Tom Stiris

• Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn; Rossholt, Madelaine; Nordvik, Tone; Wendel, Kristina; Aas, Marlen Fossan & Skarbø, Anne-Britt [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). High dose arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in very preterm infants and neurodevelopment at 2 years - A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 51, s. 198–205. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.05.019. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background and aims The fatty acids arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulate in neural tissue in the last trimester, thus preterm infants have lower levels compared to their term-born peers. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of ARA and DHA supplementation in very preterm infants on neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years corrected age (CA). We also wanted to study the effect of in-hospital growth, socioeconomic factors and other possible covariates on neurodevelopmental outcomes for the entire study population. Methods This is a follow-up study of the ImNuT-trial (NCT03555019); a randomized controlled trial (RCT), where 120 infants born before 29 weeks of gestational age (GA) were randomized to receive an enteral supplement of both ARA and DHA (ARA:DHA group) or medium chain triglycerides (control group). The infants received supplementation from the second day of life until 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). At two years CA, the children underwent neurodevelopmental assessment using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (BSID-III) and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales second edition (PDMS-2). Results Mean (SD) GA at birth was 26.4 (1.7) weeks. The mean (SD) corrected age at follow-up was 24 months + 7 days (17 days). There were no significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes between the treatment groups. The multivariable regression model showed a positive association between female sex and motor scores as well as maternal education level and language scores. Faster linear growth from day 28–36 weeks PMA was associated with higher cognitive scores. Non-Scandinavian family language was negatively associated with all three BSID-scores. Conclusion Supplementation with ARA and DHA in very preterm children did not result in significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed with BSID-III and PDMS-2 at 2 years corrected age. Higher maternal education level, female sex, faster linear growth during hospitalization and Scandinavian family language were predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome.

• Vølstad, Karianne Bjarmann; Melheim, Maria; Iversen, Marie Hellan; Stiris, Tom; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Baumbusch, Lars Oliver [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Impact of low dose nicotine on brain-derived neurotrophic factor after global hypoxia in newborn piglets. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. ISSN 0300-5577. 53(8), s. 1137–1137. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2025-0111. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low-dose nicotine on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, its antisense alternative splice form brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisense (BDNF-AS), and its protein levels after global hypoxia in newborn piglets. This study also sought to explore the regulatory role of BDNF-AS on BDNF mRNA. Methods A total of 41 newborn piglets were randomised after hypoxia to one of two different infusions of nicotine (18 or 46 μg/kg/h, respectively) or to a control group receiving saline. After 4 h of infusion, the piglets were euthanized and brain samples from the hippocampus and temporal cortex were collected for quantification of BDNF mRNA, BDNF-AS and BDNF protein. Results In the hippocampus, significant lower expression of BDNF mRNA was observed in the animals treated with 46 μg/kg/h of nicotine compared to the group receiving 18 μg/kg/h (p=0.047) and the control group (p=0.017). The BDNF mRNA and BDNF-AS showed a strong correlation (r=0.63, p<0.001) in the hippocampus samples and moderate, but significant, correlation (r=0.36, p=0.021) in the samples from the cortex. We found no differences in BDNF mRNA between the groups in the cortex samples. Protein levels of BDNF were similar in all three groups in both the hippocampus and cortex samples. Conclusions Our results suggest that low concentrations of nicotine might have a short-term effect on the expression of BDNF mRNA. However, the BDNF protein levels remained unchanged at the same time point and the long-term impact on the nervous system remains unclear.

• Vølstad, Karianne Bjarmann; Pripp, Are Hugo; Ludviksen, Judith K; Stiris, Tom; Saugstad, Ola Didrik & Mollnes, Tom Eirik [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). No Short-Term Effect of Low-Dose Nicotine on Inflammation after Global Hypoxia in Newborn Piglets. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 122, s. 171–180. doi: 10.1159/000541217. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia initiates cytokine release and complement activation with risk of brain damage. We assessed the effect of nicotine on innate immunity and hypothesized that nicotine infusion in a newborn piglet model of asphyxia would decrease the immune response and be neuroprotective. Methods: Newborn piglets (n = 41) were randomized to one of three groups after hypoxia: two groups receiving nicotine, (1) 18 µg/kg/h (n = 17), (2) 46 µg/kg/h (n = 15), and (3) control group receiving saline (n = 9). C3a, IL-6, TNF, and IL-10 were measured in plasma and IL-6 and IL-8 in microdialysis fluid from cerebral periventricular white matter, using immuno-assays. Results: Plasma C3a and IL-6 increased significantly from start to end hypoxia (mean 4.4 ± 0.55 to 5.6 ± 0.71 ng/mL and 1.66 ± 1.04 to 2.68 ± 0.71 pg/mL, respectively), while IL-10 and TNF increased significantly after 4 h (mean 1.4 ± 1.08 to 2.9 ± 1.87 and 3.3 ± 0.67 to 4.0 ± 0.58 pg/mL, respectively) (p < 0.001 for all). IL-6 increased significantly (p < 0.001) in microdialysis samples from end hypoxia to end experiment (mean 0.65 ± 0.88 to 2.78 ± 1.84 ng/mL). No significant differences were observed between the nicotine groups and the control group neither in plasma nor in microdialysis samples. Conclusion: Hypoxia leads to rapid release of cytokines in plasma and cerebral microdialysis fluid, and complement activation measured on C3a. However, low-dose nicotine administration did not affect the immune response.

