patients: One hundred fifty-one patients, 16–56 years. Methods: Multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation with individual contacts and a psycho-educational group intervention at two outpatient rehabilitation clinics compared to follow-up by a general practitioner after the multidisciplinary examination. Primary outcome was sustainable return-to-work first year post-injury. Secondary outcomes were post-concussion symptoms, disability, the patient’s impressions of change and psychological distress. Results: Days to sustainable return-to-work was 90 in the intervention and 71 in the control group (p = 0.375). The number of post-concussion symptoms were fewer in the intervention (6) compared to the control group (8) at 12 months (p = 0.041). No group differences were observed for disability (p = 0.193), patients impression of change (p = 0.285) or psychological distress (p = 0.716). Conclusion: The multidisciplinary outpatient follow-up programme focusing on better understanding and reassurance of favourable outcome for mild traumatic brain injury did not improve return-to-work, but may have reduced the development of post-concussion symptoms. Additional studies should focus on which factors exhibit a direct impact on return-to-work. The final version of this research has been published in Brain Injury. © 2017 Taylor & Francis

• Kvalvaag, Elisabeth Myrset; Anvar, Masoud D; Karlberg, Anna Cecilia; Brox, Jens Ivar; Engebretsen, Kaia Beck & Søberg, Helene L. [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2017). Shoulder MRI features with clinical correlations in subacromial pain syndrome: A cross-sectional and prognostic study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 18(469), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1827-3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Previous studies on shoulder patients have suggested that the prevalence of rotator cuff or bursa abnormalities are weakly related to symptoms and that similar findings are often found in asymptomatic persons. In addition, it is largely unknown whether structural changes identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affect outcome after treatment for shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the presence of structural changes on MRI in patients with subacromial pain syndrome and to determine to what extent these changes are associated with symptoms and predict outcome after treatment (evaluated by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)). Methods A prospective, observational assessment of a subset of shoulder patients who were included in a randomized study was performed. All participants had an MRI of the shoulder. An MRI total score for findings at the AC joint, subacromial bursa and rotator cuff was calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to examine the relationship between the MRI total score and the outcome measure at baseline and to examine to what extent the MRI total score was associated with the change in the SPADI score from baseline to the one year follow-up. Results There was a weak, inverse association between the SPADI score at baseline and the MRI total score (β = −3.1, with 95% CI −5.9 to −0.34; p = 0.03), i.e. the SPADI score was higher for patients with a lower MRI total score. There was an association between the change in the SPADI score from baseline to the one year follow-up and the MRI total score (β = 8.1, 95% CI -12.3 to −3.8; p < 0.001), with a poorer outcome for patients with a higher MRI total score. Both tendinosis (p = 0.01) and bursitis (p = 0.04) were associated with a poorer outcome after one year. Conclusions In this study, MRI findings were significantly associated with the change in the SPADI score from baseline and to one year follow-up, with a poorer outcome after treatment for the patients with higher MRI total score, tendinosis and bursitis on MRI. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov no NCT01441830 . September 28, 2011.

• Pinxsterhuis, Irma; Sandvik, Leiv; Strand, Elin B; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Sveen, Unni (2017). Effectiveness of a group-based self-management program for people with chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 31(1), p. 93–103. doi: 10.1177/0269215515621362. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvalvaag, Elisabeth Myrset; Brox, Jens Ivar; Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Søberg, Helene L.; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) when combined with supervised exercises in patients with subacromial shoulder pain: a double-masked, randomized, sham-controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 0363-5465. 45(11), p. 2547–2554. doi: 10.1177/0363546517707505. Full text in Research Archive
• Skatteboe, Sigrid; Røe, Cecilie; Perrin, Paul B.; Dalen, Håkon; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Nyquist, Astrid [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). One-year trajectories of motivation and physical activity in persons with disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 48(4), p. 371–377. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2071. Full text in Research Archive
• Vikane, Eirik; Hellstrøm, Torgeir; Røe, Cecilie; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Assmus, Jörg & Skouen, Jan Sture (2016). Predictors for Return to Work in Subjects with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Behavioural Neurology. ISSN 0953-4180. 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/8026414. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective. To predict return to work (RTW) at 12 months for patients who either were sick-listed or were at risk to be sick-listed with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PCS) at six to eight weeks after injury. Method. A prospective cohort study of 151 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) admitted consecutively to outpatient clinics at two University Hospitals in Norway. The study was conducted as part of a randomised clinical trial. Injury characteristics were obtained from the medical records. Sick leave data from one year before to one year after MTBI were obtained from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Service. Self-report questionnaires were used to obtain demographic and symptom profiles. Results. We observed a significant negative association between RTW at 12 months and psychological distress, global functioning, and being sick-listed at two months after MTBI, as well as having been sick-listed the last year before injury. Conclusion. Psychological distress, global functioning postinjury, and the sick leave trajectory of the subjects were negative predictors for RTW. These findings should be taken into consideration when evaluating future vocational rehabilitation models.

