Ragnheidur Bragadottir

• Rustad, Cecilie Fremstad; Lippe, Charlotte von der; Nordgarden, Hilde; Miller, Jeanette; Weedon-Fekjær, Mina Susanne & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Health‐Related Quality of Life, Everyday Executive Functioning, and Eating Behavior in Adults With Bardet–Biedl Syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. ISSN 1552-4825. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.70197. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic condition with a broad phenotypic spectrum. Knowledge about quality of life, executive functioning, and eating behavior in adults with BBS remains limited. This study aimed to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), everyday executive functioning, and eating behavior in adults with BBS and examine associations among these domains. Thirty adults with BBS (50% male, aged 20–69 years) participated in a cross‐sectional study. HRQoL was measured using the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), everyday executive functioning with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult Version (BRIEF‐A), and eating behavior with the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ‐R21). Compared with the general population, adults with BBS scored significantly lower on the Physical Functioning, General Health, and Social Function subscales of the SF‐36, and 17% of participants fell within the clinically impaired range on the Physical Component Summary. While median BRIEF‐A T ‐scores on subscales were within normative ranges, 7%–13% of participants exhibited BRIEF‐A indices scores in the clinically impaired ranges, all of whom had recent depression and reported significant poorer executive difficulties. On the TFEQ‐R21, the average cognitive restraint scale showed the highest score. Adults with BBS reported reduced HRQoL in the domains of physical functioning, general health, and social function compared to the general population. Additionally, a small subgroup with recent depression appeared to account for the observed everyday executive difficulties, suggesting that these may be concentrated in those with comorbid depression. This emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary follow‐up of individuals with BBS, including focus on everyday executive functioning and eating behavior in addition to medical and psychosocial care. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT05400278

• Sæther, Erlend; Bertelsen, Geir; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Holtan, Josephine Prener (2026). Clinical and genetic characterization of BEST1-associated retinal dystrophies in the Norwegian population. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. doi: 10.1111/aos.70065. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose BEST1 variants are the third leading cause of inherited retinal dystrophies in Norway. The purpose of this study was to describe the BEST1-associated retinal dystrophy (BEST1-RD) population genetically and clinically, and to determine the prevalence of BEST1-RD in Southern and Eastern Norway. Methods This registry-based study used the Oslo University Hospital Inherited Retinal Disease registry for genetic data and extracted clinical data from medical records. Results Sixty patients were included. The prevalence of BEST1-RD in Southern and Eastern Norway was between 1:64 600 and 1:43 700. Forty-one patients were diagnosed with Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD), 15 with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) and 4 with autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy (ADVIRC). The two most common genotypes were c.403G>A and c.89A>G. These variants were associated with BVMD and a later age of onset compared with other BVMD-associated genotypes. Conclusion The prevalence of BEST1-RD in Southern and Eastern Norway was between 1:64 600 and 1:43 700. BVMD patients carrying c.403G>A or c.89A>G had a later age of onset than BVMD patients carrying other variants.

• Rustad, Cecilie F.; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Tveten, Kristian; Nordgarden, Hilde; Miller, Jeanette & Åsten, Pamela Marika [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Clinical and genetic aspects of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in adults in Norway. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 20(1), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s13023-025-03641-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare nonmotile ciliopathy characterized by retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, genital anomalies, renal dysfunction, and learning difficulties. The objectives were to describe the retinal, oral, and metabolic characteristics relevant to adults with BBS as well as the prevalence of genetic variants. Methods A cross-sectional study of 30 adults with BBS (15 males, 15 females, mean age 39.8±13.6 years) was recruited from a single centre for rare disorders in Norway. Participants attended a one day hospital visit including medical (blood pressure, body mass index), ophthalmological and oral examinations. Blood samples were collected and genetic analyses were performed. Results Age at diagnosis varied from one year to 30 years. The incidence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus was 82%, 67%, 27%, and 23%, respectively. All had retinitis pigmentosa. Prior to the study, 14 participants (47%) had confirmed extinguished electroretinography. Eleven participants were examined with electroretinography during the study period, and all had extinguished electroretinography. 50% perceived light, 23% saw hand motion, and one participant did not perceive light. Oral anomalies were identified in 77% of the participants, including abnormal palates (58%), crowded teeth (50%), and small teeth (60%). A genetic cause was identified in all participants, most commonly in BBS1 (n=11) and BBS10 (n=9). Other variants were found in BBS5, BBS7, BBS9, and MKKS. In addition to exon-located variants, a novel deep intronic variant causing mis-splicing was identified in BBS7. Conclusions A multidisciplinary examination is important for proper management of BBS. The genotype and phenotype of this sample were heterogeneous, including kidney failure, genital anomalies and obesity. Genome sequencing increased the likelihood of identifying the genetic cause. In BBS populations, the patients will benefit from testing or reanalysis, preferably with genome sequencing, including searching for deep intronic variants.

• Dziedzic, Krystian Andrzej; Confalonieri, Filippo; Petrovski, Beata Eva; Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Borjan, Ivan [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Outcomes of subretinal macular hemorrhage treatment: a 7-year retrospective cohort study at Oslo University Hospital. International Journal of Retina and Vitreous (IJRV). 11(1). doi: 10.1186/s40942-025-00749-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose Subretinal macular hemorrhage (SRMH) is a vision-threatening condition with no consensus on optimal treatment. This study evaluated the outcomes of five treatment modalities and their correlation with patient characteristics and optical coherence tomography findings. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 120 SRMH patients treated at Oslo University Hospital between October 24, 2015, and December 27, 2022. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed before and 1-month after treatment. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of treatment timing, hemorrhage size, and different therapeutic interventions on visual outcomes. Results Early intervention, particularly within 7 days of symptom onset, was associated with better median BCVA 1-month post-surgery. A 14-day cut-off showed no benefit. Patients with smaller hemorrhages (< 4500 μm) had significantly higher BCVA before treatment, but no statistical difference was observed 1-month after treatment. Combination therapies, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas and tPA with SF6 gas plus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), resulted in significantly improved visual outcomes 1-month post-surgery, but no intervention outperformed others at the 1-month endpoint. Conclusions Early intervention, particularly within 7 days of symptom onset, may improve visual outcomes in SRMH. Combined therapies involving tPA, gas and anti-VEGF appear to be more effective. Further studies with extended follow-up are needed to establish definitive treatment guidelines.

• Eriksen, Kathrine Olaussen; Eidet, Jon Roger; Kjellström, Ulrika; Baldesi, Jacopo; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Colombo, Leonardo [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Characterising PRPF31-associated retinal dystrophy: Clinical insights from baseline data in a natural history study. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. doi: 10.1111/aos.70005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study confirms phenotypic variability in PRPF31-RD and expands the spectrum with pericentral RD. The feasibility of structural and functional assessments depended on disease stage, with scotopic cyan MP limited to eyes with preserved HAR and EZ.

