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Eick, Frode; Vallersnes, Odd Martin; Fjeld, Heidi; Sørbye, Ingvil Krarup; Valberg, Morten & Dahl, Cecilie
(2023).
Perinatal mortality among pregnant undocumented migrants in Norway 1999-2020: a register-based population study.
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Eick, Frode; Vallersnes, Odd Martin; Fjeld, Heidi; Sørbye, Ingvil; Ruud, Sven Eirik & Dahl, Cecilie
(2023).
Use of emergency health care services by pregnant undocumented migrants over a ten-year period in Oslo, Norway.
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Eick, Frode; Vallersnes, Odd Martin; Fjeld, Heidi; Sørbye, Ingvil; Ruud, Sven Eirik & Dahl, Cecilie
(2022).
Use of an emergency primary clinic in Oslo by pregnant undocumented migrants compared to pregnant residents of Norway.
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Eick, Frode; Vallersnes, Odd Martin; Fjeld, Heidi; Sørbye, Ingvil; Ruud, Sven Eirik & Dahl, Cecilie
(2022).
Utilization of an emergency primary care clinic in Oslo by pregnant undocumented migrants compared to pregnant residents of Norway.
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Eick, Frode; Vallersnes, Odd Martin; Fjeld, Heidi; Sørbye, Ingvil; Storkås, Guro & Ekrem, Marthe
[Show all 11 contributors for this article]
(2022).
Use of non-governmental maternity services and pregnancy outcomes among undocumented women: a cohort study from Norway.
Show summary
In 2011, Norway granted pregnant undocumented women the right to antenatal care and to give birth at a hospital, but did not include them in the general practitioner and reimbursement schemes. In addition, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) have been running health clinics for undocumented migrants. There is a need to investigate how pregnant undocumented women use NGO clinics and how this affects their maternal health. We therefore investigated the care received, occurrence of pregnancy-related complications and maternal and perinatal outcomes in women receiving care at these clinics.
In this historic cohort study we included pregnant women aged 18-49 who attended urban NGO clinics between 2009-2020 and retrieved their medical records from the hospitals in the uptake area. We compared women based on region of origin using log-binominal regression to estimate relative risk of adverse outcomes.
We identified 582 pregnancies in 500 women during the study period. About half (46.5%) the women sought antenatal care after the first trimester. The women had median 1 (IQR 1-3) antenatal visit at the NGO clinics which referred 77.7% of the women to public health care. In 205 retrieved deliveries, there was a 45.9% risk for any adverse outcome. The overall risk of stillbirth was 1.0%, pre-term birth 10.3%, and emergency caesarean section 19.3%.
Pregnant undocumented women who use NGO clinics receive substandard antenatal care and have a high risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study suggests that increased attention should be given to ensure the accessibility of adequate antenatal care to undocumented women.
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Eick, Frode; Vallersnes, Odd Martin; Sørbye, Ingvil; Ebbing, Cathrine; Storkås, Guro & Ekrem, Marthe
[Show all 11 contributors for this article]
(2022).
Pregnant undocumented women’s use of two humanitarian clinics between 2009-2020 and their maternal outcomes in Norway: A cohort study.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2015).
The Rise of the Polyandrous House: Reforms and Relatedness in a Central Tibetan Village.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2015).
Performing the dirty work: the organisation of labour among menrig in Lhasa and rural Tsang.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2015).
Gender models and gender practices: Representation of women in the early 20th century Tibetan medical history
.
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Lindskog, Benedikte V & Fjeld, Heidi E
(2015).
Ontological separation in a state of continuity:
Exploring Tibetan and Mongolian domestic space,
From Bhakti to Bon. Festschrift for Per Kværne..
The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture.
ISSN 978-82-7099-817-3.
p. 209–225.
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Sagli, Gry; Wang, Wei; Ingstad, Benedicte; Fjeld, Heidi E & Zhang, JInming
(2014).
西方学者眼中的中国新农合 (The
New Rural Health Insurance in China from the Perspective of Western Scholars).
中国残疾人 (Zhongguo canjiren) Disability in China.
p. 64–66.