• Roehr, Charles Christoph; Szczapa, Tomasz; Stiris, Tom; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Koletzko, Berthold & Ross-Russell, Rob [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). European Training Requirements in Neonatology 2021: The ESPR, EAP, and UEMS Accredited European Syllabus for Neonatal Training. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 121(4), s. 519–526. doi: 10.1159/000536247. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: The European Union stipulates transnational recognition of professional qualifications for several sectoral professions, including medical doctors. The Union of European Medical Specialists (UEMS), in its “Charter on Training of Medical Specialists,” defines the principles for high-level medical training. These principles are manifested in the framework for European Training Requirements (ETR), ensuring medical training reflects modern medical practice and current scientific findings. In 1998, the European Society for Paediatric Research developed the first ETR for Neonatology. We present the ETR Neonatology in its third iteration (ETR III), ratified by the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP), and approved by UEMS in 2021. Methods: In generating the ETR III, existing European policy documents on training requirements, including national syllabi and the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health were considered. To ensure the ETR III meets a pan-European standard of expertise in Neonatology, input from representatives from 27 European national paediatric/neonatal societies, and a European parent organisation, was sought. Results: The ETR III summarises the requirements of contemporary training programs in Neonatology and offers a system for accrediting trainers and training centres. We describe the content of the ETR III training syllabus and means of gaining and assessing competency as a medical care provider in Neonatology. Conclusion: Graduates of courses following the ETR III Neonatology will obtain a certificate of satisfactory training completion which should be accepted by all European member states as a baseline qualification to practice as a specialist in neonatal medicine, enabling mutual recognition of status throughout Europe.

• Arribas, Cristina; Cavallaro, Giacomo; Gonzalez, Juan-Luis; Lagares, Carolina; Raffaeli, Genny & Smits, Anne [Vis alle 84 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Global cross-sectional survey on neonatal pharmacologic sedation and analgesia practices and pain assessment tools: impact of the sociodemographic index (SDI). Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 96, s. 964–975. doi: 10.1038/s41390-024-03032-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background There is variability in the use of sedatives and analgesics in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We aimed to investigate the use of analgesics and sedatives and the management of neonatal pain and distress. Methods This was a global, prospective, cross-sectional study. A survey was distributed May–November 2022. The primary outcome of this research was to compare results between countries depending on their socio-sanitary level using the sociodemographic index (SDI). We organized results based on geographical location. Results The survey collected 1304 responses, but we analyzed 924 responses after database cleaning. Responses from 98 different countries were analyzed. More than 60% of NICUs reported having an analgosedation guideline, and one-third of respondents used neonatal pain scales in more than 80% of neonates. We found differences in the management of sedation and analgesia between NICUs on different continents, but especially between countries with different SDIs. Countries with a higher SDI had greater availability of and adherence to analgosedation guidelines, as well as higher rates of analgosedation for painful or distressing procedures. Countries with different SDIs reported differences in analgosedation for neonatal intubation, invasive ventilation, and therapeutic hypothermia, among others.

• Engel, Corinna; Rüdiger, Mario; Benders, Manon J. N. L.; Bel, Frank van; Allegaert, Karel & Naulaers, Gunnar [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Detailed statistical analysis plan for ALBINO: effect of Allopurinol in addition to hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury on Neurocognitive Outcome — a blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter trial for superiority (phase III). Trials. 25(1), s. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07828-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wendel, Kristina; Aas, Marlen Fossan; Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn; Rossholt, Madelaine; Bratlie, Marianne & Nordvik, Tone [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Effect of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on respiratory outcomes and neonatal morbidities in preterm infants. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 42(1), s. 22–28. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims Studies have suggested that supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to preterm infants might be associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Our aim was to investigate the effect of enteral supplementation with arachidonic acid (ARA) and DHA on short-term respiratory outcomes and neonatal morbidities in very preterm infants. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from the ImNuT (Immature, Nutrition Therapy) study, a randomized double blind clinical trial. Infants with gestational age less than 29 weeks were randomized to receive a daily enteral supplement with ARA 100 mg/kg and DHA 50 mg/kg (intervention) or medium chain triglycerides (MCT) oil (control), from second day of life to 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Study outcomes included duration of respiratory support, incidence of BPD and other major morbidities associated with preterm birth. Results 120 infants with mean (SD) gestational age 26.4 (1.7) weeks were randomized and allocated to either the intervention or control group. Supplementation with ARA and DHA led to a significant reduction in number of days with respiratory support (mean (95% CI) 63.4 (56.6–71.3) vs 80.6 (72.4–88.8); p = 0.03) and a lower oxygen demand (FiO2) (mean (95% CI) 0.26 (0.25–0.28) vs 0.29 (0.27–0.30); p = 0.03) compared to control treatment. There were no clinically important differences in incidence of BPD and other major morbidities between the treatment groups. Conclusions Supplementation with ARA and DHA to preterm infants was safe and might have a beneficial effect on respiratory outcomes.