• Georgiou, Michalis; Fujinami, Kaoru; Fujinami-Yokokawa, Yu; Nasser, Fadi; Gale, Michael J. & Ayuso, Carmen [Vis alle 31 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Natural History of Autosomal Recessive IMPG2-Associated Retinal Dystrophy. American Journal of Ophthalmology. ISSN 0002-9394. 278, s. 73–80. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.05.044. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rustad, Cecilie F.; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Nordgarden, Hilde; Miller, Jeanette; Weedon-Fekjær, Mina Susanne & Arfa, Shahrzad [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Healthcare needs, care use and health status outcomes in adults with Bardet-Biedl syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Norway. BMJ Open. 15(4). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095986. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives This study aimed to determine healthcare needs and care use (provision of healthcare) in adults with Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) and the associations between care use and physical functioning, health status outcomes and distress. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Outpatient hospital visits. Participants 30 adults with BBS were included (50% women, aged 20–69 years) and assessed with the Needs and Provision Complexity Scale, Short Physical Performance Battery, EuroQoL five dimensions with five severity levels (EQ-5D-5L) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results The majority (80%) received disability benefits, 93% were overweight or obese and all had retinal dystrophy. Unmet needs (needs-gets) were found within the domains of rehabilitation (83%), social and family support (63%), healthcare (50%), personal care (47%) and the environment (40%). Significant correlations were observed between care use (gets) and worse physical performance (τ=−0.34, p<0.05), more problems with self-care (τ=0.47, p<0.01) and more problems with usual activities (τ=0.41, p=0.01). Compared with those in the general population, adults with BBS reported significantly more problems (EQ-5D-5L) with mobility, self-care, and usual activities (all p<0.001). Conclusions Most adults with BBS have unmet physical, social and medical needs, with the majority having unmet rehabilitation needs that require special attention. Physical mobility and usual activities were correlated with the provision of healthcare. The complexity of BBS requires a multidisciplinary approach that focuses not only on the medical follow-up of the condition but also on healthcare needs for functional mobility and social care.

• Aslaksen, Sigrid; Aukrust, Ingvild; Molday, Laurie; Holtan, Josephine Prener; Jansson, Ragnhild Wivestad & Berland, Siren [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Functional Characterization of ABCA4 Missense Variants Aids Variant Interpretation and Phenotype Prediction in Patients With ABCA4-Retinal Dystrophies. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. 65(10), s. 2–2. doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Biallelic pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA4 are the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). Interpretation of ABCA4 variants is challenging, due to cis-modifying and hypomorphic variants. We have previously detected 10 missense variants of unknown significance (VUS) in patients with suspected ABCA4-retinal dystrophies (ABCA4-RDs) in Norway. In this study, we functionally characterized the VUS to aid interpretation of the variants and to determine if they are associated with the disease. Methods: The ABCA4 VUS were expressed in HEK293T cells and the ABCA4 expression level and ATPase activity were determined and correlated with the patients’ phenotype. The functional data further used for reclassification of the VUS following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results: Of the 10 VUSs, 2 variants, Cys205Phe and Asn415Thr, were categorized as functionally severe. The age at presentation in the 2 patients carrying these variants was divergent and seemed to be driven by the patients’ second pathogenic variants Gly1961Glu and c.5461-10T>C, respectively. Three variants, Val643Gly, Pro799Leu, and Val1433Ile were categorized as functionally moderate, and were found in patients with intermediate/late age at presentation. The remaining five variants were categorized as functionally normal/mild. Based on our data, c.614G>T p.(Cys205Phe), c.1244A>C p.(Asn415Thr), and c.2396C>T p.(Pro799Leu) were reclassified to (likely) pathogenic, while 4 of the functionally normal/mild variants could be reclassified to likely benign. Conclusions: Functional analyses of ABCA4 variants are a helpful tool in variant classification and enable us to better predict the disease severity in patients with ABCA4-RDs.

• Pedersen, Hilde Røgeberg; Gilson, Stuart; Hagen, Lene Aarvelta; Holtan, Josephine Prener; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Baraas, Rigmor C. (2024). Multimodal in-vivo maps as a tool to characterize retinal structural biomarkers for progression in adult-onset Stargardt disease. Frontiers in Ophthalmology. 4, s. 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1384473. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To characterize retinal structural biomarkers for progression in adult-onset Stargardt disease from multimodal retinal imaging in-vivo maps. Methods: Seven adult patients (29–69 years; 3 males) with genetically-confirmed and clinically diagnosed adult-onset Stargardt disease and age-matched healthy controls were imaged with confocal and non-confocal Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus infrared (FIR), short wavelength-autofluorescence (FAF) and color fundus photography (CFP). Images from each modality were scaled for differences in lateral magnification before montages of AOSLO images were aligned with en-face FIR, FAF and OCT scans to explore changes in retinal structure across imaging modalities. Photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, flecks, and other retinal alterations in macular regions were identified, delineated, and correlated across imaging modalities. Retinal layer-thicknesses were extracted from segmented OCT images in areas of normal appearance on clinical imaging and intact outer retinal structure on OCT. Eccentricity dependency in cell density was compared with retinal thickness and outer retinal layer thickness, evaluated across patients, and compared with data from healthy controls. Results: In patients with Stargardt disease, alterations in retinal structure were visible in different image modalities depending on layer location and structural properties. The patients had highly variable foveal structure, associated with equally variable visual acuity (-0.02 to 0.98 logMAR). Cone and rod photoreceptors, as well as RPE-like structures in some areas, could be quantified on non-confocal split-detection AOSLO images. RPE cells were also visible on dark field AOSLO images close to the foveal center. Hypo-reflective gaps of non-waveguiding cones (dark cones) were seen on confocal AOSLO in regions with clinically normal CFP, FIR, FAF and OCT appearance and an intact cone inner segment mosaic in three patients. Conclusion: Dark cones were identified as a possible first sign of retinal disease progression in adult-onset Stargardt disease as these are observed in retinal locations with otherwise normal appearance and outer retinal thickness. This corroborates a previous report where dark cones were proposed as a first sign of progression in childhood-onset Stargardt disease. This also supports the hypothesis that, in Stargardt disease, photoreceptor degeneration occurs before RPE cell death.

• Confalonieri, Filippo; Josifovska, Natasha; Lemonche, Gerard Boix; Stene-Johansen, Ingar; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Lumi, Xhevat [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Vitreous Substitutes from Bench to the Operating Room in a Translational Approach: Review and Future Endeavors in Vitreoretinal Surgery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. ISSN 1661-6596. 24(4). doi: 10.3390/ijms24043342. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Vitreous substitutes are indispensable tools in vitreoretinal surgery. The two crucial functions of these substitutes are their ability to displace intravitreal fluid from the retinal surface and to allow the retina to adhere to the retinal pigment epithelium. Today, vitreoretinal surgeons can choose among a plethora of vitreous tamponades, and the tamponade of choice might be difficult to determine in the ever-expanding range of possibilities for a favorable outcome. The currently available vitreous substitutes have disadvantages that need to be addressed to improve the surgical outcome achievable today. Herein, the fundamental physical and chemical proprieties of all vitreous substitutes are reported, and their use and clinical applications are described alongside some surgical techniques of intra-operative manipulation. The major upcoming developments in vitreous substitutes are extensively discussed, keeping a translational perspective throughout. Conclusions on future perspectives are derived through an in-depth analysis of what is lacking today in terms of desired outcomes and biomaterials technology.