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Lindskog, Benedikte V & Fjeld, Heidi E
(2013).
The principle of separation: Socio-ritual houses in Tibet and Mongolia.
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Sagli, Gry; Wang, Wei; Ingstad, Benedicte; Fjeld, Heidi E & Zhang, Jingming
(2013).
西方学者眼中的中国贫困与残疾人家庭 -记中國农村新医疗保险之实现
(The relation between Poverty and Disabled Households in China from the Viewpoint of Western Scholars – Notes on the Implementation of the New Medical Insurance in Rural China)
.
有人 (You Ren Magazine).
1(4),
p. 48–50.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2012).
Commercialization of reproduction: The case of transnational surrogacy.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2012).
Sustaining life for others: Surrogate mothers in India.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2012).
Poor or Disabled? Negotiating status in rural Qinghai,China.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2012).
Polyandry in contemporary Tibet: The inherent flexibility of marriage in shifting socio-political contexts.
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Fjeld, Heidi E & Hofer, Theresia
(2011).
Women, gender and Tibetan medicine.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2011).
From nationality to ethnicity: changing minzu policies in People’s Republic of China.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2011).
Gifts and returns: Adoption and inter-house relations in Central Tibet.
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Fjeld, Heidi E & Sagli, Gry
(2011).
Poverty, disability and access to health care: a qualitative study from rural China.
-
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2010).
Polyandry and the House: creations of relatedness in post-1980 rural Tsang.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2010).
Aspects of the body: disability and cultural differences.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2009).
Struggling to conceive: dealing with infertility in Lhasa.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2009).
Fra vitenskap til New Age? Religiøse endringsprosesser innen tibetansk medisin.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2007).
Flermanneri blomstrer på landsbygda i Tibet.
[Newspaper].
NTB, Aftenposten Aften, Nrk nett.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2005).
Domestic conflicts and Social order: Dealing with divorce in post-Mao rural Tibet.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2004).
Ekteskapsmønstre og Konfliktlinjer: Ko-partneskap i polyandriske ekteskap i rurale Tibet.
Show summary
Innlegget omhandler polyandriske ekteskap i Panam, i det sørlige sentral Tibet, og fokuserer på konfliktlinjer innad i disse ekteskapene, med særlig vekt på ko-ektemennsrelasjoner. For å minimere konflikt og i siste instans hindre oppdeling, arrangeres de aller fleste polyandriske ekteskap i Tibet som fraternale unioner, dvs. at ko-ektemennene er brødre. Brødre ses som substansielt like, og det forventes solidaritet og enhet i slike relasjoner. Samtidig anses ko-ektemennsrelasjonen som en krevende relasjon med stort konfliktpotensial, og forutsetter alle partnernes aksept av et aldershierarki for organisering av rettigheter og plikter i ekteskapet.
I tidligere studier vektlegges i stor grad materielle aspekter i forklaringer av forekomsten av polyandri. En underliggende, men ikke diskutert, antakelse i disse analysene er utbredt seksuell sjalusi mellom ko-ektemennene. Dette innlegget fokuserer på konflikter mellom ko-ektemenn og foreslår alder som et sentralt tema for en analyse av disse, både i tilknytning til rekruttering til polyandriske ekteskap (hvem i en brødregruppe inkluderes i ekteskapet) samt til relasjonen mellom hustruen og yngste ektemann. Den sentripetale effekten av polyandri poengteres, og både frykt og aksept for konflikter, og betydningen av alder i den sammenheng, fremheves som et nyttig inntak til fortolkningen av polyandri og ko-ektemennsrelasjoner i Tibet.
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Sommerfelt, Tone & Fjeld, Heidi E
(2004).
Former for sosial forankring (arbeidsgruppe).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2004).
Fra hushold til Hus: om betydningen av jord i analysen av polyandri i Tibet.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2003).
Polyandri i Tibet.
[Radio].
Nrk P2, Verdt og vite.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2003).
Modernisation and the revitalisation of tradition in rural Tibet.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2003).
Changing perceptions of hereditary rank - rigs btsog pa in rural Tsang.
