PriSUD - Diagnosing and treating substance use disorders among people serving time in prison or in the community

• Borschmann, Rohan; Keen, Claire; Spittal, Mathew J.; Preen, David; Pirkis, Jane & Larney, Sarah [Show all 52 contributors for this article] (2024). Rates and causes of death after release from incarceration among 1 471 526 people in eight high-income and middle-income countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00344-1.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2023). “Like the first time, all over again”: sex, relationships, and risk for relapse to substance use after release from prison. Drugs: education prevention and policy. ISSN 0968-7637. doi: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2226811. Full text in Research Archive
• Bukten, Anne; Skjærvø, Ingeborg & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2023). Exploring mental health comorbidities and opioid agonist treatment coverage among people in prison: A national cohort study 2010–2019. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. ISSN 0376-8716. 250. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110896. Full text in Research Archive
• Jamt, Ragnhild Elén Gjulem; Bukten, Anne; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Bogstrand, Stig Tore & Tverborgvik, Torill (2023). All-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals imprisoned for driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs in Norway (2000–2016): a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 13(12). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078848. Full text in Research Archive
• Tverborgvik, Torill; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2023). The association between drug use and mortality in a norwegian prison cohort: a prospective cohort study. Health & Justice. ISSN 2194-7899. 11. doi: 10.1186/s40352-023-00223-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Bukten, Anne (2023). Psychiatric morbidity among women in Norwegian prisons, 2010-2019: a register-based study. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04886-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Hyatt, Jordan M.; Lobmaier, Philipp Paul; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2023). Leaving Their Drugs at the Gate? Exploring Changes in Drug Use From Before to During Incarceration in Norway. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology. ISSN 0306-624X. doi: 10.1177/0306624X231168596.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2022). Operating between recovery and desistance: Researching substance use treatment in Norwegian prisons. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. ISSN 0029-1528. 109(1), p. 112–119. doi: 10.7146/ntfk.v109i1.130295. Full text in Research Archive
• Bukten, Anne; Skjærvø, Ingeborg & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2022). The association of prison security level with mortality after release from prison: a retrospective national cohort study (2000–16). The Lancet Public Health. ISSN 2468-2667. 7(7), p. 583–592. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00107-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Lokdam, Nicoline; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2022). Drug use and re-imprisonment: A prospective study of the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) cohort. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports. ISSN 2772-7246. 5. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100127.
• Pape, Hilde Elisabeth; Lobmaier, Philipp Paul & Bukten, Anne (2022). An evaluation of eight short versions of the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT). A prison population study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports. ISSN 2772-7246. 3. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100043.
• Pape, Hilde Elisabeth; Rossow, Ingeborg Margrete & Bukten, Anne (2021). Are short AUDIT screeners effective in identifying unhealthy drinking of varying severity? A prison population study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. ISSN 0376-8716. 229(Part B), p. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109153. Full text in Research Archive
• Lokdam, Nicoline; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2021). Exploring the external validity of survey data with triangulation: A case study from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) Study. Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences. ISSN 2632-0843. 2(5), p. 140–147. doi: 10.1177/26320843211061298.
• Lindstad, Marianne; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Bukten, Anne (2021). Too much or too little medication? A national study of prescribed psychotropic drugs among inmates in Norwegian prisons. Norsk Epidemiologi. ISSN 0803-2491. 29(1-2), p. 85–95. doi: 10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4049. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Legemiddelbruk i den norske befolkningen er økende. Kunnskap om omfang, hvem brukerne er og bruksmønster er en forutsetning for optimalisering av legemiddelbruk i alle grupper av befolkningen. Samtidig finnes det ingen oppdaterte studier som viser bruk av forskrevne legemidler blant innsatte i Norge. Hensikten med denne studien er derfor å beskrive bruk av forskrevne psykofarmaka blant innsatte i fengsel før og under soning, samt undersøke hvilke faktorer som er assosiert med legemiddelbruk.Material og metode: Datamaterialet er fra «The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study», NorMA-studien, som ble gjennomført i perioden 2013-2014 ved 57 fengselsenheter i Norge. Totalt svarte 1495 innsatte (96 kvinner) på spørreskjema. Vi undersøkte selvrapportert bruk av psykofarmaka knyttet til sovemedisin,beroligendelegemidler,antidepressiva,LAR-legemidler,smertestillendelegemidlerogADHD-legemidler.Vibruktelogistiskeregresjonerforåundersøkesammenhenger mellom ulike bakgrunnsfaktorer og bruk av ulike legemidler under soning.Resultater: Sovemedisin varmest brukt, både før og under soning. Tjue prosent av innsatte brukte sove-medisin daglig under soning. Innsatte brukte mer psykofarmaka enn den generelle befolkningen, med unntak av smertestillende legemidler. Under soning var bruk av de fleste undersøkte psykofarmaka assosiert med betydelige psykiske plager, skadelig rusbruk, å motta økonomiske sosiale ytelser samt å ha hatt en oppvekst preget av rus og psykiske problemer.Konklusjon:Våre funn viser at innsattes psykiske helse og russituasjon bør ha høyprioritet under soning. Det er forventet at innsatte bruker mer forskrevne psykofarmaka enn den generelle befolkningen. At den generelle befolkningen bruker mer smertestillende enn innsatte, bør derfor undersøkes nærmere.