• Marchand, Gunn Hege; Lau, Bjørn; Myhre, Kjersti; Røe, Cecilie; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Leivseth, Gunnar (2016). Pain and disability do not influence psychological and social factors at work among sick-listed patients with neck and back pain. WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. ISSN 1051-9815. 53(3), p. 499–509. doi: 10.3233/WOR-152226. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether living with neck and back pain, disability, and mental disorders influences the perception of psychological and social factors at work among sick-listed patients. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of the present study was to examine the associations between pain, disability, anxiety, depression, and perceived psychological and social factors at work among sick-listed patients with neck and back pain. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 380 sick-listed patients with neck and low-back pain who were referred to spine clinics at two Norwegian university hospitals. Ordinal regression was applied, with psychological and social factors at work as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Pain was not associated with psychological and social factors at work. Disability was associated with a minor increase in the perception of demands among women, but not men. Women with high anxiety or depression scores experienced less control over work situations and less positive challenges at work. Men with high depression scores perceived low support. CONCLUSIONS: Sick-listed patients with neck and back pain who had concurrent anxiety or depression reported increased psychological and social challenges at work. To provide suitable treatment in the clinical setting, further attention should be paid to the interaction between anxiety or depression and perceived job strain.

• Røe, Cecilie; Myhre, Kjersti; Marchand, Gunn Hege; Lau, Bjørn; Leivseth, Gunnar & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2016). Measurement Properties of the Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work: A Rasch Analysis. Journal of Applied Measurement. ISSN 1529-7713. 17(2), p. 227–238. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The main aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPS Nordic) and the domains of demand, control and support. The Rasch analysis (RUMM 2030) was based on responses from 226 subjects with back pain who completed the QPS Nordic dimensions of demand, control, and social support (30 items) at one year follow up. The Rasch analysis revealed disordered thresholds in a total of 25 of the 30 items. The domains of demand, control and support fit the Rasch model when analyzed separately. The demand domain was well targeted, whereas patients with current neck and back pain had lower control and higher support than reflected by the questions. Two items revealed DIF by gender, otherwise invariance to age, gender, occupation and sick-leave was documented. The demand, control support domains of QPS Nordic comprised unidimensional constructs with adequate measurement properties.

• Myhre, Kjersti; Lau, Bjørn; Marchand, Gunn Hege; Leivseth, Gunnar; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Røe, Cecilie (2016). Demand, Control and Support at Work Among Sick-Listed Patients with Neck or Back Pain: A Prospective Study. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. ISSN 1053-0487. 26(2), p. 183–194. doi: 10.1007/s10926-015-9602-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose The main aim of this study was to assess changes in perceived demand, control and support at work of neck and back pain patients over 1 year. We also hypothesised that perceived changes in demand, control and support at work were associated with clinical improvement, reduced fear-avoidance beliefs and successful return to work. Methods Four hundred and five sick-listed patients referred to secondary care with neck or back pain were originally included in an interventional study. Of these, two hundred and twenty-six patients reported perceived psychosocial work factors at both baseline and 1-year follow-up, and they were later included in this prospective study. Changes in demand, control and support dimensions were measured by a total of nine variables. Results At the group level, no significant differences were found among the measured subscales. At the individual level, the regression analyses showed that decreases in fear-avoidance beliefs about work were consistently related to decreases in demand and increases in control, whereas decreases in disability, anxiety and depression were related to increases in support subscales. Conclusions The perception of demand, control and support appear to be stable over 1 year in patients with neck and back pain, despite marked improvement in pain and disability. Disability, anxiety, depression and fear-avoidance beliefs about work were significantly associated with the perception of the work environment, whereas neck and back pain were not.

• Sveen, Unni; Andelic, Nada; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Røe, Cecilie (2015). Self-reported competency - validation of the Norwegian version of the patient competency rating scale for traumatic brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 37(3), p. 239–246. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.913706. Full text in Research Archive
• Marchand, Gunn Hege; Myhre, Kjersti; Leivseth, Gunnar; Sandvik, Leiv; Lau, Bjørn & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). Change in pain, disability and influence of fear-avoidance in a work-focused intervention on neck and back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0553-y. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Neck and back pain are among the most common causes of prolonged disability, and development of interventions with effect on pain, disability and return to work is important. Reduction of fear avoidance might be one mechanism behind improvement after interventions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in pain and disability at the 12-month follow-up of patients with neck and back pain treated with a work-focused intervention compared to patients treated with standard interventions, and the influence of improvement fear avoidance beliefs during the interventions on pain, disability and return to work at 12-month follow-up. Methods: 413 employed patients with back or neck pain referred to secondary care, and sick-listed between 4 weeks and 12 months, were randomized to a work-focused rehabilitation or control interventions. Follow-up was conducted 4 and 12 months after inclusion. The groups were compared (independent sample t-test) regarding differences in disability scores (Oswestry disability index/neck disability index) and pain (numeric rating scale) from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Changes in fear avoidance beliefs (FABQ) from baseline to 4 month follow-up were calculated, and the association between this change and return to work, pain and disability at 12 months were tested in stepwise multiple logistic regression models. Results: Pain and, disability scores decreased to in both the work-focused and control intervention to 12-month follow-up, and there were no significant differences between the groups. FABQ decreased similarly in both groups to 4 month follow-up. The logistic regression model revealed an association between a reduced FABQ work score at 4 months and return to work within one year (adjusted OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.19 to 10.88). Reduced FABQ physical activity score at 4 months was associated with decreased disability after 12 months (adjusted OR (3.65. 95% CI 1.43 to 9.28). Conclusions: Short work-focused rehabilitation had the same effect on pain and disability as control interventions. Reduction in FABQ-W score after treatment seems to be an important predictor for return to work in both groups.