• Confalonieri, Filippo; Haave, Hanna; Binder, Susanne; Bober, Agnieszka Monika; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Bærland, Thomas Pedersen [Vis alle 40 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Macular hole Delphi consensus statement (MHOST). Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 101, s. 815–825. doi: 10.1111/aos.15682. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose To derive a Delphi method-based consensus for the surgical management of Full Thickness Macular Hole (FTMH) and Lamellar Macular Hole (LMH). Methods 37 expert VR surgeons from 21 mainly European countries participated in Delphi method-based questionnaire for diagnosis and treatment of FTMHs and LMHs. Results A total of 36 items were rated in round 1 by 37 participants, of which 10 items achieved consensus: intraoperative verification of PVD; clinical superiority of OCT-based FTMH classification; practical ineffectiveness of ocriplasmin; circular 360° ILM peeling for small macular holes; use of regular surgical technique for the size of the hole in concomitant retinal detachment; performing complete vitrectomy; SF6 gas as preferred tamponade; cataract surgery if crystalline lens is mildly/moderately opaque; removal of both ILM and LHEP in LMH surgery. In round 2, 18 items with moderate consensus (45-70% agreement) in round 1 were rated by 35 participants. Final consensus was reached in 35% of questions related to both diagnosis and surgical procedures. Conclusions This Delphi study provides valuable information about the consensus/disagreement on different scenarios encountered during FTMH and LMH management as a guide tosurgical decision-making. High rate of disagreement and/or variable approaches still exist for treating such relatively common conditions.

• Reitan, Gudrun; Haugen, Inga Britt Kjellevold; Andersen, Kristoffer Alvern; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Bindesbøll, Christian (2023). Through the Eyes of Patients: Understanding Treatment Burden of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections for nAMD Patients in Norway. Clinical Ophthalmology. ISSN 1177-5467. 17, s. 1465–1474. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S409103. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are treated with frequent intravitreal injections to maintain vision. The treatment frequency impacts the life of patients and caregivers and poses a major capacity challenge for Norwegian ophthalmic clinics. The purpose of this survey was to document patient-reported outcomes on how the disease and the treatment impact nAMD patients in Norway. Methods: Norwegian nAMD patients voluntarily completed the survey. The patients reported the time spent on each treatment appointment, the need for caregiver support, treatment intervals, and the emotional impact of the treatment. There was no active selection of patients to the survey. Respondents had to confirm the nAMD diagnosis prior to submitting the response. All data was included in the analysis as submitted by the respondents. This survey was market research involving anonymous patient data, and no participants were identifiable. Results: In total, 130 patients responded to the survey. The majority of patients reported to receive nine or more injections per year (48.8%), and many patients needed caregiver support for every treatment appointment (37.7%). Patients reported to be anxious one day (25.4%), two days (8.5%), one week (10.8%) or more than one week (3.1%) prior to treatment. The week before the treatment, 33.1% of patients reported to be stressed and 15.4% struggled to sleep. The majority of patients reported the treatment as uncomfortable (54.6%) or as somewhat painful (26.2%). The results on yearly number of injections, time used each treatment day and need for caregiver support suggested a variation between Norwegian hospital regions. Conclusions: This survey uncovers how treatment with intravitreal injections represents a substantial burden for Norwegian patients with nAMD. Future research on how the treatment burden impacts nAMD patients may lead to more patient-centered care and help guide treatment decisions. New treatments with longer intervals between injections are likely to both reduce the treatment burden and improve capacity in ophthalmology clinics.

• Blom, Kathrine; Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes; Faber, Rowan Thomas; Stene-Johansen, Ingar; Holberg-Petersen, Mona & Hermansen, Nils Olav [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Primary vitrectomy or intravitreal antibiotics followed by early vitrectomy for acute endophthalmitis: A prospective observational study. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 101(1), s. 100–108. doi: 10.1111/aos.15207. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background/aims To compare outcomes of acute endophthalmitis (EO) managed with either primary vitrectomy (PV) or primary intravitreal antibiotics (vancomycin and ceftazidime) followed by early vitrectomy (PIAEV) combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics. Methods This was a prospective, comparative observational study of acute EO cases admitted to a regional vitreoretinal service over 18 months. Depending on whether immediate vitrectomy (within 6 h) was achievable, the EO cases were treated with either (1) PV or (2) PIAEV. Microbiology samples were collected either (A) before or (B) after administration of intravitreal antibiotics. The samples were analysed with broad-range 16S PCR and culture. Results The study included 41 EO cases. There were 19 post-injection EO, 18 post-cataract EO, three post-vitrectomy EO, and one blebitis-related EO. Fifteen of 19 PV cases and 15 of 21 PIAEV had a clinically meaningful improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of at least 15 letters at 3 months (p = 0.58). One patient was lost to follow-up. Twenty-three cases were culture- and PCR-positive, and seven additional cases were culture-negative but PCR-positive (p = 0.02). PCR increased the diagnostic yield for samples collected both before and after administration of intravitreal antibiotics. Conclusion Primary vitrectomy or PIAEV allowed for vitrectomy for all cases of acute EO in a large region. Most eyes in both groups achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in BCVA. By combining culture with PCR in connection with the vitrectomy procedure, intravitreal antibiotics could be injected before microbiological sampling, thereby improving the door-to-treatment time without sacrificing microbial identification.

• Confalonieri, Filippo; Haave, Hanna; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Stene-Johansen, Ingar; Lumi, Xhevat & Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography in the Management of Macular Holes: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines. 10(11), s. 1–24. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10112873. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Non-invasive diagnostic technologies in ophthalmology have substantially transformed contemporary clinical practice. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) systems have recently been used for various surgical interventions, including the treatment of full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs). Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review on the use of iOCT and its possible benefits in the management of FTMHs, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). The level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEM) 2011 guidelines, and the quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, were assessed for all included articles. Results: 1131 articles were initially extracted, out of which 694 articles were obtained after duplicates were removed and their abstracts screened. A total of 65 articles was included for full-text review. Finally, 17 articles remained that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Even though there is just a small number of studies with solid results, the use of iOCT in FTMH surgery may be a helpful tool for both novice and experienced surgeons planning and managing difficult cases. Additionally, it could be used for teaching reasons and for exploring novel surgical techniques.

• Hertzberg, Silvia Nanjala Walekhwa; Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes; Petrovski, Beata Eva; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Steffensen, Leif Arthur & Moe, Morten Carsten [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Transition from Laser to Intravitreal Injections for Diabetic Retinopathy: Hospital Utilization and Costs from an Extended Healthcare Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(19), s. 1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912603. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To describe the trends in hospital utilization and economic outcomes associated with the transition from laser to intravitreal injection (IVI) therapy for diabetic retinopathy (DR) at Oslo University Hospital (OUH), which provides the largest retina service in Norway. Methods: This descriptive study analyzed hospital administrative data and determined the average utilization and treatment proportions of laser therapy, IVIs and vitrectomy for each patient per year. The Chi-square test was used to compare resource use between treatment groups. From an extended healthcare perspective, the annual cost per patient was calculated using Norwegian tariff data from 2020 and the National Medication Price Registry for patients seen between 2010 and 2018. Bootstrapping was performed to generate 95% confidence intervals for the cost per patient per year. Results: Among the 1838 (41% female) patients treated for DR between 2005 and 2018, OUH provided on average 1.09 laser treatments per DR patient and 0.54 vitrectomies per DR patient in 2005, whose utilization declined to 0.54 and 0.05 treatments per DR patient, respectively, by 2018. Laser treatments declined from 64% to 10%, while vitrectomies declined from 32% to 1%. In contrast, IVI treatments increased from 4.5% to 89% of the total share, representing an average increase, from 0.08 injections per patient in 2005 to 4.73 injections per patient in 2018. Both the increasing number of DR patients and the shift in the type of treatment increased the economic costs of treating DR from a total of EUR 0.605 million (EUR 2935 per patient) in 2010 to EUR 2.240 million (EUR 3665 per patient) in 2018, with IVIs contributing considerably to these costs. Conclusions: Despite the decline in the use of vitrectomies, the transition from laser to IVI therapy for DR increased the healthcare resource utilization and economic costs of its treatment over the observed time. A main cost driver was the need for long-term IVIs, in addition to the drug cost itself. Trade-offs can be achieved through effective alternative IVI delivery or appropriate drug choice that balances patient needs with the economic burden of treating DR.

• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Bjørnsson, Helgi David; Vitelli, Valeria; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Moe, Morten Carsten & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2022). Autofluorescence Imaging in the Long-Term Follow-Up of Scleral Buckling Surgery for Retinal Detachment. Journal of Ophthalmology. ISSN 2090-004X. 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/2119439. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose. To analyse fundus autofluorescence (AF) changes in retinal reattachment following primary scleral buckling (SB) surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods. Prospective noninterventional chart review study. AF images were reviewed for peripheral and central changes and compared to clinical and OCT findings. Results. A total of 73 eyes from 69 patients were included, four presenting with bilateral RRD. Mean age was 55 ± 12 years, male/female ratio 40/29, fovea-on/-off RRD 43/30, and mean follow-up time 376 ± 270 days, with a mean of 5 ± 3 postoperative visits. Preoperatively, RRD was seen as a hypofluorescent area with a hyperfluorescent leading edge. Immediately postoperatively, three types of cryopexy could be differentiated, gradually transforming to scleral hyperfluorescence. Buckle tightening produced alternating hyper-/hypofluorescent streaks, and demarcation lines showed a persistent rugged hyperfluorescent signal. Choroidal detachment led to transient hypofluorescence, whereas vortex vein compression induced persistent hypofluorescence. Peripheral retinal folds were hyperfluorescent and the drainage site was hypofluorescent. AF was highly sensitive in detecting even small amounts of hyperfluorescent persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) that showed a slow resolution during follow-up. A granular “salt-and-pepper-” like pattern in the central macula was seen in 80% of eyes with fovea-off RRD and alternating streaks in 10%. Findings from OCT imaging correlated well with AF regarding SRF, macular oedema, retinal pigment epithelial detachment, and presence of a subretinal scar, but only moderately in epiretinal membrane formation and choroidal folds. Conclusions. AF is a useful, noninvasive, adjuvant tool in the long-term follow-up after SB surgery.

• Husum, Yngvil Solheim; Moe, Morten Carstens; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes (2021). Switching to aflibercept versus continuing bevacizumab for treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a one-year comparative observational study. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 99(8), s. 1–6. doi: 10.1111/aos.14825. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose To compare outcomes of a treatment algorithm that allows for switching treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes to aflibercept with continuing bevacizumab. Methods Retrospective study of nAMD patients who initiated treatment in 2012 (aflibercept unavailable) and 2018 (aflibercept available). Eyes were included in the case of residual macular fluid after a minimum of 4 monthly bevacizumab injections. Only eyes in the 2018 group could then switch to aflibercept. Results The study included 40 eyes from 2012 and 88 eyes from 2018. Patient characteristics were similar across the groups at baseline and 4 months. In 2018, 59 eyes (67%) were switched to aflibercept after 4 months. Mean change in BCVA from 4 months to one year was +2.8 letters in 2018 versus −1.7 letters in 2012 (p = 0.043). Mean change in BCVA from baseline to one year was +9.4 letters in 2018 (p < 0.001) and +4.4 letters in 2012 (p = 0.073). Mean change in CRT from 4 months to one year was −36 µm in 2018 versus −23 µm in 2012 (p = 0.373). Mean change in CRT from baseline to one year was −100 µm in 2018 (p < 0.001) and −75 µm in 2012 (p < 0.001). Mean number of injections given in one year was 11.8 in 2018 versus 10.4 in 2012 (p < 0.001). After one year, a majority of eyes in both groups still received treatment at 4-week intervals. Conclusion The study suggests that the possibility of switching eyes with treatment-resistant nAMD to aflibercept leads to a modest visual benefit compared with continuing first-line bevacizumab therapy.

• Jolly, Jasleen K.; Wagner, Siegfried K.; Martus, Peter; MacLaren, Robert E.; Wilhelm, Barbara & Webster, Andrew R. [Vis alle 22 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Transcorneal electrical stimulation for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa: A multicenter safety study of the OkuStim® System (TESOLA-Study). Ophthalmic Research. ISSN 0030-3747. 63(3), s. 234–243. doi: 10.1159/000505001. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hertzberg, Silvia Nanjala Walekhwa; Veiby, Nina; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Eriksen, Ketil; Moe, Morten Carsten & Petrovski, Beata [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Cost-effectiveness of the triple procedure – phacovitrectomy with posterior capsulotomy compared to phacovitrectomy and sequential procedures. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 98(6), s. 592–602. doi: 10.1111/aos.14367. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the triple procedure (phacovitrectomy + posterior capsulotomy, PhacoPPVc) compared to the double‐ (phacovitrectomy, PhacoPPV) or single sequential procedures. Methods Prospective study on 31 eyes from 31 patients (mean age: 72.1 ± 9.1 years; 55% females) was performed with a preoperative decision to undergo only pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (26%) or PhacoPPV (74%) and/or posterior capsulotomy based upon presence or absence of lens opacification or pseudophakia. Time during and between surgeries, surgical procedure codes, medical and transport costs, outcome and likelihood of complications after surgery were all included in the analysis. Societal perspectives and visual acuity were considered as measures of quality of adjusted life years (QALYs). Results About 23 eyes underwent triple procedure and eight eyes underwent vitrectomy only (mean surgery times: 35.9 and 24.0 min, respectively). Posterior capsulotomy took on average 30 s, while preparation and cataract procedure took 13.0 min. The patients travelled on average 80km (average cost: $280.12) to the surgery unit. The average reimbursement fee for the day procedures ranged between $174.17 (YAG capsulotomy; Diagnosis Related Group (DRG): 0.034), $1045.48 (Phaco + intraocular lens (IOL); DRG: 0.204) and $1701.32 (PPV; DRG: 0.332). The combined procedures excluded lens and laser reimbursements, while the calculated reimbursements for the double/triple procedures were $2713.08/$2901.45, respectively, without significant loss of QALYs. PhacoPPVc was found to be unequivocally cost‐effective, while PhacoPPV remained cost saving compared to sequential procedures. Conclusion This study confirms that the triple procedure has benefits to the patients, health institution and surgeon. For patients, it saves them travel and healing time; for health institution, it justifies the calculated higher costs and need for higher reimbursement for the double/triple procedures, which are cost saving.

