Ivar Anders Eide

• Averina, Maria; Brun, Atle; Skadberg, Øyvind; Løfblad, Lena; Michaelsen, Anette Kristine & Bergan, Stein [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Performance of the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) creatinine-based eGFR equation and other eGFR equations in a north European population. A multicentre study in Norway. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. ISSN 1434-6621. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2026-0464. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives Accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is necessary for early detection and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD), risk stratification, and guiding therapies that prevent complications and progression to advanced CKD. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of different eGFR equations in a large national cohort. Methods This multicentre study was conducted at six university hospitals in Norway. Retrospective data from patient’s medical records from 2005 to 2024 for 5,552 adults and 2,981 children were used to validate several creatinine-based eGFR equations against measured GFR (mGFR) by Iohexol clearance. Performance was assessed using median bias and P30 accuracy (proportion of eGFR within ±30 % of mGFR). Results The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) creatinine-based eGFR equation outperformed the CKD-EPI 2009 and 2021, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) in adults, the Schwarts bedside and the CKiD U25 equations in children ≥2 years and was comparable to the Lund-Malmö equation (LM) in adults. Both CKD-EPI equations had the lowest accuracy and were overestimating GFR in young people (<25 years) and elderly patients (≥65 years). Replacing the CKD-EPI equations with the EKFC equation will result in lower eGFR values and a higher prevalence of CKD stages 3–5. Replacing the LM and MDRD with the EKFC equation will result in higher eGFR and a lower prevalence of CKD stages 3–5. Conclusions The EKFC equation was overall the best suited creatinine-based eGFR equation for this Norwegian population from 2 years of age. Clinicians should be informed about clinical implications of shifting from other equations to the EKFC equation.

• Chan, Wai Joe; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Tannæs, Tone Møller; Waldum-Grevbo, Bård; Jenssen, Trond Geir & Eide, Ivar Anders (2022). Associations of Serum Uromodulin and Urinary Epidermal Growth Factor with Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate and Interstitial Fibrosis in Kidney Transplantation. American Journal of Nephrology. ISSN 0250-8095. 53(2-3), s. 108–117. doi: 10.1159/000521757. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Noninvasive biomarkers that reflect tubular health and allow early recognition of accelerated graft fibrosis development are warranted. Serum uromodulin (sUmod) and urinary epidermal growth factor (uEGF) originate from kidney tubules and may reflect functional nephron mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between sUmod and uEGF with measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) and kidney allograft interstitial fibrosis percentage (IF%) score. Methods: sUmod and uEGF measurements, mGFR by iohexol-clearance and kidney allograft biopsies were obtained from kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) included in the Omega-3 fatty acids in Renal Transplantation (ORENTRA) trial at 8 weeks (baseline) and at 1 year after transplantation (end of study). Associations were analyzed with univariable and multivariable linear regression. Results: Ninety patients at baseline and 48 patients at end of study had complete study variable assessments. uEGF normalized to urinary creatinine (uEGF/Cr) was associated with mGFR both at baseline (standardized β-coefficient [Std. β-coeff] = 0.457 [p = <0.001]) and at end of study (Std. β-coeff = 0.637 [p = <0.001]). sUmod was only associated with mGFR at end of study (Std. β-coeff = 0.443 [p = 0.002]). uEGF/Cr, sUmod, and mGFR were associated with graft IF% score both at baseline (Std. β-coeff = −0.349 [p = 0.001], −0.274 [p = 0.009] and −0.289 [p = 0.006], respectively) and at end of study (Std. β-coeff = −0.365 [p = 0.011], −0.347 [p = 0.016] and −0.405 [p = 0.004], respectively). The results remained largely unchanged in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: uEGF/Cr and sUmod were associated with mGFR and graft IF% score. Our results indicate a possible role of uEGF/Cr and sUmod in the follow-up of KTRs.