• Bukten, Anne & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2021). Suicide in prison and after release: a 17-year national cohort study. European Journal of Epidemiology (EJE). ISSN 0393-2990. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s10654-021-00782-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Pape, Hilde Elisabeth; Rossow, Ingeborg Margrete & Bukten, Anne (2020). Alcohol problems among prisoners: subgroup variations, concurrent drug problems, and treatment needs. European Addiction Research. ISSN 1022-6877. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1159/000511253. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background/Aims: Alcohol problems in the prison population are understudied, underdetected, and undertreated. Our aims were to identify subgroups of inmates whose pre-prison drinking behavior indicated a high need for alcohol-related interventions, to assess the prevalence of concurrent alcohol and drug problems, and to compare dual-dependent inmates and those who were alcohol-dependent alone with respect to the severity of their drinking problems. Methods: Data stemmed from the nationwide Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) study. Both male (n = 1,356) and female (n = 90) inmates took part in the study, representing about 40% of the prison population in Norway at the time of the data collection (2013–2014). Pre-prison substance use problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT). Results: A majority (55%) had an AUDIT positive screen (score ≥8), which is indicative of alcohol problems of some severity, and 18% were possible alcohol-dependent (score ≥20). A positive screen was associated with younger age, lower education, violent offending, driving while intoxicated (DWI), and previous criminal convictions. Two-thirds (68%) of those who screened positive on the AUDIT had also a DUDIT positive screen (score ≥6), and a similar overlap between possible alcohol dependence and possible drug dependence (score ≥25) was observed. Inmates with possible dual dependence (12% of all) had higher mean scores on the AUDIT than those with possible alcohol dependence only (7% of all). Conclusions: More than half of the prisoners in Norway had AUDIT scores that indicated they could benefit from alcohol-related interventions, and the prevalence was elevated in younger, less educated groups of previously convicted DWI, and violent offenders. Alcohol problems were most often combined with drug problems, and possible dual dependence was associated with particularly severe drinking problems.