• Holtan, Josephine Prener; Aukrust, Ingvild; Jansson, Ragnhild Wivestad; Berland, Siren; Bruland, Ove & Gjerde, Birgitt Løkhaug [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Clinical features and molecular genetics of patients with ABCA4-retinal dystrophies. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. s. 1–14. doi: 10.1111/aos.14679. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Navaratnam, Jesintha; Salvanos, Panagiotis; Vavvas, Demetrios G. & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2020). Ultra-widefield autofluorescence imaging findings in retinoschisis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and combined retinoschisis retinal detachment. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. doi: 10.1111/aos.14521. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Blom, Kathrine; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Sivertsen, Magne S.; Moe, Morten Carsten & Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes (2020). Does pharmaceutical compounding of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for intravitreal use alter the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis? Ocular immunology and inflammation. ISSN 0927-3948. s. 1–5. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1820530. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose To investigate the safety of pharmaceutically compounded syringes for intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs. Methods Single center, retrospective chart review. From 2015 to 2019, Oslo University Hospital, Norway gradually implemented pharmaceutical compounding and splitting of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept vials into multiple prefilled syringes for intravitreal use. Medical records of all post-injection endophthalmitis (PIE) cases in this 5-year period were reviewed. The incidences of PIE associated with compounded and clinician-withdrawn syringes were compared. Results In 5 years, the total number of anti-VEGF injections was 112,926; 68,150 procedures (60%) utilized compounded syringes, and 44,776 procedures (40%) utilized clinician-withdrawn syringes. A total of 11 PIE cases were identified (incidence 0.10 per 1000; 95% CI 0.05–0.17). Five PIE cases were associated with compounded syringes (incidence 0.07 per 1000; 95% CI 0.03–0.17); 3 of these were culture positive. Six PIE cases were associated with clinician-withdrawn syringes (incidence 0.13 per 1000; 95% CI 0.06–0.29); 2 of these were culture positive. The relative risk of PIE following procedures utilizing compounded versus clinician-withdrawn syringes was 0.55 (95% CI 0.17–1.79; p = 0.32). Conclusion Use of compounded anti-VEGF drugs in a large clinical setting was not associated with an altered risk of PIE. The finding adds to the evidence that splitting of vials into prefilled syringes for intravitreal injections is safe, provided that an appropriate pharmaceutical compounding procedure is strictly followed.

• Landsend, Erlend Christoffer Sommer; Pedersen, Hilde Røgeberg; Utheim, Øygunn Aass; Rueegg, Corina Silvia; Baraas, Rigmor C. & Lagali, Neil [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Characteristics and Utility of Fundus Autofluorescence in Congenital Aniridia Using Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. 60(13), s. 4120–4128. doi: 10.1167/iovs.19-26994. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To investigate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and other fundus manifestations in congenital aniridia. Methods: Fourteen patients with congenital aniridia and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were examined. FAF images were obtained with an ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope. FAF intensity was quantified in the macular fovea and in a macular ring surrounding fovea and related to an internal reference within each image. All aniridia patients underwent an ophthalmologic examination, including optical coherence tomography and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Results: Mean age was 28.4 ± 15.0 years in both the aniridia and control groups. Fovea could be defined by subjective assessment of FAF images in three aniridia patients (21.4%) and in all controls (P = 0.001). Mean ratio between FAF intensity in the macular ring and fovea was 1.01 ± 0.15 in aniridia versus 1.18 ± 0.09 in controls (P = 0.034). In aniridia, presence of foveal hypoplasia evaluated by biomicroscopy correlated with lack of foveal appearance by subjective analyses of FAF images (P = 0.031) and observation of nystagmus (P = 0.009). Conclusions: Aniridia patients present a lower ratio between FAF intensity in the peripheral and central macula than do healthy individuals. Both subjective and objective analyses of FAF images are useful tools in evaluation of foveal hypoplasia in aniridia.

• Stene-Johansen, Ingar; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Petrovski, Beata & Petrovski, Goran (2019). Macular hole surgery using gas tamponade—an outcome from the oslo retrospective cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 8(5), s. 1–9. doi: 10.3390/jcm8050704. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The study aims to determine the anatomical success and functional outcome of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for macular holes (MH) performed at a single study center using a consistent procedure of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, SF6 tamponade and 3 days face-down positioning. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involving eyes with MHs which underwent 23- or 25-gauge PPV with or without phacoemulsification and all undergoing a 20% SF6 gas tamponade, follow-up to 6 months postoperatively were included at the Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (12-month study period between 1 January and 31 December 2015) Pre- and post-operative Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) assessment, comprehensive eye examination and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. as well as Optical Coherence Tomography to determine the diameter of the MH and its closure were all carried out. Results: 198 consecutive eyes operated for MH (age: 69.4 ± 7.6 years; 1.6:1 female:male ratio) were included; 35.7%/48.6% had symptoms from 3–6/6–48 months; 5.1% had high-grade myopia, 21.5% focal VMT &lt;1500 µm with or without epiretinal membrane (ERM), and 74.0%/26.0% had phakic/pseudophakic status. Primary closure of the MH occurred in 93.3% of the patients. Lens status and length of symptoms showed no significant correlation with closure of the MH. The pre-operative logMAR visual acuity: 0.8 ± 0.3 (median: 0.7; interquartile range (IQR): 0.5–0.8; range: 0.3–1.7), improved significantly post-operatively: 0.4 ± 0.3 (median: 0.3; interquartile range (IQR): 0.1–0.5; range: −0.02–1.2). BCVA improvement of &lt;0.2, 0.2–0.4 and &gt;0.4 was present in 28.3%, 27.3% and 44.4% of the treated patients. No significant median differences could be detected between the duration of the pre-operative symptoms and the pre-/post-operative visual acuity. Increased IOP was measured in 2.6% of the cases day after surgery. Conclusions: Our study found visual outcome not to be dependent upon the length of symptoms in MH patients treated by PPV all undergoing ILM peeling, SF6 tamponade and face-down positioning. The large diameter MH was not a limiting factor to achieve improved post-operative BCVA.

• Blom, Kathrine; Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2019). Endophthalmitis in Oslo, Norway. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. s. 1–5. doi: 10.1111/aos.14028. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Navaratnam, Jesintha; Bærland, Thomas Pedersen; Eide, Nils; Faber, Rowan Thomas; Rekstad, Bernt Louni & Vavvas, Demetrios G [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Fundus Autofluorescence Change as an Early Indicator of Treatment Effect of Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanomas. Ocular Oncology and Pathology. ISSN 2296-4681. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1159/000499403. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Early confirmation of the effect of brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma showing that tumour coverage is valuable. The irradiated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) commonly develops atrophy. This study compares the fundus autofluorescence (AF) changes to the development of RPE atrophy following brachytherapy. Methods: Retrospective study of 19 patients treated with 106Ru and 2 with 125I plaques with either a 3- or 6-month follow-up period. Ultra-widefield (UW) composite colour and AF images were obtained with Optomap 200Tx and interpreted as complete, partial, or no RPE changes and complete or partial hyperautofluorescence, hypoautofluorescence, or isoautofluorescence. Results: At the 3-month follow-up, 9 of 13 patients (69%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.389–0.896) treated with 106Ru plaques developed complete homogenous hyperautofluorescence surrounding the tumour, but only 1 of 13 (8%) (95% CI, 0.004–0.379) developed complete RPE atrophy at the same time point. Six patients in the 106Ru plaque group had their first follow-up with UW imaging at 6 months. Four of them developed homogenous hyperautofluorescence and none developed complete RPE atrophy around the tumour. The 2 patients treated with 125I did not demonstrate any clear RPE or AF changes. Conclusion: The effect of 106Ru plaque treatment on fundus UW imaging is detected as homogenous and well-demarcated hyperautofluorescence before visible RPE atrophy.