• Chan, Joe; Eide, Ivar A.; Tannæs, Tone Møller; Waldum-Grevbo, Bård; Jenssen, Trond & Svensson, My Hanna Sofia (2021). Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cellular Senescence Markers in Incident Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Renal Transplantation (ORENTRA) Randomized Clinical Trial. Kidney Medicine. 3(6), s. 1041–1049. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.07.010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Rationale & Objective Deterioration of kidney graft function is associated with accelerated cellular senescence. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have favorable properties that may counteract cellular senescence development and damage caused by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretome. Our objective was to investigate the potential effects of marine n-3 PUFA supplementation on the SASP secretome in kidney transplant recipients. Study Design Exploratory substudy of the Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Renal Transplantation trial. Setting & Participants Adult kidney transplant recipients with a functional kidney graft (defined as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate of >30 mL/min/1.73 m2) 8 weeks after engraftment were included in this study conducted in Norway. Analytical Approach The intervention consisted of 2.6 g of a marine n-3 PUFA or olive oil (placebo) daily for 44 weeks. The outcome was a predefined panel of SASP components in the plasma and urine. Results A total of 132 patients were enrolled in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Renal Transplantation trial, and 66 patients were allocated to receive either the study drug or placebo. The intervention with the marine n-3 PUFA was associated with reduced plasma levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-13 compared with the intervention in the control group. Limitations Post hoc analysis. Conclusions The results suggest that marine n-3 PUFA supplementation has mitigating effects on the plasma SASP components granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, MMP-1, and MMP-13 in kidney transplant recipients. Future studies with kidney transplant recipients in maintenance phase, combined with an evaluation of cellular senescence markers in kidney transplant biopsies, are needed to further elucidate the potential antisenescent effect of marine n-3 PUFAs. This trial is registered as NCT01744067.

• Jørgensen, Hanne Skou; Eide, Ivar Anders; Jenssen, Trond; Åsberg, Anders; Bollerslev, Jens & Godang, Kristin [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and bone mineral density in kidney transplant recipients: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 13(7). doi: 10.3390/nu13072361. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kidney transplant recipients are at high risk of progressive bone loss and low-energy fractures in the years following transplantation. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation may have beneficial effects on bone strength. The Omega-3 fatty acids in Renal Transplantation (ORENTRA) trial was an investigator initiated, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of marine n-3 PUFA supplementation after kidney transplantation. Effects of supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium metabolism were pre-defined secondary endpoints. Adult kidney transplant recipients (n = 132) were randomized to 2.6 g marine n-3 PUFA supplement or olive oil (control) from 8 to 52 weeks post-transplant. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to assess changes in bone mineral density of hip, spine, and forearm, as well as trabecular bone score (TBS) of the lumbar spine. Student’s t test was used to assess between-group differences. There were no differences in ΔBMD between the two groups (intervention vs. control) at lumbar spine (−0.020 ± 0.08 vs. −0.007 ± 0.07 g/cm², p = 0.34), total hip (0.001 ± 0.03 vs. −0.005 ± 0.04, p = 0.38), or other skeletal sites in the intention-to-treat analyses. There was no difference in the change in TBS score (0.001 ± 0.096 vs. 0.009 ± 0.102, p = 0.62). Finally, no effect on biochemical parameters of mineral metabolism was seen. Results were similar when analyzed per protocol. In conclusion, we found no significant effect of 44 weeks of supplementation with 2.6 g of marine n-3 PUFA on BMD in kidney transplant recipients.

• Chandra, Anupam; Røsjø, Helge; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Vigen, Thea; Ihle-Hansen, Håkon & Orstad, Eivind Bjørkan [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Plasma linoleic acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Norwegian ACE 1950 Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0954-3007. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0641-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background A high intake of linoleic acid (LA), the major dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has previously been associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in observational studies. However, recent secondary analyses from clinical trials of LA-rich diet suggest harmful effects of LA on CV health. Methods A total of 3706 participants, all born in 1950, were included in this cross-sectional study. We investigated associations between plasma phospholipid levels of LA and CV risk factors in a Norwegian general population, characterized by a relative low LA and high marine n-3 PUFA intake. The main statistical approach was multivariable linear regression. Results Plasma phospholipid LA levels ranged from 11.4 to 32.0 wt%, with a median level of 20.8 wt% (interquartile range 16.8–24.8 wt%). High plasma LA levels were associated with lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (standardized regression coefficient [Std. β-coeff.] −0.04, p = 0.02), serum triglycerides (Std. β-coeff. −0.10, p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (Std. β-coeff. −0.10, p < 0.001), body mass index (Std. β-coeff. −0.13, p < 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Std. β-coeff. −0.04, p = 0.03 and Std. β-coeff. −0.02, p = 0.02, respectively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Std. β-coeff. −0.09, p < 0.001). We found no association between plasma LA levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, glycated hemoglobin, carotid intima-media thickness, or C-reactive protein. Conclusion High plasma LA levels were favorably associated with several CV risk factors in this study of a Norwegian general population.

