Anne Moen

• Bekele, Rahel; Moen, Anne; Belina, Merga; Saranto, Kaija & Berhane, Kiros (2026). Determinants of collaboration dynamics and challenges in North-South data-driven health research in the African context: an epistemic injustice perspective. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics. 11. doi: 10.3389/frma.2026.1885894. Full text in Research Archive
• Mørch, May Linn Bokma; Schmeller, Dirk S.; Freitas, Ângela; Dantas, Carina; Serra, Sónia R. Q. & Feio, Maria João [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2026). Urban aquatic ecosystems for human health and well-being – a scoping review. BMC Public Health. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-28432-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Norte, Ana Cláudia; Dias, Marcos; Calapez, Ana Raquel; Silva, Janine Pereira da; Serra, Sónia R.Q. & Henni, Silje Havrevold [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2026). Urbanisation impacts avian biodiversity on stream ecosystems – insights from a large geographical scale. Journal of Environmental Management (JEM). ISSN 0301-4797. 414. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130415. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Urban blue and green spaces, such as streams and adjacent riparian areas, constitute important biodiversity refuges in highly anthropogenically -modified areas, but this depends on their ecological characteristics, preservation and management. Birds are useful indicators of ecosystem quality due to their relatively high trophic position. They may also disseminate and control pathogenic organisms, being good indicators for human and animal health risks. In our study, we used presence/absence data of avian species, and a wide environmental characterization of 102 urban streams across five European cities with a broad latitudinal range (Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, and Norway), to evaluate how the impacts of urbanisation on ecosystem health impacted avian biodiversity. Benevento and Oslo differed most strongly from the remaining cities. The most representative bird species were different among the cities, which indicated that there is not a full homogenization of in European riparian zones. Yet, the number of insectivorous bird species was negatively associated with increasing urbanisation, including some of its proxies such as imperviousness, artificial light at night and population density. Streams with higher diversity of vegetation types and habitats tended to favour insectivorous birds like the Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes and the Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita. This is relevant in the context of One Health because this feeding guild may control the abundance of potential disease vector-mosquitoes. Management strategies should focus on preserving and rehabilitating riparian zones with structured vegetation and promoting habitat diversity through the maintenance of hedgerows and patches of natural green areas.

• McCabe, Catherine; Connolly, Leona; Quintana, Yuri; Weir, Arielle; Moen, Anne & Ingvar, Martin [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2025). How to Refine and Prioritize Key Performance Indicators for Digital Health Interventions: Tutorial on Using Consensus Methodology to Enable Meaningful Evaluation of Novel Digital Health Interventions. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR). ISSN 1439-4456. 27. doi: 10.2196/68757. Full text in Research Archive
• Almeida, Joao; Chronaki, Catherine & Moen, Anne (2025). Preliminary Results from Using Gen-AI to Personalized Medication Leaflets. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 329, p. 1114–1118. doi: 10.3233/SHTI251012. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The product information of a medicinal product includes the summary of product characteristics (SmPC), package label, and patient information leaflet (PIL), previously available only in paper or pdf format. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2020 launched the electronic product information (ePI) project to make PILs available in HL7 FHIR®. The Vulcan/ Gravitate-Health ePI project created and tested a global HL7 FHIR Implementation Guide (IG). In parallel, Gravitate-Health conceptualized G-lens®, using information in the Electronic Health Record (EHR) and the International Patient Summary (IPS) to tailor leaflets to individual needs. This paper explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate concise personalized summaries of PILs, guided by data from IPS. The aim is to enhance patient understanding of and adherence to medication by providing digestible personalized summaries of PILs in simplified language to foster shared decision making and enhance patient communication with their health team. We experimented with three different open-source LLMs, employing prompts with and without personalization. Results indicate that LLMs can generate coherent summaries. However, accuracy and personalization need to improve, perhaps by engaging tailored PILs in patient-physician interaction and shared decision-making. Promising future research directions in personalization of PILs include prompt engineering, fine-tuning, and evaluation models for testing at scale.

• Rodrigues, Fernanda; Calapez, Ana R.; Pereira, André M.P.T.; Silva, Liliana J.G.; Freitas, Andreia & Bouchali, Rayan [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2025). Patterns of pharmaceutical contamination in streams of European cities across urbanisation gradients: Potential impacts on One Health. Journal of Hazardous Materials. ISSN 0304-3894. 499. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139946. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Pharmaceuticals are Contaminants of Emerging Concern, with known effects on aquatic organisms such as increased mortality and reproduction inhibition. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on occurrence of pharmaceuticals in European urban streams, and to assess the patterns and factors influencing their presence in the water. Sixteen pharmaceuticals from 6 therapeutic groups were detected in 102 sites sampled in 2022–2023 within 5 European cities (Coimbra-Portugal, Toulouse-France, Benevento-Italy, Ghent-Belgium, and Oslo-Norway). Pharmaceuticals and their mixtures were observed in 91 % and 79 % of the sites, respectively. Irbesartan, bisoprolol and carbamazepine were found in more than 50 % of the sites. Acetaminophen had the highest median concentration (near 1 μg/L). Toulouse had the higher total pharmaceutical concentration, followed by Ghent, Benevento, Coimbra and Oslo. Contaminants from the European Union Watch List (ofloxacin, propranolol, fluoxetine) were detected. The pharmaceutical patterns differed among cities, except between Coimbra and Oslo. The contamination by pharmaceuticals, considering all sites, was predicted by population and tree cover densities, but also by morphological condition, riparian zone, water pollution and imperviousness within some of the cities. This study reveals a high contamination of urban streams by pharmaceuticals, which could lead to risks for the health of aquatic organisms and humans.

• Tramontano, Adriano; Benis, Arriel; Chronaki, Catherine; Datta, Gora; Moen, Anne & Henni, Silje Havrevold [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). On the Design of a FAIR Data Maturity Model for OneAquaHealth. In Hübner, Ursula H.; Liebe, Jan-David; Benis, Arriel; Egbert, Nicole; Engelsma, Thomas; Gallos, Parisis; Flemming, Daniel; Lichtner, Valentina; Marcilly, Romaric; Tamburis, Oscar & Villumsen, Sidsel (Ed.), Good Evaluation - Better Digital Health. IOS Press. ISSN 9781643686295. p. 278–282. doi: 10.3233/shti251544. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The scope of this work is to describe the overall process of assessing the compliance of the main Digital Objects produced in the OneAquaHealth project with the FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) via a custom FAIR Data Maturity Model. The model was designed and developed according to the project features, and in according with the One Digital Health Framework. Its goal is also to provide a tool characterized by a solid educational ground, so as to set the foundation of a timely FAIRification process for the next project steps.

• Maurud, Sigurd; Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Opheim, Randi (2025). Mapping conditional health literacy and digital health literacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease to optimise availability of digital health information: a cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. ISSN 0036-5521. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2025.2497952. Full text in Research Archive
• Lewerenz, Simon; Moen, Anne & Martins, Henrique (2025). Public value and digital health: The example of guiding values in the national digital health strategy of France. International Journal of Medical Informatics. ISSN 1386-5056. 196. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.105794. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjorth-Johansen, Elin; Børøsund, Elin; Moen, Anne; Martinsen, Ingeborg; Wik, Gunnar & Solevåg, Anne Lee [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). An individualised mobile app was beneficial for the mothers of infants with severe congenital heart defects. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 114(6), p. 1238–1248. doi: 10.1111/apa.17556. Full text in Research Archive
• Maurud, Sigurd; Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne & Opheim, Randi (2024). Exploring the foundations of a digital health information service for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a mixed method study in Gravitate-Health. BMC Gastroenterology. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12876-024-03272-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Providing relevant digital health information of high quality may promote treatment adherence and self-management for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The development of digital health services is optimised by considering end users’ needs. Aim To identify key aspects required for digital promotion of inflammatory bowel disease patients’ self-management by exploring their health information needs and the preferences of both patients and healthcare professionals in relation to the digital provision of inflammatory bowel disease health services. Methods Data from an audit of 1,481 electronic health record summaries from an inflammatory bowel disease help line, 17 semi-structured interviews with inflammatory bowel disease patients and 2 focus group interviews with 11 healthcare professionals were analysed. Results Patients primarily contacted the hospital due to concerns about symptoms, examinations and tests, and medicines. Their concerns appeared to vary according to diagnosis, gender, age and disease duration. The interviews identified two overarching themes: (1) the available health information and patients’ health information needs, and (2) whishes, thoughts and preferences for a digital solution in IBD care with relevant and individualised information. Conclusions The findings delineate key aspects for developing a suitable digital health information service. Patients seek information from healthcare professionals about treatment; however, in a digital solution, they want access to relevant and practical information about the disease, treatment and self-management. Both patients and healthcare professionals saw opportunities for increasing health data availability to patients. However, healthcare professionals expressed concerns about adapting, maintaining and ensuring the relevance of patient health information without increasing their workload and, thus, reducing quality of care.