• Holtan, Josephine Prener; Teigen, Knut; Aukrust, Ingvild; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Houge, Gunnar (2019). Dominant ARL3-related retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Genetics. ISSN 1381-6810. 40(2), s. 124–128. doi: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1586965. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: To clinically and genetically characterise a second family with dominant ARL3-related retinitis pigmentosa due to a specific ARL3 missense variant, p.(Tyr90Cys). Methods: Clinical examination included optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, and ultra-wide field retinal imaging with autofluorescence. Retrospective data were collected from the registry of inherited retinal diseases at Oslo university hospital. DNA was analysed by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The ARL3 missense variant was visualized in a 3D-protein structure. Results: The phenotype was non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa with cataract associated with early onset of decreased central vision and central retinal thinning. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of a de novo ARL3 missense variant p.(Tyr90Cys) in the index patient and his affected son. We did not find any other cases with rare ARL3 variants in a cohort of 431 patients with retinitis pigmentosa-like disease. By visualizing Tyr90 in the 3D protein structure, it seems to play an important role in packing of the α/β structure of ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3 (ARL3). When changing Tyr90 to cysteine, we observe a loss of interactions in the core of the α/β structure that is likely to affect folding and stability of ARL3. Conclusion: Our study confirms that the ARL3 missense variant p.(Tyr90Cys) causes retinitis pigmentosa. In 2016, Strom et al. reported the exact same variant in a mother and two children with RP, labelled ?RP83 in the OMIM database. Now the questionmark can be removed, and ARL3 should be added to the list of genes that may cause non-syndromic dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

• Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes; Steffensen, Leif Arthur; Eriksen, Ketil; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Moe, Morten Carsten (2019). Thirteen years of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: the promises and burdens of a paradigm shift told from the perspective of the largest retina service in Norway. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. s. 1–6. doi: 10.1111/aos.14177. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose To describe the first 13 years of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy from the perspective of a public ophthalmic department serving a local community of almost one million people. Methods Retrospective registry study. Data from Oslo University Hospital, Norway were collected from 2006 through 2018. Hospital episode statistics were searched for episodes of care encompassing intravitreal anti‐VEGF procedures. Patient‐specific ID numbers, diagnoses, and drug codes were registered. In general, bevacizumab was used as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013. Results The number of unique patients treated per year increased from 130 in 2006 to 3428 in 2018. In 2018, 2488 (73%) patients had also received treatment the previous year. The number of yearly injections increased from 228 in 2006 to 25 570 in 2018. In 2018 the diagnosis macular degeneration constituted 69% of injections, diabetic retinopathy constituted 15%, retinal vein occlusion constituted 13%, and other diagnoses constituted 3%. In the same year 49% of injections were with bevacizumab, 46% with aflibercept, 4% with ranibizumab, and 1% with dexamethasone implants. The bevacizumab to aflibercept ratio was almost 1:1 for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy; for retinal vein occlusion the ratio was 13:7. Conclusion In 13 years there was an approximately 100‐fold increase in the number of yearly intravitreal injections. A majority of patients received long‐term treatment. Macular degeneration was the most common diagnosis. Using bevacizumab as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013, eventually resulted in a nearly 1:1 ratio in drug usage.

• Holtan, Josephine Prener; Selmer, Kaja Kristine; Heimdal, Ketil Riddervold & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2019). Inherited retinal disease in Norway - a characterization of current clinical and genetic knowledge. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. s. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/aos.14218. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize current clinical and genetic knowledge of patients with inherited retinal disease in Norway and give an estimate of the prevalence. These data are necessary to identify patients eligible for new personalized medicines, to facilitate genetic counselling for their families and to plan clinical follow‐up. Methods A patient registry including clinical and genetic data was established. Clinical data were retrieved during 2003–2018. Genetic testing was performed in the period 2007–2018. Results The material included 866 patients with 41 clinical diagnoses at the cut‐off date. The most prevalent diseases were as follows: retinitis pigmentosa (54%), Stargardt macular dystrophy (6.5%) and Leber congenital amaurosis (5.2%). A genetic diagnosis was identified in 32% of patients. In total, 207 disease‐causing variants in 56 genes were reported. The most commonly reported disease‐causing genes were ABCA4, USH2A and BEST1. The estimated adjusted minimum prevalence of inherited retinal disease in the south‐east region of Norway was 1: 3,856 (2.6/10 000). Conclusion This population‐based study demonstrated an estimated prevalence for all inherited retinal diseases in south‐east Norway and described the distribution of clinical diagnoses, onset of symptoms, inheritance patterns and genetic data and thereby expands our knowledge of inherited retinal disease in Norway. The newly established registry and biobank will support patient feasibility for future clinical trials, treatment selection and counselling of families.

• Navaratnam, Jesintha; Dedi, Lumnije; Tjølsen, Andreas Myklebust & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2018). Identification of Dietzia Species in a Patient with Endophthalmitis following Penetrating Injury with Retained Intraocular Metallic Foreign Body. Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. ISSN 2090-6625. 2018. doi: 10.1155/2018/3027846. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of Dietzia species in a patient with endophthalmitis. A 47-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology department with decreased vision, redness, and minimal pain in his right eye after a foreign body struck his eye following working using a hammer and chisel. Broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid-(rRNA-) encoding gene on an undiluted vitreous sample revealed 100% identity with GenBank sequences of Dietzia species including D. natronolimnaea, D. dagingensis, and D. cercidiphylli. The culture of the vitreous samples demonstrated the growth of Gram-positive cocci and polymorphic rods. The isolate from the culture was identified as D. natronolimnaea using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The combination of surgical and medical treatment (pars plana vitrectomy and systemic and topical antibiotics) eradicated the infection successfully.

• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Moe, Morten Carsten; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Kerty, Emilia (2018). Ultra-wide-field fundus imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of susac syndrome. Retinal cases & brief reports. ISSN 1935-1089. 12(3), s. 234–239. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000470. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Karina Birgitta; Roald, Anca Beatrice; Navaratnam, Jesintha & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2017). An 8-year follow-up of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment with a treat-and-extend modality for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 95(8), s. 796–802. doi: 10.1111/aos.13522. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugstad, Marta; Moosmeyer, Stefan & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2017). Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ? surgical methods and anatomical outcome. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 95(3), s. 247–251. doi: 10.1111/aos.13295. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Maguire, Maureen G.; Shaffer, James; Ying, Gui-shuang; Chakravarthy, Usha; Berg, Karina & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Serious Adverse Events with Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data. Ophthalmology Retina. ISSN 2468-7219. 1(5), s. 375–381. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2016.12.015. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Karina Birgitta; Hadzalic, Emina; Gjertsen, Inger Karine; Forsaa, Vegard; Berger, Lars Haakon & Kinge, Bettina [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Ranibizumab or Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration According to the Lucentis Compared to Avastin Study Treat-and-Extend Protocol: Two-Year Results. Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.). ISSN 0161-6420. 123(1), s. 51–59. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.09.018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Berg, Karina Birgitta; Pedersen, Terje Rolf; Sandvik, Leiv & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2015). Comparison of Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration According to LUCAS Treat-and-Extend protocol. Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.). ISSN 0161-6420. 122(1), s. 146–152. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.041. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Moe, Morten Carsten; Eide, Nils & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2015). Autofluorescence imaging in the differential diagnosis of optic disc melanocytoma. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 93(5), s. 476–480. doi: 10.1111/aos.12725. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Narfström, Kristina; Jalomäki, S; Mowat, F; Samardzija, M; Chaudieu, G & Bergström, TF [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Assessment of Novel Pigmentary Retinopathy in the Chinese Crested Dog. JSM Ophthalmology. ISSN 2333-6447. 2(2), s. 1018–1018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Navaratnam, Jesintha; Ma, Jin; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Moe, Morten Carsten (2013). Ultra-widefield autofluorescence imaging in the evaluation of scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment. Retina. ISSN 0275-004X. 33(7), s. 1421–1427. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318283138d. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Selmer, Kaja Kristine; Grønddahl, Jan Robert; Riise, Ruth; Brandal, Kristin; Braaten, Øivind & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Autosomal dominant pericentral retinal dystrophy caused by a novel missense mutation in the TOPORS gene. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 88(3), s. 323–328. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01465.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Seiler, MJ; Aramant, RB; Seeliger, Mathias; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Mahoney, M & Narfstrom, Kristina (2009). Functional and structural assessment of retinal sheet allograft transplantation in feline hereditary retinal degeneration. Veterinary Ophthalmology. ISSN 1463-5216. 12(3), s. 158–169. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00693.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sundling, V; Gulbrandsen, Pål; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Bakketeig, LS; Jervell, J & Straand, Jørund (2008). Suspected retinopathies in Norwegian optometric practice with emphasis on patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research. 8. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-38. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The scope of optometry differs worldwide. In Norway the vast majority of optometrists perform ophthalmoscopy as part of their routine examinations. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of suspected retinopathies in patients seen for routine optometric examination and to determine how optometrists deal with these patients. Methods 212 optometrists participated in a questionnaire survey and a practice registration during November 2004 - May 2005. In the practice registration, details for 20 consecutive patient encounters were recorded. Data were analysed by chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Results All optometrist stated that ocular history taking was an integrated part of their routine examination, while general health and diabetes history were routinely addressed by 59% and 42% of the optometrists, respectively. During the practice registration 4,052 patient encounters were recorded. Ophthalmoscopy was performed in 88% of the patients, of which 2% were dilated fundus examinations. Retinopathy was suspected in 106 patients, of whom 31 did not report a previous history of ocular or systemic disease. Old age (75+), hypertension and diabetes strongly predicted retinopathy with odds ratio (95% CI) of 6.4 (4.2 to 9.9), 3.8 (2.4 to 6.0) and 2.5 (1.4 to 4.7), respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was seen in 10% of diabetic patients and suspected in 0.2% of patients with no established history of diabetes. Retinopathy was not confirmed in 9 out 18 patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy; seven of these had undergone laser treatment. Out of the 106 patients with findings of retinopathy, 28 were referred to an ophthalmologist or a general practitioner (GP), written reports were sent to a GP in 16 cases, ten patients were urged to contact their GP for further follow up, while 52 were considered in need of routine optometric follow up only. Conclusion Optometric practice provides a low threshold setting for detecting cases of ocular disease and retinal manifestations of systemic disease in the population. At present diagnosis of retinopathy in Norwegian optometric practice is unreliable. There are potentials for improving the optometrists' routine examination, their patient management patterns and collaboration routines with medical doctors.

• Sundling, Vibeke; Gulbrandsen, Pål; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Bakketeig, Leiv S; Jervell, Jak & Straand, Jørund (2008). Suspected retinopathies in Norwegian optometric practice with emphasis on patients with diabetes : a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research. 8(38), s. 7–7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The scope of optometry differs worldwide. In Norway the vast majority of optometrists perform ophthalmoscopy as part of their routine examinations. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of suspected retinopathies in patients seen for routine optometric examination and to determine how optometrists deal with these patients. Methods 212 optometrists participated in a questionnaire survey and a practice registration during November 2004 ¿ May 2005. In the practice registration, details for 20 consecutive patient encounters were recorded. Data were analysed by chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Results All optometrist stated that ocular history taking was an integrated part of their routine examination, while general health and diabetes history were routinely addressed by 59% and 42% of the optometrists, respectively. During the practice registration 4,052 patient encounters were recorded. Ophthalmoscopy was performed in 88% of the patients, of which 2% were dilated fundus examinations. Retinopathy was suspected in 106 patients, of whom 31 did not report a previous history of ocular or systemic disease. Old age (75+), hypertension and diabetes strongly predicted retinopathy with odds ratio (95% CI) of 6.4 (4.2 to 9.9), 3.8 (2.4 to 6.0) and 2.5 (1.4 to 4.7), respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was seen in 10% of diabetic patients and suspected in 0.2% of patients with no established history of diabetes. Retinopathy was not confirmed in 9 out 18 patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy; seven of these had undergone laser treatment. Out of the 106 patients with findings of retinopathy, 28 were referred to an ophthalmologist or a general practitioner (GP), written reports were sent to a GP in 16 cases, ten patients were urged to contact their GP for further follow up, while 52 were considered in need of routine optometric follow up only. Conclusion Optometric practice provides a low threshold setting for detecting cases of ocular disease and retinal manifestations of systemic disease in the population. At present diagnosis of retinopathy in Norwegian optometric practice is unreliable. There are potentials for improving the optometrists' routine examination, their patient management patterns and collaboration routines with medical doctors.