• Preede, Line; Sæbu, Martin; Perrin, Paul B.; Nyquist, Astrid; Dalen, Haakon & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). One-year trajectories of mental and physical functioning during and after rehabilitation among individuals with disabilities. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 13:135. doi: 10.1186/s12955-015-0328-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose First, to evaluate the trajectories of physical and mental functioning in individuals with chronic disabilities receiving adapted physical activity-based rehabilitation. Second, to determine whether demographic factors, disability group, pain, fatigue and self-efficacy at baseline influenced these trajectories. Research design A prospective intervention study. Methods The study included 214 subjects with chronic disabilities who were admitted to a four-week adapted physical activity-based rehabilitation stay at Beitostølen Healthsports Centre. The subjects completed written questionnaires eight and four weeks before the rehabilitation, at admission to and discharge from the rehabilitation centre and again four weeks and 12 months after discharge. Multilevel models were performed to examine the trajectories of SF-12 physical and mental functioning with possible predictors. Results Time yielded a statistically significant effect on physical and mental functioning (p < 0.001). Low age (p = 0.002), no more than 2 h of personal assistance per week (p = 0.023), non-nervous system disability (p = 0.019), low pain level (p < 0.001) and high chronic disease-efficacy (p = 0.007) were associated with higher physical functioning. There was a greater improvement in physical functioning for subjects with lower chronic disease-efficacy at baseline (p = 0.036) and with a disability not associated with the nervous system (p = 0.040). Low fatigue (p = 0.001) and high chronic disease-efficacy (p = 0.004) predicted higher mental functioning. There was also a greater improvement in mental functioning for subjects with high fatigue (p =0.003) and low chronic disease efficacy at baseline (p = 0.032). Conclusion Individuals with chronic disabilities who participated in an adapted physical activity-based intervention showed statistically significant increases in both physical and mental functioning across the 12 months after the intervention. The greatest improvement was among subjects with a high level of fatigue and low chronic disease-efficacy, as well as disabilities not associated with the nervous system, which has implications for the target groups in future rehabilitation.

• Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Finset, Arnstein; Røise, Olav & Andelic, Nada (2015). Physical and mental health 10 years after multiple trauma: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. ISSN 2163-0755. 78(3), p. 628–633. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000541. Full text in Research Archive
• Kvalvaag, Elisabeth Myrset; Brox, Jens Ivar; Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Røe, Cecilie (2015). Is radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rEWST) combined with supervised exercises (SE) more effective than sham rESWT and SE in patients with subacromial shoulder pain? Study protocol for a double-blind randomised, sham-controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 16:248. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0712-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Vikane, Eirik; Hellstrøm, Torgeir; Røe, Cecilie; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Assmus, Jörg & Skouen, Jan Sture (2014). Missing a follow-up after mild traumatic brain injury-Does it matter? Brain Injury. ISSN 0269-9052. 28(11), p. 1374–1380. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.919532. Full text in Research Archive
• Andelic, Nada; Ye, Jiajia; Tornås, Sveinung; Røe, Cecilie; Lu, Juan & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2014). Cost-effectiveness analysis of an early-initiated, continuous chain of rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. ISSN 0897-7151. 31(14), p. 1313–1320. doi: 10.1089/neu.2013.3292. Full text in Research Archive
• Myhre, Kjersti; Marchand, Gunn Hege; Leivseth, Gunnar; Keller, Anne; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Sandvik, Leiv [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2014). The effect of work-focused rehabilitation among patients with neck and back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Pain. ISSN 0304-3959. 39(24), p. 1999–2006. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000610. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Study Design. Multicenter randomized trial with patients listed as sick for 1 to 12 months due to neck or back pain and referred to secondary care. Objective. To compare the return-to-work (RTW) rate among patients offered work-focused rehabilitation or multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Summary of Background Data. A growing number of studies have focused on the RTW processes associated with patients with back pain. Many studies have combined a workplace focus with multidisciplinary treatments; however, this focus has not been evaluated in Norway among patients with neck and back pain thus far. Methods. A total of 405 patients who were referred to the spine clinics at 2 university hospitals in Norway were randomly assigned into work-focused and control intervention groups. The existing treatments at each hospital were used as the control interventions, which entailed either a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention or a brief multidisciplinary intervention. The RTW rates and proportions were compared at 12 months.