• Folkvord, Frans; Würth, Ana Roca-Umbert; Houten, Karlijn van; Liefveld, Aad R.; Carlson, Jim Ingebretsen & Bol, Nadine [Show all 26 contributors for this article] (2024). A systematic review on experimental studies about patient adherence to treatment. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives. 12(1). doi: 10.1002/prp2.1166. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A better understanding of patients' adherence to treatment is a prerequisite to maximize the benefit of healthcare provision for patients, reduce treatment costs, and is a key factor in a variety of subsequent health outcomes. We aim to understand the state of the art of scientific evidence about which factors influence patients' adherence to treatment. A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines in five separate electronic databases of scientific publications: PubMed, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Cochrane library (Ovid), Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search focused on literature reporting the significance of factors in adherence to treatment between 2011 and 2021, including only experimental studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials [RCT], clinical trials, etc.). We included 47 experimental studies. The results of the systematic review (SR) are grouped according to predetermined categories of the World Health Organization (WHO): socioeconomic, treatment, condition, personal, and healthcare-related factors. This review gives an actual overview of evidence-based studies on adherence and analyzed the significance of factors defined by the WHO classification. By showing the strength of certain factors in several independent studies and concomitantly uncovering gaps in research, these insights could serve as a basis for the design of future adherence studies and models.

• Kharko, Anna; Blease, Charlotte; Johansen, Monika Alise; Moen, Anne; Scandurra, Isabella & McMillan, Brian [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Mapping Patients' Online Record Access Worldwide: Preliminary Results from an International Survey of Healthcare Experts. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 310, p. 114–118. doi: 10.3233/SHTI230938. Full text in Research Archive
• Oelschlägel, Lina; Moen, Anne; Dihle, Alfhild; Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Heggdal, Kristin & Österlind, Jane [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Implementation of remote home care: assessment guided by the RE-AIM framework. BMC Health Services Research. 24(1), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-10625-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Welfare technology interventions have become increasingly important in home-based palliative care for facilitating safe, time-efficient, and cost-effective methods to support patients living independently. However, studies evaluating the implementation of welfare technology innovations are scarce, and the empirical evidence for sustainable models using technology in home-based palliative care remains low. This study aimed to report on the use of the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to assess the implementation of remote home care (RHC) a technology-mediated service for home-living patients in the palliative phase of cancer. Furthermore, it aimed to explore areas of particular importance determining the sustainability of technologies for remote palliative home-based care. Methods: A secondary analysis of data collected by semi-structured interviews with patients with cancer in the palliative phase, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews with healthc

• Kokolakis, Stratos; Kokinou, Eleni; Chronaki, Catherine; Moen, Anne & Datta, Gora (2024). Earth Observation and Geoinformatics to Monitoring the Environmental Status of Urban Streams Inextricably Linked to People's Mental Health. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 316, p. 1560–1564. doi: 10.3233/SHTI240716. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The general condition of urban watercourses is inextricably linked to ecological balance and public health (physical and mental well-being). Given the vulnerability of these systems to climate change and human pollution, this work aims to demonstrate the effective use of environmental indicators to: a) rapidly assess soil and water conditions near urban streams and b) highlight the importance of geoinformatics and earth observation supported by ground-based techniques. There is a great need for new technology and methods for spatial and temporal monitoring and further quantification of environmental quality in urban streams and the land surrounding them to sensitize policymakers and the public to the environmental degradation of these exceptional habitats and to further protect people’s mental health.

• Fiske, Mari; Moen, Anne; Mdala, Ibrahimu & Straand, Jørund (2024). Malnutrition and Polypharmacy in Older Adult Patients Receiving Home Care Nursing Services: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. ISSN 1525-8610. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.11.016. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective We studied the nutritional status of older adult adults receiving home nursing care using demographic data, household category, polypharmacy, and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants Two Norwegian municipalities during 2017-2019; home nursing service clients aged ≥70 years. Methods Inclusion of patients and data collection were done by nurses working in the home services. Recorded data were participants’ age, sex, living alone or with others, nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form and body mass index), regular prescription drugs, and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) according to the Norwegian General Practice Nursing home (NORGEP-NH) criteria. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Results Of the 270 patients (mean age 84.2 years; 64.8% females; 188 living alone), 25 (9.3%) were malnourished and 154 (57%) at risk of malnutrition; in addition, 14.8% had a BMI <21 and 27.8% had lost weight in the previous 3 months. The odds for being at malnutrition risk was higher if living with others vs living alone: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.23 (1.20-4.13). Female sex, older age, and better mobility was associated with living alone. The mean number of regular drugs was 7.3. Overall, 43.3% of the participants used at least 1 PIM. Using 0 to 5 drugs vs ≥6 drugs (polypharmacy) was associated with higher odds for malnutrition risk: adjusted OR 1.97 (1.04-3.75). Compared with well-nourished patients, those at risk for or who were malnourished used fewer cardiovascular and musculoskeletal drugs. Exposure to PIMs was not associated with nutritional status. Conclusions and Implications Two-thirds of home nurse clients were either malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. Living with others or using fewer daily drugs implied increased risk for malnourishment, probably reflecting differences in morbidity and possible inappropriateness of medication use. Future research on nutritional status and medication use should aim for including more clinical data than simple drug counts.

• Linstad, Line Helen; Bjørnå, Hilde; Moen, Anne; Kristiansen, Truls Tunby & Hansen, Anne Helen (2024). Investigating the Norwegian eHealth Governance Model: Document Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR). ISSN 1439-4456. 26. doi: 10.2196/59717. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Governments and policy makers struggle to achieve a balance between hierarchical steering and horizontal governance in systems characterized by fragmented decision authority and multiple interests. To realize its One Citizen–One Journal eHealth policy vision, the Norwegian government established a special eHealth board of stakeholders to create an inclusive governance model that aligned stakeholders’ interests with the government’s ambitions through coordination and consensus. Little empirical knowledge exists on how countries realize inclusive governance models.<p> <p>Objective: This study aims to investigate how the Norwegian inclusive eHealth governance model was developed as a tool to align the government’s policy ambitions with stakeholders’ concerns from January 2012 to December 2022.<p> <p>Methods: This document study used a thematic analysis based on a constructivist research approach. We included 16 policy documents and 175 consultation response documents issued between January 2012 and December 2022 related to the Norwegian One Citizen–One Journal policy implementation process. The themes were constructed deductively from a review of governance models and public governance theory and were applied as our analytical lens to each document. The findings were interpreted, analyzed, and synthesized.<p> <p>Results: The national policy implementation process progressed through 3 phases, with changes in stakeholder inclusion and perceived influence on the decision-making process characterizing transitions from phase to phase. Tension developed between 2 contrasting views regarding top-down government authority and stakeholders’ autonomy. The view of the regional health trusts, municipalities, health care professional organizations, and industry actors contrasted with that of the patient organizations. Governmental insensitivity to participation, lack of transparency, and decreasing trust by stakeholder groups challenged the legitimacy of the inclusive governance model.<p> <p>Conclusions: We illustrated that Norway’s One Citizen–One Journal policy trajectory was characterized by a process that unfolded across 3 distinct phases. The process was characterized by 2 contrasting stakeholder perspectives. Finally, it was shaped by diminishing trust in the inclusive governance model. The National eHealth Governance Board faced challenges in establishing legitimacy as a top-down inclusive governance model, primarily attributed to its addressing of participation, transparency, and trust dilemmas. Such dilemmas represent significant obstacles to inclusive governance models and require ongoing governmental vigilance and responsiveness from governmental entities.