• Stevenson, Nathan J; Nordvik, Tone; Nygaard, Cathrine Skorpen; Giordano, Vito; Moltu, Sissel Jennifer & Larsson, Pål Gunnar [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Inter-site generalizability of EEG based age prediction algorithms in the preterm infant. Physiological Measurement. ISSN 0967-3334. 44(7). doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/ace755. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Moltu, Sissel Jennifer; Nordvik, Tone; Rossholt, Madelaine; Wendel, Kristina; Chawla, Maninder Singh & Server, Andrés [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and brain maturation in preterm infants; a double blind RCT. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 43(1), s. 176–186. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.037. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nordvik, Tone; Server, Andrés; Nygaard, Cathrine Skorpen; Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Larsson, Pål Gunnar & Pripp, Are Hugo [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Combining MRI and Spectral EEG for Assessment of Neurocognitive Outcomes in Preterm Infants. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 120(4), s. 482–490. doi: 10.1159/000530648. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Predicting impairment in preterm children is challenging. Our aim is to explore the association between MRI at term-equivalent age (TEA) and neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood and to assess whether the addition of EEG improves prognostication. Methods: This prospective observational study included forty infants with gestational age 24 + 0–30 + 6. Children were monitored with multichannel EEG for 72 h after birth. Total absolute band power for the delta band on day 2 was calculated. Brain MRI was performed at TEA and scored according to the Kidokoro scoring system. At 10–12 years of age, we evaluated neurocognitive outcomes with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition, Vineland adaptive behavior scales 2nd edition and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. We performed linear regression analysis to examine the association between outcomes and MRI and EEG, respectively, and multiple regression analysis to explore the combination of MRI and EEG. Results: Forty infants were included. There was a significant association between global brain abnormality score and composite outcomes of WISC and Vineland test, but not the BRIEF test. The adjusted R2 was 0.16 and 0.08, respectively. For EEG, adjusted R2 was 0.34 and 0.15, respectively. When combining MRI and EEG data, adjusted R2 changed to 0.36 for WISC and 0.16 for the Vineland test. Conclusion: There was a small association between TEA MRI and neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood. Adding EEG to the model improved the explained variance. Combining EEG and MRI data did not have any additional benefit over EEG alone.

• Rossholt, Madelaine; Bratlie, Marianne; Wendel, Kristina; Aas, Marlen Fossan; Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn & Fugelseth, Drude [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Effect of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on quality of growth in preterm infants: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0261-5614. 42(12), s. 2311–2319. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims A balanced supply of arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be crucial for quality of growth in preterm infants. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effect of enhanced ARA and DHA supplementation on growth and body composition in infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. Furthermore, we aimed to study associations between human milk feeding, growth patterns and body composition. Methods The ImNuT-trial randomized 121 infants to receive a daily supplement with medium chain triglycerides (control) or 100 mg/kg ARA and 50 mg/kg DHA (ARA:DHA group) from the second day of life until 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Growth and body composition were evaluated up to 3 months corrected age. Results The ARA:DHA group showed better linear growth from birth to term equivalent age compared to the control group; mean difference in z score change from birth for length was 0.74 ([95% CI, 0.17–1.3]; p = 0.010). There were no differences in growth and body composition outcomes at 3 months corrected age between the groups. An increase in z score for weight after 36 weeks postmenstrual age and breastfeeding at 3 months corrected age were the strongest positive predictors of fat mass% at 3 months corrected age (both, p < 0.001). Conclusion Early enhanced supplementation of ARA and DHA may be beneficial with respect to somatic growth in very preterm infants.

• Wendel, Kristina; Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn; Aas, Marlen Fossan; Westvik, Asbjørn; Pripp, Are Hugo & Fugelseth, Drude [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation and Early Inflammation in Preterm Infants: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 120(4), s. 465–472. doi: 10.1159/000530129. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Postnatal inflammation is associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes in preterm infants. The essential fatty acids arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are precursors of lipid mediators with a key role in resolving inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of ARA and DHA supplementation on systemic inflammation in very preterm infants and to identify clinical factors associated with early inflammation. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial (ImNuT study). Infants with gestational age (GA) less than 29 weeks were randomized to receive a daily enteral supplement with ARA 100 mg/kg and DHA 50 mg/kg (ARA:DHA group) or MCT oil (control group) from the second day of life to 36 weeks postmenstrual age. ARA, DHA, and four proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) were analyzed in repeated dried blood samples from birth to day 28 and the area under the curve (AUC) for each variable was calculated. Results: The intention to treat population included 120 infants with mean (SD) GA 26.4 (1.7). The ARA:DHA group had significantly lower IL-6 levels from day 3 to day 28 compared to the control group, mean difference AUC log10 (95% CI): 0.16 (0.03–0.30) pg/mL, p = 0.018. There was no correlation between ARA or DHA blood concentrations and cytokine levels. Having a low gestational age was independently associated with increased levels of all cytokines during the first 4 weeks of life. Conclusions: Enhanced supplementation with ARA and DHA may modulate inflammation in very preterm infants.

• Wendel, Kristina; Rossholt, Madelaine Eloranta; Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn; Aas, Marlen Fossan; Westvik, Asbjørn & Pripp, Are Hugo [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Lung function in preterm infants at 3 months corrected age after neonatal LC-PUFA supplementation. Pediatric Pulmonology. ISSN 8755-6863. 59(2), s. 389–398. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26760. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) supplementation improves lung function at 3 months corrected age (CA) compared with standard treatment in very preterm infants. We also aimed to investigate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), longitudinal growth, and lung function at 3 months CA. Methods A secondary analysis from the ImNuT trial, in which 121 infants with gestational age &lt;29 weeks were randomized to a daily supplement with arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (ARA:DHA group) or MCT‐oil (control group) from birth up to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Lung function was assessed at 3 months CA by tidal flow volume loops and the outcomes were the ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time ( t PTEF / t E ) and tidal volume ( V T ) per body weight (mL/kg). Results Thirty‐nine infants in the ARA:DHA group versus 51 in the control group had a successful lung function test. There was no mean difference (MD) in t PTEF / t E ratio (MD: 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.04 to 0.05; p  = .77) or V T (MD: 0.09 mL/kg, 95% CI: –0.79 to 0.62; p  = .81) between the study groups. The multivariable regression model showed that BPD was associated with t PTEF / t E ratio ≤ 0.25 ( p  = .03) and that an increase in z score for length after 36 weeks PMA correlated positively with V T (mL/kg) ( p  = .03). Conclusion Neonatal LC‐PUFA supplementation did not improve lung function at 3 months CA in very preterm infants. BPD was independently associated with reduced lung function, while improved linear growth correlated with higher tidal volumes.