• Johansen, Jan Børre; Andelic, Nada; Bakke, Eva; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Mengshoel, Anne Marit & Røe, Cecilie (2013). Measurement Properties of the Norwegian Version of the Neck Disability Index in Chronic Neck Pain. Spine. ISSN 0362-2436. 38(10), p. 851–856. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31827fc3e9. Full text in Research Archive
• Myhre, Kjersti; Røe, Cecilie; Marchand, Gunn Hege; Keller, Anne; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Leivseth, Gunnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2013). Fear-avoidance beliefs associated with perceived psychological and social factors at work among patients with neck and back pain: a cross-sectional multicentre study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-329. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Neck and back pain are common and often account for absenteeism at work. Factors at work as well as fear–avoidance beliefs may influence sick-leave in these patients. The aims of this study were to assess: (1) how sick-listed patients in specialised care perceive demand, control, support, effort, reward, and overcommitment at work compared to a general reference group of workers; (2) if women and men report demand, control, support, effort, reward, and overcommitment differently; and (3) the association between psychological and social factors at work and fear–avoidance beliefs about work. Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre study was carried out in 373 patients on sick leave due to neck and back pain. Psychosocial work factors were measured by demand, control, and support, (Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work), and effort, reward and overcommitment (Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire). Fear avoidance beliefs about work were measured by the Fear–Avoidance Belief Questionnaire Work subscale (FABQ-W). Results: Although the patients differed significantly from a reference working group regarding several subscales of demand, control, support, effort, reward, and overcommitment, the magnitude of these differences were small. The study population also reported significantly higher scores for ‘demand for physical endurance’ than the reference population, and Cohen’s d = 0.55 here indicated a medium degree of difference. Female patients reported significantly higher on support, whereas male patients reported significantly higher demand for physical endurance, quantitative demand, effort, and overcommitment. Demand for physical endurance, job control, job support, high reward, and overcommitment were significantly associated with FABQ-W. Conclusions: Perceived psychological and social factors at work were strongly associated with fear–avoidance beliefs about work in sick-listed neck and back patients. The demand for physical endurance, control, support, high reward, as well as overcommittment at work outweighed pain and added to the burden of emotional distress and disability regarding fear–avoidance beliefs.

• Hellstrøm, Torgeir; Vikane, Eirik; Skouen, Jan Sture; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Røe, Åsmund Treu & Røe, Cecilie (2013). Symptoms 2 months after mild TBI- are they related to the brain injury- A cluster analysis. International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 1(5). Full text in Research Archive
• Dalen, Håkon Erlend; Nyquist, Astrid; Sæbu, Martin; Røe, Cecilie & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2013). Implementation of ICF in goal setting in rehabilitation of children with chronic disabilities at Beitostolen Healthsports Centre. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 35(3), p. 198–205. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2012.690499. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Yngve; Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Østensjø, Sigrid (2013). A systematic review of measures of shoulder pain and functioning using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 14(73). doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-73. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Shoulder pain is a common condition with prevalence estimates of 7–26% and the associated disability is multi-faceted. For functional assessments in clinic and research, a number of condition-specific and generic measures are available. With the approval of the ICF, a system is now available for the analysis of health status measures. The aims of this systematic literature review were to identify the most frequently addressed aspects of functioning in assessments of shoulder pain and provide an overview of the content of frequently used measures. Meaningful concepts of the identified measures were extracted and linked to the most precise ICF categories. Second-level categories with a relative frequency above 1% and the content of measures with at least 5 citations were reported. A set of 40 second-level ICF categories were identified in 370 single-item measures and 105 multi-item measures, of these, 28 belonged to activities and participation, 11 to body functions and structures and 1 to environmental factors. The most frequently addressed concepts were: pain; movement-related body functions and structures; sleep, hand and arm use, self-care, household tasks, work and employment, and leisure. Concepts of psycho-social functions and environmental factors were less frequently included. The content overview of commonly used condition-specific and generic measures displayed large variations in the number of included concepts. The most wide-ranging measures, the DASH and ASES were linked to 23 and 16 second-level ICF categories, respectively, whereas the Constant were linked to 7 categories and the SST and the SPADI to 6 categories each. This systematic review displayed that measures used for shoulder pain included more than twice as many concepts of activities and participation than concepts of body functions and structures. Environmental factors were scarcely addressed. The huge differences in the content of the condition-specific multi-item measures demonstrates the importance of clarifying the content to select the most appropriate measure both in research and in clinical work. For clinical situations, we propose use of a wide-ranging condition-specific measure that conceptualizes assessments of shoulder pain from a bio-psycho-social perspective. Further research is needed to assess how patient-reported problems in functioning are captured in the commonly used measures

• Røe, Yngve; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Søberg, Helene L. (2013). Identification of relevant International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories in patients with shoulder pain: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 45(7), p. 662–669. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1159. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  OBJECTIVE: To identify the most common problems in patients with shoulder pain, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a reference. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Outpatients at a hospital with shoulder pain lasting longer than 3 months. METHODS: Patients were interviewed with an extended version of the ICF Checklist version 2.1a. Patients’ problems in functioning, and the magnitude of the problem, were registered separately for each category. Categories identified as a problem in at least 5% of patients were reported. To describe the population, age, diagnosis, work participation and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients with a mean age of 46.5 years (standard deviation 12.5) and a SPADI score of 47.4 (standard deviation 21.1) were included. Of the participants, 92.8% were either employed or students, 35.2% of whom were on sick leave. The primary result was the identification of 61 condition-specific second-level ICF categories: 19 in the body functions and structures component, 34 in activities and participation, and 8 in environmental factors. CONCLUSION: The findings provide a comprehensive picture from the patient-perspective of the disability associated with shoulder pain. The findings may enhance multidisciplinary communication in clinical settings.