• Chan, Wai Joe; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Schmidt, Erik B. & Eide, Ivar Anders (2020). Marine n-3 fatty acid consumption in a Norwegian renal transplant cohort: Comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with plasma phospholipid marine n-3 levels. PLOS ONE. 15:e0244089(12), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244089. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background High levels of plasma marine n-3 fatty acids (n-3FAs) are associated with improved patient and graft survival in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate marine n-3FA consumption in future epidemiological research. Methods We developed an FFQ with a simple design of 10 questions to assess intake of marine sources of n-3FAs. RTRs included in the recent ORENTRA trial (n = 132) completed the study FFQ at the baseline visit eight weeks after engraftment and at the end of study visit one year post-transplant. We measured the reference biomarker plasma phospholipid (PL) marine n-3FA levels by gas chromatography at the same time points to evaluate association and degree of agreement between FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates and the biomarker. Results The median plasma PL marine n-3FA level was 6.0 weight percentage (wt)% (interquartile range [IQR] 4.7 to 7.3) at baseline and 6.3 wt% (IQR 4.8 to 7.4) at end of study. Median FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates were 22.8 g/month (IQR 13.0 to 34.0) at baseline and 20.3 g/month (IQR 14.5 to 32.3) at end of study. FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates showed a moderate correlation with plasma PL marine n-3FA levels at baseline (Spearman’s correlation coefficient rs = 0.43, p<0.001) and a stronger correlation at end of study (rs = 0.62, p<0.001). Bland Altman plots showed a reasonable degree of agreement between the two methods at both time points. Conclusions Marine n-3FA consumption estimates based on the FFQ showed a moderate correlation with the reference biomarker plasma PL marine n-3FA levels. The FFQ might be useful in epidemiological studies where resources are limited.

• Chandra, Anupam; Lyngbakken, Magnus; Eide, Ivar Anders; Røsjø, Helge; Vigen, Thea & Ihle-Hansen, Håkon [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Plasma trans fatty acid levels, cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle: Results from the Akershus cardiac examination 1950 study. Nutrients. 12(5). doi: 10.3390/nu12051419. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Intake of industrially produced trans fatty acids (iTFAs) has previously been associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and inflammation, as well as increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. iTFA intake declined in Norway after the introduction of legislative bans against iTFA consumption. However, the relationship between the current iTFA intake and CV health is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between current iTFA intake, reflected by plasma iTFA levels, and established CV risk factors. We also examined the associations between plasma ruminant TFA levels and CV risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, we included 3706 participants from a Norwegian general population, born in 1950 and residing in Akershus County, Norway. The statistical method was multivariable linear regression. Plasma iTFA levels were inversely associated with serum triglycerides (p &lt; 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (p &lt; 0.001), body mass index (p &lt; 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.001). Furthermore, high plasma iTFA levels were associated with higher education and less smoking and alcohol consumption. We found that plasma ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) levels were favorably associated with CV risk factors. Furthermore, plasma iTFA levels were inversely associated with CV risk factors. However, our results might have been driven by lifestyle factors. Overall, our findings suggest that the current low intake of iTFAs in Norway does not constitute a threat to CV health.

• Pihlstrøm, Hege; Ueland, Thor; Michelsen, Annika; Aukrust, Pål; Gatti, Francesca & Hammarström, Clara Louise [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Exploring the potential effect of paricalcitol on markers of inflammation in de novo renal transplant recipients. PLOS ONE. 15:e0243759(12), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243759. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Following a successful renal transplantation circulating markers of inflammation may remain elevated, and systemic inflammation is associated with worse clinical outcome in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Vitamin D-receptor (VDR) activation is postulated to modulate inflammation and endothelial function. We aimed to explore if a synthetic vitamin D, paricalcitol, could influence systemic inflammation and immune activation in RTRs. Newly transplanted RTRs were included in an open-label randomized controlled trial on the effect of paricalcitol on top of standard care over the first post-transplant year. Fourteen pre-defined circulating biomarkers reflecting leukocyte activation, endothelial activation, fibrosis and general inflammatory burden were analyzed in 74 RTRs at 8 weeks (baseline) and 1 year post-engraftment. Mean changes in plasma biomarker concentrations were compared by t-test. The expression of genes coding for the same biomarkers were investigated in 1-year surveillance graft biopsies (n = 60). In patients treated with paricalcitol circulating osteoprotegerin levels increased by 0.19 ng/ml, compared with a 0.05 ng/ml increase in controls (p = 0.030). In graft tissue, a 21% higher median gene expression level of TNFRSF11B coding for osteoprotegerin was found in paricalcitol-treated patients compared with controls (p = 0.026). Paricalcitol treatment did not significantly affect the blood- or tissue levels of any other investigated inflammatory marker. In RTRs, paricalcitol treatment might increase both circulating and tissue levels of osteoprotegerin, a modulator of calcification, but potential anti-inflammatory treatment effects in RTRs are likely very modest.

