Georg Mathias Honoré Barra

• Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Stenmarck, Mille Sofie & Barra, Mathias (2024). Preparing popular views for inclusion in a reflective equilibrium: A case study on illness severity. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 348. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116794.
• Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Whitehurst, David GT.; Baker, Rachel & Barra, Mathias (2024). Charting public views on the meaning of illness severity. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 347. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116760.
• Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Juth, Niklas; Solberg, Carl Tollef & Barra, Mathias (2024). When Should Popular Views be Included in a Reflective Equilibrium? Erkenntnis: An International Journal of Scientific Philosophy. ISSN 0165-0106. doi: 10.1007/s10670-024-00805-8.
• Sørheim, Preben; Barra, Mathias; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Gamlund, Espen & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2024). Premature Death as a Normative Concept. Health Care Analysis. ISSN 1065-3058. doi: 10.1007/s10728-023-00471-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The practical goal of preventing premature death seems uncontroversial. But the term ‘premature death’ is vague with several, sometimes conflicting definitions. This ambiguity results in several conceptions with which not all will agree. Moreover, the normative rationale behind the goal of preventing premature deaths is masked by the operational definition of existing measures. In this article, we argue that ‘prema- ture death’ should be recognized as a normative concept. We propose that normative theories should be used to justify measures of premature death to provide them with normative validity and public legitimacy.

• Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Baker, Rachel; Whitehurst, David GT. & Barra, Mathias (2023). A severely fragmented concept: Uncovering citizens’ subjective accounts of severity of illness. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 330. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116046.
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré; Sandman, Lars & Hofmann, Bjørn Morten (2023). Severity as a moral qualifier of malady. BMC Medical Ethics. ISSN 1472-6939. 24(1), s. e1–e7. doi: 10.1186/s12910-023-00903-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The overarching aim of this article is to scrutinize how severity can work as a qualifier for the moral impetus of malady. While there is agreement that malady is of negative value, there is disagreement about precisely how this is so. Nevertheless, alleviating disease, injury, and associated suffering is almost universally considered good. Furthermore, the strength of a diseased person's moral claims for our attention and efforts will inevitably vary. This article starts by reflecting on what kind of moral impetus malady incites. We then analyze how severity may qualify this impetus. We do so by discussing the relationship between severity and need, well-being and disvalue, death, urgency, rule of rescue, and distributive justice. We then summarize our thoughts about severity as a moral qualifier. We conclude that severity is, and should continue to be seen, as a morally significant concept that deserves continued attention in the future.

• Kliem, Elisabeth; Labberton, Angela Susan; Barra, Mathias; Olsen, Alexander; Thommessen, Bente & Thomas, Owen Matthew Truscott [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Self-reported cognitive and psychiatric symptoms at 3 months predict single-item measures of fatigue and daytime sleep 12 months after ischemic stroke. Frontiers in Neurology. ISSN 1664-2295. 13. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.944586. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dahl, Fredrik Andreas; Barra, Mathias; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Ihle-Hansen, Hege; Næss, Halvor & Rand, Kim [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Stroke unit demand in Norway – present and future estimates. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07385-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background All stroke patients should receive timely admission to a stroke unit (SU). Consequently, most patients with suspected strokes – including stroke mimics (SM) are admitted. The aim of this study was to estimate the current total demand for SU bed capacity today and give estimates for future (2020–2040) demand. Methods Time trend estimates for stroke incidence and time constant estimates for length of stay (LOS) were estimated from the Norwegian Patient Registry (2010–2015). Incidence and LOS models for SMs were based on data from Haukeland University Hospital (2008–2017) and Akershus University Hospital (2020), respectively. The incidence and LOS models were combined with scenarios from Statistic Norway’s population predictions to estimate SU demands for each health region. A telephone survey collected data on the number of currently available SU beds. Results In 2020, 361 SU beds are available, while demand was estimated to 302. The models predict a reduction in stroke incidence, which offsets projected demographic shifts. Still, the estimated demand for 2040 rose to 316, due to an increase in SMs. A variation of this reference scenario, where stroke incidence was frozen at the 2020-level, gave a 2040-demand of 480 beds. Conclusions While the stroke incidence is likely to continue to fall, this appears to be balanced by an increase in SMs. An important uncertainty is how long the trend of decreasing stroke incidence can be expected to continue. Since the most important uncertainty factors point toward a potential increase, which may be as large as 50%, we would recommend that the health authorities plan for a potential increase in the demand for SU bed capacity.

• Horn, Sindre August; Barra, Mathias; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2021). Public health priority setting: A case for priority to the worse off in well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Etikk i praksis. ISSN 1890-3991. 15(2), s. 5–15. doi: 10.5324/eip.v15i2.4097. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In Norway, priority for health interventions is assigned on the basis of three official criteria: health benefit, resources, and severity. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have mainly been through intersectoral public health efforts such as lockdowns, quarantines, information campaigns, social distancing, and, in the later phase, vaccine distribution. The aim of this article is to evaluate potential priority setting criteria for public health interventions. We argue in favour of the following three criteria for public health priority setting: benefit, resources and improving the well-being of the worse off. We argue that benefits and priority to the worse off may reasonably be understood in terms of individual well-being, rather than only health, for public health priority setting. We argue that lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic support our conclusions.