• Rossholt, Madelaine; Bratlie, Marianne; Wendel, Kristina; Aas, Marlen Fossan; Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn & Fugelseth, Drude [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). A standardized feeding protocol ensured recommended nutrient intakes and prevented growth faltering in preterm infants < 29 weeks gestation. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. ISSN 2405-4577. 53, s. 251–259. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.024. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background & aims Nutrition is a cornerstone of postnatal care to prevent compromised growth and support short- and long-term health outcomes in preterm infants. We aimed to evaluate nutritional intakes and growth among infants <29 weeks gestation after implementation of a standardized feeding protocol. Methods This is an observational cohort secondary analysis of data from the ImNuT study (Immature, Nutrition Therapy, NCT03555019). To reduce variations in nutritional practice and ensure accommodation to current guidelines, we developed a standardized feeding protocol. Detailed information on actual nutritional intakes, growth and biochemistry was prospectively collected and assessed from birth to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Results Median (range) gestational age and birth weight were 26+6 (22+6-28+6) weeks and 798 (444–1485) g. Energy and macronutrient intakes progressively increased from birth through transition to exclusive enteral feeds. Parenteral nutrition was weaned at median (IQR) day 11 (9, 14) when nutritional requirements were met by exclusively enteral feeds. Infants exhibited a median (IQR) weight loss of 7.8% (5.7, 11.6) and regained birth weight by day 8 (7, 11). Average velocity in weight, length and head circumference from birth to 36 weeks PMA were in accordance with target growth rates; median (IQR) 15.8 (14.7, 17.7) g/kg/d, 1.1 (0.98, 1.3) cm/week and 0.82 (0.83, 0.89) cm/week. At 36 weeks PMA, only 3% of infants exhibited moderate growth faltering (decline in weigh-for-age z score >1.2 from birth), and none severe. Conclusions In infants <29 weeks gestation, the standardized feeding protocol was well tolerated. Nutrient intakes and growth were close to recommendations.

• Rossholt, Madelaine; Wendel, Kristina; Bratlie, Marianne; Aas, Marlen Fossan; Gunnarsdottir, Gunnþórunn & Fugelseth, Drude [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Vitamin A Status in Preterm Infants Is Associated with Inflammation and Dexamethasone Exposure. Nutrients. 15(2). doi: 10.3390/nu15020441. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Vitamin A has a key role in lung development and its deficiency is associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This secondary cohort analysis of the ImNuT trial (Immature, Nutrition Therapy NCT03555019) aimed to (1) explore vitamin A status in preterm infants &lt;29 weeks gestation and (2) assess the influence of inflammation and postnatal dexamethasone exposure on vitamin A concentrations in blood. We report detailed information on vitamin A biochemistry, vitamin A intake, markers of inflammation and dexamethasone exposure. After four weeks of age, infants exposed to dexamethasone (n = 39) showed higher vitamin A concentrations compared to unexposed infants (n = 41); median (IQR) retinol was 1.0 (0.74, 1.5) vs. 0.56 (0.41, 0.74) µmol/L, p &lt; 0.001. Pretreatment retinol concentrations were lower in the dexamethasone group compared to non-exposed infants (p &lt; 0.001); 88% vs. 60% of the infants were considered deficient in vitamin A (retinol &lt; 0.7 µmol/L) at one week of age. Small size for gestational age, mechanical ventilation and elevated levels of interleukin-6 were factors negatively associated with first-week retinol concentrations. In conclusion, preterm infants &lt;29 weeks gestation are at risk of vitamin A deficiency despite intakes that accommodate current recommendations. The presence of inflammation and dexamethasone exposure should be considered when interpreting vitamin A status.

• Nordvik, Tone; Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Larsson, Pål Gunnar; Pripp, Are Hugo; Løhaugen, Gro & Stiris, Tom (2022). Early spectral EEG in preterm infants correlates with neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 92, s. 1132–1139. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01915-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Evidence regarding the predictive value of early amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG)/EEG on neurodevelopmental outcomes at school age and beyond is lacking. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between early postnatal EEG and neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood. Methods This study is an observational prospective cohort study of premature infants with a gestational age <28 weeks. The total absolute band powers (tABP) of the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands were analyzed from EEG recordings during the first three days of life. At 10–12 years of age, neurocognitive outcomes were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition (WISC-IV), Vineland adaptive behavior scales 2nd edition, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The mean differences in tABP were assessed for individuals with normal versus unfavorable neurocognitive scores. Results Twenty-two infants were included. tABP values in all four frequency bands were significantly lower in infants with unfavorable results in the main composite scores (full intelligence quotient, adaptive behavior composite score, and global executive composite score) on all three tests (p < 0.05). Conclusions Early postnatal EEG has the potential to assist in predicting cognitive outcomes at 10–12 years of age in extremely premature infants <28 weeks’ gestation. Impact Evidence regarding the value of early postnatal EEG in long-term prognostication in preterm infants is limited. Our study suggests that early EEG spectral analysis correlates with neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood in extremely preterm infants. Early identification of infants at-risk of later impairment is important to initiate early and targeted follow-up and intervention.