• Chandra, Anupam; Midtvedt, Karsten; Åsberg, Anders & Eide, Ivar Anders (2019). Immunosuppression and Reproductive Health After Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation. ISSN 0041-1337. 103(11). doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002903. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Ivar Anders; Rashidi, Forough; Lønning, Kjersti; Oldereid, Nan Birgitte; Reisæter, Anna Varberg & Åsberg, Anders [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Contraceptive Choices and Counseling in Norwegian Female Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplantation Proceedings. ISSN 0041-1345. 51(2), s. 470–474. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.068. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chandra, Anupam; Røsjø, Helge; Eide, Ivar Anders; Vigen, Thea; Ihle-Hansen, Håkon & Orstad, Eivind Bjørkan [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Plasma marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular risk factors: data from the ACE 1950 study. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. s. 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02007-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Purpose A high intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might improve cardiovascular (CV) health. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate associations between plasma phospholipid levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and CV risk factors, educational level, physical activity and smoking habits. Methods A total of 3706 individuals from a general population, all born in 1950 and residing in Akershus County, Norway, were included in this study. The main statistical approach was multivariable adjusted linear regression. Results Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels ranged from 2.7 to 20.3 wt%, with a median level of 7.7 wt% (interquartile range 4.3–11.1 wt%). High levels of plasma marine n-3 PUFAs were associated with lower serum triglycerides [Standardized regression coefficient (Std.β-coeff.) − 0.14, p < 0.001], body mass index (Std. β-coeff. −0.08, p < 0.001), serum creatinine (Std. β-coeff. -0.03, p = 0.05), C-reactive protein levels (Std. β-coeff. – 0.03, p = 0.04), higher levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Std. β-coeff. 0.08, p < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Std. β-coeff. 0.04, p = 0.003). High levels of plasma marine n-3 PUFAs were also associated with lower glycated hemoglobin (Std. β-coeff. – 0.04, p = 0.01), however, only in individuals without diabetes. We found no associations between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and fasting plasma glucose or carotid intima-media thickness. High levels of plasma marine n-3 PUFAs were associated with higher educational level, more physical activity and lower prevalence of smoking. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study of Norwegian individuals born in 1950, high levels of plasma marine n-3 PUFAs were favourably associated with several CV risk factors, suggesting that fish consumption might improve CV health.

• Eide, Ivar Anders; Reinholt, Finn P.; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Hartmann, Anders; Schmidt, Erik B. & Åsberg, Anders [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation in renal transplantation: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Transplantation. ISSN 1600-6135. 19, s. 790–800. doi: 10.1111/ajt.15080. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lilleberg, Hanne Sether; Cichosz, Simon Lebech; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Christensen, Jeppe Hagstrup; Fleischer, Jesper & Eide, Ivar Anders [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The effect of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on heart rate variability in renal transplant recipients: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 11:2847(12), s. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/nu11122847. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Resting heart rate (rHR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are non-invasive measurements that predict the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation may decrease rHR, increase HRV, and reduce the risk of SCD. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of marine n-3 PUFA on HRV in renal transplant recipients. In a randomized controlled trial, 132 renal transplant recipients were randomized to receive either three 1 g capsules of marine n-3 PUFA, each containing 460 mg/g EPA and 380 mg/g DHA, or control (olive oil) for 44 weeks. HRV was calculated in the time and frequency domains during a conventional cardiovascular reflex test (response to standing, deep breathing, and Valsalva maneuver) and during 2 min of resting in the supine position. There was no significant effect of marine n-3 PUFA supplementation on time-domain HRV compared with controls. rHR decreased 3.1 bpm (± 13.1) for patients receiving marine n-3 PUFA compared to 0.8 (± 11.0) in controls (p = 0.28). In the frequency domain HRV analyses, there was a significant change in response to standing in both high and low frequency measures, 2.9 (p = 0.04, 95% CI (1.1;8)) and 2.7 (p = 0.04, 95% CI (1.1;6.5)), respectively. In conclusion, 44 weeks of supplemental marine n-3 PUFAs in renal transplant recipients significantly improved the cardiac autonomic function, assessed by measuring HRV during conventional cardiovascular reflex tests.