• Røe, Cecilie; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Cieza, Alarcos (2013). Low back pain in 17 countries, a Rasch analysis of the ICF core set for low back pain. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. ISSN 0342-5282. 36(1), p. 38–47. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e328357883c. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Finset, Arnstein; Røise, Olav & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2012). The Trajectory of Physical and Mental Health From Injury to 5 Years After Multiple Trauma: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 93(5), p. 765–774. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.08.050. Full text in Research Archive
• Andelic, Nada; Bautz-Holter, Erik; RØNNING, PÅL ANDRE; OLAFSEN, KJELL; Sigurdardôttir, Solrun & Schanke, Anne-Kristine [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2012). Does an Early Onset and Continuous Chain of Rehabilitation Improve the Long-Term Functional Outcome of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury? Journal of Neurotrauma. ISSN 0897-7151. 29(1), p. 66–74. doi: 10.1089/neu.2011.1811. Full text in Research Archive
• Andelic, Nada; Johansen, Jan Børre; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Mengshoel, Anne Marit; Bakke, Eva & Røe, Cecilie (2012). Linking self-determined functional problems of patients with neck pain to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Patient Preference and Adherence. 6, p. 749–755. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S36165. Full text in Research Archive
• Keller, Anne; Boyle, Eleanor; Skog, Thomas Alexander; Cassidy, J. David & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2012). Are Modic changes prognostic for recovery in a cohort of patients with non-specific low back pain? European spine journal. ISSN 0940-6719. 21(3), p. 418–424. doi: 10.1007/s00586-011-1964-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Fisher, Rebecca; Gaynor, Catherine; Kerr, M; Langhorne, Peter; Anderson, C & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2011). A Consensus on Stroke Early Supported Discharge. Stroke. ISSN 0039-2499. 42(5), p. 1392–1397. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.606285. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Røise, Olav; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Finset, Arnstein (2011). Returning to Work After Severe Multiple Injuries: Multidimensional Functioning and the Trajectory From Injury to Work at 5 Years. Journal of Trauma. ISSN 0022-5282. 71(2), p. 425–434. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181eff54f. Full text in Research Archive
• Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Grotle, Margreth; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Brox, Jens Ivar (2011). Supervised Exercises Compared With Radial Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Therapy for Subacromial Shoulder Pain: 1-Year Results of a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Physical Therapy. ISSN 0031-9023. 91(1), p. 37–47. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090338. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Evidence from a recent randomized controlled trial indicated that supervised exercises (SE) were more effective than radial extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (rESWT) for the treatment of subacromial shoulder pain in the short to medium term. Little knowledge exists about the long-term results of rESWT for subacromial pain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of rESWT and SE provided to patients with subacromial shoulder pain after 1 year. DESIGN: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department at Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway. PATIENTS: One hundred four patients with subacromial shoulder pain lasting at least 3 months participated. Patients were randomly assigned to either an rESWT group (n=52) or an SE group (n=52). INTERVENTION: The rESWT intervention consisted of one session weekly for 4 to 6 weeks. The SE intervention consisted of two 45-minute sessions per week for up to 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. Secondary outcome measures were questions regarding pain and function and work status. RESULTS: After 1 year, an intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant differences between the 2 groups for the primary outcome measure (-7.6 points, 95% confidence interval=-16.6 to 0.5) and pain, function, and medication use. Twenty-nine participants (60%) in the SE group versus 24 participants (52%) in the rESWT group were categorized as clinically improved. Thirty-eight participants in the SE group were at work compared with 30 participants in the rESWT group (odds ratio=1.1, 95% confidence interval=1.0 to 1.2). Fewer patients in the SE group had received additional treatments between 18 weeks and 1 year. LIMITATIONS: The lack of a placebo control group, the lack of a cost-benefit analysis, and the small sample size were limitations of the study. CONCLUSION: No significant difference was found between the SE and rESWT groups at the 1-year follow-up. More participants in the SE group had returned to work.

• Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Keller, Anne; Tveitå, Einar; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Brox, Jens Ivar (2010). A questionnaire found disease-specific WORC index is not more responsive than SPADI and OSS in rotator cuff disease. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. ISSN 0895-4356. 63(5), p. 575–584. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.07.012. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sandvik, Leiv; Alvsåker, Kristin & Røe, Cecilie (2010). Relationship between competency in activities, injury severity, and post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 17(3), p. 225–232. doi: 10.3109/11038120903171295. Full text in Research Archive
• Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Grotle, Margreth; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Ekeberg, Ole Marius & Brox, Jens Ivar (2010). Predictors of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and work status after 1 year in patients with subacromial shoulder pain. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-218. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Shoulder pain is a common complaint in primary health care and has an unfavourable outcome in many patients. The objectives were to identify predictors for pain and disability (SPADI) and work status in patients with subacromial shoulder pain. Methods Secondary analyses of data from a randomized clinical controlled trial were performed. Outcome measures were the absolute values of the combined Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and work status 1 year after treatment with supervised exercises (SE) or radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT). Predictors of outcome were investigated using multiple linear regression (SPADI) and logistic regression (work status). Results 104 patients were included. Low education (≤ 12 years), previous shoulder pain, and a high baseline SPADI score predicted poor results with these variables explaining 29.9% of the variance in SPADI score at 1 year. Low education and poor self-reported health status predicted a work status of "not working": Odds Ratio, OR = 4.3(95% CI (1.3 to 14.9)), p = 0.02 for education, and OR = 1.06 (95% CI (1.0 to 1.1)), p = 0.001 for self-reported health status, respectively. Adjustments for age, gender, and treatment group were performed, but did not change the results. Conclusion Education was the most consistent predictor of pain and disability, and work status at 1 year follow-up. Also, baseline SPADI score, previous shoulder pain and self-reported health status predicted outcome. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT00653081

• Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Juel, Niels Gunnar; Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Kvalheim, Synnøve Kristin & Brox, Jens Ivar (2010). Clinical, socio-demographic and radiological predictors of short-term outcome in rotator cuff disease. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-239. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Røise, Olav & Finset, Arnstein (2010). Mental Health and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms 2 Years After Severe Multiple Trauma: Self-Reported Disability and Psychosocial Functioning. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0003-9993. 91(3), p. 481–488. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.11.007. Full text in Research Archive
• Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Grotle, Margreth; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Ekeberg, Ole Marius & Brox, Jens Ivar (2010). DETERMINANTS OF THE SHOULDER PAIN AND DISABILITY INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH SUBACROMIAL SHOULDER PAIN. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 42(5), p. 499–505. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0548. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Cecilie; Sveen, Unni; Cieza, Alarcos; Geyh, Szilvia & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2009). Validation of the Brief ICF Core Set for low back pain from the Norwegian perspective. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1973-9087. 45(3), p. 403–414. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Tveitå, Einar; Juel, Niels Gunnar; Kvalheim, Synnøve Kristin & Brox, Jens Ivar (2009). Subacromial ultrasound guided or systemic steroid injection for rotator cuff disease; a randomised double blind study. BMJ. British Medical Journal. ISSN 0959-8146. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a3112. Full text in Research Archive
• Hadzic-Andelic, Nada; Andelic, Nada; Hammergren, Nini; Hammergren, Nini; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2009). Functional outcome and health-related quality of life 10 years after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6314. 120(1), p. 16–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01116.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Cecilie; Sveen, Unni; Geyh, Szilvia; Cieza, Alarcos & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2009). Construct dimensionality and properties of the categories in the ICF Core Set for low back pain. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 41(6), p. 429–437. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0368. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Keller, Anne; Tveitå, Einar; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Brox, Jens Ivar (2009). A questionnaire found disease-spesific WORC index is not more responsive than Spadi and OSS in rotator cuff disease. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. ISSN 0895-4356. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.07.012. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Cecilie; Sveen, Unni; Alvsåker, Kristin & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2009). Postconcussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury:influence of demographic factors and injury severity in a 1-year cohort. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 31(15), p. 1235–1243. Full text in Research Archive
• Engebretsen, Kaia Beck; Grotle, Margreth; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sandvik, Leiv; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Ekeberg, Ole Marius [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2009). Radial extracorporeal shockwave treatment compared with supervised exercises in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: single blind randomised study. BMJ. British Medical Journal. ISSN 0959-8146. 339. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b3360. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Cecilie; Sveen, Unni; Alvsåker, Kristin & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2009). Post-concussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury: influence of demographic factors and injury severity in a 1-year cohort study. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 31(15), p. 1235–1243. doi: 10.1080/09638280802532720. Full text in Research Archive
• Giske, Liv; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sandvik, Leiv & Røe, Cecilie (2009). Relationship Between Pain and Neuropathic Symptoms in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.). ISSN 1526-2375. 10(5), p. 910–917. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00622.x. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Tveitå, Einar; Keller, Anne; Juel, NG & Brox, JI (2008). Agreement, reliability and validity in 3 shoulder questionnaires in patients with rotator cuff disease. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-68. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Self-report questionnaires play an important role as outcome measures in shoulder research. Having an estimate of the measurement error of these questionnaires is of importance when assessing follow-up results after treatment and when planning intervention studies. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Norwegian version of the OSS and WORC questionnaire and examine and compare agreement, reliability and construct validity of the disease-specific shoulder questionnaire WORC with two commonly used shoulder questionnaires, SPADI and OSS, in patients with rotator cuff disease. Methods 74 patients with rotator cuff disease were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department at Ullevaal University Hospital in Oslo, Norway. A test-retest design was used, and the questionnaires were filled out by the patients at the clinic, with a one week interval between test administrations. Agreement (repeatability coefficient), reliability (ICC) and construct validity were examined and compared for WORC, SPADI and OSS. Results Reliability analysis was restricted to the 55 patients (51 ± 10 yrs) who reported no change between test administrations according to scoring on a global scale. The agreement, reliability and construct validity was moderate for all three questionnaires with ICC ranging from 0.83 to 0.85, repeatability coefficient from 16.1 to 19.7 and Spearman rank correlations between total scores from r = 0.57 to 0.69. There was a lower degree of floor and ceiling effects in SPADI compared to WORC and OSS. Conclusion We conclude that the agreement and reliability of the three shoulder questionnaires examined, WORC index, SPADI and OSS are acceptable and that differences between scores were small. The Norwegian version of the questionnaires is acceptable for assessing Norwegian-speaking patients with rotator cuff disease. The moderate agreement and construct validity should be taken into consideration when assessing follow-up results after treatment and in the planning of prospective studies.

• Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sveen, Unni; Cieza, A; Geyh, S & Røe, Cecilie (2008). Does the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for low back pain cover the patients' problems? A cross-sectional content-validity study with a Norwegian population. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1973-9087. 44(4), p. 387–397. Full text in Research Archive
• Tveitå, Einar; Sandvik, Leiv; Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Juel, Nils Gunnar & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Factor structure of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index in patients with adhesive capsulitis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-103. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a self-administered questionnaire that aims to measure pain and disability associated with shoulder disease. It consists of a pain section and a disability section with 13 items being responded to on visual analogue scales. Few researchers have investigated SPADI validity in specified diagnostic groups, although the selection of an evaluative instrument should be based on evidence of validity in the target patient group. The aim of the present study was to investigate factor structure of the SPADI in a study population of patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods The questionnaire was administered to 191 patients with adhesive capsulitis. Descriptive statistics for items and a comparison of scores for the two subscales were produced. Internal consistency was analyzed by use of the Cronbach alpha and a principal components analysis with varimax rotation was conducted. Study design was cross-sectional. Results Two factors were extracted, but the factor structure failed to support the original division of items into separate pain and disability sections. Conclusion We found minimal evidence to justify the use of separate subscales for pain and disability. It is our impression that the SPADI should be viewed as essentially unidimensional in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

• Røe, Cecilie; Sveen, Unni & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Retaining the patient perspective in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for low back pain. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2, p. 337–347. Full text in Research Archive
• Andelic, Nada; Hammergren, Ninni; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sveen, Unni & Røe, Cecilie (2008). Functional outcome and health-related quality of life 10 years after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6314. Full text in Research Archive
• Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sveen, Unni; Cieza, Alarcos; Geyh, Szilvia & Røe, Cecilie (2008). Does the ICF Core Set for low back pain cover the patients’ problems? A cross-sectional content-validity study with a Norwegian population. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1973-9087. Full text in Research Archive
• Tveitå, Einar; Ekeberg, Ole Marius; Juel, Nils Gunnar & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Range of shoulder motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis; Intra-tester reproducibility is acceptable for group comparisons. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-49. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Measurements of range of motion play a key role in shoulder research. The purpose of this study is to investigate intra-observer reproducibility of measurements of active and passive range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods The study was carried out in a population consisting of 32 patients with clinical signs of adhesive capsulitis. A specified measurement protocol was used, and range of motion in affected and non-affected shoulders was measured twice for each patient with a one-week interval. Results For most of the investigated individual movements, test-retest differences in range of motion score of more than approximately 15° are not likely to occur as a result of measurement error only. Point-estimates for the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.61 to 0.93. Conclusion Range of motion of patients with adhesive capsulitis can be measured with acceptable reproducibility in settings where groups are compared. Scores for individual patients should be interpreted with caution.

• Sveen, Unni; Mongs, Malin; Røe, Cicillie & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Self-rated competency in activities predicts functioning and participation one year after traumatic brain injury. Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 22(1), p. 45–55. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Cecilie; Sveen, Unni; Alvsåker, Kristin & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Post-concussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury: influence of demographic factors and injury severity in a 1-year cohort study. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Finset, Arnstein; Røise, Olav & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Identification and comparison of rehabilitation goals after multiple injuries: an ICF analysis of the patients', physiotherapists' and other allied professionals' reported goals. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 40(5), p. 340–346. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Cecilie; Sveen, Unni; Kristoffersen, Ole Jo; Fossen, B; Hammergren, Ninni & Iversen, VT [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2008). Testing of ICF core set for low back pain. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 128, p. 2706–2708. Full text in Research Archive
• Soberg, Helene L.; Finset, Arnstein; Roise, Olav & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Identification and comparison of rehabilitation goals after multiple injuries: An ICF analysis of the patients', physiotherapists' and other allied professionals' reported goals. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 40, p. 340–346. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0174. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Cecilie; Dalen, H; Lein, M & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2008). Comprehensive rehabilitation at Beitostolen Healthsports Centre: Influence on mental and physical functioning. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 40. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0179. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Røise, Olav & Finset, Arnstein (2007). Long-term multidimensional functional consequences of severe multiple injuries two years after trauma: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Trauma. ISSN 0022-5282. 62, p. 461–470. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000222916.30253.ea. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Finset, Arnstein; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sandvik, L & Røise, Olav (2007). Return to work after severe multiple injuries: A multidimensional approach on status 1 and 2 years postinjury. Journal of Trauma. ISSN 0022-5282. 62, p. 471–481. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0b013e31802e95f4. Full text in Research Archive
• Langhorn, P; Taylor, G; Murray, G; Dennis, M; Anderson, C & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2005). Early supported discharge services for stroke patients: a meta-analysis of individual patients' data. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 365 (9458), p. 501–506. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Thommessen, Bente; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Laake, Knut (2004). Well-being and instrumental activities of daily living after stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 18, p. 267–274. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Thommesen, B; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Laake, Knut (2003). Well-being and instrumental activities of daily living after stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 18, p. 267–274. Full text in Research Archive
• Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Thommessen, Bente; Sødring, Karen Margrethe; Sveen, Unni; Pettersen, Anne Marie & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2003). emotional well-being of close relatives to stroke survivors. Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 17, p. 410–417. Full text in Research Archive
• Thommessen, Bente; Thoresen, Gerd Eva; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Laake, Kirsten (2002). Validity of the aphasia item from the Scandinavian Stroke Scale. Cerebrovascular Diseases. ISSN 1015-9770. Full text in Research Archive
• Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sveen, Unni; Rygh, Jørgen; Rogers, H. & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun (2002). Early supported discharge of patients with acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. Full text in Research Archive
• Thommessen, Bente; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Laake, Kirsten (2001). Acute phase predictors of subsequent psychosocial burden in carers of elderly stroke patients. Cerebrovascular Diseases. ISSN 1015-9770. 11(3), p. 201–206. Full text in Research Archive
• Halsaa, K.E.; Sødring, Karen Margrethe; Bjelland, E.; Finsrud, K. & Bautz-Holter, Erik (1999). Inter-rater reliability of the Sødring Motor Evaluation of stroke patients (SMES. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 0036-5505. 31, p. 240–243. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Sødring, Karen Margrethe; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Laake, Kirsten (1999). Association between impairments, self-care ability and social activities 1 year after stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 21, p. 372–377. Full text in Research Archive