• Thorshov, Thea Christine; Dammen, Toril; Moen, Anne; Einvik, Gunnar & Hrubos-Strøm, Harald (2024). Prevalence of insomnia and feasibility of a nurse-administered digital cognitive behavioural therapy two years after corona virus disease hospitalisation. Sleep Medicine. ISSN 1389-9457. 125, p. 108–113. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.11.028. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Disturbed sleep is prevalent after corona virus disease (COVID-19). However, little is known of post infectious prevalence, course, predictors and treatment of chronic insomnia. Aim To estimate the prevalence of chronic insomnia three and twelve months after hospitalisation for COVID-19, to identify predictors of chronic insomnia, and to evaluate the feasibility of a nurse-administered digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (dCBTi) protocol. Method Patients hospitalised at Akershus University Hospital (Norway) for COVID-19 between February–June 2020 were eligible. The 94 patients that consented to participate were contacted by phone and interviewed with a modified DUKE structured interview three- and twelve months after discharge. Participants with chronic insomnia after twelve months were offered a nurse-administered dCBTi treatment protocol. Outcome measurements were sleep efficiency (SE) calculated by standard formulas (0-100 %) and the Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS) (0-42). Results At three-month follow-up, 22 persons (23 %) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia. At twelve-month follow-up, 23 fulfilled the diagnostic criteria. The odds ratios for chronic insomnia after twelve months were 0.857 (0.742–0.989) for body mass index (BMI), and 0.239 (0.069–0.821) for male sex. Ten participated in the dCBTi feasibility study. Five completed the treatment protocol. SE improved, but not significantly. The BIS score improved significantly from 24 to 12 (p-value = 0.036). Conclusion Chronic insomnia remained stable three- and twelve months post COVID-19 hospitalisation. Female sex and low BMI were independent predictors of chronic insomnia twelve months post infection, but only 50 % of participants completed the protocol. Completers significantly reduced insomnia symptoms.

• Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Heyn, Lena Günterberg; Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Brembo, Espen Andreas; Byermoen, Kirsten Røland & Moen, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Factors associated with changes in students' self-reported nursing competence after clinical rotations: A quantitative cohort study. BMC Medical Education. 23(1), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04078-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The quality of nursing care in different healthcare contexts can be associated with the level of available nursing competence. Physical assessment skills are vital in nurses' assessment of patient care needs. However, in nursing education, using physical assessment skills is challenging for nursing students who struggle to apply these skills comprehensively in a clinical rotation. Therefore, this study explores changes in nursing competence, factors associated with changes after clinical rotations, and whether a Suite of Mobile Learning Tools supports changes in confident use of basic physical assessment skills. Methods: A quantitative cohort study with an explorative pre-and post-test design. During autumn 2019 and spring 2020, 72 s-year nursing students and 99 third-year students participated in the study. The Nurse Professional Competence scale short form was used to investigate students’ self-reported changes in nursing competence, and a study-specific questionnaire was used to investigate students’ confidence concerning performing physical assessments. The students voluntarily used the Suite of Mobile Learning Tools for the learning of physical assessment. Linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with changes in nursing competence after clinical rotation. The STROBE guidelines for cohort studies were followed for study reporting. Results: After the clinical rotation, both student groups reported changes in nursing competence and confidence in performing physical assessment skills, with statistically significant moderate or large changes in all areas. The Suite of Mobile Learning Tools was evaluated as being useful for learning physical assessment. The regression analysis showed that confidence in performing physical assessment skills, the usefulness of the Suite of Mobile Learning Tools, and a higher nursing competence at the start of clinical rotation were positively associated with overall nursing competence. Conclusion Basic physical assessment skills are an important component of nursing competence and can be considered one of the pillars of person-centered care, as proposed by the Fundamentals of Care framework. Spaced repetition and access to digital resources are suggested pedagogical approaches to enhance student confidence in the use of assessment skills within academic and clinical contexts.

• Tauqeer, Fatima; Moen, Anne; Myhr, Kirsten; Wilson, Claire A. & Lupattelli, Angela (2023). Assessing decisional conflict and challenges in decision-making among perinatal women using or considering using antidepressants during pregnancy—a mixed-methods study. Archives of Women's Mental Health. ISSN 1434-1816. 26, p. 669–683. doi: 10.1007/s00737-023-01341-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study aims to investigate decisional conflict and elucidate challenges in decision-making among perinatal women using or considering using antidepressant (AD) during pregnancy. A sequential, mixed-methods study was employed among pregnant and postnatal women in Norway who had been offered ADs in the last 5 years. Quantitative data were obtained through an electronic questionnaire. Decisional conflict in pregnancy was assessed using the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) defined as either low (

• Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Brembo, Espen Andreas; Egilsdottir, Hugrun Ösp; Eide, Tom; Heyn, Lena Günterberg & Moen, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Newly graduated nurses use and further development of assessment skills—An in-depth qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. 79(9), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1111/jan.15631. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims: To explore in-depth nurses' use and further development of assessment skills in different nursing contexts in the first 2 years after graduation, and factors that influenced their use and development of assessment skills. Design: The study had explorative qualitative design. Methods: Eight nurses who previously had been interviewed about their learning of physical assessment skills in clinical rotation as students participated in this follow-up study. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted, where the nurses spoke freely about their experiences after graduation. Results: Four prominent features influencing the nurses' use and development of assessment skills were identified: (a) assessment approaches and readiness for practice, (b) the primacy of communication, (c) recognition related to performing assessments, and (d) the influence of organizational factors on their assessment applications. Conclusion: Newly graduated nurses' use of assessment skills is an important part of providing holistic care. This study suggest that assessment skills is not only an assessment task but is central in relationship building and in supporting the professional development of nursing competence.

• Thorshov, Thea Christine; Øverby, Caroline Tonje; Hansen, Diana Dobran; Bong, Way Kiat; Skifjeld, Knut & Hurlen, Petter [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Experience with the use of a digital sleep diary in symptom management by individuals with insomnia -a pilot mixed method study. Sleep Medicine: X. 6. doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100093. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. The recommended treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi). A sleep diary is a core tool in CBTi. We have developed a digital sleep diary with a standardised feedback function. Aim: To study feasibility of the digital sleep diary in participants of the Akershus Sleep Apnea (ASAP) cohorts with difficulties falling asleep or maintaining sleep. To describe sleep diary engagement and explore experiences with the digital sleep diary with potential influences in insomnia symptom management. Material and methods: Twenty participants were recruited from the ASAP. All filled out a digital sleep diary up to 12 weeks. Treatment options provided were a self-help book (N = 11) or electroencephalography neurofeedback (N = 9) in addition to the sleep diary standardised feedback function. We collected quantitative data from the sleep diary reports and we sub-divided insomnia by sleep onset insomnia and non-sleep onset insomnia. Finally, we performed qualitative interviews. Results: The median number of entries to the sleep diary was 81 (25th quartile: 26, 75th quartile 84). In the qualitative analysis, we identified two main themes; “structure and overview” and “usability and digital features”. Conclusion: The sleep diary was found to be feasible when distributed in combination with a self-help book or electroencephalography neurofeedback. The qualitative results emphasised the importance of a timely graphical overview and visualisations of self-recorded sleep.

• Maurud, Sigurd; Henni, Silje Havrevold & Moen, Anne (2023). Health Equity in Clinical Research Informatics. Yearbook of Medical Informatics. ISSN 0943-4747. 32(1), p. 138–145. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1768720. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objectives: Through a scoping review, we examine in this survey what ways health equity has been promoted in clinical research informatics with patient implications and especially published in the year of 2021 (and some in 2022). Method: A scoping review was conducted guided by using methods described in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual. The review process consisted of five stages: 1) development of aim and research question, 2) literature search, 3) literature screening and selection, 4) data extraction, and 5) accumulate and report results. Results: From the 478 identified papers in 2021 on the topic of clinical research informatics with focus on health equity as a patient implication, 8 papers met our inclusion criteria. All included papers focused on artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The papers addressed health equity in clinical research informatics either through the exposure of inequity in AI-based solutions or using AI as a tool for promoting health equity in the delivery of healthcare services. While algorithmic bias poses a risk to health equity within AI-based solutions, AI has also uncovered inequity in traditional treatment and demonstrated effective complements and alternatives that promotes health equity. Conclusions: Clinical research informatics with implications for patients still face challenges of ethical nature and clinical value. However, used prudently—for the right purpose in the right context—clinical research informatics could bring powerful tools in advancing health equity in patient care.