• Chandra, Anupam; Røsjø, Helge; Eide, Ivar Anders; Vigen, Thea; Ihle-Hansen, Håkon & Orstad, Eivind Bjørkan [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Plasma marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular risk factors: data from the ACE 1950 study. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02007-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Ivar Anders; Dörje, Christina; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Hammarström, Clara Louise & Scott, Helge [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Development of Kidney Transplant Fibrosis Is Inversely Associated With Plasma Marine Fatty Acid Level. Journal of renal nutrition. ISSN 1051-2276. 28(2), s. 118–124. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.09.001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chandra, Anupam; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Åsberg, Anders; Schmidt, Erik Berg; Bjerve, Kristian S & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Trans-fatty acids and survival in renal transplantation. Journal of renal nutrition. ISSN 1051-2276. 29(3), s. 169–180. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.08.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective High consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) is associated with increased mortality. Design and methods Observational cohort study of 1.988 Norwegian renal transplant recipients with a median follow-up time of 9.6 years. We assessed multivariable adjusted associations between plasma levels of industrial and ruminant TFAs with patient and graft survival. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels were determined by gas chromatography at 10 weeks after transplantation. Results During follow-up, there were 595 deaths, and 805 grafts were lost. Plasma industrial TFA levels dropped from 0.3 wt% in years 1999-2004 to reach a plateau of 0.2 wt% from year 2005 and beyond, whereas plasma levels of ruminant TFAs remained stable throughout the study period. In the former era (years 1999 to 2004, n = 902), we found multivariable adjusted associations between plasma industrial TFA levels and mortality (hazard ratio 4.44, P = .02) and graft loss (hazard ratio 4.22, P = .01). In the latter era (years 2005 to 2011, n = 1,086), there were no associations between plasma industrial TFA levels and patient or graft survival. Plasma ruminant TFAs were not associated with mortality or graft loss in either eras. Conclusion In this Norwegian transplant cohort, plasma industrial TFA levels dropped from around 0.3 wt% in the former era to 0.2 wt% in the latter era. While plasma industrial TFA was significantly associated with survival in the former era, no associations were found with survival in the latter era. This finding suggests that lowering industrial TFA consumption from modest to low levels could possibly influence health beneficially after renal transplantation.

• Skaare, Helga; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Åsberg, Anders; Schmidt, Erik Berg & Chandra, Anupam [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Plasma n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Survival in Renal Transplantation. Journal of renal nutrition. ISSN 1051-2276. 28(5), s. 333–339. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.02.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective The major n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) play a role in inflammation and glucose metabolism, which could affect patient and renal transplant survival. Design and methods In this single center cohort study of 1988 Norwegian renal transplant recipients, we assessed associations between plasma levels of LA and AA at baseline, measured by gas chromatography, and patient and graft survival, as well as inflammation and cardiovascular risk markers. Results During follow-up (median of 9.6 years), 595 patients died and 805 renal transplants were lost, either due to recipient death or graft failure. In multivariable survival analysis, we found no associations with mortality for plasma levels of LA (hazard ratios: 0.99, 95% confidence intervals: 0.96-1.01) or AA (hazard ratios: 1.01, 95% confidence intervals: 0.96-1.06). No associations were found for cardiovascular mortality, overall graft loss, or death-censored graft loss. Plasma glucose, proglycemic marker chemerin, and proinflammatory marker growth differentiation factor 15 were inversely associated with plasma LA and positively associated with plasma AA levels in multivariable analysis. Conclusions We found no associations between plasma levels of LA or AA and patient or graft survival. Plasma levels of LA and proglycemic indices were inversely associated, signaling a possible beneficial effect of LA consumption for prevention of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus.