• Lamu, Admassu Nadew; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Gregersen, Fredrik A. & Barra, Mathias (2021). Cycle-network expansion plan in Oslo: Modeling cost-effectiveness analysis and health equity impact. Health Economics. ISSN 1057-9230. 30(12), s. 3220–3235. doi: 10.1002/hec.4435. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Physical inactivity is the leading cause of non-communicable diseases, and further research on the cost-effectiveness of interventions that target inactivity is warranted. Socioeconomic status is vital in this process. We aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a cycle-network expansion plan in Oslo compared to the status quo by income quintiles. We applied a Markov model using a public payer perspective. Health outcomes were measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained from the prevention of coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. We measured equity impact by the concentration index and social welfare using the achievement index. We conducted sensitivity analyses. The intervention was generally more costly and more effective than the status quo. Incremental cost per QALY falls with income quintile, ranging from $10,098 in the richest quintile to $23,053 per QALY gained in the poorest quintile. The base-case intervention increased health inequality. However, a scenario targeting low-income quintiles reduced inequality and increased social welfare. In conclusion, the cycle-network expansion is likely to be cost-effective, but with equity concerns. If decision makers care about health inequalities, the disadvantaged groups could be targeted to produce more equitable and socially desirable outcomes instead of a uniform intervention across income quintiles.

• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Dahl, Fredrik Andreas & Næss, Halvor (2021). Stroke Mimics on the Stroke Unit – Temporal trends 2008–2017 at a large Norwegian university hospital. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6314. 144(6), s. 695–705. doi: 10.1111/ane.13527.
• Johannessen, Anne-Kari M.; Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré; Vullum, Sylvi & Werner, Anne (2021). Nursing students’ evaluation of clinical learning environment and supervision in a Norwegian hospital placement – A questionnaire survey using CLES+T scale. Nurse Education in Practice. ISSN 1471-5953. 54. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103119.
• Dahl, Silje Langseth; Vaksdal, Rebekka Hylland; Barra, Mathias; Gamlund, Espen & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2021). Abortion and multifetal pregnancy reduction: An ethical comparison (English translation). Etikk i praksis. ISSN 1890-3991. 15(1), s. 51–73. doi: 10.5324/eip.v15i1.3980. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In recent years, multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) has increasingly been a subject of debate in Norway. The intensity of this debate reached a tentative maximum when the Legislation Department delivered their interpretative statement, Section 2 -Interpretation of the Abortion Act, in 2016 in response to a request from the Ministry of Health (2014) that the Legislation Department consider whether the Abortion Act allows for MFPR of healthy fetuses in multiple pregnancies. The Legislation Department concluded that the current abortion legislation [as of 2016] allows for MFPR subject to the constraints that the law otherwise stipulates. The debate has not subsided, and during autumn 2018 it was further intensified in connection with the Norwegian Christian Democratic "crossroads" policy and signals from the Conservatives to consider removing section 2.3c and to forbid MFPR.Many of the arguments in the MFPR debate are seemingly similar to arguments put forward in the general abortion debate, and an analysis toascertain what distinguishes MFPR from other abortions has yet to be conducted. The aim of this article is, therefore, to examine whether there is a moral distinction between abortion and MFPR of healthy fetuses. We will cover the typical arguments emerging in the debate in Norway and exemplify them with scholarly articles from the literature. We have dubbed the most important arguments against MFPR that we have identified the harm argument, the slippery-slope argument, the intentionargument, the grief argument, the long-term psychological effects for the woman argument, and the sorting argument. We conclude that these arguments do not measure up in terms of demonstrating a morally relevant difference between MFPR of healthy fetuses and other abortions. Our conclusion is, therefore —despite what several discussants seem to think —that there is no morally relevant difference between the two. Therefore, on the same conditions as we allow for abortions, we should also allow MFPR. Keywords: abortion, ethics,medical ethics, MFPR, selective MFPR

• Horn, Sindre August; Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2021). Er covid-19 alvorlig? Det norske alvorlighetskriteriet for helseprioriteringer i møte med en pandemi. Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning. ISSN 0809-2052. 24(2), s. 1–14. doi: 10.18261/issn.2464-3076-2021-02-01. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Koronapandemien har synliggjort nødvendigheten av prioriteringer i helsetjenesten vår. Helseprioriteringer i Norge skal gjøres etter de tre kriteriene nytte, ressurs og alvorlighetsgrad. Nytte- og ressurskriteriene utgjør til sammen et kostnadseffektivitetskriterium: Høyere prioritet tilfaller tiltak som skaper mye helse med få ressurser. Alvorlighets- kriteriet innebærer at en mer alvorlig tilstand kan og skal prioriteres høyere enn kostnadseffektiviteten alene tilsier. I denne artikkelen undersøker vi det norske alvorlighetskriteriet for helseprioriteringer i møte med koronaepidemien i Norge. Vi beskriver utviklingen av alvorlighetskriteriet i den norske prioriteringsdiskursen. Videre diskuterer vi hvordan koronaepidemien fremhever uenigheter og tvetydigheter rundt begrepet «alvorlighet» hva gjelder dødsrisiko, komorbiditet og hastegrad. Vi drøfter også hvordan den norske pandemiberedskapen passer inn i dette landskapet og etterlyser en klarere forståelse av alvorlighet i skillet mellom behandling og forebygging av sykdom. Til sist drøfter vi om det norske alvorlighetskriteriet for helseprioriteringer også kan være relevant for prioriteringer utenfor helse- vesenet.

• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré; Dahl, Fredrik Andreas; Vetvik, Kjersti & MacGregor, E. Anne (2020). A Markov chain method for counting and modelling migraine attacks. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10:3631, s. 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60505-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Sørheim, Preben; Muller, Karl Erik; Gamlund, Espen; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Barra, Mathias (2020). The devils in the DALY: Prevailing evaluative assumptions. Public Health Ethics. ISSN 1754-9973. 13(3), s. 259–274. doi: 10.1093/phe/phaa030. Vis sammendrag

  In recent years, it has become commonplace among the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study authors to regard the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) primarily as a descriptive health metric. During the first phase of the GBD (1990–1996), it was widely acknowledged that the DALY had built-in evaluative assumptions. However, from the publication of the 2010 GBD and onwards, two central evaluative practices—time discounting and age-weighting—have been omitted from the DALY model. After this substantial revision, the emerging view now appears to be that the DALY is primarily a descriptive measure. Our aim in this article is to argue that the DALY, despite changes, remains largely evaluative. Our analysis focuses on the understanding of the DALY by comparing the DALY as a measure of disease burden in the two most significant phases of GBD publications, from their beginning (1990–1996) to the most recent releases (2010–2017). We identify numerous assumptions underlying the DALY and group them as descriptive or evaluative. We conclude that while the DALY model arguably has become more descriptive, it remains, by necessity, largely evaluative.

• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Barra, Mathias & Robberstad, Bjarne (2020). Bør vi diskontere fremtidige helsegevinster? Pro et contra . Norsk Filosofisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1943. 55(2–3), s. 170–184. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-2901-2020-02-03-07. Vis sammendrag

  Målet med denne artikkelen er å undersøke de viktigste argumentene for og imot diskontering av fremtidige helsegevinster. Et mer generelt spørsmål dreier seg om hvorvidt vi bør diskontere fremtidig velferd (eng. well-being). Vi begynner med en redegjørelse av hva diskontering er, og hvordan diskontering påvirker evaluering av helsetiltak. Deretter tar vi for oss de mest sentrale argumentene for og imot diskontering av fremtidige helsegevinster. Dette inkluderer velkjente argumenter som grensenytteargumentet, risikoargumentet, utsettelsesargumentet, konsistensargumentet og rene positive tidspreferanser. I tillegg drøfter vi to lite diskuterte argumenter, nemlig det instrumentelle argumentet og argumentet for fordelingsrettferdighet, samt en alternativ form for diskontering, nemlig diskontinuerlig diskontering. Vi konkluderer åpent og lar det være opp til deg som leser å reflektere videre omkring dette viktige spørsmålet.

• Labberton, Angela Susan; Augestad, Liv Ariane; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Georg Mathias Honore (2020). The association of stroke severity with health-related quality of life in survivors of acute cerebrovascular disease and their informal caregivers during the first year post stroke: a survey study. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02516-3.
• Barra, Mathias; Broqvist, Mari; Gustavsson, Erik; Henriksson, Martin; Juth, Niklas & Sandman, Lars [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Do not despair about severity—yet. Journal of Medical Ethics. ISSN 0306-6800. 0(0), s. 1–2. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105870. Vis sammendrag

  In a recent extended essay, philosopher Daniel Hausman goes a long way towards dismissing severity as a morally relevant attribute in the context of priority setting in healthcare. In this response, we argue that although Hausman certainly points to real problems with how severity is often interpreted and operationalised within the priority setting context, the conclusion that severity does not contain plausible ethical content is too hasty. Rather than abandonment, our proposal is to take severity seriously by carefully mapping the possibly multiple underlying accounts to well-established ethical theories, in a way that is both morally defensible and aligned with the term’s colloquial uses.

• Augestad, Liv Ariane; Rand, Kim; Luo, Nan & Barra, Mathias (2019). Using the choice sequence in time trade-off as discrete choices: do the two stories match? Value in Health. ISSN 1098-3015. s. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.10.003.
• Østborg, Tilde Broch; Augestad, Liv Ariane & Barra, Mathias (2019). Bruk ordet fosterantallsreduksjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 139(15). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0409.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Barra, Mathias; Rønning, Ole M.; Thommessen, Bente; Churilov, Leonid & Cadilhac, Dominique A. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Patient and service factors associated with referral and admission to inpatient rehabilitation after the acute phase of stroke in Australia and Norway. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 19:871. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4713-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rand, Kim; Dahl, Fredrik Andreas; Viana, Joe; Rønning, Ole M.; Faiz, Kashif Waqar & Barra, Mathias (2019). Fewer ischemic strokes, despite an ageing population: stroke models from observed incidence in Norway 2010–2015. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4538-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Labberton, Angela Susan; Thommessen, Bente; Rønning, Ole M. & Barra, Mathias (2019). Stroke-Related Knowledge and Lifestyle Behavior among Stroke Survivors. Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. ISSN 1052-3057. s. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104359.
• Barra, Mathias; Dahl, Fredrik Andreas; MacGregor, E. Anne & Vetvik, Kjersti (2019). Identifying menstrual migraine- improving the diagnostic criteria using a statistical method. The Journal of Headache and Pain. ISSN 1129-2369. 20(1). doi: 10.1186/s10194-019-1035-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Barra, Mathias (2019). Consistency is not overrated. Journal of Medical Ethics. ISSN 0306-6800. 45(12), s. 830–831. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105662. Vis sammendrag