• Hjorth-Johansen, Elin; Børøsund, Elin; Martinsen, Ingeborg; Holmstrøm, Henrik & Moen, Anne (2023). Acceptability and Initial Adoption of the Heart Observation App for Infants With Congenital Heart Disease: Qualitative Study. JMIR Formative Research. 7, p. 1–15. doi: 10.2196/45920. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Approximately 1% of all infants are born with a congenital heart disease (CHD). Internationally CHD remains a major cause of infant death, some of which occur unexpectedly after a gradual deterioration at home. Many parents find it difficult to recognize worsening of symptoms. Objective: This study aims to report the acceptability and initial adoption of a mobile app, the Heart Observation app (HOBS), aiming to support parents’ understanding and management of their child’s condition and to increase quality in follow-up from health care professionals in complex health care services in Norway. Methods: A total of 9 families were interviewed on discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit and after 1 month at home. The infant’s primary nurse, community nurse, and cardiologist were also interviewed regarding their experiences about collaboration with the family. The interviews were analyzed inductively with thematic content analysis. Results: The analysis generated 4 main themes related to acceptability and adoption: (1) Individualize Initial Support, (2) Developing Confidence and Coping, (3) Normalize When Appropriate, and (4) Implementation in a Complex Service Pathway. The receptivity of parents to learn and attend in the intervention differs according to their present situation. Health care professionals emphasized the importance of adapting the introduction and guidance to parents’ receptivity to ensure comprehension, self-efficacy, and thereby acceptance before discharge (Individualize Initial Support). Parents perceived that HOBS served them well and nurtured confidence by teaching them what to be aware of. Health care professionals reported most parents as confident and informed. This potential effect increased the possibility of adoption (Developing Confidence and Coping). Parents expressed that HOBS was not an “everyday app” and wanted to normalize everyday life when appropriate. Health care professionals suggested differentiating use according to severity and reducing assessments after recovery to adapt the burden of assessments when appropriate (Normalize When Appropriate). Health care professionals’ attitude to implement HOBS in their services was positive. They perceived HOBS as useful to systemize guidance, to enhance communication regarding an infant’s condition, and to increase understanding of heart defects in health care professionals with sparse experience (Implementation in a Complex Service Pathway). Conclusions: This feasibility study shows that both parents and health care professionals found HOBS as a positive addition to the health care system and follow-up. HOBS was accepted and potentially useful, but health care professionals should guide parents initially to ensure comprehension and adapt timing to parents’ receptivity. By doing so, parents may be confident to know what to look for regarding their child’s health and cope at home. Differentiating between various diagnoses and severity is important to support normalization when appropriate. Further controlled studies are needed to assess adoption, usefulness, and benefits in the health care system

• Brenner, Maria; Weir, Arielle; McCann, Margaret; Doyle, Carmel; Hughes, Mary & Moen, Anne [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Development of the key performance indicators for digital health interventions: A scoping review. Digital Health. 9. doi: 10.1177/20552076231152160. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Digital health interventions offer new methods for delivering healthcare, with the potential to innovate healthcare services. Key performance indicators play a role in the evaluation, measurement, and improvement in healthcare quality and service performance. The aim of this scoping review was to identify current knowledge and evidence surrounding the development of key performance indicators for digital health interventions. Methods A literature search was conducted across ten key databases: AMED – The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, CINAHL – Complete, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, EMBASE, EBM Reviews – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews – Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, EBM Reviews – Health Technology Assessment, and IEEE Xplore. Results Five references were eligible for the review. Two were articles on original research studies of a specific digital health intervention, and two were overviews of methods for developing digital health interventions (not specific to a single digital health intervention). All the included reports discussed the involvement of stakeholders in developing key performance indicators for digital health interventions. The step of identifying and defining the key performance indicators was completed using various methodologies, but all centred on a form of stakeholder involvement. Potential options for stakeholder involvement for key performance indicator identification include the use of an elicitation framework, a factorial survey approach, or a Delphi study. Conclusions Few articles were identified, highlighting a significant gap in evidence-based knowledge in this domain. All the included articles discussed the involvement of stakeholders in developing key performance indicators for digital health interventions, which were performed using various methodologies. The articles acknowledged a lack of literature related to key performance indicator development for digital health interventions. To allow comparability between key performance indicator initiatives and facilitate work in the field, further research would be beneficial to develop a common methodology for key performance indicators development for digital health interventions.

• Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Eide, Tom; Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Eide, Hilde; Heyn, Lena & Moen, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Nursing students’ development of using physical assessment in clinical rotation—a stimulated recall study. BMC Nursing. 21(1), p. 1–17. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00879-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The overall aim of this study was to explore third-year bachelor nursing students’ stimulated recall reflections on their physical assessment competence development. The choice of learning strategies in nursing education seems to have great impact on nursing students’ use of physical assessment skills while in clinical rotation. There is a need to explore nursing students’ learning processes related to the use of physical assessments. Methods: Explorative qualitative design using a triangulation of data collection methods. Nine final-year nursing students’ physical assessment performances during patient encounters were audio-taped and observed. Shortly after, an individual stimulated recall interview based on the audio-recorded patient encounter and observation notes was conducted. A two-fold analysis was conducted: 1) analysis of students’ performed assessments, and 2) phenomeno- logical hermeneutical analysis of the stimulated recall interviews. Results: Nursing students assessments shifted from a checklist approach to a symptom-based, more holistic and person-centred approach, emphasizing conversation as part of their assessments. The nursing students also reported that a safe and stimulating learning environment was a prominent feature for their continuing development. Learning from skilled role models with expectations to them using physical assessment skills facilitated their continuing skills appliance, interprofessional communication and reflective practice. Conclusions: This study contribute with a novel, comprehensive and in-depth description of what influenced nurs- ing students’ learning processes experiences of using physical assessment skills during clinical rotation. The results reveal the need for targeted course designs by implementing scaffolded learning activities in practical and theoreti- cal courses aimed at strengthening students’ learning of physical assessment skills—building upon and emphasizing their prior knowledge and competence, which may lead to more confident registered nurses and promote patient safety in different health care contexts. We propose using stimulated recall systematically as a novel reflective learning activity in nursing education to foster clinical reasoning and metacognition skills and achieve deep learning

• Chomutare, Taridzo Fred; Hernandez, Miguel Angel Tejedor; Svenning, Therese Olsen; Ruiz, Luis Marco; Nasrabadi, Maryam Tayefi & Lind, Karianne Fredenfeldt [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2022). Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Healthcare: A Theory-Based Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(23). doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316359. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  There is a large proliferation of complex data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) applications in many aspects of our daily lives, but their implementation in healthcare is still limited. This scoping review takes a theoretical approach to examine the barriers and facilitators based on empirical data from existing implementations. We searched the major databases of relevant scientific publications for articles related to AI in clinical settings, published between 2015 and 2021. Based on the theoretical constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we used a deductive, followed by an inductive, approach to extract facilitators and barriers. After screening 2784 studies, 19 studies were included in this review. Most of the cited facilitators were related to engagement with and management of the implementation process, while the most cited barriers dealt with the intervention’s generalizability and interoperability with existing systems, as well as the inner settings’ data quality and availability. We noted per-study imbalances related to the reporting of the theoretic domains. Our findings suggest a greater need for implementation science expertise in AI implementation projects, to improve both the implementation process and the quality of scientific reporting.

• Oelschlägel, Lina; Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Moen, Anne; Heggdal, Kristin; Österlind, Jane & Dihle, Alfhild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Patients' experiences with a welfare technology application for remote home care: A longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. n/a(n/a), p. 1–14. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16592. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aims and Objectives To explore the longitudinal experiences using an application named remote home care for remote palliative care among patients with cancer living at home. Background Introducing welfare technology in home-based care for patients with cancer in the palliative phase is internationally suggested as a measure to remotely support palliative care needs. However, little is known about the experiences of patients utilising welfare technology applications to receive home-based care from healthcare professionals in a community care context. Although living with cancer in the palliative phase often presents rapidly changing ailments, emotions and challenges with patients' needs changing accordingly, no studies exploring the longitudinal experiences of patients were found. Design A qualitative study with a longitudinal, exploratory design. Methods Data were collected through individual interviews with 11 patients over 16 weeks. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ checklist guided the reporting of the study. Results Three themes were identified: (1) potential to facilitate self-governance of life-limiting illness in daily life, (2) need for interpersonal relationships and connections, and (3) experiences of increased responsibility and unclear utility of the Remote Home Care. Conclusion The results showed that remote home care facilitated patients' daily routines, symptom control and improved illness-management at home. Interpersonal relationships with healthcare professionals were considered pivotal for satisfactory follow-up. Infrastructural glitches regarding data access, information sharing and lack of continuous adjustments of the application represented major challenges, with the potential to impose a burden on patients with cancer in the palliative phase. Relevance to Clinical Practice By exploring the experiences of patients in palliative care over time as the disease progresses, this study provides constructive insights for the design and development of welfare technology applications and optimal care strategies. Patient or Public Contribution The remote home care was developed by interdisciplinary healthcare professionals. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community? A longitudinal study of patients' experiences of using an application for remote palliative care at home with follow-up from municipality healthcare professionals. The study demonstrates that applications for remote palliative care at home has the potential of providing patients with enhanced routines and control when managing their illness at home. When applications for remote palliative care are planned and implemented in patients with severe illness, such as cancer in the palliative phase, this study argue that a person-centred approach is crucial for the experiences of supportive care.