• Giuffrida, Francesca; Fleith, Mathilde; Goyer, Amélie; Samuel, Tinu Mary; Elmelegy-Masserey, Isabelle & Fontannaz, Patric [Vis alle 25 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Human milk fatty acid composition and its association with maternal blood and adipose tissue fatty acid content in a cohort of women from Europe. European Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 1436-6207. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02788-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Binia, Aristea; Lavalle, Luca; Chen, Cheng; Austin, Sean; Agosti, Massimo & Al-Jashi, Isam [Vis alle 21 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Human milk oligosaccharides, infant growth, and adiposity over the first 4 months of lactation. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 90(3), s. 684–693. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01328-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wendel, Kristina; Pfeiffer, Helle Cecilie; Fugelseth, Drude; Nestaas, Eirik; Domellöf, Magnus & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Vis alle 42 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Effects of nutrition therapy on growth, inflammation and metabolism in immature infants: a study protocol of a double-blind randomized controlled trial (ImNuT). BMC Pediatrics. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02425-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Current nutritional management of infants born very preterm results in significant deficiency of the essential fatty acids (FAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The impact of this deficit on brain maturation and inflammation mediated neonatal morbidities are unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether early supply of ARA and DHA improves brain maturation and neonatal outcomes in infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. Methods: Infants born at Oslo University Hospital are eligible to participate in this double-blind randomized controlled trial. Study participants are randomized to receive an enteral FA supplement of either 0.4 ml/kg MCT-oil™ (medium chain triglycerides) or 0.4 ml/kg Formulaid™ (100 mg/kg of ARA and 50 mg/kg of DHA). The FA supplement is given from the second day of life to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). The primary outcome is brain maturation assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age. Secondary outcomes include quality of growth, incidence of neonatal morbidities, cardiovascular health and neuro-development. Target sample size is 120 infants (60 per group), this will provide 80% power to detect a 0.04 difference in mean diffusivity (MD, mm2/sec) in major white matter tracts on MRI. Discussion: Supplementation of ARA and DHA has the potential to improve brain maturation and reduce inflammation related diseases. This study is expected to provide valuable information for future nutritional guidelines for preterm infants. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03555019 . Registered 4 October 2018- Retrospectively registered.

• Kongstorp, Mette; Bogen, Inger Lise; Stiris, Tom & Andersen, Jannike Mørch (2020). Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine impairs cognitive performance in young adult rats. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. ISSN 0376-8716. 212(108008), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108008. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Concerns have been raised about the use of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) during pregnancy and negative effects for the offspring. While neonatal outcomes and short-term effects are relatively well described, studies examining long-term effects in adolescents and adults are absent. The aim of the present study was to examine effects on learning and memory in young adult rats prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine. Methods Female rats were implanted with a 28-day osmotic minipump delivering methadone (10 mg/kg/day), buprenorphine (1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle 5 days prior to mating. To examine possible effects on cognitive functioning, young adult offspring were included in three different behavioral tests that examine recognition memory, nonspatial, and spatial learning and memory. In addition, offspring growth and maternal behavior after birh were investigated. Results Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine caused impaired recognition memory and nonspatial reference learning and memory in young adult rats compared with the vehicle-treated group. Methadone-exposed offspring, but not the buprenorphine-exposed, also showed reduced long-term spatial memory. We did not observe any changes in maternal behavior or offspring growth after prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine, suggesting that the impaired cognitive functioning is due to the opioid exposure rather than reduced maternal caregiving. Conclusion The present findings of long-term cognitive impairments in methadone- and buprenorphine-exposed offspring points to a negative impact of OMT on neurobiological development.

• Schrier, Lenneke; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Stiris, Tom; Ross-Russell, Robert; Valiulis, Arunas & Turner, Mark A [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Off-label use of medicines in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents: a joint policy statement by the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European society for Developmental Perinatal and Pediatric Pharmacology. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 179(5), s. 839–847. doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03556-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kongstorp, Mette; Bogen, Inger Lise; Steinsland, Synne; Nerem, Elisabeth; Salih, Triske Woshyar & Stiris, Tom [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine alters µ-opioid receptor binding and downstream signaling in the rat brain. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. ISSN 0736-5748. 80(5), s. 443–453. doi: 10.1002/jdn.10043. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There is a growing concern related to the use of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy. Studies in both humans and animals have reported reduced cognitive functioning in offspring prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine; however, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these impairments. To reveal possible neurobiological effects of such in utero exposure, we examined brain tissue from methadone‐ and buprenorphine‐exposed rat offspring previously shown to display impaired learning and memory. We studied µ‐opioid receptor (MOR) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) binding in the rat offspring cerebrum during development and in the hippocampus at young adulthood. Moreover, we examined activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), which are central in the downstream signaling of these receptors. The methadone‐ and buprenorphine‐exposed rat pups displayed reduced MOR binding up to two weeks after birth, whereas the NMDAR binding was unaffected. Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine also resulted in decreased activation of CaMKII and/or ERK during development, while young adult offspring displayed increased hippocampal ERK activation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to exogenous opioids, such as methadone or buprenorphine, may disturb the endogenous opioid system during development, with long‐term effects on proteins important for cognitive functioning.