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• Olsen, Monica Isabel Benedikte; Søndenaa, Erik; Tymi, Anita; Tessem, Silje Marie; Langballe, Ellen Melbye & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Helsekontroll for voksne med utviklingshemming. 143(10), p. 881–881. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0303. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Monica Isabel Benedikte; Søndenaa, Erik; Langballe, Ellen Melbye; Halvorsen, Marianne Berg; Wilhelmsen, Per & Bautz-Holter, Erik [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Bruk av helse- og tannlegetjenester for voksne med psykisk utviklingshemming, relatert til alder og grad av utviklingshemming. Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Monica Isabel Benedikte; Halvorsen, Marianne Berg; Søndenaa, Erik; Langballe, Ellen Melbye; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Stensland, Eva [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). How do multimorbidity and lifestyle factors impact the perceived health of adults with intellectual disabilities. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Finset, Arnstein; Røise, Olav & Andelic, Nada (2015). Physical and mental health 10 years after multiple trauma - a prospective cohort study. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Finset, Arnstein; Røise, Olav & Andelic, Nada (2015). Physical and mental health 10 years after multiple trauma - a prospective cohort study. Full text in Research Archive
• Søberg, Helene L.; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Finset, Arnstein & Røise, Olav (2013). Psychological aspects in rehabilitation of patients with multiple trauma. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 45, p. 248–949. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Yngve; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Søberg, Helene L. (2012). Litt vondt i skulderen er vel ikke så ille? Skuldersmerter og funksjon. Systematisk skåring hos skulderpasienter. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Yngve; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Juel, Niels Gunnar & Søberg, Helene L. (2011). ICF as a tool for classification of shoulder complaints. Full text in Research Archive
• Røe, Yngve; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Søberg, Helene L. (2011). Are problems in functioning reported in ICF Checklist by patients with shoulder pain represented in patient reported outcome measures? Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Mongs, Malin & Røe, Cecilie (2007). Competency in activities predicts participation one year after traumatic brain injury. Full text in Research Archive
• Mongs, Malin; Sveen, Unni & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2004). Traumatic brain injury and daily life situations. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Thommessen, Bente; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Laake, Knut (2003). Well-being and instrumental ADL after stroke. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Thommessen, Bente & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2003). Well-being and instrumental ADL after stroke. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2003). Aktivitet etter hjerneslag, fra studier om og aktivitet og velberfinnende. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Thommessen, Bente; Bautz-Holter, Erik & Laake, Knut (2001). Instrumentelle aktiviteter i dagliglivet og velbefinnende seks måneder etter slag. Full text in Research Archive
• Brunborg, Birgit & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2000). Stressful situations the first six months after stroke. Full text in Research Archive
• Sveen, Unni; Bautz-Holter, Erik; Rygh, Jørgen; Rodgers, Helen & Wyller, Torgeir Bruun (2000). Early supported discharge following acute stroke. A randomised, controlled trial. Full text in Research Archive
• Roe, Yngve; Søberg, Helene L.; Østensjø, Sigrid & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2014). Shoulder pain within the ICF framework; patient experiences of functioning and assessment methods. Akademika forlag. Full text in Research Archive
• Ekeberg, Ole Marius & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2012). Rotator cuff disease; aspects concerning injection treatment, outcome assessment and short-term prognosis. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
• Sylliaas, Hilde & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2011). Fall and hip fracture among older people living at home. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788282641340. Full text in Research Archive
• Tveitå, Einar & Bautz-Holter, Erik (2010). Adhesive capsulitis, hydrodilatation and some aspects of validity regarding shoulder assessments. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive

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