• Lilleberg, Hanne Sether; Eide, Ivar Anders; Geitung, Jonn Terje & Svensson, My Hanna Sofia (2018). Akutt glomerulonefritt utløst av parvovirus B19. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 138(17), s. 1–3. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0043. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pihlstrøm, Hege; Gatti, Francesca; Hammarström, Clara Louise; Eide, Ivar Anders; Kasprzycka, Monika & Wang, Junbai [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Early introduction of oral paricalcitol in renal transplant recipients. An open-label randomized study. Transplant International. ISSN 0934-0874. 30(8), s. 827–840. doi: 10.1111/tri.12973. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In stable renal transplant recipients with hyperparathyroidism, previous studies have indicated that vitamin D agonist treatment might have anti-proteinuric effects. Animal studies indicate possible anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Early introduction of paricalcitol in de novo renal transplant recipients might reduce proteinuria and prevent progressive allograft fibrosis. We performed a single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label trial investigating effects of paricalcitol 2 mug/day added to standard care. Participants were included 8 weeks after engraftment and followed for 44 weeks. Primary end point was change in spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio. Exploratory microarray analyses of kidney biopsies at study end investigated potential effects on gene expression. Secondary end points included change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and endothelial function measured by peripheral arterial tonometry as reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Seventy-seven de novo transplanted kidney allograft recipients were included, 37 receiving paricalcitol. Paricalcitol treatment lowered PTH levels (P = 0.01) but did not significantly reduce albuminuria (P = 0.76), change vascular parameters (PWV; P = 0.98, RHI; P = 0.33), or influence GFR (P = 0.57). Allograft gene expression was not influenced. To summarize, in newly transplanted renal allograft recipients, paricalcitol reduced PTH and was well tolerated without negatively affecting kidney function. Paricalcitol did not significantly reduce/prevent albuminuria, improve parameters of vascular health, or influence allograft gene expression.

• Eide, Ivar Anders; Åsberg, Anders; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Ueland, Thor; Mollnes, Tom Eirik & Hartmann, Anders [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Plasma Levels of Marine n-3 Fatty Acids Are Inversely Correlated With Proinflammatory Markers sTNFR1 and IL-6 in Renal Transplant Recipients. Journal of renal nutrition. ISSN 1051-2276. 27(3), s. 161–168. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.09.008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  OBJECTIVE: Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert potential anti-inflammatory effects and might improve long-term outcomes after renal transplantation. We assessed associations between plasma phospholipid levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and plasma inflammatory biomarkers 10 weeks after renal transplantation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional single-center study. SUBJECTS: A study population of 861 renal transplant recipients transplanted at Oslo University Hospital between 2007 and 2011. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Marine n-3 PUFA levels were defined as the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid levels in weight percentage of total plasma phospholipid fatty acids. Plasma inflammatory biomarkers were measured by enzyme immunoassays. We used multivariable linear regression analysis to assess associations between levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma. RESULTS: Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were inversely associated with plasma levels of proinflammatory biomarkers soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (standardized regression coefficient -0.11, P < .001) and interleukin-6 (standardized regression coefficient -0.09, P = .01). In contrast, there was no association between plasma levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10. CONCLUSIONS: In this renal transplant cohort, inverse associations between plasma levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and markers of inflammation were demonstrated.

• Dupont, Laust; Eide, Ivar Anders; Hartmann, Anders; Christensen, Jeppe Hagstrup; Åsberg, Anders & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype, Patient, and Graft Survival in Renal Transplant Recipients. Progress in transplantation. ISSN 1526-9248. 27(4), s. 386–391. doi: 10.1177/1526924817732020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background:<br> Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). An association between haptoglobin genotype 2 - 2 and cardiovascular disease has been found in patients with diabetes mellitus and liver transplant recipients. To date, the role of haptoglobin genotype after renal transplantation has not been studied. <br>Methods:<br> In this single centre re trospective cohort study of 1975 adult Norwegian RTRs, transplanted between 1999 and 2011, we estimated the risk of all - cause and cardiovascular mortality and overall and death censored graft loss for patients with haptoglobin genotype 2 - 2 compared with genotype 2 - 1 or 1 - 1 , after adjustment for confounders and competing risks. <br>Results: <br> We found no associations between haptoglobin genotype 2 - 2 and cardiovascular mortality (subdistributional hazard ratio [SHR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 - 1.49, p=0.63). We also fail ed to detect any association between haptoglobin 2 - 2 genotype and all - cause mortality, overall graft loss and death censored graft loss. Similar results were found in the subpopulation of diabetic RTRs. <br>Conclusion: <br>In this large cohort of kidney transplant recipients, we could not demonstrate any association between haptoglobin 2 - 2 genotype and patient or graft survival after renal transplantation.