• Lunde, Lene; Moen, Anne; Jakobsen, Rune Bruhn; Møller, Britta; Rosvold, Elin Olaug & Brænd, Anja Maria (2022). A preliminary simulation‑based qualitative study of healthcare students’ experiences of interprofessional primary care scenarios. Advances in Simulation. 7(1). doi: 10.1186/s41077-022-00204-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Introducing interprofessional education (IPE) in healthcare curricula can prepare students for healthcare practices that have become increasingly complex. The use of simulation is promoted to support IPE. This study explores healthcare students’ experiences of participating in common, sub-acute patient scenarios that routinely occur in clinical practice in primary care. More specifically, it looks at how sub-acute patient scenarios from primary care can help develop interprofessional collaborative competence. Methods: Medical students (N=10), master’s students in advanced geriatric nursing (N=8) and bachelor’s students in nursing (N=9) participated in the simulations. The students were in their last or second-to-last year of education. We conducted five semi-structured focus group interviews with the participants’ directly after the simulation training to elicit experiences related to the scenarios, the simulation and interprofessional collaboration. The transcripts were analysed using systematic text condensation. To supplement the focus group interviews, the students also completed the interprofessional collaborative competency attainment survey (ICCAS), which measures the students’ self-assessed interprofessional competence. Results: Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the focus group interviews: Realism, Uncertainty, and Reflection. The students emphasised the importance of authentic and recognisable scenarios. They said the vague and unspecific patient symptoms created uncertainty in the situation, making it difficult to understand the patient’s diagnosis. Despite that uncertainty, they described the experience as positive. Further, the students expressed that the simulation increased their confidence in interprofessional collaboration and prepared them for future work. The results from the ICCAS questionnaire showed that the students reported a subjective positive change in their interprofessional competence after participating in the scenarios. Conclusions: This study showed that simulation-based IPE with sub-acute primary care scenarios contributes to develop interprofessional collaborative competence in healthcare education. Sub-acute scenarios can supplement the more common approaches with acute-care scenarios and aid in developing the collaborative competence required to work in healthcare teams.

• Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Heyn, Lena; Brembo, Espen Andreas; Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Moen, Anne & Eide, Hilde (2022). The value of a redesigned clinical course during COVID-19 pandemic: an explorative convergent mixed-methods study. BMC Nursing. 21(1), p. 1–19. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00872-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The COVID-19 lockdown in March 2020 had a significant consequence for nursing students world- wide including limited access to learning situations in clinical rotation. Therefore, this study aims to explore how an innovative redesign of a clinical course in a time of pandemic supported nursing students in learning the fundamen- tals of care in their first year. The redesign involved the transformation of a traditional hands-on clinical course into a technology-enhanced learning environment. Design: This was an explorative convergent mixed-methods study using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods: Twenty-four first-year nursing students responded to an online questionnaire with open-ended questions. Two nursing students and one faculty member participated in individual online interviews, and three faculty mem- bers participated in an online focus group interview. All the data were collected in June 2020. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data using content analysis. The GRAMMS guideline was applied. Results: The students achieved the learning outcomes regarding fundamental care, basic physical assessment skills, and clinical reasoning with the help of academic assignments, multimedia learning resources, and virtual patients. Further, six central aspects of the facilitator role in the virtual simulation were identified. The aspect that was consid- ered most valuable involved uncovering the “red thread” between different areas of knowledge in the first year of nursing education; this supported the students to better understand how to think and talk like a nurse. Conclusion: This study offers insight into how a technology-enhanced clinical course can foster the learning of fundamental nursing care, basic physical assessment skills, and clinical reasoning skills; enhancing students’ prepar- edness for clinical hours. Virtual patients’ scenarios contributed to integrating different types of knowledge and skills that are important when providing nursing care for patients in clinical practice. This study also highlighted a gap in pedagogical competence among faculty members with regards to facilitating learning in a technology-enhanced learning environment. Study findings suggest promising pedagogical strategies that should be further developed post-pandemic, in response to the call for a renewal of nursing education using more technologically supported learning designs

• Henni, Silje Havrevold; Maurud, Sigurd; Fuglerud, Kristin Skeide & Moen, Anne (2022). The experiences, needs and barriers of people with impairments related to usability and accessibility of digital health solutions, levels of involvement in the design process and strategies for participatory and universal design: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 22(35). doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12393-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective Globally, the number of digital health solutions is increasing, but they are not always designed with access and utilisation for people with impairments in mind. Development efforts have often not included the voice and requirements of people with impairments, who make up 15% of the world’s population, despite the fact that this can help ensure broad access and utilisation. Little attention to and limited inclusion of people with impairments in the development of digital health solutions results in continued and reinforced inequalities in health services provision for people with impairments. This review investigates the needs and barriers of people with impairments related to use of digital health solutions and strategies to foster user participation, access and utilisation of digital health solutions. Methods This scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual, had five phases: 1) identification of aim and research questions, 2) literature search in five databases (April/May 2020), 3) literature screening based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4) data extraction, and (5) reporting results. Results The literature search resulted in 5968 sources, of which 25 met our inclusion criteria. People with impairments appreciate digital health solutions that are designed to meet their specific impairment-related challenges. The reported needs and barriers related to technological design varied depending on the individuals’ challenges. The literature reported different types of participatory co-design strategies to foster access and utilisation of digital health solutions. Conclusion This scoping review support needs for increased awareness among developers to design solutions that meet people’s needs, contexts and states of health. By applying universal design as a strategy and including people with different types of impairments, starting in the idea creation phase of digital health solutions and throughout the development, developers can design solutions with better accessibility. Digital health solutions that are accessible and usable have a tremendous opportunity to foster health equity and achieve health promotion, prevention and self-care. This in turn can contribute to closing the gap between different population groups, reduce disparities and get the most from available healthcare services.

• Turk, Eva; Wontor, Viola; Vera-Munoz, Cecilia; Comes, Lucia; Rodriguez, Natercia & Ferrari, Giovanna [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Human-centered integrated care pathways for co-creating a digital, user-centric health information solution. Journal of Integrated Care. ISSN 1476-9018. doi: 10.1108/JICA-01-2022-0007. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose A broader challenge of co-creating digital solutions with patients addresses the question how to apply an open-access digital platform with trusted digital health information as a measure to transform the way patients access and understand health information. It further addresses use this for adherence to treatment, risk minimization and quality of life throughout the integrated patient journey. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the early steps in towards progress to co-creating the digital solution. Design/methodology/approach To coordinate the co-creation process, the authors established a multiphased plan to deep-dive into user needs and behaviors across patient journeys, to identify nuances and highlight important patterns in stakeholder and end-user segment at various stages in the patient's journey. Findings A set of tools was designed to serve as a human-centered compass throughout the lifecycle of the project. Those tools include shared objects; personas, user journeys, a set of performance indicators with related requirements – all those tools being consistently refined in ongoing co-creation workshops with members of the cross-functional stakeholder groups. Originality/value In this study, a multidisciplinary, public-private partnership looked at integrated digital tool to improve access, understanding and adherence to treatment for diverse groups of patients across all stages of their health journeys in a number of countries including European Union (EU) and United States of America (USA). As a result of this work, the authors attempt to increase the possibility that the improved availability and understanding of health information from trusted sources translates to higher levels of adherence to treatment, safer use of medication (pharmacovigilance), better health outcomes and quality of life integrated in the patient's journey.