• Samuel, Tinu Mary; Binia, Aristea; Castro, Carlos Antonio de; Thakkar, Sagar K; Billeaud, Claude & Agosti, Massimo [Vis alle 17 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Impact of maternal characteristics on human milk oligosaccharide composition over the first 4 months of lactation in a cohort of healthy European mothers. Scientific Reports. 9(1), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48337-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Efstathiou, Elisavet; Altorjai, Peter; Stiris, Tom; Valiulis, Arũnas & Koletzko, Berthold [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Social media and children: what is the paediatrician's role? European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 178, s. 1605–1612. doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03458-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schrier, Lenneke; Wyder, Corinne; Torso, Stefano del; Stiris, Tom; Both, Ulrich von & Brandenberger, Julia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Medical care for migrant children in Europe: a practical recommendation for first and follow-up appointments. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 178(9), s. 1449–1467. doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03405-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Between 2015 and 2017, an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 children were seeking asylum each year in EU/EEA countries. As access to high-quality health care is important, we collected and compared current recommendations across Europe for a consensus recommendation on medical care for migrant (asylum-seeking and refugee) children. Existing recommendations were collected from published literature and identified through national representatives from paediatric societies of 31 EU/EEA countries through the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP). Recommendations were systematically extracted and collected in a database. Those mentioned in at least one recommendation were evaluated for inclusion, and evidence on recommendations was specifically identified in literature searches focused on recent evidence from Europe. For eight EU/EEA countries, a national recommendation was identified. Growth and development, vision and hearing impairment, skin and dental problems, immunisations, anaemia, micronutrient deficiency, helminths, hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, schistosomiasis, syphilis, tuberculosis, mental health disorder and sexual health were most frequently mentioned and therefore selected for inclusion in the recommendation. Conclusion: The current document includes general recommendations on ethical standards, use of interpreters and specific recommendations for prevention or early detection of communicable and non-communicable diseases. It may serve as a tool to ensure the fundamental right that migrant children in Europe receive a comprehensive, patient-centred health care.

• Samuel, Tinu Mary; Castro, Carlos Antonio de; Dubascoux, Stephane; Affolter, Michael; Giuffrida, Francesca & Billeaud, Claude [Vis alle 23 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Subclinical Mastitis in a European Multicenter Cohort: Prevalence, Impact on Human Milk (HM) Composition, and Association with Infant HM Intake and Growth. Nutrients. 12(1). doi: 10.3390/nu12010105. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ûner, Inger Louise; Johansen, Tove; Dahle, Julie; Persson, Mette; Stiris, Tom & Andresen, Jannicke Hanne (2019). Therapeutic hypothermia and N-PASS; results from implementation in a level 3 NICU. Early Human Development. ISSN 0378-3782. 137:104828, s. 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104828. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Neonates that have been subjected to perinatal asphyxia and fulfill criteria for therapeutic hypothermia are cooled to 33.5 °C for 72 h. There is no consensus regarding sedation and analgesic use during hypothermia, but there is evidence supporting the importance of pain relief and adequate sedation. There is a need for assessment of the neonates need for pain relief and sedation, and for adjustments of medication to ensure adequate treatment. There are many different scoring tools available. We found the N-PASS (Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale) scoring tool to be the most suitable for this patient group as it assesses both pain and sedation. Methods We translated the scoring tool according to guidelines published by Wilder et al., and scored neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Sedation and analgesia were adjusted according to scoring results. At the end of the study a questionnaire was filled out by the nurses in charge of this group of patients. Results Both pain and sedation scores did not reach the desired levels until day 3. The nurses reported a high level of satisfaction (79.7% were extremely of very satisfied), and 96.7% of the nurses found the neonates to be better pain relieved after the initiation of the study. Conclusion The implementation of the N-PASS scoring tool in our unit has been successful, and has led to better pain relief and sedation than before the implementation.

• Kongstorp, Mette; Bogen, Inger Lise; Stiris, Tom & Andersen, Jannike Mørch (2019). High accumulation of methadone compared with buprenorphine in fetal rat brain after maternal exposure. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. ISSN 0022-3565. 371(1), s. 130–137. doi: 10.1124/jpet.119.259531. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Crawley, Francis P.; Stiris, Tom; Neubauer, David & Michaud, Pierre-Andre (2018). Child trafficking in Europe: what is the paediatrician's role?: A statement by the European Academy of Paediatrics. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 177(9), s. 1419–1423. doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-3190-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Child trafficking is among the most lucrative criminal activities in the world and growing rapidly. Poverty, natural disasters, armed conflicts and, in particular, migration put vulnerable children at high risk of trafficking. Accurate statistics on child trafficking are not available due to its illegal nature. Moreover, trafficking may not be consistently recorded and reported by European countries, mainly because of different perceptions as to who is considered a victim of trafficking. Around 4000–5000 children were identified as presumed victims of trafficking in European Union countries from 2013 to 2014; this is an underestimate of the problem because many victims go unrecognised. Trafficking is linked with issues, such as forced marriage, begging, labour or domestic servitude, slavery and prostitution as well as sexual abuse and child pornography. It may also involve the use of children as soldiers or for criminal activities, such as theft and drug smuggling. Child trafficking also involves the removal of organs and the selling neonates, infants, and children for adoption. Child victims of trafficking should be promptly identified in order to provide them with the necessary care as well as to prosecute the traffickers and stop their illegal activity. Healthcare professionals should be appropriately trained to keep a careful eye out for any signs of trafficking in children. Conclusion: The European Academy of Paediatrics calls on our governments, intergovernmental organisations, paediatricians, and healthcare professionals to collaborate so as to improve the identification and healthcare of victims and to contribute to the disbanding and prosecution of child traffickers by reporting such situations.