• Sundling, Vibeke; Gulbrandsen, Pål; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Bakketeig, Leiv S; Jervell, Jak & Straand, Jørund (2007). Optometric practice in Norway : a cross-sectional nationwide study. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. ISSN 1395-3907. 85(sept.), s. 671–676. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Klassen, Henry; Schwartz, Philip H; Ziaeian, Boback; Nethercott, Hubert; Young, Michael J & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Neural precursors isolated from the developing cat brain show retinal integration following transplantation to the retina of the dystrophic cat. Veterinary Ophthalmology. ISSN 1463-5216. 10(4), s. 245–253. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grøndahl, Jan; Riise, Ruth; Heiberg, Arvid; Leren, Trond P.; Christoffersen, Terje & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2007). Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in Norway. a 20-year clinical follow-up study with molecular genetic analysis. Two novel rhodopsin mutations: 1003delG and I179F. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. ISSN 1395-3907. 85, s. 287–297. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fosmark, Dag Sigurd; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Stene-Johansen, Ingar; Berg, Jens Petter; Lund, Terje & Sandvik, Leiv [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2007). Increased vitreous levels of hydroimidazolone in type 2 diabetes patients are associated with retinopathy: a case-control study. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. ISSN 1395-3907. 85, s. 618–622. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sundling, Vibeke; Gulbrandsen, Pål; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Bakketeig, Leif S.; Jervell, Jak & Straand, Jørund (2007). Optometric practice in Norway - a cross-sectional Nationwide study. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. ISSN 1395-3907. 85, s. 671–676. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00929.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Narfstrom, Kristina; Katz, Martin L; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Ford, Marnie; Redmond, T. Michael & Lai, Chooi-May [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). Partial recovery of retinal function and structure in RPE65 -/- mice and dogs following rAAV-mediated gene therapy. I Redberry, Grace W. (Red.), Trends in Gene Therapy Research. Nova Science publishers Inc.. ISSN 9781594543067. s. 129–145. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Slettedal, JK & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2005). Total iris expulsion through a sutureless cataract incision due to vomiting. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. ISSN 1395-3907. 83. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Pedersen, Hilde Røgeberg; Hagen, Lene Aarvelta; Gilson, Stuart; Holtan, Josephine Prener; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Baraas, Rigmor C. (2023). Assessing retinal structural biomarkers for disease progression in adult-onset Stargardt disease using multimodal retinal imaging. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. 64(8), s. 1052–1052. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hagen, Lene Aarvelta; Kremers, Jan; Pedersen, Hilde Røgeberg; Gilson, Stuart; Holtan, Josephine Prener & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Rod electroretinograms elicited by silent substitution stimuli compared with ISCEV standard full-field ERG. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. 64(8), s. 5413–5413. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Blom, Kathrine; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Sivertsen, Magne S.; Moe, Morten Carsten & Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes (2022). Re: Writing committee for the Post-Injection Endophthalmitis Study Group, et al.: The influence of universal face mask use on endophthalmitis risk after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections (Ophthalmology. 2021;128:1620–1626). Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.). ISSN 0161-6420. 129(5), s. 1620–1626. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.01.017. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Blom, Kathrine; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Sivertsen, Magne S.; Moe, Morten Carsten & Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes (2021). Mask use by patients in the context of COVID-19 can increase the risk of postinjection endophthalmitis. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes; Moe, Morten Carsten; Eriksen, Ketil; Petrovski, Goran & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at the Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway. Acta Ophthalmologica. ISSN 1755-375X. 98(3), s. e388–e389. doi: 10.1111/aos.14426. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Landsend, Erlend Christoffer Sommer; Utheim, Øygunn Aass; Pedersen, Hilde Røgeberg; Baraas, Rigmor C.; Lagali, Neil S. & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Fundus Autofluorescence in Congenital Aniridia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. 59(9), s. 1514–1514. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Berg, Karina Birgitta & Pedersen, Terje Rolf (2016). Reply. Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.). ISSN 0161-6420. 123(2), s. e16–e16. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.034. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Stene-Johansen, Ingar; Moe, Morten Carsten & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2015). Long-term follow-up of bomb explosion injury with fundus autofluorescence imaging. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Stang, Øyvind; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Utheim, Tor Paaske (2015). Ophthalmological Complications after Ball Lightning Injury. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Moe, Morten Carsten; Utheim, Tor Paaske & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2015). Fundus fluorescence in the evaluation of retinal detachement surgery. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Eide, Nils; Moe, Morten Carsten; Utheim, Tor Paaske & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2015). Retinal hemangioma in longstanding retinal detachment. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Øvergaard, Ralf Gunnar; Landsend, E.; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Moe, Morten Carsten & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2015). Retinal detachment from CSF leakage in Morning Glory Syndrome. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Moe, Morten Carsten; Eide, Nils & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2014). Autofluorescence Pattern of Optic Disk Melanocytoma. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Moe, Morten Carsten; Eide, Nils & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2014). Autofluorescence Pattern of Optic Disc Melanocytoma. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. ISSN 0146-0404. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2014). The Clinical Evaluation of the Vitreomacular Interface. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Haugstad, Marta (2014). Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment - Preoperative status, surgical methods and anatomic outcome. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Stene-Johansen, Ingar; Moe, Morten Carsten & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2013). Ophthalmic injury from bom bexplosion- Evaluation with Ultra-Widefield Autofluorescence. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Eide, Nils; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Moe, Morten Carsten (2013). Retinal hemangioma in longstanding retinal detachment. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2013). Gen-behandling i praksis. Lebers kongenital amaurose. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Navaratnam, Jesintha; Ma, J; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Moe, Morten Carsten (2012). Ultra-Widefield autofluorescent imaging in the evaluation of scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Prener, Josephine; Eidet, Jon Roger; Utheim, Tor Paaske & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2012). Ultra-Widefield Retinal Autofluorescence Patterns in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa and Stargardt's Disease. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Narfstrom, Kristina; Yang, J; Lewis, G P; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Luna, G & Fisher, S K [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Development og Müller-like cells after subretinal transplantation of feline red fluorescent retinal progenitors in Abyssinian cat hereditary retinal degeneration. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2010). Om retinitis pigmentosa og forskning på LMBB (Laurence-Moon-Barded-Biedl syndrome). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2010). 23G vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Salvanos, Panagiotis; Berg, Karina Birgitta; Eide, Nils; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Eriksen, Ketil (2010). Ocular tuberculosis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ropstad, Ernst-Otto; Narfström, Kristina; Bjerkås, Ellen & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). Retinal pigment migration in the standard wire haired dachshund with early onset cone-rod dystrophy caused by a mutation in the NPHP4 gene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). Register over pasienter med arvelige netthinnesykdommer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). Presentasjon av kirurgisk netthinneseksjon ved Øyeavdelingen, Oslo Universitets Sykehus. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ropstad, Ernst O; Narfstrom, Kristina; Bjerkås, Ellen & Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). Retinal pigment migration in the Standard Wire Haired Dachshund with early onset cone-rod dystrophy caused by a mutation in the NPHP4 gene. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). Amotiokirurgi i dag. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). 23G vitrectomy in diabetic retinopathy. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). Other Retinal Diseases. The ARVO Congress Newspaper. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2009). Formøte til NOF's årsmøte - Netthinnekirurgi i rask utvikling. Alcons Øyeblikk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Genterapi ved arvelige netthinnesykdommer. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Genterapi. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Retinitis pigmentosa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Indikasjoner for vitreoretinal kirurgi. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Petersen, L B; Balinov, Balin; Healey, A; Karlsen, H & Rasmussen, Henrik (2008). Occult type CNVformation after suprachoroidal growth factor delivery in rabbits. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Referat fra AAO i Atlanta, november 2008. Alcons Øyeblikk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Genterapi ved arvelige netthinnesykdommer. [TV]. puls, NRK1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Vi kan nå redde synet hos mange fler pasienter. [Journal]. Legekunsten, nr 2, 18. årgang, Juni 2008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Fá huta sjónar á ný. [Journal]. Morgunbladid. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Fikk synet tilbake med genterapi. [Journal]. Blindesaken. Norges Blindeforbund, nr. 2, 2008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2008). Synet kan reddes med nye gener. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2007). Hereditary Retinal and RPE degenerations. The ARVO Congress Newspaper. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2007). Om retinitis pigmentosa. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur (2006). Hereditary tapetoretinal Degenerations. The ARVO Congress Newspaper. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Klassen, HJ; Warfinge, K; Schwartz, PH; Young, MJ; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur & Meyer, JS [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2005). Isolation and characterization of feline neural progenitor cells and transplantation to the retina of the Abyssinian cat with hereditary rod cone degeneration. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Narfstrom, Kristina; Aramant, RB; Seeliger, Mathias; Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Mahoney, M & Seiler, MJ (2005). Functional and structural assessment of retinal sheet allograft transplantation in feline hereditary retinal degeneration. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bragadottir, Ragnheidur; Vaegan, X; Bruun, Anita; Katz, Martin L; Rakoczy, P. Elisabeth & Narfstrom, Kristina (2005). Boosting the effects of gene therapy in RPE65 null mutation dogs by re-treatment. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i NVA