  In a recent paper—The disvalue of death in the global burden of disease—we question the commensurability of the two components of the disability-adjusted life year (DALY)—years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs)—and offer a tentative solution to this problem. In an exciting and constructive reply—Is consistency overrated?—philosopher S Andrew Schroeder argues that our concern about the DALY may be missing the mark by accepting the DALY as what he refers to as an index reflecting nothing ‘beyond the importance we place in each (DALY component). According to Schroeder, our consistency requirement is then made redundant.

• Barra, Mathias; Broqvist, Mari; Gustavsson, Erik; Henriksson, Martin; Juth, Niklas & Sandman, Lars [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Severity as a priority setting criterion: Setting a challenging research agenda. Health Care Analysis. ISSN 1065-3058. s. 1–20. doi: 10.1007/s10728-019-00371-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Priority setting in health care is ubiquitous and health authorities are increasingly recognising the need for priority setting guidelines to ensure efficient, fair, and equitable resource allocation. While cost-effectiveness concerns seem to dominate many policies, the tension between utilitarian and deontological concerns is salient to many, and various severity criteria appear to fill this gap. Severity, then, must be subjected to rigorous ethical and philosophical analysis. Here we first give a brief history of the path to today’s severity criteria in Norway and Sweden. The Scandinavian perspective on severity might be conducive to the international discussion, given its long-standing use as a priority setting criterion, despite having reached rather different conclusions so far. We then argue that severity can be viewed as a multidimensional concept, drawing on accounts of need, urgency, fairness, duty to save lives, and human dignity. Such concerns will often be relative to local mores, and the weighting placed on the various dimensions cannot be expected to be fixed. Thirdly, we present what we think are the most pertinent questions to answer about severity in order to facilitate decision making in the coming years of increased scarcity, and to further the understanding of underlying assumptions and values that go into these decisions. We conclude that severity is poorly understood, and that the topic needs substantial further inquiry; thus we hope this article may set a challenging and important research agenda.

• Dahl, Silje Langseth; Vaksdal, Rebekka Hylland; Barra, Mathias; Gamlund, Espen & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2019). Abort og fosterreduksjon: En etisk sammenligning. Etikk i praksis. ISSN 1890-3991. 13(1), s. 89–111. doi: 10.5324/eip.v13i1.3002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  De siste årene har fosterreduksjon i økende grad vært gjenstand for debatt i Norge, og intensiteten nådde et foreløpig maksimum da Lovavdelingen leverte tolknings-uttalelsen § 2 - Tolkning av abortloven i 2016 som svar på at Helse- og omsorgs-departementet (i 2014) ba Lovavdelingen om å vurdere hvorvidt Lov om svangers-kapsavbrudd åpner for fosterreduksjon av friske fostre ved flerlings-vangerskap. Lovavdelingen konkluderte med at abortloven åpner for fosterreduksjon ved flerlingsvangerskap innenfor de rammene som loven ellers oppstiller. Debatten har ikke stilnet, og utover høsten 2018 ble den ytterligere tilspisset i forbindelse med KrFs veivalg og signaler fra Høyre om å vurdere å fjerne § 2.3c, samt å forby fosterreduksjon. Mange av argumentene i fosterreduksjonsdebatten fremstår tilsynelatende like de argumentene som verserer i abortdebatten, og det mangler en analyse av hva som stiller seg annerledes ved fosterreduksjon. Målet med denne artikkelen er følgelig å undersøke hvorvidt det finnes en moralsk relevant forskjell mellom abort og fosterreduksjon av friske fostre. Vi tar for oss typiske argumenter fra den norske debatten, og belyser dem med fagartikler fra forskningslitteraturen. De mest sentrale argumentene mot fosterreduksjon har vi identifisert som skadeargumentet, skråplansargumentet, intensjonsargumentet, sorgargumentet, psykologiske langtids-effekter for kvinnen og sorteringsargumentet. Vi kommer frem til at motargumentene ikke holder mål hva gjelder å påvise en moralsk relevant forskjell mellom abort og fosterreduksjon av friske fostre. Konklusjonen vår er derfor at det – på tross av hva flere debattanter synes å mene - ikke finnes en moralsk relevant forskjell mellom de to. Når vi derfor tillater abort, så bør vi også tillate fosterreduksjon.

• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole M.; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2019). Changes in survival and characteristics among older stroke unit patients-1994 versus 2012. Brain and Behavior. ISSN 2162-3279. 9(1). doi: 10.1002/brb3.1175. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Barra, Mathias; Labberton, Angela Susan; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer; Rønning, Ole M. & Viana, Joe [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Stroke incidence in the young: evidence from a Norwegian register study. Journal of Neurology. ISSN 0340-5354. s. 1–17. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-9102-6.
• Michel, Yvonne Anne; Augestad, Liv Ariane; Barra, Mathias & Rand, Kim (2018). A Norwegian 15D value algorithm: proposing a new procedure to estimate 15D value algorithms. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1007/s11136-018-2043-9.
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Labberton, Angela Susan; Thommessen, Bente; Rønning, Ole M.; Dahl, Fredrik Andreas & Barra, Mathias (2018). The Burden of Stroke Mimics: Present and Future Projections. Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. ISSN 1052-3057. 27(5), s. 1288–1295. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.12.011.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Rønning, Ole M.; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2018). Differences in and Determinants of Prehospital Delay Times among Stroke Patients?1994 Versus 2012. Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. ISSN 1052-3057. 27(9), s. 2398–2404. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.030. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jakubczyk, Michał; Craig, Benjamin M.; Barra, Mathias; Groothuis-Oudsho, Catharina G.M.; Hartman, John D. & Huynh, Elisabeth [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Choice Defines Value: A Predictive Modeling Competition in Health Preference Research. Value in Health. ISSN 1098-3015. 21(2), s. 229–238. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.09.016. Vis sammendrag

  Objective To identify which specifications and approaches to model selection better predict health preferences, the International Academy of Health Preference Research (IAHPR) hosted a predictive modeling competition including 18 teams from around the world. Methods In April 2016, an exploratory survey was fielded: 4074 US respondents completed 20 out of 1560 paired comparisons by choosing between two health descriptions (e.g., longer life span vs. better health). The exploratory data were distributed to all teams. By July, eight teams had submitted their predictions for 1600 additional pairs and described their analytical approach. After these predictions had been posted online, a confirmatory survey was fielded (4148 additional respondents). Results The victorious team, “Discreetly Charming Econometricians,” led by Michał Jakubczyk, achieved the smallest χ2, 4391.54 (a predefined criterion). Its primary scientific findings were that different models performed better with different pairs, that the value of life span is not constant proportional, and that logit models have poor predictive validity in health valuation. Conclusions The results demonstrated the diversity and potential of new analytical approaches in health preference research and highlighted the importance of predictive validity in health valuation.

• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Barra, Mathias (2017). The disvalue of death in the global burden of disease. Journal of Medical Ethics. ISSN 0306-6800. 44(3), s. 192–198. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2017-104365. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Viana, Joe; Rand-Hendriksen, Kim; Simonsen, Tone Breines; Barra, Mathias & Dahl, Fredrik Andreas (2017). Do hybrid simulation models always increase flexibility to handle parametric and structural changes? Winter simulation conference : proceedings. ISSN 0891-7736. s. 1439–1450. doi: 10.1109/WSC.2016.7822196.
• Barra, Mathias; Evensen, Gina Sophie Hvidsten & Valeberg, Berit Taraldsen (2017). Cues and clues predicting presence of symptoms of depression in stroke survivors. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 26(3-4), s. 546–556. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13482.
• Rand-Hendriksen, Kim; Viana, Joe; Barra, Mathias & Dahl, Fredrik Andreas (2016). Conflicts or synergy when combining modeling approaches - Perspectives from psychology. Winter simulation conference : proceedings. ISSN 0891-7736. doi: 10.1109/WSC.2016.7822198.
• Barra, Mathias; Simonsen, Tone Breines & Dahl, Fredrik Andreas (2016). Pre-contact by telephone increases response rates to postal questionnaires in a population of stroke patients: an open ended randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1732-8.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré; Whitehurst, David G T; Sandman, Lars; Jølstad, Odd Borgar & Ehlert, Adam (2024). Severity – Ethics, Evidence, and Application .
• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré (2024). Helsetjenesteforskning og prioriteringer.
• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré (2024). Prioriteringskriterier, forskningsresultater og en ny HSØ‐finansiert studie.
• Barra, Mathias; Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Jølstad, Odd Borgar & Horn, Sindre August (2023). Rådgiverpanelmøte for SEVPRI; .
• Torjusen, Marius Lamberg; Rand, Kim; Whitehurst, David GT.; Stavem, Knut & Barra, Mathias (2023). Alvorlighet eller helsegevinst - Hva prioriterer befolkningen?
• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré; Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Whitehurst, David G T & Baker, Rachel (2023). Q2S methodology - Testing triplets for Q2S.
• Barra, Mathias (2023). Severity as a moral qualifier of malady.
• Barra, Mathias (2023). Prioriteringer i helsevesenet.
• Barra, Mathias (2023). Paneldebatt: Nye metoder .
• Torjusen, Marius Lamberg; Rand, Kim; Whitehurst, David GT.; Stavem, Knut & Barra, Mathias (2023). SEVQoL, Severity and EQ-5D-5L, An early look.
• Torjusen, Marius Lamberg; Rand, Kim; Stavem, Knut; Whitehurst, David G T & Barra, Mathias (2023). Alvorlighet og EQ-5D - Hvordan bruke livskvalitetsverktøy til å få nye innsikter om befolkningens intuisjoner rundt prioriteringer i helsevesenet .
• Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré; Baker, Rachel; Whitehurst, David G T & Jølstad, Odd Borgar (2023). A severely fragmented concept: a Q-methodological investigation of subjective accounts of severity in priority setting.
• Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Baker, Rachel; Whitehurst, David & Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré (2022). A severely fragmented concept? A Q-methodological investigation of subjective accounts of severity in priority-setting.
• Barra, Mathias; Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Horn, Sindre August & Simonsen, Tone Breines (2022). Rådgiverpanelmøte.
• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré (2022). Ask not what the world is good for, but instead what good you can do for the world.
• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré (2022). Severity as a moral qualifier of malady.
• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré & Stenmarck, Mille Sofie (2022). Idealised Q-Sorts - A novel approach?
• Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Baker, Rachel; Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré & Whitehurst, David G T (2022). Severity as a in priority-setting criterion.
• Stenmarck, Mille Sofie; Jølstad, Odd Borgar; Baker, Rachel; Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré & Whitehurst, David G T (2022). A severely fragmented concept? A Q-methodological investigation of subjective accounts of severity in priority-setting.
• Kliem, Elisabeth; Labberton, Angela Susan; Barra, Mathias; Gjestad, Elise Ødegård; Olsen, Alexander & Thommessen, Bente [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Self-reported mental distress at 3 months predicts daytime sleep and fatigue 12 months after ischemic stroke: A structural equation modeling analysis.
• Torjusen, Marius Lamberg; Solberg, Carl Tollef; Barra, Mathias & Feiring, Eli (2022). Priority setting in Norwegian municipal health and care services: A content analysis of policy documents. BMJ Global Health. ISSN 2059-7908. 7. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-ISPH.73. Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Norway has a long tradition of open priority setting in health care services. However, the principles and instruments for priority setting have mainly been used in specialist health care. In 2017, an official committee was commissioned to evaluate if and how to adopt the three Norwegian priority-setting criteria – health benefit, resources, and severity – in the municipal health and care services. The aim of this article was to examine the arguments for and against implementing the current criteria in municipal health and care services, using documentary data from the ensuing political process. Methods Data consisted of Norwegian policy documents discussing prioritisation principles for municipal health and care services: The Official Norwegian Report 2018:6 (green paper), the written consultation responses from the hearings, and the Report to the Parliament 38 (2020-2021) (white paper). The documents were analysed using a predefined conceptual framework where arguments were categorised by their level of abstraction and the degree of (dis)agreement with the recommendations in the green paper. Results Data suggested general agreement to use the same criteria in all levels of Norwegian health service. However, disagreement was identified when considering the lack of feasible implementation processes. Recurrent themes in the data were the municipalities’ legal and financial lack of scope to set priorities under constraints, challenges regarding operationalising a supplementary physical, psychological and social mastery criterion, and prioritising in situations where the benefits are difficult to measure. Discussion The many duties and responsibilities of municipal health and care make priority setting decisions more complex than in specialist health care. In summary, the Norwegian green paper on priority setting in municipal health and care services has presented a well-received recommendation. However, how to inevitably tackle the many complex, and sometimes wicked, prioritisation problems in practice remain unanswered.

• Stenmarck, Mille Sofie & Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré (2021). Subjective accounts of severity.
• Barra, Georg Mathias Honoré (2021). ISPOR 2021 - Drop Dead: Is It Time to Remove 'Dead' from Health State Valuation?
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Sørheim, Preben; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Barra, Georg Mathias Honore (2020). Helseprioriteringer under en pandemi. Agenda Magasin.
• Barra, Mathias & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2020). SEVPRI.
• Barra, Mathias & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2020). Presentation of SEVPRI .
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Sørheim, Preben; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Barra, Georg Mathias Honore (2020). Helseprioriteringer under en pandemi. Agenda Magasin.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Augestad, Liv Ariane; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2020). The impact of stroke severity on health related quality of life in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease and their informal caregivers.
• Barra, Mathias; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2020). Severity and priority setting in health care (populærvitenskapelig fremstilling, Forskningsrådet) . Vis sammendrag