Show summary
This paper deals with hereditary social status in present day Tibet, and in particular the lower ranked groups of people defined and termed as �rigs btsog pa� (polluted/ unclean lineage). The research is based on fieldwork conducted in several villages in Panam (Pa snam) county, Shigatse prefecture, in 2002. Some of the villages in Panam are known for their strong presence of rigs btsog pa families, and these places provide an opportunity for a study of Tibetan concepts of family lineages, pollution and social hierarchies in general.
Hereditary social status, and the classification of certain families as low and �dirty�, is found significant in most of the Tibetan ethnographic region. However, the extent to which these conceptions determine social interaction varies greatly. In Panam, the polluted groups include butchers (bshas ba), blacksmiths (lcags bzo ba), burial workers (barul), and beggars (bslongs mkhan), who are ranked in this order.
Since the 1950s, radical structural changes in Tibet influenced the work possibilities of the lower ranked groups. After the land reforms in 1980/81, the rigs btsog pa (who were traditionally skill workers), as the rest of the population in the farming areas of TAR, received land to cultivate. This alternation of relation to land have led to a change of work for most of the rigs btsog pa families, although in varying degree. Their new position as farmers have, however, not led to significant changes in their social position. It is my intention to analyse the discrepancies between the vast structural changes and the, to a large extent, remaining low position of the rigs btsog pa, as well as to present some findings on inter-rig relations in rural Tibet.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2002).
Knowledge, Body and Value A study of hereditary social division in rural Central -Tibet.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2002).
Antropologi og språk.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2001).
Utvikling eller utnytting? Åpningen av Kinas vestre regioner.
Verdens tak : organ for den Norske Tibetkomitë.
ISSN 0804-4015.
12(2).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2001).
Kunnskap, Kropp og Personkonstruksjon i Tibet.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2000).
En flukt for Tibet.
Dagbladet.
ISSN 0805-3766.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2000).
Befolkningspolitikk i Kina og Tibet.
Verdens tak : organ for den Norske Tibetkomitë.
ISSN 0804-4015.
11(1).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2000).
Commoners and Nobles: The Persistence of Hereditary Social Divisions in Lhasa under Communist Rule.
Show summary
The question I pose in the thesis is: How and why are the social categories of pre-Communist Lhasa persistent and made relevant in the daily life despite five decades of Chinese rule and the comprehensive socio-economic restructuring of Tibetan society? I suggest a focus on family background (rig / kyesa) as an organizing principle of pre-Communist Tibetan societies, and in particular the high rank of the former lay elite -� the noble families (kudrak). On another level, the study deals with how Tibetans manage and manoeuvre within the two contradicting value systems (�Chinese� and �Tibetan�) present in Lhasa today, and how the family background is related to this context.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1999).
Prisoners of Shangri-la. Tibetan Buddhism and the West (Lopez).
Journal of Peace Research.
ISSN 0022-3433.
36(3),
p. 378–379.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1999).
Education in Tibet. Policy and Practice Since 1950 (Bass).
Journal of Peace Research.
ISSN 0022-3433.
36(6).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1999).
The Dragon in the Land of Snows. A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 (Shakya).
Journal of Peace Research.
ISSN 0022-3433.
36(6).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1999).
Språkkamp i Tibet.
Motmæle.
ISSN 0809-2109.
15(2).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1997).
Arne Næss: en militant ikke-volds Gandhist.
Verdens tak : organ for den Norske Tibetkomitë.
ISSN 0804-4015.
8(2).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1997).
Skolesystemet i Lhasa: utfordringer i dagens Tibet.
Verdens tak : organ for den Norske Tibetkomitë.
ISSN 0804-4015.
8(1).
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(2007).
The Rise of the Polyandous House: Marriage, Kinship and Social Mobility in Rural Tsang, Tibet.
Unipub forlag.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1999).
Commoners and Nobles: The persistence of hereditary social divisions in Lhasa under communist rule.
Sosialantropologisk institutt.
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Fjeld, Heidi E
(1998).
Representing the Past: Some Perspectives on Change and Continuity in the Former Tibetan Nobility in Lhasa.
Aarhus Universitetsforlag.