• Borschmann, Rohan; Tibble, H; Spittal, MJ; Preen, David; Pirkis, Jane & Larney, Sarah [Show all 50 contributors for this article] (2020). The Mortality After Release from Incarceration Consortium (MARIC): Protocol for a multi-national, individual participant data meta-analysis. International Journal of Data Science (IJDS). ISSN 2053-0811. doi: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1145. Full text in Research Archive
• Bukten, Anne; Lund, Ingunn Olea; Kinner, Stuart A.; Rognli, Eline Borger; Havnes, Ingrid Amalia & Muller, Ashley Elizabeth [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Factors associated with drug use in prison – results from the Norwegian offender mental health and addiction (NorMA) study. Health & Justice. ISSN 2194-7899. 8. doi: 10.1186/s40352-020-00112-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Havnes, Ingrid Amalia; Bukten, Anne; Rognli, Eline Borger & Muller, Ashley Elizabeth (2020). Use of anabolic-androgenic steroids and other substances prior to and during imprisonment - Results from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. ISSN 0376-8716. 217. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108255. Full text in Research Archive
• Muller, Ashley Elizabeth & Bukten, Anne (2019). Measuring the quality of life of incarcerated individuals. International Journal of Prisoner Health. ISSN 1744-9200. 15(1), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1108/IJPH-02-2018-0005. Show summary

  Purpose Measuring quality of life (QoL) under incarceration can be used to track successful rehabilitation and risk of re-offending. However, few studies have measured QoL among general incarcerated populations, and it is important to use psychometrically strong measures that pose minimal burdens to respondents and administrators. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The aim of this analysis was to explore the utility of a short generic tool measuring overall QoL, the QOL5, in an incarcerated population. The authors drew data from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study, a cross-sectional survey of 1,499 individuals from Norwegian prisons. Findings Factor analysis suggested a unidimensional structure that explained 53.2 percent of variance in QoL scores. Intrascale correlations were high and internal consistency was acceptable (α=0.764). The QOL5 was strongly correlated with mental health, moderately correlated with exercise frequency and weakly correlated with ward security. Practical implications The QOL5 is a short measure that presents minimal burden to respondents and administrators. The authors recommend its further use in incarcerated populations to measure overall QoL as well as cross-cultural adaptation and validation in more languages. Originality/value In this analysis of the largest published sample to date of incarcerated individuals and their QoL, the QOL5 appears to be an acceptable and valid measure of overall QoL.

• Muller, Ashley Elizabeth; Havnes, Ingrid Amalia; Rognli, Eline Borger & Bukten, Anne (2018). Inmates with harmful substance use increase both exercise and nicotine use under incarceration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 15(12). doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122663. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Exercise is increasingly understood as an important resource for people who engage in harmful substance use, including those in prison. Little is known about how inmates adopt various health behaviors during incarceration, without interventions. This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reports from 1464 inmates in Norwegian prisons in 2013⁻2014, compared them according to harmful substance use pre-incarceration, and explored changes in exercise and nicotine use during incarceration. Results were presented in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Inmates with harmful substance use reported higher rates of smoking, smokeless tobacco, and physical inactivity pre-incarceration than inmates without harmful use. However, inmates with harmful use also exhibited more behavioral changes: they adopted exercise, ceased smoking, and adopted smokeless tobacco at higher rates during incarceration than the non-harmful group, to the extent that inmates with harmful use exercised during incarceration more. Exercise is being taken up by a significant proportion of inmates, and may in particular be a replacement behavior for substance use. However, unhealthy behaviors also begin or are maintained. If prisons were used as an arena to facilitate healthy behaviors, the public health benefits to a marginalized group such as substance-using inmates could be substantial.

• Bukten, Anne; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Tverdal, Aage; Strang, John & Clausen, Thomas (2017). High risk of overdose death following release from prison: variations in mortality during a 15-year observation period. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140. 112(8), p. 1432–1439. doi: 10.1111/add.13803. Full text in Research Archive
• Rognli, Eline Borger; Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Skurtveit, Svetlana & Bukten, Anne (2017). Substance use and sociodemographic background as risk factors for lifetime psychotic experiences in a non-clinical sample. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. ISSN 0740-5472. 74, p. 42–47. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.12.007.
• Bukten, Anne; Lund, Ingunn Olea; Rognli, Eline Borger; Riksheim, Marianne; Lobmaier, Philipp Paul & Skurtveit, Svetlana [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2015). The Norwegian offender mental health and addiction study – Design and implementation of a national survey and prospective cohort study. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment. ISSN 1178-2218. 9, p. 59–66. doi: 10.4137/SART.S23546. Full text in Research Archive

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• Toresen Lokdam, Nicoline & Bukten, Anne (2024). Nytt forskningsprosjekt på isolasjon – Utvikling, risikofaktorer og konsekvenser . Show summary

  Presentasjon av forskningsprosjektet på isolasjon.