• Hjorth-Johansen, Elin; Børøsund, Elin; Moen, Anne; Anna, Harmens; Martinsen, Ingeborg & Wik, Gunnar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Heart OBServation app: development of a decision support tool for parents of infants with severe cardiac disease. Cardiology in the Young. ISSN 1047-9511. 33(8), p. 1350–1358. doi: 10.1017/S1047951122002438. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background and objectives: Many parents of infants with CHD find it difficult to recognise symptoms of deterioration in their children. Therefore, a personalised decision support application for parents has been developed. This application aims to increase parents’ awareness of their infant’s normal condition, help them assess signs of deterioration, decide who and when to contact health services, and what to report. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept and report results from a usability study. Methods: An interprofessional group developed a mobile application called the Heart OBServation app in close collaboration with parents using an iterative process. We performed a usability study consisting of semi-structured interviews of 10 families at discharge and after one month and arranged two focus group interviews with nurses caring for these families. Athematic framework analysis of the interviews explored the usability of features in the application. Usability was assessed twice using the System Usability Scale, and a user log was registered throughout the study. Results: The overall system usability score, 82.3 after discharge and 81.7 after one month, indicates good system usability. The features of Heart OBServation were perceived as useful to provide tailored information, increase awareness of the child’s normal condition, and to guide parents in what to look for. To empower parents, an interactive discharge checklist was added. Conclusions: The Heart OBServation demonstrated good usability and was well received by parents and nurses. Feasibility and benefits of this application in clinical practice will be investigated in further studies

• Moen, Anne & Antypas, Konstantinos (2022). Capacity development to leverage advances in health informatics for all. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 300, p. 12–18. doi: 10.3233/SHTI220937. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this essay we will discuss capacity development in health informatics research and application, which to us is among the major contributions of Professor John Mantas scholarship. Specifically, driven by the inspiration of his scholarship we will elaborate on advancing new applications areas, additional actors and geographical uptake of health informatics and eHealth solutions over time. We will illustrate capacity development in health informatics and address challenges that systematically foster digital health literacy, engagement and empowerment, and building health informatics capacities regionally, in Europe and globally.

• Maurud, Sigurd; Børøsund, Elin & Moen, Anne (2022). Gender and ethnicity's influence on first-year nursing students' educational motivation and career expectations: A cross-sectional study. Nursing Open. 3, p. 1667–1678. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1191. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim Given the apparent link between gender and ethnicity, and the diversity and career opportunities in nursing, this study examined gender and ethnicity's influence on first-year nursing students' educational motivation and career expectations. Design Cross-sectional. Methods Through bootstrapped linear regressions, we analysed data on 504 Norwegian first-year nursing students' self-reported educational motivation and career expectations, from the StudData survey at the Centre for the Study of Professions (SPS) at Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet). Results The sample consisted of 67 (13%) male and 437 (87%) female nursing students. Female students were more motivated compared to male students by professional interest and to pursue a specialization, less likely to assume leadership positions in the future, and more likely to prioritize family and pursue positions in the traditional nursing field. In total, 425 (84%) respondents stated a Norwegian background. Respondents who stated that both of their parents were born in a country other than Norway made up the 79 (16%) students of immigrant background. Those with immigrant backgrounds were more motivated than other students by income, status and flexible working hours and less likely to pursue a specialization or future employment in the nursing field

• Røynesdal, Øystein; Magnus, Jeanette H. & Moen, Anne (2022). Pedagogical Approaches and Learning Activities, Content, and Resources Used in the Design of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the Health Sciences: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Research Protocols. 11(5). doi: 10.2196/35878. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Developing online, widely accessible educational courses, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), offer novel opportunities to advancing academic research and the educational system in resource-constrained countries. Despite much literature on the use of design-related features and principles of different pedagogical approaches when developing MOOCs, there are reports of inconsistency between the pedagogical approach and the learning activities, content, or resources in MOOCs. Objective: We present a protocol for a scoping review aiming to systematically identify and synthesize literature on the pedagogical approaches used, and the learning activities, content, and resources used to facilitate social interaction and collaboration among postgraduate learners in MOOCs across the health sciences. Methods: We will follow a 6-step procedure for scoping reviews to conduct a search of published and gray literature in the following databases: Medline via Ovid, ERIC, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PsychINFO. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and relevant full texts independently to determine eligibility for inclusion. The team will extract data using a predefined charting form and synthesize results in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Results: The scoping review is currently ongoing. As of March 2022, we have performed initial data searches and screened titles and abstracts of the studies we found but revised the search string owing to inaccurate results. We aim to start analyzing the data in June 2022 and expect to complete the scoping review by February 2023. Conclusions: With the results of this review, we hope to report on the use of pedagogical approaches and what learning activities, content, and resources foster social and collaborative learning processes, and to further elucidate how practitioners and academics can harvest our findings to bridge the gap between pedagogics and learning activities in the instructional design of MOOCs for postgraduate students in the health sciences.

• Moen, Anne; Cramer, Amy & Chronaki, Catherine (2022). Engage the people - health informatics and personal health management. In Delaney, Connie White; Weaver, Charlotte A; Sensmeier, Joyce; Pruinelli, Lisiane & Weber, Patrick (Ed.), Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century – Embracing a Digital World, Realizing Digital Health – Bold Challenges and Opportunities for Nursing. Routledge. ISSN 9780367516895. doi: 10.4324/9781003054849-6. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this chapter, we discuss the opportunities to address the unmet needs among citizens, healthy individuals, patients and their families and/or significant others, using new technology solutions to support everyday health management activities. Patients and their families represent an undervalued resource, and if mobilized, would actively participate through the use of digital services, positively disrupting health care interactions and patterns of care. Future-oriented, elegant tools for citizen engagement, as illustrated in the case studies in this chapter, can help redress the traditional asymmetrical relationships in healthcare, where patients are regarded as mostly passive recipients. Digital health innovation can nurture change by offering novel opportunities to collect, complement and curate information for personal use. Then, data analytics supported by appropriate standards to avoid bias, step in and tailor service portfolios to one’s personal health and wellness needs. Convenience, accessibility and active use of these digital tools generate information allowing for knowledge and wisdom that can guide how best to optimize resource consumption of public and private health services. Trust is paramount to drive adoption. Nurses are perfectly poised to lead this paradigm shift in healthcare, if they take on the tasks of helping people to access and understand the health data generated by their new digital solutions. Nurse informaticists will support the nurses in learning these new skills. Nurses continue to significantly impact patients’ health through multiple avenues including the new role of digital technology mediator and broker.

• Aure, Caroline Farsjø; Kluge, Anders & Moen, Anne (2021). Older Adults’ Engagement in Technology-Mediated Self-Monitoring of Diet: A Mixed-Method Study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. ISSN 1527-6546. 53(1), p. 25–34. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12619. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose This feasibility study explored older adults’ use of a nutrition app called Appetitus (https://apps.apple.com/us/app/appetitt/id1001936854?ign-mpt=uo%3D2; https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=no.nr.appetitt&hl=e) and addressed their engagement in technology-mediated self-monitoring of diet. Undernutrition is a significant challenge among older adults and is associated with poorer health experiences. Digital health for self-monitoring of diet has the potential to increase awareness of personal nutrition, and the scarcity of research reporting older adults’ ability and willingness to engage in technology-mediated dietary self-monitoring warranted this study. Design and Methods An explorative mixed-methods design combining descriptive analysis of log data with qualitative analysis of interviews with Appetitus users was implemented. Findings Twenty-five older adults self-monitored their diet using Appetitus over an 8-week trial period. Eighty percent of the participants used the app regularly in the trial period. The most engaged users recorded their food consumption daily for 8 weeks. Personal interest in nutrition and commitment to the project facilitated regular use of Appetitus. Poor health and the perception that using a nutrition app lacked personal relevance contributed to irregular self-monitoring. For inexperienced technology users, participation in this project became a springboard to using tablet technology and the Internet beyond the Appetitus app. Conclusions The majority of the participants regularly used Appetitus for self-monitoring of diet; they found the tablet technology and Appetitus app easy to use. Clinical Relevance Older adults are able and willing to use self-monitoring tools. Nutrition apps can empower older adults to make better informed decisions about their diet. Patients’ self-monitoring can provide valuable and detailed health-related information to healthcare professionals and mediate patient-centered care practices.