• Eide, Ivar Anders; Halden, Thea Anine Strøm; Hartmann, Anders; Dahle, Dag Olav; Åsberg, Anders & Jenssen, Trond Geir (2017). Associations Between Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Graft Survival. Transplantation. ISSN 0041-1337. 101(6), s. 1282–1289. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001259. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Previous reports indicate that posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with overall renal graft loss, but not death-censored graft loss. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective cohort study of 2749 adult Norwegian renal transplant recipients, transplanted between 1999 and 2011, we estimated overall and death-censored renal graft loss hazard ratios in patients diagnosed with PTDM, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes before transplantation, using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 893 renal grafts were lost during the study period, either due to recipient death (n = 540) or death-censored graft loss (n = 353). When the observational time started at time of transplantation, diabetes before transplantation was associated with both overall and death-censored graft loss. Pretransplantation diabetes was also associated with a steeper decline in renal graft function, a higher risk of acute rejections and more renal grafts lost due to acute rejection. In patients with a functional renal graft 1 year after transplantation, PTDM was associated with overall graft loss (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.88; P < 0.001), but not death-censored graft loss (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.96; P = 0.33). We found no significant associations between PTDM and change in renal function during the first 5 years or acute rejection risk during the first year after renal transplantation. Impaired glucose tolerance was not associated with either overall or death-censored graft loss. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms previous findings of an increased risk of overall but not death-censored renal graft loss in renal transplant recipients with PTDM. Longstanding diabetes might increase the risk of acute rejections.

• Eide, Ivar Anders; Dahle, Dag Olav; Svensson, My Hanna Sofia; Hartmann, Anders; Åsberg, Anders & Bjerve, Kristian S [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Plasma levels of marine n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular risk markers in renal transplant recipients. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0954-3007. 70(7), s. 824–830. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.14. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death after renal transplantation. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert potential cardio-protective metabolic effects and might reduce CV morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Subjects/Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 1990 Norwegian RTRs, transplanted between 1999 and 2011, associations between plasma phospholipid marine n-3 PUFA levels and various CV risk markers at 10 weeks after transplant were evaluated. Results: Higher plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were associated with lower resting heart rate (rHR), lower fasting plasma glucose (fPG) levels, lower plasma triglyceride levels and higher plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, but not docosahexaenoic acid, showed a positive association with plasma HDL cholesterol levels. Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were not associated with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, pulse wave velocity or systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A negative association between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and CV mortality was weakened by additional adjustment for plasma triglyceride levels and rHR. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs showed similar associations with CV risk markers as absolute plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels. Conclusions: This is the first study in RTRs showing that marine n-3 PUFAs are negatively associated with rHR and fPG in addition to beneficial effects on plasma HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Especially, effects on autonomic nervous function and triglyceride metabolism might contribute to explain the lower CV mortality risk with higher plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels previously shown in this cohort.