• Zavrsnik, Jernej; Stiris, Tom; Schrier, Lenneke; Russell, Robert Ross; Torso, Stefano del & Valiulis, Arunas [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Basic training requirements for health care professionals who care for children. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 177(9), s. 1413–1417. doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-3150-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schrier, Lenneke; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Torso, Stefano del; Stiris, Tom; Emonts, Marieke & Dornbusch, Hans Jürgen (2018). European Antibiotic Awareness Day 2017: training the next generation of health care professionals in antibiotic stewardship. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 177(2), s. 279–283. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-3055-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skranes, Janne Helen; Løhaugen, Gro; Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Osredkar, Damjan; Server, Andrés & Cowan, Frances Mary [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography Improves the Identification of Infants with Encephalopathy for Therapeutic Hypothermia and Predicts Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 2 Years of Age. Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0022-3476. 187, s. 34–42. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.041. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Dornbusch, Hans Jürgen; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Torso, Stefano Del; Mercier, Jean-Christophe; Wyder, Corinne & Schrier, Lenneke [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). We strongly support childhood immunisation-statement from the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP). European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 176(5), s. 679–680. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-2885-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bührer, Christoph; Erdeve, Ömer; Kaam, Anton van; Berger, Angelika; Lechner, Evelyn & Bar-Oz, Benjamin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide urinary concentrations and retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 82(6), s. 958–963. doi: 10.1038/pr.2017.179. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schrier, Lenneke; Illy, K; Valiulis, Arũnas; Wyder, Corinne & Stiris, Tom (2017). EAP viewpoint on unpublished data from paediatric clinical trials. European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 177(2), s. 275–277. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-3005-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grossman, Zachi; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Stiris, Tom; Torso, Stefano del; Mercier, Jean-Christophe & Valiulis, Arunas [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Vitamin D in European children - statement from the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP). European Journal of Pediatrics. ISSN 0340-6199. 176(6), s. 829–831. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-2903-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fredly, Siv; Nygaard, Cathrine Skorpen; Skranes, Janne Helen; Stiris, Tom & Fugelseth, Drude (2016). Cooling effect on skin microcirculation in asphyxiated newborn infants with increased C-reactive protein. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 110(4), s. 270–276. doi: 10.1159/000446763. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Fredly, Siv; Fugelseth, Drude; Nygaard, Cathrine Skorpen; Salerud, Gøran; Stiris, Tom & Kvernebo, Knut (2016). Noninvasive assessments of oxygen delivery from the microcirculation to skin in hypothermia-treated asphyxiated newborn infants. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 79, s. 902–906. doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.16. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sidaly, Rivan; Schmalfuss, Andreas Jørn; Skaare, Anne B; Sehic, Amer; Stiris, Tom & Espelid, Ivar (2016). Five-minute Apgar score ≤ 5 and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) - a case control study. BMC Oral Health. 17:25. doi: 10.1186/s12903-016-0253-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The aetiology of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is unclear. The asymmetric distribution of MIH in the dentition may indicate that an insult of short duration that affects ameloblasts at a vulnerable stage could be a causative factor. Apgar ≤ 5 at 5 min may indicate asphyxia (hypoxic-ischemic insult) during birth. It was hypnotised that low Apgar score during birth may cause MIH. The present study aimed to examine a possible association between Apgar ≤ 5 at 5 min and the occurrence of MIH. Method: Two study groups were selected for examination. The cases comprised 67 children aged 8–10 years born with Apgar score equal to or below 5 after 5 min. The control group comprised 157 age-matched healthy children. First permanent molars, second primary molars and all permanent incisors were examined in all children. Clinical examination was undertaken by two calibrated examiners and intraoral close-up photographs of the teeth were later evaluated by three calibrated and blinded clinicians. Demarcated opacities, post-eruptive breakdown, atypical restorations and extractions due to MIH, according to the criteria of the European Association of Paediatric Dentistry, were assessed. Results: The prevalence of MIH did not differ between the two groups. A chi-square test failed to confirm any statistically significant relationship between 5-min Apgar scores and MIH occurrence. In addition, there was no statistically significant relationship between the number of affected first permanent molars in cases and controls. Conclusion: There was no association between Apgar ≤ 5 at 5 min and the occurrence of MIH.

• Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Stiris, Tom & Larsson, Pål Gunnar (2015). Effective connectivity in long-term EEG monitoring in preterm infants. Clinical Neurophysiology. ISSN 1388-2457. 126(12), s. 2261–2268. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.017. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skranes, Janne Helen; Cowan, Frances; Stiris, Tom; Fugelseth, Drude; Thoresen, Marianne & SERVER, ANDRES (2015). Brain imaging in cooled encephalopathic neonates does not differ between four and 11 days after birth. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 104(8), s. 752–758. doi: 10.1111/apa.13016. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sidaly, Rivan; Risnes, Steinar; Khan, Qalbi; Stiris, Tom & Sehic, Amer (2015). The effect of hypoxia on the formation of mouse incisor enamel. Archives of Oral Biology. ISSN 0003-9969. 60(11), s. 1601–1612. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.08.009. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Larsson, Pål Gunnar; Pripp, Are Hugo & Stiris, Tom (2014). The Effect of Blood Glucose and pCO 2 on Spectral EEG of Premature Infants during the First Three Days of Life. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 105(4), s. 297–305. doi: 10.1159/000357291. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bousquet, Jean; Addis, Antoino; Adcock, Ian M.; Agache, Ioana; Agustí, Àlvar & Alonso, Albert [Vis alle 50 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs). European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 44(2), s. 304–323. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00014614. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skranes, Janne Helen; Elstad, Maja; Thoresen, Marianne; Cowan, Frances; Stiris, Tom & Fugelseth, Drude (2014). Hypothermia Makes Cerebral Resistance Index a Poor Prognostic Tool in Encephalopathic Newborns. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 106(1), s. 17–23. doi: 10.1159/000358229. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Larsson, Pål Gunnar; Sinding-Larsen, Charlotte; Aronsen, Roy Arne; Lindemann, Rolf & Skjeldal, Ola [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Automated Spectral EEG Analyses of Premature Infants during the First Three Days of Life Correlated with Developmental Outcomes at 24 Months. Neonatology. ISSN 1661-7800. 103(3), s. 205–212. doi: 10.1159/000345923. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haukland, Linda; Kutzsche, Stefan; Hynås, Inger Anette & Stiris, Tom (2013). Neonatal seizures with reversible EEG changes after antenatal venlafaxine exposure. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 102(11), s. E524–E526. doi: 10.1111/apa.12375. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schumacher, Eva Margrethe; Westvik, Asbjørn Schumacher; Larsson, Pål Gunnar; Lindemann, Rolf; Westvik, Jostein & Stiris, Tom (2011). Feasibility of Long-Term Continuous EEG Monitoring During the First Days of Life in Preterm Infants: An Automated Quantification of the EEG Activity. Pediatric Research. ISSN 0031-3998. 69(5), s. 413–417. doi: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31821267d2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lindemann, Rolf; Svenningsen, Leif; Kjeldsen-Kragh, Jens; Stiris, Tom; Killie, Mette K & Husebekk, Anne (2004). Tre spesielle graviditetsforløp til ettertanke. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (Tidsskriftet). ISSN 0029-2001. 124(17), s. 2244–2245. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Volstad, K; Melheim, Maria; Saugstad, Ola Didrik; Stiris, Tom; Baumbusch, Lars Oliver & Andresen, Jannicke Hanne (2023). Effect of nicotine on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisense in newborn asphyxiated piglets. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kongstorp, Mette; Andersen, Jannike Mørch; Bogen, Inger Lise & Stiris, Tom (2019). Prenatal exposure to opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reduces cognitive performance in young adult rats. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Maiwald, Christian A.; Annink, Kim V.; Rüdiger, Mario; Benders, Manon J.N.L.; Bel, Frank van & Allegaert, Karel [Vis alle 19 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Effect of allopurinol in addition to hypothermia treatment in neonates for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neurocognitive outcome (ALBINO): study protocol of a blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter trial for superiority (phase III). BMC Pediatrics. 19:210(210), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1566-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ludvigsson, Jonas F.; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Torso, Stefano Del; Mercier, Jean-Christophe; Valiulis, Arunas & Stiris, Tom (2017). Appropriate use of antibiotics is vital for public health. Acta Paediatrica. ISSN 0803-5253. 106(5), s. 691–691. doi: 10.1111/apa.13772. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wood, Thomas Ragnar; Skranes, Janne Helen; Falck, Mari; Lohaugen, GC; Stiris, Tom & Loberg, EM [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Core Temperature After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischaemia Predicts Long-term Cerebral Injury. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skranes, Janne Helen; Cowan, Frances; Stiris, Tom; Fugelseth, Drude; Thoresen, Marianne & SERVER, ANDRES (2014). Cerebral MRI on Days 4 and 11 in Encephalopathic Neonates Treated With Hypothermia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skranes, Janne Helen; Thoresen, Marianne; Stiris, Tom; Cowan, Frances; Server, Andres Alonso & Fugelseth, Drude [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Changes in Cerebral Resistance Index (RI) after rewarming from day three of cooling predicts good but not poor outcome in infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kalikstad, Betty; Wesenberg, Finn; Brunvand, Leif; Stiris, Tom & Hansen, Thor Willy (2007). Sikrere medisiner for barn. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Det er på høy tid at Norge er med på å ta et ansvar for å utvikle sikrere og bedre legemiddelbehandling av barn. A-Magasinet 23. mars gir informasjon om åpningen av Nordens første forskningspost for medikamentell behandling av barn ved Haukeland Universitetssykehus.

• Nordvik, Tone; Stiris, Tom & Moltu, Sissel Jennifer (2025). Monitoring the premature brain: The role of EEG and MRI as biomarkers of early interventions and long-term outcomes. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 9788234807152. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Despite improvements in survival rates for preterm infants, morbidity remains high. There is a need for early and effective biomarkers, as well as the development of neuroprotective and neurodevelopmental interventions. Nutrition is a modifiable factor that can potentially enhance brain maturation and outcomes. This thesis hypothesized that early postnatal electroencephalography (EEG) and Kidokoro scores derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age (TEA) correlate with neurocognitive outcomes in late childhood. Additionally, it examined whether supplementation with arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could improve white matter microstructure at TEA. The research included two cohorts: the first assessed the use of early postnatal EEG and TEA MRI in predicting long-term neurocognitive outcomes among infants born before 31 weeks of gestation, while the second tested the effects of ARA and DHA supplementation on brain maturation in infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. We found a significant association between total absolute band power from early EEG and long-term neurocognitive outcomes. Although there was a modest association between the Kidokoro score from MRI and outcomes, combining EEG and MRI did not provide additional predictive value beyond EEG alone. Supplementation with ARA and DHA resulted in observable changes in white matter microstructure on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at term age. Our results suggest that early postnatal EEG is a promising biomarker for predicting long-term outcomes. Furthermore, supplementation with ARA and DHA may facilitate brain maturation, with DTI emerging as a more effective biomarker for assessing early interventions compared to standard MRI.

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