  Prioriteringer innen helsevesenet er uunngåelige og har vidtrekkende, endog fatale, konsekvenser for pasienter og pårørende. I Norge hersker det en utstrakt, men skjør, enighet om at det er de mest alvorlig syke som skal prioriteres høyest. Alvorlighetsgrad som prioriteringskriterium har vært en hjørnesten i hele den norske prioriteringstradisjonen siden det første Lønningutvalget i 1987. Alvorlighetsgrad består som ett av de sentrale begrepene i etterfølgende prioriteringsutvalg (Norheim 2014, Blankholm 2018). Den tilsynelatende konsensusen omkring viktigheten av alvorlighetsgrad som prioriteringskriterium er mer broket ved nærmere ettersyn: tenker vi alle sammen på det samme når vi beskriver en tilstand som «alvorlig»? Er begrepet robust nok som grunnlag for gode prioriteringer som befolkningen vil slutte opp om? Hva mener egentlig helsearbeidere, helseøkonomer, eller politikere om saken? Hva synes pasientene selv, og betyr alvorlighet noe annet i Alta enn i Oslo? SEVPRI skal kartlegge hvilket meningsinnhold som tillegges begrepet «alvorlighet» generelt, og i forbindelse med helseprioriteringer spesielt. Handler alvorlighet om smerte, funksjonstap og død? Om pasientens sosiale situasjon? Om fordelingshensyn? Er alvorlighet noe her-og-nå, eller handler det om livsløp? Gjennom samtaler med et bredt utvalg mennesker skal SEVPRI fremskaffe et kvalitativt råmateriale for videre analyse. Ulike kvantitative og kvalitative metoder anvendes for å beskrive meningsmangfoldet fra ulike teoretiske rammeverk. Forskergruppen er bredt sammensatt med filosofer, økonomer, og helsepersonell. SEVPRI skal analysere alvorlighet som prioriteringskriterium så uttømmende som mulig, slik at vi kan skille områder der vi er enige fra områder med reell uenighet. Målet er å forbedre språket i den offentlige prioriteringssamtalen, slik at prioriteringer oppfattes som rettferdige av flest mulig, og med akseptable kompromisser der uenigheten er uløselig.

• Barra, Mathias; Broqvist, Mari; Gustavsson, Erik; Henriksson, Martin; Juth, Niklas & Sandman, Lars [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Why care about severity? (Journal of medical ethics blog). . Vis sammendrag

  In an ideal world, everyone one of us would receive medical treatments in a timely manner, in the best possible way. There would be an unlimited number of organs available for transplantation. There would be enough health workers everywhere, and they would have sufficient time and knowledge to take care of each and every one of us. We would all live long and meaningful lives, and inequity in the distribution of health would be non-existent. This is not the world we find ourselves in. No resource is unlimited, and no effect is granted. Even in the world’s wealthiest countries, we need to prioritize.

• Barra, Mathias; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2020). Norske helseprioriteringer på ramme alvor: Hva nå? (Blogg for politisk filosofi) . Vis sammendrag

  Å si nei til å behandle syke pasienter, selv om behandlingen finnes, byr oss imot. Det er problematisk dersom begrunnelsen er at behandlingen er for kostbar—det skal ikke stå på pengene når det gjelder liv og helse. Likevel sier vi nei til en rekke tiltak i dag, fordi de ikke er kostnadseffektive. Når pasienten er alvorlig syk strekker vi oss likevel lenger enn ellers. Men, hvordan bør et slikt alvorlighetskriterium for helseprioriteringer egentlig se ut?

• Viana, Joe; Simonsen, Tone Breines; Rand, Kim; Barra, Mathias & Dahl, Fredrik Andreas (2019). The development of workshops to introduce computer simulation modelling health care decision-makers in familiar contexts. Vis sammendrag

  Title: The development of workshops to introduce computer simulation modelling health care decision-makers in familiar contexts. Authors: Joe Viana, Tone Breines Simonsen, Kim Rand, Mathias Barra and Fredrik Dahl Abstract (300 word limit) Background Computer simulation modelling (modelling) provides a virtual “safe” environment to evaluate potential changes to systems, before implemented those changes in reality. Many sectors use modelling in the decision-making process, including but not limited to finance, engineering, manufacturing, space and aviation, military and healthcare. Purpose The other industries use modelling more than healthcare. This paper presents three case studies to illustrate modelling applied to health and social care systems. Case 1: Chlamydia (UK) - a model of screening linked with an operational level model of a sexual health clinic to examine the cost effectiveness of different screening programmes. Case 2: Age Related Macular Degeneration (UK) – individual eye based physiological models of the progression of the disease, linked with models of that individual’s social care needs, and the operation of a hospital eye unit to examine how the health and social care systems interactions affect each other’s resources and the impact on the sufferers. Case 3: Post Term Pregnancy clinic (NO) – a model of the operation of a post-term pregnancy clinic, to improve the flow of women through the clinic, to make better use of resources and improve the women’s experience. Method & Results The case studies utilise three main simulation paradigms, Discrete Event Simulation (DES), Agent Based Modelling/Simulation (ABM/ABS) and System Dynamics (SD). We will summarise the method(s) and results for each case study. Utilising the authors’ experience and existing modelling and problem structuring frameworks and literature, we are developing a workshop approach to introduce modelling to potential users through eliciting a problem of particular interest to them. We will discuss the proposed workshop design. Conclusions We introduced simulation case studies that have informed health/social care decision making. To disseminate the use of modelling we present a workshop approach to engage with the healthcare sector.