• Toresen Lokdam, Nicoline; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2024). Substance Use Disorder in Norwegian prisons.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth & Lokdam, Nicoline Toresen (2024). Substance use disorder treatment in prisons.
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2023). Levekår, rus og psykisk helse - samarbeid med Nettverk etter soning.
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2023). Presentasjon av spørreskjemaundersøkelse: Levekår, rus og psykisk helse.
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2023). Spørreskjemaundersøkelsen "Levekår, rus og psykisk helse".
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2023). "Like the first time, all over again" sex, relasjoner og tilbakefall til rus.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2023). Motivation and sacrifice: who is the "ideal candidate" for drug treatment in prison?
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2023). Drug treatment in “healthy” prisons: implications for re-entry and desistance.
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2023). Forebygging av dødsfall etter løslatelse fra fengsel. [Internet]. Erfaringskompetanse.no.
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2023). Individuals with intellectual disability or autism in Norwegian prisons, 2000-2019 .
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2023). LAR bak murene: opplevelser av behandling under soning.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2023). Rusbehandling i fengsel: tiltak under soning og implikasjoner for livet etter løslatelse.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2023). "Like the first time, all over again": sex, relasjoner og tilbakefall til rus.
• Tverborgvik, Torill; Jordan, Amalie; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2023). Rus- og psykisk helse blant eldre fyrstegongssonarar.
• Bukten, Anne & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2023). Helseavdelingen Oslo fengsel. Om PriSUD prosjektet .
• Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skjærvø, Ingeborg; Tverborgvik, Torill & Bukten, Anne (2023). Forekomst av ruslidelser, komorbiditet og andre psykiske lidelser blant personer med soningserfaring .
• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Bukten, Anne (2023). Mortality in women released from Norwegian prisons: A 20-year National Cohort Study.
• Bukten, Anne & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2023). Er fengselspopulasjonen i endring? Rus og psykisk helse blant personer i norske fengsler.
• Bukten, Anne & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2023). ROP blant innsatte i fengsel: Resultater fra PriSUD-Nordic prosjektet.
• Tverborgvik, Torill & Bukten, Anne (2023). Levekår, rus og psykisk helse blant domfelte - en spørreskjemaundersøkelse.
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2023). Levekår, rus og psykisk helse blant domfelte.
• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Bukten, Anne (2023). Psykiske lidelser og dødelighet blant kvinner i norske fengsel.
• Tverborgvik, Torill & Bukten, Anne (2023). Levevilkår, rus og psykisk helse.
• Tverborgvik, Torill & Bukten, Anne (2023). Levekår, rus og psykisk helse blant domfelte - et forskningsprosjekt.
• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2023). Uverdige forhold i kvinnefengslene: En varslet krise. Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892. Show summary

  Norske kvinnefengsler befolkes i økende grad av personer med aktive og alvorlige psykiske lidelser. Sivilombudets knusende kritikk av forholdene ved Bredtveit tegner nok en gang et dystert bilde av kriminalomsorgens evne til å ivareta disse.

• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Bukten, Anne (2023). Psykiske lidelser blant kvinner i fengsel .
• Bukten, Anne (2023). Om PriSUD-prosjektet .
• Lokdam, Nicoline; Skjærvø, Ingeborg; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2023). Rusbrukslidelser blant personer i Norske fengsler – Behov, behandling og tilbakefall til fengsel.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth & Smith, Peter Scharff (2023). Punishment in the digital age: smart prisons, video visitation and electronic surveillance in the 21st century. Nordic Criminology Blog.
• Lokdam, Nicoline; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2023). Isolasjonsfengsling - Forekomst, risikofaktorer og konsekvenser. Show summary

  Bruken av isolasjon i norske fengsel blir ofte kritisert både nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Vi vet isolasjon er skadelig for helsen, men det er fortsatt mange ting vi ikke vet om bruken av isolasjon og hvilke konsekvenser isolasjonsbruken har på de innsattes helse. Dette ønsker vi å undersøke i PriSUD prosjektet, hvor vi har mulighet til å følge de som har sittet isolert over tid, både i forhold til nye fengslinger, ny kriminalitet og helsestatus.

• Tverborgvik, Torill (2022). The impact of drug use on mortality in a prison cohort: a prospective cohort study .
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2022). Factors associated with mortality among people in prison; a 7 year prospective cohort study .
• Skjærvø, Ingeborg (2022). Tall om unge i kriminalomsorgen.
• Skjærvø, Ingeborg (2022). YoungPris - Young prison inmates.
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2022). Current projects. In short .
• Tverborgvik, Torill (2022). Etikkseminar Humanetisk Forbund: Human ruspolitikk.
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth (2022). Hvordan er det å være forsker?
• Tverborgvik, Torill; Lokdam, Nicoline & Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden (2022). Paneldiskusjon: Helse og behandling i fengsel.
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth (2022). “Like the first time, all over again”: Sex, relasjoner og tilbakefall til rus.
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth & Nyvoll, Pernille (2022). Analysing the "healthy prison": Incarceration, illness and institutionality.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2022). LAR bak murene: Opplevelser av behandling under soning.
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth (2022). “Like the first time, all over again” Sex, relationships and risk for relapse to substance use after release from prison.
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth (2022). Rusbehandling i fengsel: tiltak under soning og implikasjoner for livet etter løslatelse .
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth (2022). Opioid agonist therapy in the context of prison: side effects, stigma and subterfuge.
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth & Nyvoll, Pernille (2022). PRISONHEALTH og PriSUD: Forskning på helse og rusbehandling i fengsel.
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth (2022). Like the first time, all over again: Sex, relationships and risk for relapse to substance use after release from prison.
• Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2022). Psychiatric comorbidity among people with opioid use disorder - preliminary results.
• Bukten, Anne (2022). Rus og helse blant innsatte i Norske fengsel (2010-2019) Resultater fra PriSUD-prosjektet .
• Bukten, Anne & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2022). Rus og helse blant innsatte i Norske fengsel (2010-2019) Resultater fra PriSUD-prosjektet .
• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Bukten, Anne (2022). Rus og psykiske lidelser blant kvinner i fengsel .
• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Bukten, Anne (2022). Psychiatric morbidity in a ‘hardening’ prison population: Time trends and prevalence of psychiatric disorders among women in Norwegian prison, 2010 - 2019 .
• Svendsen, Vegard Gjerden; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skardhamar, Torbjørn & Bukten, Anne (2022). Kvinner (og kjønnsforskjeller) i fengsel.
• Bukten, Anne; Lokdam, Nicoline; Skjærvø, Ingeborg; Ugelvik, Thomas; Skurtveit, Svetlana Ondrasova & Gabrhelík, Roman [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2022). PriSUD-Nordic—Diagnosing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in the Prison Population: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 11(3). doi: 10.2196/35182. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: A large proportion of the prison population experiences substance use disorders (SUDs), which are associated with poor physical and mental health, social marginalization, and economic disadvantage. Despite the global situation characterized by the incarceration of large numbers of people with SUD and the health problems associated with SUD, people in prison are underrepresented in public health research. Objective: The overall objective of the PriSUD (Diagnosing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in Prison)-Nordic project is to develop new knowledge that will contribute to better mental and physical health, improved quality of life, and better life expectancies among people with SUD in prison. Methods: PriSUD-Nordic is based on a multidisciplinary mixed method approach, including the methodological perspectives of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The qualitative part includes ethnographic fieldwork and semistructured interviews. The quantitative part is a registry-based cohort study including national registry data from Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. The national prison cohorts will comprise approximately 500,000 individuals and include all people imprisoned in Norway, Sweden, and Demark during the period from 2000 to 2019. The project will investigate the prison population during three different time periods: before imprisonment, during imprisonment, and after release. Results: PriSUD-Nordic was funded by The Research Council of Norway in December 2019, and funding started in 2020. Data collection is ongoing and will be completed in the first quarter of 2022. Data will be analyzed in spring 2022 and the results will be disseminated in 2022-2023. The PriSUD-Nordic project has formal ethical approval related to all work packages. Conclusions: PriSUD-Nordic will be the first research project to investigate the epidemiology and the lived experiences of people with SUD in the Nordic prison population. Successful research in this field will have the potential to identify significant areas of benefit and will have important implications for ongoing policy related to interventions for SUD in the prison population.

• Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2022). Psychiatric comorbidity among people with opioid use disorder and in opioid agonist treatment in prison. A national retrospective cohort study 2010-2019.
• Tverborgvik, Torill; Bukten, Anne & Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim (2022). Dødelighet blant innsatte i fengsel.
• Tverborgvik, Torill; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2022). Factors associated with mortality in The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA)- cohort .
• Lokdam, Nicoline; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim & Bukten, Anne (2022). Drug use and re-imprisonment.
• Lokdam, Nicoline (2021). Substance use and re-imprisonment.
• Agnes, Ericksen & Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2021). What makes Norway’s criminal justice system different to other countries? [Internet]. The Local.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2021). «Utfordringer og muligheter ved rusbehandling i fengsel: foreløpige resultater fra PriSUD-delprosjektet "Experiences of substance use disorder measures in Norwegian prisons: a public health opportunity"».
• Boyle, Rose Elisabeth & Nyvoll, Pernille (2021). Snapshots from ongoing fieldwork.
• Boyle, Rose Elizabeth (2021). «Utfordringer og muligheter ved rusbehandling i fengsel: foreløpige resultater fra PriSUD-delprosjektet "Experiences of substance use disorder measures in Norwegian prisons: a public health opportunity"».
• Bukten, Anne (2021). A breif overview of the PriSUD project.
• Muller, Ashley Elizabeth; Havnes, Ingrid Amalia; Rognli, Eline Borger & Bukten, Anne (2019). Innsatte trener og snuser mer i fengsel…hvis de hadde slitt med rusbruk før soning.
• Muller, Ashley Elizabeth; Bukten, Anne & Clausen, Thomas (2019). How can we measure the quality of life of high-risk groups in Norway? Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 47, p. 10–10. Full text in Research Archive
• Bukten, Anne & Muller, Ashley Elizabeth (2018). Langvarig behandlingskontakt – suksesser og utfordringer.
• Kielland, Knut Boe & Bukten, Anne (2016). Injecting drug use among inmates in Norwegian prisons.
• Havnes, Ingrid Amalia; Clausen, Thomas & Bukten, Anne (2016). Anabolic androgenic steroid use prior to and during imprisonment - findings from a Norwegian national prison survey.
• Bukten, Anne (2013). Nasjonal ruskartlegging i kriminalomsorgen. Aktuelt for kriminalomsorgen. ISSN 0803-6438. p. 14–15.
• Bukten, Anne; Lokdam, Nicoline; Clausen, Thomas & Skjærvø, Ingeborg (2021). Bruk, besittelse og ruspåvirket kjøring blant innsatte i Norske fengsel 2000-2019. Senter for rus og avhengighetsforskning (SERAF).
• Bukten, Anne; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Kunøe, Nikolaj; Lobmaier, Philipp Paul & Lund, Ingunn Olea [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Rusmiddelbruk og helsesituasjon blant innsatte i norske fengsel. Resultater fra The Norwegian offender mental health and addiction study (NorMA). Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive

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