• Eide, Ivar Anders; Halden, Thea Anine Strøm; Hartmann, Anders; Åsberg, Anders; Dahle, Dag Olav & Reisæter, Anna Varberg [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Mortality risk in post-transplantation diabetes mellitus based on glucose and HbA1c diagnostic criteria. Transplant International. ISSN 0934-0874. 29(5), s. 568–578. doi: 10.1111/tri.12757. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Ivar Anders; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Hartmann, Anders; Diep, Lien My; Dahle, Dag Olav & Reisæter, Anna Varberg [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Plasma levels of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and renal allograft survival. Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. ISSN 0931-0509. 31(1), s. 160–167. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv339. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jørgensen, Hanne Skou; Eide, Ivar Anders; Hartmann, Anders; Åsberg, Anders; Christensen, Jeppe H. & Schmidt, Erik B. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Bone Mineral Density in Renal Transplant Recipients. Journal of renal nutrition. ISSN 1051-2276. 26(3), s. 196–203. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2015.11.007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Ivar Anders; Halden, Thea Anine Strøm; Hartmann, Anders; Åsberg, Anders; Dahle, Dag Olav & Reisæter, Anna Varberg [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Limitations of hemoglobin A1c for the diagnosis of posttransplant diabetes mellitus. Transplantation. ISSN 0041-1337. 99(3), s. 629–635. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000000376. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Ivar Anders; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Hartmann, Anders; Diep, Lien My; Dahle, Dag Olav & Reisæter, Anna Varberg [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). The association between marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and survival after renal transplantation. American Society of Nephrology. Clinical Journal. ISSN 1555-9041. 10(7), s. 1246–1256. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11931214. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Düring, Marit Elizabeth Von; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Bollerslev, Jens; Åsberg, Anders; Godang, Kristin & Eide, Ivar Anders [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Visceral fat is better related to impaired glucose metabolism than body mass index after kidney transplantation. Transplant International. ISSN 0934-0874. 28(10), s. 1162–1171. doi: 10.1111/tri.12606. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dahle, Dag Olav; Eide, Ivar Anders; Åsberg, Anders; Leivestad, Torbjørn; Holdaas, Hallvard & Jenssen, Trond Geir [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Aortic stiffness in a mortality risk calculator for kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. ISSN 0041-1337. 99(8), s. 1730–1737. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000000660. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lindahl, Jørn Petter Hanto; Reinholt, Finn P.; Eide, Ivar Anders; Hartmann, Anders; Midtvedt, Karsten & Holdaas, Hallvard [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). In patients with type 1 diabetes simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation preserves long-term kidney graft ultrastructure and function better than transplantation of kidney alone. Diabetologia. ISSN 0012-186X. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3353-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dahle, Dag Olav; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Holdaas, Hallvard; Åsberg, Anders; Soveri, Inga & Holme, Ingar Morten K [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Uric acid and clinical correlates of endothelial function in kidney transplant recipients. Clinical Transplantation. ISSN 0902-0063. 28(10), s. 1167–1176. doi: 10.1111/ctr.12435. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Kongerud, Ingrid Charlotte; Midtvedt, Karsten; Solbu, Marit Dahl; Øvrehus, Marius Altern; Eikrem, Øystein Solberg & Eide, Ivar Anders [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Can sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition preserve renal structure and function in de novo kidney transplant recipients? Protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of dapagliflozin on kidney structure, function and safety in kidney transplant recipients in Norway—the DEAK study. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2026-117263. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Recent studies have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors slow the progression of chronic kidney disease in people at high cardiovascular risk, with or without type 2 diabetes. To date, all published studies have excluded kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The Dapagliflozin Early After Kidney Transplantation (DEAK) study aims to prospectively evaluate the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on kidney function, histopathology and metabolic outcomes among de novo KTRs. Methods and analyses This nationwide, investigator-initiated, single-transplant-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical trial with two parallel groups aims to enrol 330 de novo adult KTRs (aged 18–75 years) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 25 mL/min/1.73 m². Participants are enrolled 6–8 weeks after transplantation and randomised 1:1 to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or placebo for 3 years. Recipients with conditions that may intermittently affect kidney function, such as recent acute rejection or ongoing infection, are ineligible for inclusion. The primary endpoint of the study is the difference in the chronic eGFR slope between treatment groups over 3 years, estimated using the European Kidney Function Consortium equation. Secondary and safety endpoints include changes in measured GFR (iohexol clearance), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, blood pressure, infections and safety clinical chemistry. Exploratory endpoints evaluated after 1.5 years include changes in body composition and glucose tolerance; between-group differences in urinary metabolomics; transplant kidney biopsy inflammation and fibrosis scores (n=140) and kidney biopsy messenger RNA and protein expression (n=50). The protocol also includes a 10-year poststudy registry follow-up of eGFR slope, cardiovascular events and graft and patient survival. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol (EudraCT number: 2022-002428-10) has been approved by the Norwegian Medical Products Agency, the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics in Southeast Norway (REK Southeast number 426076) and by the data protection offices at the participating hospitals. The main results will be published in international, peer-reviewed scientific journals. Trial registration number NCT05788276.

• Chan, Joe; Eide, Ivar Anders; Jenssen, Trond; Waldum-Grevbo, Bård; Reier-Nilsen, Morten & Granseth, Tone [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). The long-term effect of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in kidney transplantation: A randomized controlled trial. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Robertsen, Ida; Åsberg, Anders; Jenssen, Trond Geir; Gence, Berfin; Vethe, Nils Tore & Midtvedt, Karsten [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Increased systemic exposure of once-daily tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients on marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Transplant International. ISSN 0934-0874. doi: 10.1111/tri.13917. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chandra, Anupam; Midtvedt, Karsten; Åsberg, Anders & Eide, Ivar Anders (2020). The Authors’ Reply: Placental Pathology in Pregnancies After Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation. ISSN 0041-1337. 104(7), s. e216–e216. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003120. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Egeland, Erlend Johannessen; Hermann, Monica; Eide, Ivar Anders & Åsberg, Anders (2016). Høy takrolimus-konsentrasjon hos nyretransplanterte- en risikofaktor for akutt rejeksjon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Eide, Ivar Anders; Halden, Thea Anine Strøm & Jenssen, Trond Geir (2015). The authors' reply: HbA1c is insensitive at month 3 after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. ISSN 0041-1337. 99(5), s. e38–e38. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000000684. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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