• Barra, Mathias; Labberton, Angela Susan; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Lindstrøm, Jonas Christoffer; Rønning, Ole M. & Viana, Joe [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Slaginsidens i alle aldre – tidstrender og fremskrivninger.
• Barra, Mathias; Faiz, Kashif Waqar & Næss, Halvor (2019). Hjerneslagimitatorer ved Haukeland universitetssykehus 2008-2017.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole Morten; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2019). Factors predicting access to post-acute inpatient rehabilitation following stroke.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole Morten; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2019). Endring i overlevelse og karakteristika blant eldre slagpasienter på Ahus mellom 1994 og 2012.
• Vogt, Yngve; Häikiö, Kristin; Rand, Kim; Labberton, Angela Susan; Cheng, Socheat & Nyttingnes, Olav [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Helse-Norge kan spare mye penger - se de 15 ideene. Apollon : Forskningsmagasin for Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 0803-6926.
• Barra, Mathias & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2019). Kriterier for helseprioriteringer .
• Barra, Mathias; Gamlund, Espen; Langseth Dahl, Silje; Vaksdal, Rebekka & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2019). Fosterantallsreduksjon som risikoreduksjon består. Sykepleien. ISSN 0802-9768. s. 1–2. Vis sammendrag

  De lærde strides om etikken rundt fosterantallsreduksjon. Professor Per Nortvedts siste innlegg reiser punkter som artikkelforfatterne ønsker å svare på.

• Solberg, Carl Tollef & Barra, Mathias (2019). The Devils in the DALY: Evaluating disease burden in the Global Burden of Disease study.
• Barra, Mathias; Gamlund, Espen; Langseth Dahl, Silje; Rebekka, Hylland Vaksdal & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2019). Fosterantallsreduksjon kan forsvares etisk når abort kan det. Sykepleien. ISSN 0802-9768. s. 1–4.
• Langseth Dahl, Silje; Vaksdal, Rebekka; Barra, Mathias; Gamlund, Espen & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2019). Selvbestemt abort må også gjelde fosterreduksjon. Dagbladet. ISSN 0805-3766.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole Morten; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2018). Endring i overlevelse og karakteristika blant eldre slagpasienter på Ahus mellom 1994 og 2012.
• Rand, Kim; Dahl, Fredrik Andreas; Barra, Mathias; Viana, Joe & Faiz, Kashif Waqar (2018). Fremskrivinger av forekomst av hjerneslag i Norge.
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Rand, Kim & Barra, Mathias (2018). Fremtidens hjerneslagdiagnostikk og hjerneslagimitatorer. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 138(12), s. 1118–1120. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0101.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole M.; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2018). Survival in older Norwegian stroke patients.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole M.; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2018). Changes in survival, risk factors and stroke characteristics among older Norwegian stroke unit patients.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole M.; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2018). Patterns and predictors of referral to rehabilitation among older Norwegian stroke unit patients.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Rønning, Ole M.; Thommessen, Bente & Barra, Mathias (2018). Access to hospital-based rehabilitation among older Norwegian stroke unit patients.
• Solberg, Carl Tollef; Norheim, Ole Frithjof & Barra, Mathias (2017). Life and Death: Apples and Oranges? Guest Post at the Journal of Medical Ethics Blog .
• Barra, Mathias & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2017). The Disvalue of Death and the Global Burden of Disease.
• Rand, Kim; Viana, Joe; Barra, Mathias & Dahl, Fredrik Andreas (2017). Using bootstrapping to reflect variance in resource demand in simulation modeling of patient flow; the case of stroke treatment in Norway.
• Dahl, Fredrik Andreas; Rand, Kim; Viana, Joe; Barra, Mathias & Simonsen, Tone Breines (2017). Effects of stroke on labour force participation for patients and family caregivers.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Thommessen, Bente; Rønning, Ole M. & Barra, Mathias (2017). Differences in pre-hospital delay times among Norwegian stroke patients - 1994 versus 2012.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Thommessen, Bente; Rønning, Ole M. & Barra, Mathias (2017). TRENDS IN STROKE SEVERITY AND BASELINE RISK PROFILE IN PATIENTS TREATED ON A COMPREHENSIVE STROKE UNIT IN NORWAY IN 1994 VERSUS 2012.
• Labberton, Angela Susan; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Thommessen, Bente; Rønning, Ole M. & Barra, Mathias (2017). Differences in pre-hospital delay times in greater Oslo and Akershus County in 1994 versus 2012.
• Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Labberton, Angela Susan; Thommessen, Bente; Rønning, Ole M.; Dahl, Fredrik Andreas & Barra, Mathias (2017). THE BURDEN OF STROKE MIMICS - THE PRESENT AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS.
• Barra, Mathias; Rand, Kim; Faiz, Kashif Waqar; Viana, Joe & Dahl, Fredrik Andreas (2017). Survival of the fittest? Frailty modelling of stroke incidence.
• Barra, Mathias & Solberg, Carl Tollef (2016). The Disvalue of Death in the Global Burden of Disease.
• Melberg, Hans Olav; Aas, Eline; Hjort, Ingrid; Vorland, lars; Barra, Mathias & Husbyn, Hallstein [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Perspektiv og prioriteringer: Rapport fra ekspertgruppen perspektiv i prioritering nedsatt av Helse- og omsorgdepartementet. Helse- og omsorgdepartementet.
• Barra, Mathias; Juth, Niklas; Solberg, Carl Tollef & Jølstad, Odd Borgar (2024). A Publicly Informed Objective Theory of Illness Severity. Universitetet i Oslo . ISSN 978-82-348-0374-1.

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