• Gjerde, Ellen; Moen, Anne & Henni, Silje Havrevold (2021). Sykepleieres erfaringer og utfordringer med perifer venekanylering. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 16. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2021.86808. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Innleggelse av perifert venekateter (PVK) er den vanligste kliniske invasive prosedyren sykepleiere rutinemessig utfører i sykehus. Åtti prosent av alle pasienter på sykehus har behov for et PVK. Likevel mislykkes sykepleiere med prosedyren i et av tre tilfeller, særlig når pasienter har vanskelig venevei. Dermed utsettes pasienten for komplikasjoner som smertefulle stikk, hematom og arterie- og nerveskade samt forsinkelse i medisinsk behandling. Sykepleieres kunnskap om PVK-prosedyren er ikke godt nok undersøkt. Hensikt: Å beskrive sykepleieres erfaringer og utfordringer ved PVKinnleggelse. Denne studien vil bidra til å bedre sykepleieres kompetanse, styrke pasientsikkerheten og pasientenes opplevelse i forbindelse med PVKprosedyren. Metode: Vi benyttet et kvalitativt deskriptivt design. Vi utførte to semistrukturerte fokusgruppeintervjuer med totalt ni sykepleiere for å få rede på deres erfaringer og utfordringer ved PVK-innleggelse. Intervjuene ble analysert ved hjelp av tematisk analyse. Resultat: Alle sykepleierne i studien var kjent med PVK-prosedyren og estimerte at de stakk to til tre ganger per uke. Sykepleiernes erfaringer og utfordringer ved PVK-innleggelse ble spesielt knyttet til pasientens vener, egen kompetanse og arbeidsforhold. Alle informantene kom med eksempler på utfordringer, som usynlige eller ikke-palpable vener og samtidighetskonflikter. Samtidighetskonfliktene oppsto når sykepleierne hadde mange arbeidsoppgaver som burde løses samtidig på ulike steder, og når det var vanskelig å prioritere. Sykepleiere med mindre enn fem års arbeidserfaring, og de som manglet mengdetrening, fortalte om større utfordringer med å legge PVK enn erfarne sykepleiere. Konklusjon: Funn i denne studien antyder at uerfarne sykepleiere mener at de har mangelfulle praktiske ferdigheter. Alle fortalte at opplæring og gode muligheter til å øve for å vedlikeholde ferdigheter er fraværende. Det kan derfor gjøres en innsats i sykehus for å øke sykepleieres kompetanse i å utføre venekanylering for å redusere komplikasjoner og ubehag ved mislykkede PVKforsøk hos pasienter. Anestesisykepleiere har nødvendig kompetanse og er ønsket av sykepleiere på sengeposter som ressurspersoner i PVKferdighetsøving.

• Thorshov, Thea Christine; Moen, Anne & Børøsund, Elin (2021). Helsepersonells forventninger til e-konsultasjon - en kvalitativ studie. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2021.86348. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Digitale tjenester har potensial til å erstatte og effektivisere områder av helsetjenesten, redusere helseutfordringene samfunnet står overfor, samt gi pasienten bedre muligheter til å medvirke i egne behandlingsvalg. Stadig flere pasienter får tilbud om digital pasientportal og e-konsultasjon i tillegg til, eller i stedet for, tradisjonelle konsultasjoner på sykehus. Tilbudet i en digital pasientportal varierer, men i hovedsak får pasienter tilgang til egne helseopplysninger og mulighet til å kommunisere asynkront med sine behandlere. Hensikt: Hensikten med studien er å utforske helsepersonells forventninger til å implementere og bruke asynkron, tekstbasert e-konsultasjon i en digital pasientportal ved poliklinisk oppfølging av pasienter med en alvorlig kronisk sykdom. Metode: Studien har et utforskende kvalitativt design, der vi gjennomførte ni semistrukturerte, individuelle intervjuer av helsepersonell som skulle ta i bruk e-konsultasjon. Utvalget besto av sykepleiere (n = 4) og leger (n = 5). Materialet ble analysert med tematisk innholdsanalyse. Resultat: Hovedtemaene som kom frem i analysen, var følgende: Seleksjon av pasienter, Faglig forsvarlig helsehjelp og Reorganisering av praksis. Informantene mente at pasienter som får tilbud om oppfølging via e-konsultasjon, må selekteres. Pasientene må oppfylle visse kriterier, spesielt ha tilstrekkelige norskkunnskaper, digitale ferdigheter og høy grad av helsekompetanse og - informasjonsforståelse. Informantene var bekymret for hvorvidt tekstbasert ekonsultasjon ivaretar krav om faglig forsvarlighet, ettersom muligheten til å observere og gjøre kliniske undersøkelser reduseres. Selv om e-konsultasjon kan være egnet til å effektivisere det daglige arbeidet, forventet informantene at en innføring vil endre rutiner og kreve en reorganisering av praksis. Konklusjon: Helsepersonell er opptatt av hvorvidt e-konsultasjon sikrer faglig forsvarlig helsehjelp, samtidig som de forventer at den kan endre praksis og organiseringen av helsetjenesten. Det bør derfor være en viktig prioritet fremover å lytte til helsepersonell både når digitale tjenester implementeres, brukes og utvikles videre, for å sikre at det ytes faglig forsvarlig helsehjelp.

• Pettersen, Mona Skjeklesæther; Moen, Anne; Børøsund, Elin & Wilberg, Theresa (2021). Therapists’ experiences with mentalization-based treatment for avoidant personality disorder. European Journal for Qualitative Research in Psychotherapy (EJQRP). 11, p. 143–159. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Recent research points to significant mentalizing difficulties in individuals with avoidant personality disorder (AvPD). A mentalization-based approach in psychotherapy with avoidant patients is emerging. The aim of this study is to contribute to an understanding of the therapeutic issues such work might entail with our research questions being: a) What are therapists’ experiences of using mentalization-based treatment (MBT) to treat patients with an AvPD diagnosis? and b) What do therapists perceive as therapeutic challenges when conducting MBT with avoidant patients? Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with six therapists from a MBT team treating patients with AvPD. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two main themes emerged. The first ‘Scarcity of explicit personal narratives’ encompasses ‘Engaging the withdrawn patient’ and ‘Capitalizing on the treatment structure’. The second main theme – ‘On being a patient’ - incorporates ‘Stimulating but emotionally challenging work’ and ‘Making use of experience with other therapeutic approaches’. Participants’ responses about their experience suggests that MBT targets much of the AvPD core pathology. The use of some techniques, however, warrants active consideration, and there may be a need to adjust MBT treatment for use with AvPD patients. Our study reveals more nuances in therapists’ emotional reactions than earlier reported. Future studies should investigate the effect of MBT on AvPD patients and examine treatment processes and interventions that may facilitate change.

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• Antypas, Konstantinos; Melby, Line; Steinsbekk, Aslak Irgens; Nøst, Torunn Hatlen & Moen, Anne (2024). Digital health: from pilotitis to pilotanic. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Abstract. This panel will address the research challenges of implementing large-scale health information systems in the digital health research domain. Although this can be a move from the “pilotitis” situation recognized by implementing small-scale pilots that fail to scale up, it raises other challenges. Some of these challenges, such as fragmentation, limited stakeholder involvement, and lack of learning and direction, can be covered by the self-developed new term "pilotanic". Pilotanic is introduced to encapsulate the phenomenon where ambitious health information initiatives, intended to overcome pilotitis and make large steps to improve healthcare delivery, encounter significant barriers or fail outright. Drawing upon insights from practitioners, researchers, and policymakers, this panel aims to dissect the root causes of failure of large-scale health information systems and explore strategies for overcoming it. By shifting the focus from small-scale pilots to sustainable, scalable solutions, panelists will engage in lively discussions and collaborative problem-solving to avoid pilotanic and advance the field of digital health research.

• Henni, Silje Havrevold & Moen, Anne (2024). BEAMER: A Data Informed Model to Improve Adherence Behaviour. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. ISSN 0926-9630. 315, p. 602–603. doi: 10.3233/SHTI240236. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective: In this poster, we will present the BEAMER model, an emerging disease-agnostic model to improve adherence behaviour based on actionable factors and promote optimal health outcomes for all. Methods: Data on behavioural and structural factors affecting adherence to treatment have been collected from several sources and are being used to build the BEAMER model, where we aim to apply Machine Learning Modelling to forecast and diversify support towards more adherent behaviour. Results: The BEAMER model can assist healthcare providers in eliciting patient needs to adopt targeted actions to support patients in improving their adherence. The collected data indicate that BEAMER must conform to standardised approaches to patient adherence to treatment. Conclusion: We anticipate that the BEAMER model will contribute to provide personalised patient support to drive adherence behaviour.

• Bakken, Suzanne; Cato, Kenderick; Moen, Anne & Chronaki, Catherine (2024). Mitigating Epistemic Injustice through Health Informatics and Data Science Innovations: A Global Perspective. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Hurlen, Petter; Almeida, João; Villadsen, Jens Kristian; Leoni, Riccardo & Moen, Anne (2024). Support for patient self-management and digital health literacy with more relevant health information. Full text in Research Archive
• Bakken, Suzanne; Arcia, Adriana; Cato, Kenderick; Moen, Anne & Stonbraker, Kimberly (2024). Mitigating Epistemic Injustice through Health Informatics and Data Science Innovations. Full text in Research Archive
• Alexander, Gregory Lynn; Moen, Anne; Dykes, Patricia; Saranto, Kaija; Powell, Kimberly R & Courtney, Karen L (2024). Navigating Digital Frontiers: Informatics Research in Care of Older Adults. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne; Zhu, Xinxin; Chronaki, Catherine; Hseuh, Sabrina; Petelos, Elena & Serrousi, Brigitte (2024). Women’s Health Gap in the Real World: Informatics-driven strategies, innovations, and best practices to improve health equity. Full text in Research Archive
• Lunde, Lene; Maurud, Sigurd; Bønes, Erlend; Connolly, Leona; McCabe, Catherine & Moen, Anne (2024). Support for patient self-management and digital health literacy with more relevant health information. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne; Chronaki, Catherine; Mantas, John & Martins, Henrique M. G. (2024). Research “on the Format” –on the European EHR Exchange Format. Full text in Research Archive
• Philips, Natasa; Murphy, Judy; Studwick, Gillian; Moen, Anne & Gogler, Janette (2024). ICN Digital Nursing Position Statement: Strategy Into Action. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). 100 Sustainable healthcare calls for digital support to personal health information management. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Gravitate-Health Accelerate Health care transformation. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne; Evinn, Dreysus; Neuwelaerts, Koen; Stichele, Robert Vander; Dalleur, Olivia & Evans, James (2024). “Digital First” Transition for Medical Product Information in Hospitals . Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Gravitate Health ePI Project: Progress and Achievements . Full text in Research Archive
• Matsui, Rie; Ferrari, Giovanna; Scanlan, Elizabeth; Rabi, Mohd.; Chi, Chung & Moen, Anne (2024). ePI is on FHIR around the globe. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Gravitate-Health, ePI – ISO IDMP – opportunities for progress. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Community of Doers, (eP-eD) + ePI. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Personal Health Data Spaces – health informatics opportunities under EHDS primary use priorities. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Gravitate-Health – example of Patient Centered Care support. Full text in Research Archive
• Hseuh, Sabrina; Moen, Anne; Zhu, Xinxin; Boren, Suzanne A; Dykes, Patricia C. & Ball, Marion (2024). Bridging Women’s Health Gap in the Real World: Informatics-driven strategies, innovations, and best practices to improve health equity. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Gravitate-Health prosjektet. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Digital support for personal health information management – Gravitate-Health as an example. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne; Almeida, João & Chronaki, Catherine (2024). Gravitate-Health, Vulcan and HL7 FHIR ePI: Leveraging global standards and AI. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2024). Digitale Innbyggertjenester ..muligheter og utfordringer for sykepleiere.. Full text in Research Archive
• Neuwelaerts, Koen; Scanlan, Elizabeth & Moen, Anne (2024). Multistakeholder perspective – piloting Electronic Product Information (ePI). Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate – Health: ePI on FHIR in EU and beyond. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne & Chronaki, Catherine (2023). HL7 FHIR for Medicinal Product Information -- aims to increase treatment understanding and adherence globally, Workshop, , 11.07.2023. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Tackling Interoperability to Support Clinical Research; the Vulcan Approach, Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate-Health and Quality Care – Patient Safety. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Patients Online Record Access in the Context of the European Health Data Space. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate-Health, Empowering and Equipping Europeans with Health Information for Active, Personal Health Management and Adherence to Treatment, specific focus on Interoperability Resources, Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne; Ferrari, Giovanna; Chronaki, Catherine; Duman, Mark & Jordbru, Dag (2023). Gravitate-Health: Unlocking the Value of The Electronic Product Information (ePI) and more for Patients in EU and Beyond. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Digital4Quality-S.M.A.R.T. Patients and quality digital services, Porto 06.09.23. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate-Health and Nordic Medicinal Product Information compendia, Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate-Health; ePI in the context of ePrescription/eDispensation, Vision – Next Steps. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). CAPABLE/Gravitate-Health. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate-Health and Epistemic Injustice, ACMI Collen Award Panel Presentation: Informatics Approaches to Address Epistemic Injustice for Healthcare Consumers, Honoring Suzanne Bakken, Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). CAPABLE: empower citizens by facilitating active use of personal health information, Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate-Health, Empowering and Equipping Europeans with Health Information for Active, Personal Health Management and Adherence to Treatment. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Nursing Informatics. European perspectives, Keynote. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). In-equality in Health informatics. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). OneAquaHealth – One Digital Health – Citizen Participation and engagement, Workhop, MIE’2023, Gøteborg 23.05.2023. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Empowering and Equipping Europeans with Health Information for Active, Personal Health Management and Adherence to Treatment. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Gravitate-Health - Addressing systemic / institutional justice personal and public health perspectives. theme “Empowering Patients Through Digital Health Information for Public Health in Africa”. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Innbyggerinvolvering og Etikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Research Integrity and Public-Private Partnership: Experiences in Gravitate-Health. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Informatics Tools and Strategies to Promote Inclusive Design and Patient Engagement. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2023). Digital citizen services, digital health literacy and more relevant health information to drive patient engagement. Full text in Research Archive
• Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Heyn, Lena; Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Brembo, Espen Andreas; Byermoen, Kirsten Røland & Moen, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Change in nursing students'confidence & competence with the use of a Suite of mLearning Tools. Full text in Research Archive
• Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Heyn, Lena; Falk, Ragnhild Sørum; Brembo, Espen Andreas; Byermoen, Kirsten Røland & Moen, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Change in nursing students' confidence and competence with the use of a Suite of mLearning Tools. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne; Ferrari, Giovanna; Michalov, Lubos; Burgos, Juan Garcia & Chronaki, Catherine (2022). Gravitate-Health: putting ePI (electronic Product Information) to work in the patient journey to drive better use of medicines. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2022). Citizens’ eHealth tools for safer use of medicines, better health outcomes & quality of life. Sustainability and resilience; Securing the future of health systems, Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne (2022). Personal Health Data Space. Full text in Research Archive
• Moen, Anne; Chronaki, Catherine; Martins, Henrique M. G. & Ferrari, Giovanna (2022). People Centric Model to Harness User Value. Reflection on Personal Data Spaces in Transformation of Health and Care. HealthManagement. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjorth-Johansen, Elin; Holmstrøm, Henrik; Børøsund, Elin; Moen, Anne; Eger, Siw Helen Westby & Wik, Gunnar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). A mobile application to support parents of infants with severe cardiac disease. Full text in Research Archive
• Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Brembo, Espen Andreas; Eide, Tom; Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Heyn, Lena & Moen, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Newly graduated nurses use and development of assessment skills: an in-depth qualitative study. Full text in Research Archive
• Steindal, Simen Alexander; Heggdal, Kristin; Oelschlägel, Lina; Christensen, Vivi Lycke; Moen, Anne & Dihle, Alfhild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Palliative cancer patients` experiences of telehealth in home-based care: Challenges in the recruitment of vulnerable patients. Full text in Research Archive
• Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Heyn, Lena; Brembo, Espen Andreas; Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Moen, Anne & Eide, Hilde (2021). Erfaringer fra digital sykepleiepraksis under COVID-19 pandemien: Convergent Mixed-methode studie. Full text in Research Archive
• Byermoen, Kirsten Røland; Eide, Tom; Egilsdottir, H. Ösp; Eide, Hilde; Heyn, Lena & Moen, Anne [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Sykepleierstudenters bruk av systematisk klinisk undersøkelse og vurdering i praksis- en "Stimulated Recall" studie. Full text in Research Archive

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